Amol
Amol
آمل Template:Fa icon | |
|---|---|
city | |
| Ancient names: Amard, Amardi, Amardian, Amui, Haft Shahr, Tabaristan, Amele, Amol | |
| File:Amol Select.JPG | |
| Country |  Iran |
| Province | Mazandaran |
| County | Amol |
| Bakhsh | Central |
| Incorporated (city) | 1923[1] |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Amir soleimani[1] |
| Area | |
| • city | 21 km2 (8 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 76 m (249 ft) |
| Population (2012) | |
| • city | 224,160 |
| • Density | 11,000/km2 (28,000/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 364,692 |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30 (IRST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+4:30 |
| Postal code | 46131-46391[2] |
| Area code | (+98) 11 |
| Website | amol.org.ir |
Amol (Persian: آمل – [ɒˈmol]; ; also Romanized as Āmol and Amul)[3] is a city in and the administrative center of Amol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, the population of the city proper was 197,470, in 55,183 families.[4]
Amol is located on the Haraz river bank. It is less than 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of the Caspian sea and less than 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the Alborz mountains. It is 180 kilometres (110 mi) from Tehran, and 60 kilometres (37 mi) west of the provincial administrative center, Sari.[3] Amol is an historical city, with it's age dating back to the Amard.
Etymology and History
Pre-Islamic
Pishdadian
Some historians in the past have associated this ancient city with the periods of the first Persian mythological dynasties of Aryan people, the Pishdadians and the Kianians.
Amard
Amol is an old city, with a history dating back to the Amards. Amards were the people inhabiting the area before the arrival of Aryans, who had migrated to and settled on the Iranian Plateau from the late 2nd millennium BCE to early 1st millennium BCE. Many scholars believe that the city's name is rooted in the word Amard (Amui in Pahlavi). According to historical literature, Amol was the capital of Mazandaran, at least in the period starting from Sassanid Empire to the Ilkhanate dynasty of Mongol Empire. Though they are a Median tribe, Herodotus names a tribe called Mardians as one of the ten to fifteen Persian tribes in Persis. It is now known that the only distinction between the Median Amardians and the Persian Mardians is the "A" in the beginning of Amardians, which would mean they are two different tribes.
Parthian Empire
Amol date due to a specific mythology date is marked in Iran is. Amol is an old city, with its age dating back to the Pishdadian, Amard and Parthian Empire. Amol at the time one of the centers Iran was.
Sassanian
According to historical literature, Amol was the capital of Mazandaran, at least in the period starting from the 3rd century CE under Sassanian Empire to the 13/14th century CE under the Ilkhanate dynasty of Mongol Empire.
Islam
Amol Amol In era Alid dynasties of northern Iran Iran and Marashis capital of Mazandaran was. The inhabitants of Amol embraced Islam during the reign of Mahdi (775–785 CE), the Abbasi Caliph, after which Islamic structures came into focus here. After the Mongol invasion, the region was subject to devastation and it was during this time that Sary was declared as capital. In the beginning of the 7th century AH (14th century CE), Hessam-edin Ardeshir, shifted the capital from Sary to Amol, and constructed his palace there. But in 795 AH (1392/1393 AD), the cities of Amol and Sary were plundered by Amir Teimoor Gurkani, and thereafter Amol suffered a setback. Today, Amol is a thriving modern metropolis.[5]
-
The extent of the Parthian Empire (shaded territory) -
-
Map of the Alavid emirate with Amol as their capital
Contemporary age
Amol figures in the Safavid and Qajar has been the and of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution movements between 1905 and 1911, which led to the establishment of a parliament in Iran. Molla Ali Kani, one Amoli reformists, who led people's had a great role in achievement to the goals of Iran's constitutional revolution.
Contemporary Events
The Jungle Uprising In 1982 Union of Iranian Communists (Sarbedaran) mobilized its forces to jungles around Amol and started some wars against Islamic Republic from there. It finally organized a famous uprising in 25 January 1982. This uprising led to a big failure and most of UIC (S) leaders were hanged but the uprising itself became very famous and is well respected between some Iranian Leftist organizations.
In literature
Name Amol has come up 16 times in Shahnameh. In the Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. The first mention is implicit, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Amol:
|
بیاراست گیتی بسان بهشت
|
Arash story of the Shahnameh:
|
از آن خوانند آرش را کمانگیر
|
Geography
Amol is located on the banks of Haraz River 26 25'N 52 21'E. at an altitude of 76 m above sea. It is about 18 km from the Caspian sea and about 10 km from the northern Alborz mountains. It is 180 km from the Iranian capital, Tehran, with a picturesque drive through Haraz Road. Sari, the capital of Mazandaran is 70 km east of Amol. Mount Damavand, 5610 m, the highest peak in the Middle East, is located south of Amol.
Events bitter Historical
- The war between the Sassanid dynasty and Iran's owners in Amol and Amol Gullies were completely destroyed.
- Flooding in Mount Dryouk, and the destruction of entire city.
- Dangerous diseases that plague the year 1198 AH
- Mongol invasion of Genghis Khan and his descendants to Tabarestan
- Amir Masoud attack in Amol
- Samanids attack on royan and Amol with Espahbodan
- Amir Timur war with the kings Marashis and killing people
- Shah Ismail and Shah Abbas Safavid wars attack the Amol and killing people
- Mohammad Khan Qajar attacked the larijan and Amol, killing people and destroy the city
Population
The population history of the city proper is as follows. All figures are official census figures from the Iranian Statistics Institute.[6]
| 1956 | 1966 | 1976 | 1986 | 1991 | 1996 | 2006 | 2012 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22,251 | 40,076 | 68,963 | 118,242 | 139,923 | 159,092 | 197,470 | 224,160 |
Breakdown of 2006 census:[4]
| Total | Male | Female | Family |
|---|---|---|---|
| 197,470 | 98,337 | 99,133 | 55,183 |
Language
Most Amoli people speak the Mazandarani language Tabari as a mother tongue. Persian is the most common language spoken in Iran.
Religion
At present, the majority of people are followers of Shia Islam.
Economy
Amol is the economic center of Mazandaran province. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland the. Industry Mineral water, meat, dairy, Wood and ingots the main production industrial are. Agriculture and Tourism are the basis economy Amol.
Culture
Amol is a center for Iranian culture and has produced a number of famous poets. Similar scholars political and philosopher. wool, felting, felt hat and mat weaving industry Cultural Amol is.
Historical and Tourist and Natural Attractions
- Damavand Mountain is a stratovolcano which is the highest peak in Iran and the Middle East. It has a special place in Persian mythology and folklore.
- Tomb of Mir Bozorg (Qavam al-Din Marashi Mausoleum[7]
- Naser-Ol-Hagh Mausoleum (Hasan al-Utrush Tomb tower)[8]
- Sayyid Haydar Amoli (Seyyed Setan Tomb tower)[9]
- Ashraf Bath [10]
- Amol Bazaar [11]
- Imamzadeh Abdollah [12]
- Ab Esk (Larijan) Thermal Springs [13]
- Moalagh Bridge
- Yakhi Waterfall
- Davazdah Cheshmeh (Davazdah Pelleh Bridge)
- Imamzadeh Ibrahim
- Malek Bahman Castle
- Shekl-e-Shah
- Mirza Koochak khan Natural Park (Haraz)
- Dehkade Talaei Park
- Mosque Jame
- Agha Abbas Mosque
- Waterfall Shahandasht
- Waterfall Deryook
- Bath Shah Abbasi
- The Sasanian Road
- Lar Dam
- Sangi Bridge Polour
- Saghanefar Hendoukola
- Altar Amol (Atashkadeh Amol)
- Tomb of Sultan Shahabuddin
- Heshtl Tower
- Village and forest Blairan and Alimastan
- Gole Zard Cave
- Inn Kemboja
- Home Manochehri
- Imam Hassan Askari Mosque
- Ghadamgah Khezr Nabi
- Ceremony of Aask
- Amol Historical Museum
- Mohammad Taher Shrine[14]
Climate
Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot-summer Mediterranean (Csa).[15]
| Climate data for Amol | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 13.1 (55.6) |
12.5 (54.5) |
12.4 (54.3) |
16.2 (61.2) |
23.7 (74.7) |
27.7 (81.9) |
28.7 (83.7) |
30.3 (86.5) |
25.9 (78.6) |
23.2 (73.8) |
18.9 (66.0) |
15.1 (59.2) |
20.6 (69.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 8.7 (47.7) |
8.1 (46.6) |
8.2 (46.8) |
11.9 (53.4) |
19.1 (66.4) |
21.9 (71.4) |
24 (75) |
25.4 (77.7) |
21.1 (70.0) |
18.4 (65.1) |
13.8 (56.8) |
10.2 (50.4) |
15.9 (60.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4.4 (39.9) |
3.8 (38.8) |
4 (39) |
7.7 (45.9) |
14.6 (58.3) |
16.2 (61.2) |
19.3 (66.7) |
20.6 (69.1) |
16.3 (61.3) |
13.6 (56.5) |
8.7 (47.7) |
5.4 (41.7) |
11.2 (52.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 96 (3.8) |
80 (3.1) |
74 (2.9) |
69 (2.7) |
31 (1.2) |
27 (1.1) |
27 (1.1) |
36 (1.4) |
87 (3.4) |
97 (3.8) |
97 (3.8) |
108 (4.3) |
829 (32.6) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org, altitude: 96m[15] | |||||||||||||
Transportation
Haraz Road: Road 77 is the most important road from Tehran to northern Iran (province of Mazandaran) besidesKaraj-Chaloos. This road passes from the valley of Haraz river and therefore is also known as Haraz Road between Amol and Rudehen. Haraz road is the nearest road to Mount Damavand, the highest peak in Iran and Middle East. Lar National Park is accessible via this road. The road is the shortest route from Tehran to the north ( 180 km) and in recent years some parts of the road has been widened and the safety has been improved.
Notable people
- Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (839-923) - Historian
- Arash the Archer - Legendary hero
- Ali Larijani (b. 1958) - Politician
- Omar Tiberiades (8th century) - Medieval astrologer
- Abdollah Javadi-Amoli (b. 1933) - Cleric
- Hassan Hasanzadeh Amoli - Philosopher and theologian
- Sahl Ibn Bishr (9th century) - Jewish astrologer
- Ali ibn Sahl Rabban Tabari (9th century) - Medieval physician
- Abu-Sahl Quhi (10th century) - Medieval astronomer and physicist
- Abolhassan Tabari (10th century) - Medieval physician
- Taleb Amoli (b.7th century) - Persian poet
- Hossein ibn Ebrahim Tabari (10th century) - Medieval physician
- Abdol-Qader Gilani (1078-1166) - sufi leader
- Fakhr ad-Din ar-Razi (1149-1209) - Theologian and philosopher
- Ibn Isfandiyar (13th century) - Historian
- Seyyed Hayder Amoli (1319-1385) - Shi'ite mystic and Sufi leader
- Mohammad ibn Mahmud Amoli (14th century) - Medieval physician
- Mohammad-Ali Mirza Dowlatshah (1789-1821) - Qajar Prince
- Abbas Mirza (1789-1833) - Qajar crown prince of Persia
- Mohammad-Taqi Amoli (1887-1971) - cleric
- Hashem Amoli (1899-1993) - Cleric
- Iskandar-i Shaykhi (14th century) - Afrasiyab dynasty Ruler
- Gholam-Hossein Banan (1911-1986) - Singer
- Mohammad-Taqi Daneshpajouh (1911-1996) - Scholar
- Yaḥya ibn Abi Manṣur (832) - Astronomy
- Muḥammad ibn Ayyub al‐Hasib al-Tabari (1092–1108) - Astronomy
- Mohammad Mansoornejad (b. 1961) - Philosophy
- Abdolhossein Navaei (1923-2004) - Historian
- Sayyed Zahiruddin Marashi (1413-1488) - Historian
- Sheikh Khalifa Mazandarani - Sarbadars leader
- Abu'l-Abbas Qassab Amuli - Mystic
- Molla Ali Kani (1267-1306) - Learned
- Moshir al-Saltaneh (1260-1337) - Prime minister
- Siraj al-Din Qumri (b. 1368) Persian poet
- Farhang Sharif (b. 1931) - Musician
- Iraj Malekpour (b.1941) - Physicist
- Mohammad-Javad Larijani (b. 1951) - Politician
- Al-Lalika'i (14th century) - Mufti
- Fatemeh Javadi (b. 1959) - Politician
- Sadeq Larijani (b. 1960) - Cleric and Politician
- Bagher Larijani (b. 1961) - Physician
- Akbar Mohammadi (1972-2006) - Political activist
- Ghasem Rezaei (b. 1985) - Wrestler
- Adel Gholami (b. 1986) - Volleyball player
- Narjes Emamgholinejad (b. 1984) - Shooting
- Mohammad Ali Sajjadi (b. 1957) - Director
Science
Amol and the old part of town is the first of the four towns that populate the world in which there is Nezamiyeh. In the 5th century AH, Nizam al-Mulk, in his famous book named "Seer-ul-moluok", recommended creation of modern institutions by the name of Nezamiah with academic status in the big famous cities of Islamic world as Balkh, Baghdad, Damascus, Neishabour, and Bukhara. The name of Amol was also included among them.Most of Allameh the scientific world are born in this city and the cultural capital of the world is Amol.Gold and copper have been expensive and time-old Amol, Amol has been the commercial center Iran.
Higher education
Amol has three universities:
- Amol University of Special Modern Technologies the first and only state University of Amol www.ausmt.ac.ir
- Islamic Azad University of Amol International University The big University Middle East
- Shomal University Most of the Middle East
- Haraz University of Amol[16]
- Amol.ac[17]
- Mazandaran 5[18]
- Green University[19]
- PNU Amol[20]
- Sama College[21]
- Doctor College[22]
- INSTITO Pasteur D, Iran of Amol[23]
- Samangan institute[24]
Some famous companies
- Garma Electric Garma Electric is a Persian E.P.C company.
- DESA (company) Iran Heavy Diesel Manufacturing Company DESA.
- Kalleh Company[25]
- FZ.CO Iran[26]
- Iranian Money Printing T A K A B[27]
- Broiler Production Integration[28]
- Abeskoon[29]
- NASAJI Babakan[30]
- Tanbaco Khazar[31]
- Polur Mineral Water Mazandaran[32]
- Nestle IRAN of the Amol[33]
As the administrative center of Amol county
Amol is the administrative center of Amol county. Template:Amol County administrative divisions
Sport
Kalleh is a volleyball club based in Amol, Asian champions, currently competing in the highest tier of the Iranian volleyball classification, the Iranian Volleyball Super League. Kaleh also has a basketball team named Kalleh Basketball.
Wrestling and volleyball
Amol is the birthplace of many popular Wrestlers and Volleyball athletes.
Notable wrestlers from Amol include Ghasem Rezaei (Olympic gold medalist), Ali Akbari, Mohsen Hajipour, Nahavandian and in volleyball, Behroz Ataei, Alireza Jadidi, Reza Ghara, Khowrasani, Adel Gholami, Khosro Ghobadi, Shah Gholam and Heshmat Omidi.
Hotels
- Municipality Hotel (Hotel Shahr)
- Space Hotel
- Lutos Hotel
- Larijan Hotel
- Sadaf Hotel
Sister cities
References
- ^ a b Official website
- ^ Iran Post Website. Postcode.post.ir (2011-07-11). Retrieved on 2012-03-01.
- ^ a b Amol can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3053090" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
- ^ a b "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)" (Excel). Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original on 2011-09-20.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
chnpress1was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Iran Statistics Institute". Retrieved 1 June 2012.
- ^ [1] [dead link]
- ^ [2] [dead link]
- ^ [3] [dead link]
- ^ [4]
- ^ [5]
- ^ [6]
- ^ [7]
- ^ [8] [dead link]
- ^ a b "Climate: Amol - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 9 September 2013.
- ^ harazuniversity.ir
- ^ موسسه آموزش عالی آمل – صفحه اصلی. Amol.ac.ir. Retrieved on 2012-03-01.
- ^ دانشگاه علمي كاربردي واحد 5 مازندارن – آمل. Uast-amol.ac.ir. Retrieved on 2012-03-01.
- ^ موسسه آموزش عالی سبز. Sabz.ac.ir. Retrieved on 2012-03-01.
- ^ "دانشگاه پیام نور مرکز آمل". Pnuamol.ac.ir. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
- ^ دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی – آموزشکده فنی و حرفه ای سما واحد آیت اله آملی. Amol-samacollege.ir. Retrieved on 2012-03-01.
- ^ amol.mubabol.ac.ir
- ^ Institut pasteur d'Iran. Pasteur.ac.ir. Retrieved on 2012-03-01.
- ^ "موسسه آموزش عالی غیرانتفاعی سمنگان". Samangan.ac.ir. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
- ^ About Us. Dairy.kalleh.com. Retrieved on 2012-03-01.
- ^ شرکت فولادین ذوب آمل – فذا. Fzaco.com. Retrieved on 2012-03-01.
- ^ "كارخانه توليد كاغذ اسناد بهادار". Cbi.ir. Retrieved 2012-03-01.
- ^ "Zarbal". Zarbal.com. Retrieved 2012-03-01.
- ^ "صنایع آلومینیوم آبسکون". Abeskoon.ir. Retrieved 2012-03-01.
- ^ nassajibabakan.ir
- ^ tanbaco.uc.ir
- ^ POLUR. Polurco.com. Retrieved on 2012-03-01.
- ^ "Home Nestlé Iran". Nestle.ir. Retrieved 2012-03-01.
External links
| History of Iran |
|---|
 |
Timeline Iran portal |
- Tourismo Amol
- chnpress.com
- lovelyiran.com
- itto.org
- parrpirar.org
- Yourwonder Amol
- Amol Chto
- Amol DataBase
- english.irib.ir
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