Brazil–China relations
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Brazil – People's Republic of China relations refers to the current and historical relationship between Brazil and the People's Republic of China. Relations between Brazil and China began in the early nineteenth century and continued until 1949, when they were disrupted by the creation of the People's Republic of China. Relations were formally re-established on 15 August, 1974. Since then, bilateral ties have witnessed a smooth development in all fields.
History
An early joint undertaking involving Brazil and China began in 1812, when Queen Maria I of Portugal, then based in Brazil, imported Chinese laborers to work on a tea plantation near Rio de Janeiro. In 1900, a fresh wave of immigrants from China settled in São Paulo.[1] Formal relations ended with the 1949 Chinese Revolution and were re-established in 1974. [1] In the 21st century Brazilian businessmen have been somewhat frustrated by what the Financial Times have described as a slow pace of development for some aspects of the relationship. For example, Brazil officially recognised China as a market economy in 2004 but by 2009 the corresponding changes to the trading arrangements had not been implemented. However agreement had been reached on a wide range of issues, and an outstanding personal relationship had been established between the two nation's presidents. In 2010 the second Bric Summit was held in Brazil, with proposals made for increased cooperation between Brazil and China on political and trade related issues as well as energy, mining, financial services and agriculture. [2] [3]
Economics
China became Brazil's largest trading partner in 2009.[4] [2] Former Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and many in the Brazilian media consider China to be "Brazil’s most promising business partner and a strategic ally" due to China's "rapidly rising demand for raw materials and agricultural produce".[5] Bilateral trade grew from US$ 6.7 billion in 2003 to US$ 36.7 billion in 2009.[6]
In 2010, despite the generally friendly and close relationship, Brazil was one of the few emerging economies to publicly criticise China's policy in relation to the so called Currency war. Brazil has called for China to allow a faster appreciation of her currency, which would help other countries to better compete against Chinese exports. Brazil also criticised US policy, saying both China and the US should seek to avoid escalating economic tension concerning trade and currency. [7] [8]
Timeline
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 | This section contains a list of miscellaneous information. (January 2011) |
In 1978, the two countries signed the Sino-Brazil Trade Agreement.
In 1979, the two countries signed the Sino-Brazil Maritime Transportation Agreement.
In 1982, the two countries signed the Agreement for Cooperation of Science and Technology.
In 1984, Brazilian President Joao Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo visited China.
In 1985, the two countries signed the Agreement for Cooperation of Culture and Education.
In 1990, the two countries signed the Agreement for Cooperation of Economy and Technology.
In 1994, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Chinese National People's Congress (NPC), Qiao Shi, visited Brazil.
In 1994, the two countries signed the Agreement for Cooperation on Peaceful Application of Outer Space Science and Technology.
In 1995, Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), Li Ruihuan, visited Brazil.
In 1995, Brazilian President Fernando Enrique Cardoso visited China.
In 1996, Chinese Premier Li Peng visited Brazil, and the two countries signed the Agreement on Maintenance of the Consulate-general of Brazil in Hong Kong.
In 2000, the two countries signed the Protocol for Cooperation on Space Science and Technology.
In 2001, Chinese President Jiang Zemin visited Brazil.
In May 2004, Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula Da Silva visited China
In April, 2010 the second BRIC summit was held in Brasilia.
See also
References
- ^ a b Some Recent Features of Brazil-China Economic Relations CEBC.org, April 2009
- ^ a b Jonathan Wheatley (2009-05-19). "Brazil and China cement ties". The Financial Times. Retrieved 2011-01-24.
- ^ By Jonathan Wheatley in Brasília and Jamil Anderlini,in Beijing (2010-04-16). "China and Brazil to boost co-operation". The Financial Times. Retrieved 2011-01-24.
- ^ Malcolm Moore, China overtakes the US as Brazil's largest trading partner, The Telegraph, 9 May 2009
- ^ Economic Relations between Brazil and China: A Difficult Partnership Friedrich Ebert Foundation, January 2006
- ^ In Brazil, Hu Jintao aims for bigger piece of Latin America trade Christian Science Monitor, 15 April 2010
- ^ Geoff Dyer (2010-04-10). "Brazil and India join renminbi call". The Financial Times. Retrieved 2011-01-24.
- ^ Jonathan Wheatley and Joe Leahy in São Paulo (2011-01-09). "Trade war looming, warns Brazil". The Financial Times. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
External links
- China to reinforce strategic partnership with Brazil: envoy People's Daily, 2 January 2011
- Bridging the Distance: Brazil and China Relations in the Age of Globalization International Studies Association May 6, 2009
- The Panda Hugs the Tucano: China’s Relations with Brazil The Jamestown Foundation, 15 May 2009
- Brazil's China Headache Council on Foreign Relations, 14 December 2009
- 'New Stage in Relations': China, Brazil to Build, Launch Earth Satellite Los Angeles Times, 8 July 2008
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