Railway speed record
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![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/TGV_World_Speed_Record_574_km_per_hour.jpg/220px-TGV_World_Speed_Record_574_km_per_hour.jpg)
The world record for a conventional wheeled passenger train is held by France's TGV (Train à Grande Vitesse), set in 2007 when it reached 574.8 km/h (357.2 mph) on a 140 km section of track.[1]
Japan's experimental maglev train L0 Series achieved 603 km/h (375 mph) on a 42.8 km magnetic levitation track in 2015.[2]
World speed records
Legend :
- Arr (Arrangement) : Disposition and number of elements forming the train.
- Loc (One locomotive pulling one or more cars)
- Multi (Multi Motorized Elements)
- Single (Single rail vehicle).
- Power: DC, DC 3rd rail, AC, Single phase, Triphase, Diesel-elec., Gas, Steam, Diesel-hydraulic, Propeller, Rocket, Jet.
- State: "Proto." (Prototype), "Unmod." (Unmodified from vehicles in service), "unknown" (Unknown), "Tuned"
All passenger trains
The following is a complete list of absolute world speed records for all trains designed to carry passengers, regardless of gauge, propulsion or type of rail,
Speed | Date | Line | Country | Train | Arr | Power | State | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
603 km/h (375 mph) | 2015-04-21 | Yamanashi Test Track | Japan | L0 Series | Multi | AC (Maglev) | Proto. | Seven-car train set, manned[2] |
590 km/h (367 mph) | 2015-04-16 | Yamanashi Test Track | Japan | L0 Series | Multi | AC (Maglev) | Proto. | Seven-car train set, manned[3] |
581 km/h (361 mph) | 2003-12-02 | Yamanashi Test Track | Japan | MLX01 | Multi | AC (Maglev) | Proto. | Three-car train set. Guinness Book of Records authenticated.[4] |
574.8 km/h (357 mph) | 2007-04-03 | LGV Est | France | SNCF TGV POS Set No. 4402 | Multi | AC | Tuned | Set formed of 2 power cars + 3 trailers.[5] Current world record on steel rails. |
552 km/h (343 mph) | 1999-04-14 | Yamanashi Test Track | Japan | MLX01 | Multi | AC (Maglev) | Proto. | Five-car train set. Guinness Book of Records authenticated.[citation needed] |
550 km/h (342 mph) | 1997-12-24 | Yamanashi Test Track | Japan | MLX01 | Multi | AC (Maglev) | Proto. | Three-car train set.[citation needed] |
517 km/h (321 mph) | 1979-12-21 | Miyazaki Test Track | Japan | ML-500R | Multi | AC (Maglev) | Proto. | [citation needed] |
515.3 km/h (320 mph) | 1990-05-18 | LGV Atlantique | France | SNCF TGV Atlantique Set No. 325 | Multi | AC | Tuned | Set formed of 2 power cars + 3 trailers.[citation needed] |
504 km/h (313 mph) | 1979-12-12 | Miyazaki Test Track | Japan | ML-500R | Multi | AC (Maglev) | Proto. | [citation needed] |
501 km/h (311 mph) | 2003-11-12 | Shanghai Maglev Train | China | Transrapid SMT | Multi | AC (Maglev) | Unmod. | Recorded in 2003 at a test run before the commercial operation in 2004[6] |
487.3 km/h (303 mph) | 2010-12-03 | Beijing–Shanghai HSR | China | CRH380BL | Multi | Single phase | Unmod. | 16-car trainset[7] |
486.1 km/h (302 mph) | 2010-12-03 | Beijing–Shanghai HSR | China | CRH380AL | Multi | Single phase | Unmod. | 16-car trainset, near Sùzhōu [8] |
482.4 km/h (300 mph) | 1989-12-05 | LGV Atlantique | France | SNCF TGV Atlantique Set No. 325 | Multi | AC | Tuned | Set formed of 2 power cars + 3 trailers.[citation needed] |
443.0 km/h (275 mph) | 1996-07-26 | Tōkaidō Shinkansen | Japan | Class 955 Shinkansen | Multi | AC | Proto | [citation needed] |
425.0 km/h (264 mph) | 1993-12-21 | Jōetsu Shinkansen | Japan | Class 952/953 Shinkansen | Multi | AC | Proto | [citation needed] |
421.4 km/h (262 mph) | 2013-03-28 | Gyeongbu high-speed railway | South Korea | Hyundai Rotem HEMU-430X | Multi | AC | Proto | six-car train set. maximum speed test. |
411.5 km/h (256 mph) | 1974-08-14 | High Speed Ground Test Center | US | LIMRV [9] | Loc | Gas turbine | Proto | |
406.9 km/h (253 mph) | 1988-05-01 | Hanover-Würzburg HSR | West Germany | InterCityExperimental (ICE-V) | Multi | AC | Proto. | [citation needed] |
393.8 km/h (245 mph) | 2016-02-26 | AV Milano-Torino | Italy | ETR 1000 | Multi | AC | Unmod. | |
380 km/h (236 mph) | 1981-02-26 | LGV Sud-Est | France | SNCF TGV Sud-Est Set No. 16 | Multi | AC | Tuned | [citation needed] |
362 km/h (225 mph) | 2009-02-04 | Monte Bibele tunnel (Bologna-Firenze HSL) | Italy | ETR 500-Y | Multi | AC | Tuned | World record in tunnel.[10] |
331 km/h (206 mph) | 1955-03-29 | "Les Landes", between Bordeaux and Dax | France | Jeumont-Schneider BB 9004 | Loc | DC | Tuned | Pulling 3 cars. Train was specially modified for the test. The track was badly damaged by the test.[11][12] |
320.6 km/h (199 mph) | 1955-03-28 | "Les Landes", between Bordeaux and Dax | France | Alsthom CC 7107 | Loc | DC | Tuned | [citation needed] |
275 km/h (171 mph) | 1967-12-20 | Northeast Corridor between Trenton and New Brunswick, New Jersey | US | UAC TurboTrain | GTEL | -- | Unmod. | -- |
253.2 km/h (157 mph) | 1977-11-21 | Krauss-Maffei's plant in Munich - Allach | West Germany | Transrapid 04 | Multi | AC (Maglev) | Proto. | [citation needed] |
250 km/h (155 mph) | 1973 | Krauss-Maffei's plant in Munich - Allach | West Germany | Transrapid 04 | Multi | AC (Maglev) | Proto. | [citation needed] |
245 km/h (152 mph) | 1980 | Rosslyn to De Wildt South Africa | South Africa | South African Class 6E | Loc | DC | Proto. | High speed pantographs was tested for British rail on locomotive number E1525. The idea was abandoned thereafter. |
243 km/h (151 mph) | 1954-02-21 | Between Dijon and Beaune | France | Alsthom CC 7121 | Loc | DC | Unmod. | [citation needed] |
215 km/h (134 mph) | 1939-06-23 | Germany | DRG SVT 137 155 (Kruckenberg) | Multi | Diesel-hydraulic | Unmod. | [citation needed] | |
205 km/h (127 mph) | 1936-02-17 | Germany | DRG SVT 137 233-234 "Bauart Leipzig" | Multi | Diesel-elec | Unmod. | First diesel train faster than 200 km/h (124 mph)[13][14] } | |
203 km/h (126 mph) | 1938-20-07 | Bologna-Milano line between Pontenure and Piacenza | Italy | FS Class ETR 200 | Loc | DC | Unmod. | |
202.58 km/h (126 mph) | 1938-03-07 | East Coast Main Line between Peterborough and Grantham | UK | LNER Class A4 4468 Mallard | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | Authenticated speed. World Steam Speed Record Holder to this day. |
177 km/h (110 mph) | 1945-3-30 | Fort Wayne Line | US | Pennsylvania Railroad Class S2 #6200 | Loc | Steam Turbine | Unmod. | During a test run officially arranged by PRR on 30 March 1945, S2 #6200 with a dynamometer car towed, was able to pull a 17-car train over a distance of 48 kilometers at a speed of 110 mph (180 km/h) between Fort Wayne and Chicago. Ernest F G Cox, a British locomotive engineer, once travelled on the footplate and reported that "100mph was maintained and exceeded for 12 consecutive minutes". [citation needed] |
168.5 km/h (105 mph) | 1934-11-30 | East Coast Main Line near Essendine | UK | LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | First authenticated run at over 100 mph with complete, surviving documentation.[citation needed] |
166.6 km/h (104 mph) | 1934-07-20 | US | Milwaukee Road class F6 #6402 | Loc | Steam | Unmod | A point between Oakwood, Illinois and Lake, Wisconsin. Also averaged 75.5 mph (122 km/h) on 85 miles (137 km) from Chicago, Illinois to Milwaukee, and 89.92 mph (145 km/h) for a 68.9 miles (110.9 km) stretch[15] | |
164 km/h (102 mph) | 1971-10 | Krauss-Maffei's plant in Munich - Allach | West Germany | Transrapid 02 | Single | AC (Maglev) | Proto. | 930 m test track which included one curve.[citation needed] |
161 km/h (100 mph) | 1934-11-30 | East Coast Main Line | UK | LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | In 1934, Flying Scotsman achieved the first authenticated 100 mph (161 km/h) by a steam locomotive.[16] |
131.6 km/h (82 mph) | 1854-06 | UK | Bristol & Exeter Railway #41 | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | Broad gauge[citation needed] Last land speed record held by rail vehicles. | |
125.6 km/h (78 mph) | 1850 | UK | Great Britain | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | 80 mph (129 km/h) claimed[by whom?][citation needed] | |
96.6 km/h (60 mph) | 1848 | US | Boston and Maine Railroad Antelope | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | First authenticated 60 mph (97 km/h),26 miles (42 km) in 26 minutes.[citation needed] | |
90 km/h (56 mph) | 1971-05-06 | MBB's Ottobrunn factory | West Germany | MBB Prinzipfahrzeug | Single | AC | Proto. | 660 m test track. Near Munich. MBB: Messerschmidt-Bölkow-Blohm, Prinzipfahrzeug: Principle vehicle.[citation needed] |
48 km/h (30 mph) | 1830 | Liverpool and Manchester Railway | UK | Stephenson's Rocket | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | [citation needed] |
46 km/h (29 mph) | 1829 | Rainhill Trials | UK | Stephenson's Rocket | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | [17] |
24 km/h (15 mph) | 1825 | UK | Locomotion No. 1 | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | [citation needed] | |
8 km/h (5 mph) | 1804-02-21 | UK | Richard Trevithick's world's first railway steam locomotive | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | [citation needed] |
Conventional wheeled
The following is a list of verified absolute world speed records for conventional wheeled rail vehicles.
Speed | Date | Line | Country | Train | Arr. | Power | State | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
574.8 km/h (357 mph) | 2007-04-03 | LGV Est | France | SNCF TGV POS Set No. 4402 | Multi | AC | Tuned | Set formed of 2 power cars + 3 trailers.[5] Current world record on steel rails. |
515.3 km/h (320 mph) | 1990-05-18 | LGV Atlantique | France | SNCF TGV Atlantique Set No. 325 | Multi | AC | Tuned | Set formed of 2 power cars + 3 trailers.[citation needed] |
487.3 km/h (303 mph) | 2010-12-03 | Beijing–Shanghai HSR | China | CRH380BL | Multi | Single phase | Unmod. | 16-car trainset[18] |
486.1 km/h (302 mph) | 2010-12-03 | Beijing–Shanghai HSR | China | CRH380AL | Multi | Single phase | Unmod. | 16-car trainset, near Sùzhōu [19] |
482.4 km/h (300 mph) | 1989-12-05 | LGV Atlantique | France | SNCF TGV Atlantique Set No. 325 | Multi | AC | Tuned | Set formed of 2 power cars + 3 trailers.[citation needed] |
443.0 km/h (275 mph) | 1996-07-26 | Tōkaidō Shinkansen | Japan | Class 955 Shinkansen | Multi | AC | Proto | [citation needed] |
425.0 km/h (264 mph) | 1993-12-21 | Jōetsu Shinkansen | Japan | Class 952/953 Shinkansen | Multi | AC | Proto | [citation needed] |
406.9 km/h (253 mph) | 1988-05-01 | Hanover-Würzburg HSR | West Germany | InterCityExperimental (ICE-V) | Multi | AC | Proto. | [citation needed] |
380 km/h (236 mph) | 1981-02-26 | LGV Sud-Est | France | SNCF TGV Sud-Est Set No. 16 | Multi | AC | Tuned | [citation needed] |
331 km/h (206 mph) | 1955-03-29 | "Les Landes", between Bordeaux and Dax | France | Jeumont-Schneider BB 9004 | Loc | DC | Tuned | Pulling 3 cars. Train was specially modified for the test. The track was badly damaged by the test.[11][12] |
320.6 km/h (199 mph) | 1955-03-28 | "Les Landes", between Bordeaux and Dax | France | Alsthom CC 7107 | Loc | DC | Tuned | [citation needed] |
243 km/h (151 mph) | 1954-02-21 | Between Dijon and Beaune | France | Alsthom CC 7121 | Loc | DC | Unmod. | [citation needed] |
202.6 km/h (126 mph) | 1938-07-03 | UK | LNER Class A4 No. 4468 Mallard | Loc | Steam | unknown | [20][21] Downhill grade. Data indicates peak speed 202.6 km/h (126 mph), mean speed (half-mile) 201.2 km/h (125 mph). Mallard suffered an overheated crankpin during the run, but was repaired and returned to traffic within 9 days.[22] This is the standing record for a steam locomotoive. | |
215 km/h (134 mph) | 1939-06-23 | Germany | DRG SVT 137 155 (Kruckenberg) | Multi | Diesel-hydraulic | Unmod. | [citation needed] | |
213 km/h (132 mph) | 2018-09-08 | Greece | FS ETR 485 (Pendolino) | Multi | Electric | Unknown | [citation needed] | |
205 km/h (127 mph) | 1936-02-17 | Germany | DRG SVT 137 "Bauart Leipzig" | Multi | Diesel-elec | Unmod. | First diesel train faster than 200 km/h (124 mph)[citation needed] | |
180.3 km/h (112 mph) | 1935-09-29 | East Coast Main Line between Biggleswade and Sandy | UK | LNER Class A4 2509 Silver Link | Loc | Steam | unknown | Authenticated speed. Some sources say 112.5 mph.[citation needed] |
168.5 km/h (105 mph) | 1935-03-05 | East Coast Main Line near Essendine | UK | LNER Class A3 No. 2750 Papyrus | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | First authenticated run at over 100 mph with complete, surviving documentation.[citation needed] |
166.6 km/h (104 mph) | 1934-07-20 | US | Milwaukee Road class F6 #6402 | Loc | Steam | Unmod | A point between Oakwood, Illinois and Lake, Wisconsin. Also averaged 75.5 mph (122 km/h) on 85 miles (137 km) from Chicago, Illinois to Milwaukee, and 89.92 mph (145 km/h) for a 68.9 miles (110.9 km) stretch[15] | |
161 km/h (100 mph) | 1934-11-30 | East Coast Main Line | UK | LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | In 1934, Flying Scotsman achieved the first authenticated 100 mph (161 km/h) by a steam locomotive.[16] |
131.6 km/h (82 mph) | 1854-06 | UK | Bristol & Exeter Railway #41 | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | Broad gauge[citation needed] | |
125.6 km/h (78 mph) | 1850 | UK | Great Britain | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | 80 mph (129 km/h) claimed[by whom?][citation needed] | |
96.6 km/h (60 mph) | 1848 | US | Boston and Maine Railroad Antelope | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | First authenticated 60 mph (97 km/h),26 miles (42 km) in 26 minutes.[citation needed] | |
48 km/h (30 mph) | 1830 | Liverpool and Manchester Railway | UK | Stephenson's Rocket | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | [citation needed] |
46 km/h (29 mph) | 1829 | Rainhill Trials | UK | Stephenson's Rocket | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | [17] |
24 km/h (15 mph) | 1825 | UK | Locomotion No. 1 | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | [citation needed] | |
8 km/h (5 mph) | 1804-02-21 | UK | Richard Trevithick's world's first railway steam locomotive | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | [citation needed] |
Electric
The following is a list of speed records for rail vehicles with electric traction motors and powered by electricity transferred to the train.
Speed | Date | Line | Country | Train | Arr. | Power | State | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
574.8 km/h (357 mph) | 2007-04-03 | LGV Est | France | SNCF TGV POS Set No. 4402 | Multi | Single phase | Tuned | Set formed of 2 power cars + 3 trailers.[5] Current world record. |
515.3 km/h (320 mph) | 1990-05-18 | LGV Atlantique | France | SNCF TGV Atlantique Set No. 325 | Multi | Single phase | Tuned | Set formed of 2 power cars + 3 trailers.[citation needed] |
487.3 km/h (303 mph) | 2010-12-03 | Beijing–Shanghai HSR | China | CRH380BL | Multi | Single phase | Unmod. | 16-car trainset[23] |
486.1 km/h (302 mph) | 2010-12-03 | Beijing–Shanghai HSR | China | CRH380AL | Multi | Single phase | Unmod. | 16-car trainset, near Sùzhōu [24] |
482.4 km/h (300 mph) | 1989-12-05 | LGV Atlantique | France | SNCF TGV Atlantique Set No. 325|- | Multi | Single phase | Tuned | Set formed of 2 power cars + 3 trailers.[citation needed] |
443.0 km/h (275 mph) | 1996-07-26 | Tōkaidō Shinkansen | Japan | Class 955 Shinkansen | Multi | Single phase | Proto | |
425.0 km/h (264 mph) | 1993-12-21 | Jōetsu Shinkansen | Japan | Class 952/953 Shinkansen | Multi | Single phase | Proto | |
421.4 km/h (262 mph) | 2013-03-28 | Gyeongbu high-speed railway | South Korea | Hyundai Rotem HEMU-430X | Multi | Single phase | Proto | six-car train set. maximum speed test. |
416.6 km/h (259 mph) | 2010-09-28 | Shanghai–Hangzhou HSR | China | CRH380A | Multi | Single phase | Unmod. | [25] |
408.4 km/h (254 mph) | 1988-12-12 | LGV Sud-Est | France | SNCF TGV Sud-Est Set No. 88 | Multi | Single phase | Tuned | [citation needed] |
406.9 km/h (253 mph) | 1988-05-01 | Hanover-Würzburg HSR | West Germany | InterCityExperimental (ICE-V) | Multi | Single phase | Proto. | [citation needed] |
403.7 km/h (251 mph) | 2006-07-15 | Guadalajara-Calatayud, | Spain | Siemens Velaro E (AVE S-103) | Multi | Single phase | Unmod. | 15–16 July [26][27] |
380 km/h (236 mph) | 1981-02-26 | LGV Sud-Est | France | SNCF TGV Sud-Est Set No. 16 | Multi | Single phase | Tuned | [citation needed] |
362 km/h (225 mph) | 2009-02-03 | Bologna–Florence high-speed railway | Italy | ETR 500 Y1 | Multi | Single phase | Tuned | Indoor Italian speed record, in the Monte Bibele tunnel on the high speed line between Florence and Bologna.[28][29] |
357 km/h (222 mph) | 2006-09-02 | Nuremberg-Munich high-speed rail line | Germany | Siemens EuroSprinter ES64U4 No. 1216 050-5 | Loc | Single phase | Unmod. | On Nuremberg-Munich high-speed rail line, locomotive owned by ÖBB, pulling one car.[11][30] |
331 km/h (206 mph) | 1955-03-29 | "Les Landes", between Bordeaux and Dax | France | Jeumont-Schneider BB 9004 | Loc | DC | Tuned | Pulling 3 cars. Train was specially modified for the test. The track was badly damaged by the test.[11][12] |
320.6 km/h (199 mph) | 1955-03-28 | "Les Landes", between Bordeaux and Dax | France | Alstom CC 7107 | Loc | DC | Tuned | [citation needed] |
319 km/h (198 mph) | 1979-12-07 | Oyama test track | Japan | Class 961 Shinkansen | Multi | Single phase | Proto. | test track, now part of Tōhoku Shinkansen[31] |
286 km/h (178 mph) | 1972-02-24 | Sanyō Shinkansen | Japan | Class 951 Shinkansen | Multi | Single phase | Proto. | [31] |
256 km/h (159 mph) | 1963-03-30 | Odawara test track | Japan | Class 1000 Shinkansen | Multi | Single phase | Proto. | Test track now part of Tōkaidō Shinkansen[31] |
243 km/h (151 mph) | 1954-02-21 | Between Dijon and Beaune | France | Alstom CC 7121 | Loc | DC | Unmod. | [citation needed] |
210.2 km/h (131 mph) | 1903-10-28 | Royal Prussian Military Railway between Marienfelde and Zossen | Germany | AEG Experimental three-phase railcar | Multi | Triphase | Proto. | Many sources say 27 October.[32][33][34] |
203 km/h (126 mph) | 1939-20-07 | Florence–Bologna "direttissima" and Bologna-Milan lines | Italy | ETR 200 | Multi | DC | Unmod. | Record average speed between Bologna and Milan[35] |
203 km/h (126 mph) | 1903-10-06 | Royal Prussian Military Railway between Marienfelde and Zossen | Germany | Siemens & Halske Experimental three-phase railcar | Multi | Triphase | Proto. | Some sources say 7 October, others say 200.99 km/h (125 mph) or an improbable 231 km/h (144 mph).[32][36][37] |
174 km/h (108 mph) | 1988-04-11 | South Western Main Line | UK | Class 442 (Wessex Electric) unit 2401 | Multi | DC 3rd rail | Unmod. | [citation needed] |
162.5 km/h (101 mph) | 1901 | Royal Prussian Military Railway between Marienfelde and Zossen | Germany | Siemens & Halske Experimental three-phase railcar | Multi | Triphase | Proto. | Some sources say 160 km/h (99 mph) or 162 km/h (101 mph).[38] |
Fuel-electric
The following is a list of speed records for rail vehicles with on-board fuel to generate electricity for traction motors such as diesel-electric locomotive, diesel electric multiple unit and gas turbine-electric locomotive trains.
Speed | Date | Line | Country | Train | Arr. | Power | State | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
318 km/h (198 mph) | 1972-12-08 | France | TGV 001 prototype | Multi | Gas | Proto. | [citation needed] | |
271 km/h (168 mph) | 1993-10-05 | Saint Petersburg — Moscow | Russia | TEP80 | Multi | Diesel-elec | Proto. | Claimed,[39] but no verification from an independent witness[40] |
256.38 km/h (159 mph) | 2002-06-12 | Spain | Talgo XXI | Multi | Diesel-elec | Proto. | Claimed by Spanish manufacturer[citation needed] | |
238 km/h (148 mph) | 1987-11-01 | East Coast Main Line | UK | Class 43 (HST) | Multi | Diesel-elec | Modified | Current official diesel speed record listed in 2006 Guinness Book of Records[41] |
230.4 km/h (143 mph) | 1973-06-12 | East Coast Main Line | UK | HST prototype | Multi | Diesel-elec | Proto. | [42] |
205 km/h (127 mph) | 1936-02-17 | Germany | DRG SVT 137 233-234 "Bauart Leipzig" | Multi | Diesel-elec | Unmod. | World speed record. First diesel train faster than 200 km/h (124 mph)[13][14] | |
181 km/h (112 mph) | 1934-05-26 | US | Pioneer Zephyr | Loc | Diesel-elec | Unmod. | [citation needed] |
Fuel-mechanic
The following is a list of speed records for rail vehicles with on-board fuel to mechanical energy to drive vehicle's wheels such as diesel-hydraulic trains and gas turbine locomotive trains that use mechanical transmission to power the drive wheels.
Speed | Date | Line | Country | Train | Arr. | Power | State | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
275 km/h (171 mph) | 1967-12-20 | Northeast Corridor | US | UAC TurboTrain | Multi | Gas | unknown | [43] |
230 km/h (143 mph) | 1978-05-04 | Alcázar de San Juan - Rio Záncara | Spain | RENFE Class 353 | Single | Diesel-hydraulic | Unmod. | [citation needed] |
215 km/h (134 mph) | 1939-06-23 | Germany | DRG SVT 137 155 (Kruckenberg) | Multi | Diesel-hydraulic | Unmod. | [citation needed] |
Steam
The following is a list of speed records for steam locomotives.
Note: All records with a faster speed than 202.6 km/h (126 mph) (the record set by Mallard) are claimed and have not been officially verified.
Speed | Date | Line | Country | Train | Arr. | Power | State | Comments | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
251 km/h (156 mph) | 1945 | Fort Wayne Line | US | Pennsylvania Railroad Class S1 #6100 | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | Claimed. The locomotive was claimed to have exceeded 156 mph (251 km/h) on the Fort Wayne-Chicago run, as it was reported that the PRR received a fine for the feat. An article "Riding the Gargantua of the Rails" in the Dec 1941 Popular Mechanics Magazine cites a speed of 133.4 miles per hour (214.7 km/h).[44] In the German trade press and literature from 1945 there was a report of a record run of the S1, citing railroad officials that a speed of 141 mph (227 km/h) had been reached. [citation needed] | |
225 km/h (140 mph) | 1948 | US | Pennsylvania Railroad Class T1 | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | Claimed. A technician charged with determining the cause of frequent poppet valve failures on the T1s claimed to have observed them being operated at speeds of up to 140 mph (225 km/h) to make up time. [citation needed] | ||
202.6 km/h (126 mph) | 1938-07-03 | East Coast Main Line | UK | LNER Class A4 No. 4468 Mallard | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | [45][21] Downhill grade. Data indicates peak speed 202.6 km/h (126 mph), mean speed (half-mile) 201.2 km/h (125 mph). Mallard suffered an overheated center big end bearing (or crankpin) during the run, but was repaired and returned to traffic within 9 days.[22] Mallard's record is the standing world speed record for a steam locomotive. | |
200.4 km/h (125 mph) | 1936-05-11 | Germany | Borsig DRG series 05 002 | Loc | Steam | unknown | Level grade.[46] | ||
185.07 km/h (115 mph) | 1905-06-11 | US | Pennsylvania Railroad E2 #7002 | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | Claimed. Clocked at Crestline, Ohio at 127.1 mph (205 km/h) in 1905. However PRR Steam Locomotives did not carry speedometers at that time, speed was calculated by measuring time between mile markers, so this is not recognized as a speed record.[citation needed] | ||
182.4 km/h (113 mph) | 1972-10-11 | Germany | BR 18 201 | Loc | Steam | expired | The fastest operational steam locomotive as of 2011[update].[citation needed]. After expiration of the frame and vessel licences end of 2018 the locomotive now (2019) is stored. Title of "fastest steam locomotive ready-to-run" actually is vacant. | ||
181.1 km/h (113 mph) | 1935-04-05 | US | Milwaukee Road class A #2 | Loc | Steam | unknown | Claimed to have sustained 112.5 mph (181 km/h) for 14 miles (23 km). Average speed for 136 miles (219 km) between Milwaukee and New Lisbon, Wisconsin was 74.9 mph (121 km/h).[15] | ||
180.3 km/h (112 mph) | 1935-09-29 | East Coast Main Line | UK | LNER Class A4 2509 Silver Link | Loc | Steam | unknown | Authenticated. Some sources say 112.5 mph.[citation needed] | |
177 km/h (110 mph) | 1945-3-30 | Fort Wayne Line | US | Pennsylvania Railroad Class S2 #6200 | Loc | Steam Turbine | Unmod. | During a test run officially arranged by PRR on 30 March 1945, S2 #6200 with a dynamometer car towed, was able to pull a 17-car train over a distance of 48 kilometers at a speed of 110 mph (180 km/h) between Fort Wayne and Chicago. Ernest F G Cox, a British locomotive engineer, once travelled on the footplate and reported that "100mph was maintained and exceeded for 12 consecutive minutes". [citation needed] | |
168.5 km/h (105 mph) | 1935-03-05 | UK | LNER Class A3 No. 2750 Papyrus | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | First run at 100+ mph with complete, surviving documentation.[citation needed] | ||
166.6 km/h (104 mph) | 1934-07-20 | US | Milwaukee Road class F6 #6402 | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | A point between Oakwood, Illinois and Lake, Wisconsin. Also averaged 75.5 mph (122 km/h) on 85 miles (137 km) from Chicago, Illinois to Milwaukee, and 89.92 mph (145 km/h) for a 68.9 miles (110.9 km) stretch.[15] This trip was a test run for the feasibility of a new planned high speed passenger train service between Chicago and Minneapolis-St. Paul via Milwaukee, which came to fruition the next year as the Hiawatha. | ||
164 km/h (102 mph) | 1904-05-09 | UK | GWR 3700 Class 3440 City of Truro | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | Claimed to be the first steam locomotive to reach 100 mph (161 km/h).[citation needed] | ||
161 km/h (100 mph) | 1934-11-30 | UK | LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | In 1934, Flying Scotsman achieved the first authenticated 100 mph (161 km/h) by a steam locomotive.[16] | ||
149 km/h (92.3 mph) | 1895-10-24 | Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway | US | Brooks-built ten-wheeler and train | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | The engineer was presented with a memorial watch from the Webb C. Ball Company in a ceremony at the Brooks Locomotive Works offices on April 17, 1896.[47] | |
145 km/h (90 mph) | 1895-08-22 | UK | LNWR No. 790 Hardwicke | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | Maximum speed claimed, although average speed record was authenticated.[citation needed] | ||
131.6 km/h (82 mph) | 1854-06 | UK | Bristol & Exeter Railway #41 | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | Broad gauge[citation needed] | ||
131 km/h (81 mph) | 1893-05-10 | US | Empire State Express No. 999 | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | 112 mph (180 km/h) claimed, which would make it the first wheeled vehicle to exceed 100 mph (161 km/h).[48][49] | ||
125.6 km/h (78 mph) | 1850 | UK | Great Britain | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | 80 mph (129 km/h) claimed[citation needed] | ||
96.6 km/h (60 mph) | 1848 | US | Boston and Maine Railroad Antelope | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | First authenticated 60 mph (97 km/h),26 miles (42 km) in 26 minutes.[citation needed] | ||
48 km/h (30 mph) | 1830 | UK | Stephenson's Rocket | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | [citation needed] | ||
24 km/h (15 mph) | 1825 | UK | Locomotion No. 1 | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | [citation needed] | ||
8 km/h (5 mph) | 1804-02-21 | UK | Richard Trevithick's world's first railway steam locomotive | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | [citation needed] |
Air propulsion
The following is a list of speed records for rail vehicles that use air propulsion to move rail vehicles while the wheels are rolling along the track.
Speed | Date | Line | Country | Train | Arr. | Power | State | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
411.5 km/h (256 mph) | 1974-08-14 | High Speed Ground Test Center | US | LIMRV [9] | Loc | Gas turbine | Proto | |
295.72 km/h (184 mph) | 1966-07-23 | Butler, Indiana to Stryker, Ohio | US | New York Central Budd RDC-3 M-497 | Loc | Jet | Proto. | Jet aero engines (retrofitted to roof) |
280 km/h (174 mph) | 1928-06-23 | Germany | Opel RAK III | Loc | Rocket | Proto. | Unmanned. Some sources say 254 km/h (158 mph) or 290 km/h (180 mph). See:, .[50][51][52][53][54] | |
230.2 km/h (143 mph) | 1931-06-21 | Berlin - Hamburg | Germany | Schienenzeppelin | Single | Propeller | Proto. | Propeller-pushed railcar with a gasoline (petrol) aero engine. Engine by BMW.[citation needed] |
140 km/h (87 mph) | 1921-07-24 | Moscow-Tula | Soviet Union | Aerowagon | Single | Propeller | Proto. | Propeller-driven railcar with a gasoline (petrol) aero engine. |
Using an air cushion and a Monorail, the Aérotrain set on 5 March 1974 a mean speed of 417.6 km/h (259.5 mph) and a peak speed of 430.4 km/h (267.4 mph).
Conventional wheeled — Narrow gauge
Speed | Date | Line | Country | Train | Arr | Power | State | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
245 km/h (152 mph) | 1978-10-31 | Between Westonaria and Midway | South Africa | SAR Class 6E1 (No. E1525) | Loc | Single phase | unknown | [55][56][57] Scheffel bogie |
175 km/h (109 mph) | 1960-11-21 | JNR Tōkaidō Main Line | Japan | JNR KuMoYa93 test car | Multi | DC | Proto. | 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) [58] |
163 km/h (101 mph) | 1959-07-31 | JNR Tōkaidō Main Line | Japan | JNR 151 series | Multi | DC | unknown | 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) [58] |
145 km/h (90 mph) | 1957-09-27 | JNR Tōkaidō Main Line | Japan | Odakyū 3000 series SE Romancecar | Multi | DC | unknown | 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) [59] |
136 km/h (85 mph) | 1914 | South-West Africa | OMEG Rail motor coach No. «Kronprinz» | Single | Gasoline | unknown | 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) Summer 1914.[59] | |
129 km/h (80 mph) | 1954-12-15 | JNR Tokaido Main Line | Japan | JNR C62 steam locomotive No. C62 17 | Loc | Steam | unknown | 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) [60] |
110 km/h (68 mph) | 1920 | Java | Dutch East Indies | Staatsspoorwegen SS1300 / C28 locomotive | Loc | Steam | unknown | 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) [citation needed] |
Maglev trains
Speed | Date | Line | Country | Train | Arr | Power | State | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
603 km/h (375 mph) | 2015-04-21 | Yamanashi Test Track | Japan | L0 Series | Multi | AC | Proto. | Seven-car train set, manned[2] |
590 km/h (367 mph) | 2015-04-16 | Yamanashi Test Track | Japan | L0 Series | Multi | AC | Proto. | Seven-car train set, manned[3] |
581 km/h (361 mph) | 2003-12-02 | Yamanashi Test Track | Japan | MLX01 | Multi | AC | Proto. | Three-car train set. Guinness Book of Records authenticated.[4] |
552 km/h (343 mph) | 1999-04-14 | Yamanashi Test Track | Japan | MLX01 | Multi | AC | Proto. | Five-car train set. Guinness Book of Records authenticated.[citation needed] |
550 km/h (342 mph) | 1997-12-24 | Yamanashi Test Track | Japan | MLX01 | Multi | AC | Proto. | Three-car train set.[citation needed] |
517 km/h (321 mph) | 1979-12-21 | Miyazaki Test Track | Japan | ML-500R | Multi | AC | Proto. | [citation needed] |
504 km/h (313 mph) | 1979-12-12 | Miyazaki Test Track | Japan | ML-500R | Multi | AC | Proto. | [citation needed] |
501 km/h (311 mph) | 2003-11-12 | Shanghai Maglev Train | China | Transrapid SMT | Multi | AC | Unmod. | Recorded in 2003 at a test run before the commercial operation in 2004[6] |
411.5 km/h (256 mph) | 1974-08-14 | High Speed Ground Test Center | US | LIMRV [9] | Single | Cable | Proto | |
253.2 km/h (157 mph) | 1977-11-21 | Krauss-Maffei's plant in Munich - Allach | West Germany | Transrapid 04 | Multi | AC | Proto. | [citation needed] |
250 km/h (155 mph) | 1973 | Krauss-Maffei's plant in Munich - Allach | West Germany | Transrapid 04 | Multi | AC | Proto. | [citation needed] |
164 km/h (102 mph) | 1971-10 | Krauss-Maffei's plant in Munich - Allach | West Germany | Transrapid 02 | Single | AC | Proto. | 930 m test track which included one curve.[citation needed] |
90 km/h (56 mph) | 1971-05-06 | MBB's Ottobrunn factory | West Germany | MBB Prinzipfahrzeug | Single | AC | Proto. | 660 m test track. Near Munich. MBB: Messerschmidt-Bölkow-Blohm, Prinzipfahrzeug: Principle vehicle.[citation needed] |
Rocket sleds
Speed | Date | Line | Country | Train | Arrangmt | Power | State | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10,326 km/h (6,416 mph) | 2003-04-29 | Holloman Air Force Base | US | Rocket sled | Single | Rocket | Proto. | Unmanned. 6,416 mph (10,326 km/h) = Mach 8.4. Final stage of a four-stage sled train. Super Roadrunner rocket motor. 192 lb (87 kg) payload. For more than 2 miles (3 km) the sled was in a helium tube to reduce air friction.[61] |
9,845 km/h (6,117 mph) | 1982-10 | Holloman Air Force Base | US | Rocket sled | Single | Rocket | Proto. | Unmanned. It accelerated a 25 lb (11 kg) payload to a speed of 6,119 mph (9,848 km/h).[62] |
4,972 km/h (3,089 mph) | 1959 | China Lake, California | US | Rocket sled | Single | Rocket | Proto. | Unmanned. On SNORT (Supersonic Naval Ordnance Track).[citation needed] |
3,495.6 km/h (2,172 mph) | 2017-09-17 | Xiangyang, Hubei | China | Rocket sled | Single | Rocket | Unmanned. Dynamic simulation test of BeiDou receiver. [63] | |
1,017 km/h (632 mph) | 1954-12-10 | Holloman Air Force Base | US | Rocket sled | Single | Rocket | Proto. | Manned by John Stapp. Fastest manned rocket-sled. Fastest manned rail vehicle. Fastest manned open-cockpit vehicle.[64] Zero to 1,017 km/h (632 mph) and back to zero in 1,100 metres (3,500 ft) total.[65] |
World fastest point-to-point average speeds in commercial operations
The following are the lists of world record average operating speeds between two stations. The average speeds are measured by the total time and the distance between the two stations.
Styles : [Currently active] - [Old service]
All Trains Commercially Operated
Average speed | Top speed | Train | Type | Location | From | To | Distance | Date from | Date to | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
316.7 km/h (197 mph) | 350 km/h (217 mph) | Fuxing Hao | Single phase | China | Beijing | Nanjing | 1,018.6 km (633 mi) | 2018 | On Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway[66] | |
313.0 km/h (194 mph) | 350 km/h (217 mph) | CRH2 | Single phase | China | Wuhan | Guangzhou North | 922.0 km (573 mi) | 2009 | 2011 | On Wuhan-Guangzhou High-Speed Railway until July 2011. [citation needed] |
283.7 km/h (176 mph) | 300 km/h (310 km/h with +10 tolerance) | CRH380A | Single phase | China | Shijiazhuang | Zhengzhou | 383.0 km (238 mi) | 2010 | On Wuhan-Guangzhou High-Speed Railway[67] | |
279.3 km/h (174 mph) | 320 km/h (199 mph) | TGV Duplex | Single phase | France | Lorraine TGV | Champagne-Ardenne
TGV |
167.6 km (104 mi) | 2007 | 2010 | On the LGV Est[68] |
263.4 km/h (164 mph) | 320 km/h (199 mph) | E5 series shinkansen | Single phase | Japan | Ōmiya | Sendai | 294.1 km (183 mi) | 2011 | 2017 | With the Hayabusa service on the Tohoku Shinkansen line[69] |
263.3 km/h (164 mph) | 320 km/h (199 mph) | TGV Duplex | Single phase | France | Lyon–Saint-Exupéry Airport | Aix-en-Provence | 289.6 km (180 mi) | 2005 | 2007 | On the LGV Méditerranée[70] |
261.8 km/h (163 mph) | 300 km/h (186 mph) | Nozomi Shinkansen | Single phase | Japan | Hiroshima | Kokura | 192.0 km (119 mi) | 1997 | 2005 | Operated by 500 Series Shinkansen[70] |
210.8 km/h (131 mph) | 300 km/h (186 mph) | ETR500, Frecciarossa 1000, ETR575 "Italo" | Single phase | Italy | Milano Centrale | Bologna Centrale | 214.7 km (133 mi) | 2008 | On Milan-Bologna high speed railway | |
254.3 km/h (158 mph) | 300 km/h (186 mph) | TGV | Single phase | France | Gare de Lille Europe | Charles de Gaulle Airport | 203.4 km (126 mi) | 1995 | 1997 | On LGV Interconnexion Est and LGV Nord[71] |
163.0 km/h (101 mph) | 200 km/h (124 mph) | Etendard | Single phase | France | Saint-Pierre-des-Corps | Poitiers | 100.0 km (62 mi) | 1973 | ? | Class CC6500 locomotive, now by TGV[citation needed] |
162.8 km/h (101 mph) | 210 km/h (130 mph) | Hikari Shinkansen | Single phase | Japan | Tokyo | Shin-Ōsaka Station | 515.0 km (320 mi) | 1965 | ? | Stopped at Nagoya and Kyoto[citation needed] |
132.1 km/h (82 mph) | 160 km/h (99 mph) | Mistral | Single phase | France | Paris | Dijon | 315.0 km (196 mi) | 1964 | ? | [citation needed] |
130.4 km/h (81 mph) | 161 km/h (100 mph) | Morning Hiawatha | Steam | United States | Sparta, Wisconsin | Portage, Wisconsin | 126.0 km (78 mi) | 1939 | ? | 78.3 miles (126.0 km) in 58 minutes,[15] Milwaukee Road class F7. |
124.3 km/h (77 mph) | 160 km/h (99 mph) | Fliegender Hamburger | Diesel-elec. | Germany | Berlin | Hamburg | 286.0 km (178 mi) | 1933 | 1939 | DMU, 98 passengers[citation needed] |
114.8 km/h (71 mph) | 148.7 km/h (92 mph) | Cheltenham Spa Express | Steam | United Kingdom | Swindon | London | 124.3 km (77 mi) | 1932 | 1933 | 77.25 miles (124.32 km) in 65 minutes. Claimed by the Great Western Railway at the time to be the world's fastest train. Now operated by GWR in 49 minutes with Class 800 Hitachi Intercity Express Train. [72] |
See also
- Land speed record
- List of vehicle speed records
- List of high-speed trains
- High-speed rail
- Schienenzeppelin, experimental car, driven by Propeller, speed record for rail vehicles on 21 June 1931, 230.2 km/h (143.0 mph) on the Berlin–Hamburg Railway
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{{cite web}}
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External links
- TGV 2007 record
- TGV 2007 record - SNCF Press release, SNCF Press release 2
- Alstom V 150, Alstom Press release
- Reuters TGV record, Reuters TGV record video
- Fastest steam locomotive
- RDECOM magazine 'Super Roadrunner' breaks land speed record
- 846 TS HYPERSONIC UPGRADE PROGRAM (contains World Speed Record video)
- World Speed Survey 1997
- (in French) Retrouvez sur cette page les chiffres clés des records sur rail dans le monde
- Railway developments worldwide
- World Speed Survey 2007 Railway Gazette International September 2007
- Photos of the fastest trains