Nanchang Q-5
| Q-5 / A-5 | |
|---|---|
| File:Q5d.jpg | |
| Two Nanchang Q-5Ds taking off | |
| Role | Ground-attack aircraft |
| National origin | People's Republic of China |
| Manufacturer | Nanchang |
| First flight | 4 July 1965 |
| Introduction | 1970 |
| Status | Active service |
| Primary users | PLA Air Force Pakistan Air Force North Korean Air Force Bangladesh Air Force |
| Produced | 1969-???? |
| Number built | ≈1,000 |
| Developed from | Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19 / Shenyang J-6 |
The Nanchang Q-5 (NATO reporting name 'Fantan'), also known as the A-5 in its export versions, is a Chinese-built jet ground-attack aircraft based on the Soviet MiG-19. Its main role is close air support.
Design and development
The PRC was an enthusiastic user of the MiG-19, which it manufactured locally as the Shenyang J-6 starting in 1958. In August 1958 the People's Liberation Army requested development of a jet attack aircraft for the air support role.
The MiG-19/J-6 became the starting point, but the new design, designated Qiang-5 (fifth attack design), had a longer fuselage, area ruled to reduce transonic drag and accommodate a 4 m (13-ft) long internal weapons bay. The air intakes were moved to the fuselage sides to make space in the nose for a planned target radar (which was never actually fitted). New wings with greater area and reduced sweep were incorporated. The Q-5 shares the J-6's Liming Wopen-6A (Tumansky R-9) turbojet engines. The redesign costs some high-altitude speed, but the Q-5 is as fast as the MiG-19/J-6 at low level, thanks largely to the area-ruled fuselage.[citation needed]
Fixed armament of the Q-5 was reduced to two Type 23-1 23 mm cannon with 100 rounds per gun, mounted in the wing roots. Two pylons under each wing and two pairs of tandem pylons under the engines were provided in addition to the weapons bay. A total of 1,000 kg (2,205 lb) of ordnance could be carried internally, with an additional 1,000 kg externally. On many aircraft the weapons bay is now used primarily for an auxiliary fuel tank.
The first prototype was completed in 1960, but the Chinese political situation resulted in the project being cancelled in 1961. A small team kept it alive until it was re-opened in 1963, when production was shifted to Nanchang. The first flight finally occurred on 4 June 1965. Series production began in 1969, with squadron delivery starting in 1970.
About 1,000 aircraft were produced, 600 of them being the updated Q-5A. A small number, perhaps a few dozen, Q-5As were modified to carry nuclear weapons; these are believed to retain their internal weapons bay. A long-range Q-5I, introduced in 1983, added a fuel tank instead of the internal weapons bay, compensating for that with the provision of two additional underwing pylons. Some of these aircraft serve with the PLA Navy, and have apparently been equipped with radar to guide anti-ship missiles. They can also drop torpedoes. Subsequent minor upgrades include the Q-5IA, with a new gun/bomb sighting system and avionics, and the Q-5II, with radar warning receiver (RWR).
In the 1980s, the 'Fantan' was exported to nations such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar and North Korea, and is often known as the A-5 in those nations.
Plans for an upgraded Q-5/A-5 with Western equipment and new navigation and attack (nav/attack) systems were largely aborted following the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, but the 'Fantan' continues in service. It is a capable light attack aircraft, although its limited navigation and weapons-delivery systems are inferior to more modern aircraft.
In more recent years, the PLAAF has begun to field newer models of the Q-5, that take in some of the technology that was learned about during the cancelled Q-5M and Q-5K projects. The Q-5 introduces a nose-mounted laser rangefinder, and a laser designator is also likely to be fitted due to the fact that the aircraft is said to be able to deliver laser-guided bombs.[citation needed] It is also believed to be capable of delivering nuclear munitions. The Q-5D also has new avionics, including a HUD and a new navigation system. The Q-5E and Q-5F are also two more models which are reportedly being worked on, though little is known about them at this time. One of them could potentially be the new two-seater that has been seen in a few photographs. Alternatively, this two-seater could be designated Q-5J.
Variants
For various technical, social, political and economic reasons, the Q-5 has remained in service nearly half a century after its maiden flight and numerous variants were developed.
- Q-5
- Original production version with a total of 6 pylons, one under each wing and four under the fuselage, and was superseded by the Q-5A.
- Q-5A
- Q-5 with 8 pylons, with 1 extra pylon under each wing for AA-2 Atoll air-to-air missiles.
- Q-5 nuclear bomber
- Q-5A modified to carry nuclear bombs, only a very limited number were built. One of such aircraft is currently on display at the aviation museum in Beijing.
- Q-5 torpedo bomber
- Armed with Type 317 monopulse pulse doppler fire control radar that is also capable for terrain-following and terrain-avoidance, with a maximum range of 20 km. Although the small batch aircraft were satisfactory during the evaluation, they were soon withdrawn because the air defense of naval fleets has eliminated any chance of effectiveness by aircraft-launched torpedo attacks.
- Q-5 Anti-ship missile carrier
- Replacement for the torpedo bomber armed with Type 317A (317甲) airborne radar, an improvement of the original Type 317, and the maximum range is increased to over 50 km. Only a very limited number entered the service and by the 1980s, these aircraft were withdrawn from front line service.
- Q-5I
- Q-5A with the internal weapon bay replaced by internal fuel tank, increasing fuel capacity over 70%. Like all previous Q-5 variants, navigation was still a bottle neck resulting in aircraft must fly longer times in more complex search patterns in long range strikes. However, this problem is somewhat reduced by the increased fuel capacity.
- Q-5IA
- The original weapon aiming sight of the Q-5 was developed by No. 5311 Factory, and named as SH-1, short for She - Hong (Shoot-Bomb-1 / 射轰-1), which only had limited capability because attacks could only carried out at a fixed angle. No. 5311 Factory developed an improved version SH-1I (射轰-1甲) to allow the attack to be carried out at different angles. To solve the navigation problem, the Type 205 pulse doppler navigation radar was developed and installed. A indigenous Type 79Y4 laser rangefinder developed by No. 613 Institute was fitted.
- A-5
- Export designation for version of the Q-5 to North Korea that appeared in Chinese media. The designation contains more than one variant since the Chinese miitary aid to North Korea is protracted, but it's not clear whether this export version is derived from Q-5, Q-5A, Q-5I or Q-5IA.
- Q-5II
- Q-5IA with added radar warning receivers, and a new HK-15 laser rangefinder deveoped by No. 613 Institute replaced the older Type 79Y4. A new weapon aiming sight SH-1II (射轰-1乙) replaced the older SH-1I (射轰-1甲), and No. 5311 Factory managed to successfully integrated this sight with the new laser rangefinder and Type 205 navigation radar.
- A-5B
- Export version of Q-5II with capability to launch western missiles such as the French R550 Magic Air-to-air missiles. Reported sold to Myanmar.
- Q-5M
- Joint Chinese-Italian project to upgrade the Q-5II by converting it to the MIL-STD-1553B standard. Two central computer will be installed, as the installation of Italian FIAR built Pointer-2500 ranging radar, which was the improvement of the Pointer radar used on AMX International AMX, and the Pointe radar itself is the Italian copy of Israeli Elta EL/M-2001B ranging radar.[citation needed] Although the project was eventually cancelled after the Tiananmen Square protest of 1989, the Chinese version of the radar was eventually used on J-7GB.
- A-5M
- Export version of Q-5M with more western gears such as flight instrumentation made by Rockwell Collins, and western ejection seat made by Martin-Baker. Added the capability to fire western missiles such as the R550 Magic or AIM-9 Sidewinder. Cancelled with Q-5M after the Tiananmen Square protest of 1989.
- Q-5K
- Joint Chinese-French project to upgrade Q-5II with French avionics, such as VE110 head-Up Display, ULIS91 inertial navigation system, TMV630 laser rangefinder and other electro-optics. Like the Q-5M/A-5M, the project was also cancelled after the Tiananmen Square protest of 1989.
- A-5K
- Export version of Q-5K with more western gears such as flight instrumentation made by Rockwell Collins, and western ejection seat made by Martin-Baker. Added the capability to fire western missiles such as the R550 Magic or AIM-9 Sidewinder. Cancelled with Q-5K after the Tiananmen Square protest of 1989.
- Q-5III
- Domestic Chinese upgrade of Q-5II with indigenous inertial navigation system and JQ-1 Head-Up Display.
- A-5C
- Export version of Q-5III with more western gears upon customers' requests, such as flight instrumentation made by Rockwell Collins, and western ejection seat made by Martin-Baker. Added the capability to fire western missiles such as the R550 Magic or AIM-9 Sidewinder. Exported to Bangladesh and Pakistan.
- Q-5IV
- 28.8% change in comparison to the closest earlier version. Q-5III upgrade first appeared in the early 1990s. Two central computers like that of Q-5M and new RW-30 radar warning receivers were added. ALR-1 laser rangefinder and QHK-10 Head-Up Display developed by No. 613 Institute were added. Also known as Q-5D.
- A-5D
- Export version of Q-5IV, with more western gear upon customers' requests, such as flight instrumentation made by Rockwell Collins, and western ejection seat made by Martin-Baker. Added the capability to fire western missiles such as the R550 Magic or AIM-9 Sidewinder. No sales reported. Program terminated because all resources on this program was diverted to support the Q-5E.
- Q-5E
- Q-5IV development, with ability to drop laser guided bombs such as LS-500J LGB via a laser targeting pod, and GPS was added.
- Q-5F
- Further development of Q-5E with semi-buried electro-optical targeting pod that not only included laser designator/ranger, but also infrared imaging and television cameras. The separated inertial navigation system and the GPS in the Q-5IV/E was replaced by the DG-1 integrated inertial navigation/GPS system.
- Q-5J
- Tandem two seater of Q-5. The manufacturer claimed that it can be used as forward air control like the OA-10A, and providing targeting information via data links. The rear seat is 286 millimetres higher than the front seat, enables the back-seat pilot to have a 5 degree field of vision, and the canopy opens to the right. When used as a trainer, the rear cockpit control can override that of the front cockpit.
Operators
Specifications (Q-5D)
General characteristics
- Crew: 1
Performance
- Thrust/weight: 0.63
Armament
- Guns: 2× Norinco Type 23-2K 23 mm (0.906 in) cannon, 100 rounds per gun
- Hardpoints: Four under-fuselage and six under-wing hardpoints with a capacity of 2,000 kg (4,400 lb), with provisions to carry combinations of:
- Rockets: 57 mm, 90 mm, and 130 mm Chinese-built rocket pods
- Missiles: PL-2, PL-5, or PL-7 air-to-air missiles
- Bombs:
- Chinese-built 50 kg, 150 kg, 250 kg, or 500 kg bombs
- Chinese-built LJ-500 laser-guided bomb
- British-built BL.755 cluster bomb
- French Durandal anti-runway weapon
- Other: Fuel tanks: 105 gal, 200 gal, or 300 gal
See also
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
Related lists
References
External links
