List of Scientologists: Difference between revisions

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→‎K: Chaka Khan has stated that she is not and never was a Scientologist: http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/30/theater/30mcge.html
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* [[Robert Hunter (lyricist)|Robert Hunter]],<ref>{{cite book | last = Jackson | first = Blair | year = 1999 | title = Garcia: An American Life | publisher = Viking Adult |pages=62, 179 | isbn=0-67-088660-2 }}</ref> lyricist
* [[Robert Hunter (lyricist)|Robert Hunter]],<ref>{{cite book | last = Jackson | first = Blair | year = 1999 | title = Garcia: An American Life | publisher = Viking Adult |pages=62, 179 | isbn=0-67-088660-2 }}</ref> lyricist
* [[Al Jarreau]],<ref name="scientollywood">{{cite news | last =Kahn | first =Joseph P. | title =Scientollywood's A List | work =[[The Boston Globe]] | page =F5 | publisher =Globe Newspaper Company | date =March 15, 2006 |url=http://www.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2006/03/15/scientollywoods_a_list/|accessdate=2008-06-25}}</ref> singer
* [[Al Jarreau]],<ref name="scientollywood">{{cite news | last =Kahn | first =Joseph P. | title =Scientollywood's A List | work =[[The Boston Globe]] | page =F5 | publisher =Globe Newspaper Company | date =March 15, 2006 |url=http://www.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2006/03/15/scientollywoods_a_list/|accessdate=2008-06-25}}</ref> singer
* [[Chaka Khan]],<ref name="bielski" /><ref name="lewisscientology" /><ref name ="Leggett" /><ref name="scientollywood" /><ref name="hostofceleb" /> singer
* [[Nicole Kidman]],<ref name="ecclesiastical" /><ref name="bielski" /><ref name="scientollywood" /><ref name="mallia1998" /> actress and former wife of Scientologist Tom Cruise
* [[Nicole Kidman]],<ref name="ecclesiastical" /><ref name="bielski" /><ref name="scientollywood" /><ref name="mallia1998" /> actress and former wife of Scientologist Tom Cruise
* [[Courtney Love]]<ref name="lewisscientology" /><ref name="Leggett" />
* [[Courtney Love]]<ref name="lewisscientology" /><ref name="Leggett" />

Revision as of 18:14, 25 October 2009

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

A Scientologist is a follower of the doctrines and beliefs of Scientology.[1]

The following is an incomplete list of notable past and present Scientologists.

Definition

A Scientologist is a follower of the doctrines and beliefs of Scientology.[1] Eileen Barker writes in New Religious Movements: Challenge and Response that the Church of Scientology "considers all those who have ever done one of their courses to be a Scientologist".[2] Scientology president Heber Jentzsch stated in a videotaped court deposition that membership statistics for the organization are based on the sum of all individuals that have ever taken any Scientology course since the organization's foundation in 1954.[3] Olav Hammer and James R. Lewis note in their book The Invention of Sacred Tradition: "the shared veneration of Hubbard becomes an integrated part of what it means to be a Scientologist".[4]

Church officials

Former church officials

Notable Scientologists

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

K

L

M

N

P

R

S

T

V

W

Former Scientologists

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Urdang 1986, p. 502.
  2. ^ Wilson 1999, p. 18
  3. ^ Ortega 2008, p. 8.
  4. ^ Lewis 2007, p. 6.
  5. ^ a b c Tobin, Thomas C. (October 25, 1998). "The man behind Scientology: David Miscavige, the seldom-seen leader of the church, comes forth in his first newspaper interview to talk of a more peaceful time for Scientology". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2008-06-23.
  6. ^ Donahue, Ann (July 19, 1999). "From Las Vegas lounge singer to Scientology leader". Los Angeles Business Journal.
  7. ^ a b c d Morton, Andrew (2008). Tom Cruise: An Unauthorized Biography. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 102, 243, 317, 318. ISBN 0312359861.
  8. ^ Fisher, Marc (August 19, 1995). "Church in Cyberspace: Its Sacred Writ Is on the Net. Its Lawyers Are on the Case". The Washington Post. The Washington Post Company. p. C1, C5.
  9. ^ Boshoff, Alison (January 17, 2008). "Is Scientologist Tom Cruise out of control". The Daily Telegraph. News Limited. Retrieved 2008-06-02.
  10. ^ Eddy, Melissa (Associated Press) (February 12, 2008). "German administrative court upholds government's right to observe Church of Scientology". Toronto Star. www.thestar.com. Retrieved 2008-06-02.
  11. ^ Dahlburg, John-Thor (February 29, 2000). "Report Urges Dissolution of Scientology Church in France - Europe: Panel calls group a danger to the public and a threat to national security". Los Angeles Times. copy of article hosted at www.rickross.com.
  12. ^ Hansen, Susan (June 1997). "Did Scientology Strike Back?". The American Lawyer.
  13. ^ Horne, William W. (July/August 1992). "The Two Faces of Scientology". The American Lawyer. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  14. ^ Ortega, Tony (December 23, 1999). "Double Crossed: The Church of Scientology has a reputation for ruthlessly going after its enemies. Robert Cipriano claims Scientologists rewarded him for helping them do just that. Now he's turned on them". Phoenix New Times. Retrieved 2009-06-20.
  15. ^ Rubin, Joel (October 1, 2005). "District Scrambles to Ensure Human Rights Event Is Religion-Free; Officials were unaware of Scientology's role in the international forum at Jordan High in Watts". Los Angeles Times. p. B4.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Tobin, Thomas C. (June 23, 2009). "Ecclesiastical Justice". St. Petersburg Times. p. 1A. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ Derakhshani, Tirdad (2006-08-26). "Cruise camp: sorry about Shields". The Philadephia Inquirer.
  18. ^ Staff (2006-08-25). "Tom 'Incensed' Sumner's Wife". New York Post. N.Y.P. Holdings, Inc. p. 14.
  19. ^ Chasan, Alice (April 18, 2006). "Rev. John Carmichael, Church of Scientology, Tom Cruise, Katie Holmes, silent birth, L. Ron Hubbard". Beliefnet. Beliefnet, Inc. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
  20. ^ Staff (August 6, 2005). "Dollars and sense: Bloggers take on costs of Scientology". Bakersfield Californian.
  21. ^ Lewis, Anthony (August 1, 1968). "Britain Curbs Activities of Cult of Scientologists; Refuses to Admit Americans Known to Be Followers Minister of Health Declares Group Socially Harmful". The New York Times. The New York Times Company.
  22. ^ Cooper, Paulette (1971). The Scandal of Scientology. Tower Publications. pp. Appendix - The Scientologist's Story.
  23. ^ "The Mind Behind the Religon [sic]". Los Angeles Times. 1990-06-24. Retrieved 2008-05-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Missing pipe in: |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  24. ^ Tobin, Thomas C. (February 23, 2000). "Tampabay: Church member's death now called accident". St. Petersburg Times. www.sptimes.com. Retrieved 2008-06-02.
  25. ^ Rathbun, Frank H. (1989). Rathbun, Rathbone, Rathburn Family Historian. Rathbun Family Association. p. 32. v.9-v.16 1989-1996. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ Cook, John (March 17, 2008). "Scientology - Cult Friction: After an embarrassing string of high-profile defection and leaked videos, Scientology is under attack from a faceless cabal of online activists. Has America's most controversial religion finally met its match?". Radar Online. Radar Magazine. Retrieved 2008-03-20.
  27. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Bielski, Zosia (January 6, 2009). "Seizure killed Travolta's son, death certificate says;Body showed no sign of head trauma, undertaker says; case puts parents' religion under scrutiny". The Globe and Mail. p. A3.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Shaw, William (February 17, 2008). "The Science of Celebrity: Religion to Non-Believers, It Seems Barmy. But to the Faithful, Like John Travolta and Tom Cruise, Scientology is Life-Affirming, Empowering and the Secret of Their Success. What Do They Know That We Don't? William Shaw Reports". The Sunday Telegraph. p. 26.
  29. ^ a b c d e f g h Shaviv, Miram A. (June 28, 2007). "The Passion of the Cruise". The Jerusalem Post. p. 24.
  30. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Reitman, Janet (2006-02-23). "Inside Scientology". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2006-06-28. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  31. ^ a b Sappell, Joel (1990-06-25). "The Courting of Celebrities". Los Angeles Times. p. A18:5. Retrieved 2006-08-06. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  32. ^ a b c d e f g h i Eddy, Steve (August 10, 2004). "People - Scientologists throw a 35th-birthday bash". The Orange County Register.
  33. ^ Staff (September 3, 2006). "Jennifer Aspen and David O'Donnell marry". UPI NewsTrack. United Press International.
  34. ^ Lemire, J (December 6, 2006). "Teenage Cutie & 'The Beast'. B'Way Star, 39, Hit In Sex Bust". New York Daily News. Retrieved 2008-06-23.
  35. ^ a b c d e f g Lewis, James R. (2009). Scientology. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 404. ISBN 0195331494.
  36. ^ a b c d e f g Leggett, Jonathan (2006-03-25). "Cult musicians: Scientology has long been regarded as 'a Hollywood thing', but as Isaac Hayes cooks up a storm and quits his role as South Park's Chef, Jonathan Leggett reveals other musical followers". The Guardian. Guardian Newspapers Limited. Retrieved 2008-06-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
  37. ^ a b c d e Staff. "Scientology: A Star-Studded Sect". ABC News. ABC. Retrieved 2008-06-23.
  38. ^ a b Kent, Stephen A. (2001). "The French and German versus American Debate over 'New Religions', Scientology, and Human Rights". Marburg Journal of Religion. 6 (1). Retrieved 2006-08-06. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  39. ^ a b c d e f Kahn, Joseph P. (March 15, 2006). "Scientollywood's A List". The Boston Globe. Globe Newspaper Company. p. F5. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
  40. ^ Hampson, Sarah (2006-12-30). "Like a kid in a candy store". The Globe and Mail. pp. R3. Retrieved 2007-01-11.
  41. ^ a b c d e Mallia, Joseph (March 5, 1998). "Inside the Church of Scientology - Church wields celebrity clout". Boston Herald. p. 30.
  42. ^ a b Behar, Richard (1991-05-06). "The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power". Time. Retrieved 2006-06-27. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  43. ^ a b c d e f g h i Betts, Marianne (January 10, 2009). "Host of celebrities in Scientology's fold". Herald Sun. Melbourne, Australia: News Corporation. p. 24.
  44. ^ "interview on ABC TV Australia". Retrieved 2006-08-06.
  45. ^ Inside Edition (February 29, 2008). "Jeff Conaway Credits Scientology For Rehab Success". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
  46. ^ Jackson, Blair (2000). Garcia: An American Life. Penguin. p. 179. ISBN 9780140291995. {{cite book}}: More than one of |pages= and |page= specified (help)
  47. ^ a b c Friedman, Roger (June 26, 2007). "Tom Cruise Finally Meets His Match". Fox News. Fox News Network, LLC. Retrieved 2008-06-23.
  48. ^ O'Neil, Deborah (June 2, 2002). "The CEO and his church: Months of interviews and thousands of pages of court papers show the effect that influential church members had on a Clearwater company that was a darling of the dot-com boom". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2008-06-23. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  49. ^ Smith, Stacy Jenel (December 2, 2007). "Ask Stacy: Is Law & Order Done, Dish on Alex O'Loughlin, Pam Dawber". The National Ledger. Retrieved 2008-06-23.
  50. ^ "Opposite Daffy - Jenna Elfman Ducks the Notion of Easy Laughs". Buffalo News. November 21, 2003.
  51. ^ Laufenberg, Norbert B. (2005). Entertainment Celebrities. Trafford Publishing. p. 206. ISBN 1412053358.
  52. ^ "Comedy and Clout Define Actress' New Life". Miami Herald. February 27, 1998.
  53. ^ Strauss, Gary (July 4, 2005). "Stars unleash their passion: What happens when a Hollywood star spouts off about religion?". USA Today. Gannett Co. Inc. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  54. ^ Haug, Jim (June 8, 2006). "Race car 'logical' step for Scientology". Daytona Beach News-Journal. The News-Journal Corporation. p. 01A.
  55. ^ "The silence of cruise's 'sinister' Cult". Irish Independent. January 26, 2008.
  56. ^ World Entertainment News Network (April 14, 2006). "Tom Cruise Says Baby Will Be a Scientologist". Starpulse. Starpulse.com. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
  57. ^ Corydon, Bent (1987). L. Ron Hubbard: Messiah or Madman?. Secaucus, New Jersey: Lyle Stuart. ISBN 0-8184-0444-2. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help) Convenience link at http://www.clambake.org/archive/books/mom/Messiah_or_Madman.txt .
  58. ^ a b c d e Richardson, John M. (September 11, 1993). "The Scientology Church of Hollywood". The Globe and Mail. Bell Globemedia Publishing Inc.
  59. ^ Oppenheimer, Mark (2007-07-15). "The Actualizer". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-01-16. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  60. ^ a b Oppenheimer, Mark (September 9, 2007). "Friends, thetans, countrymen". The Daily Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group Limited. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  61. ^ a b Freeman, Paul (2007-11-30). "Juliette Lewis gets her kicks with Licks: Actress turned rock star is loving her". Redwood City Daily News. Retrieved 2008-05-25. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  62. ^ Meyer, Carla (September 3, 2000). "Juliette Lewis Is All Grown Up: Actress moves beyond her intense, troubled image". San Francisco Chronicle. Hearst Communications Inc. Retrieved 2008-06-23.
  63. ^ Fink, Mitchell (July 30, 2001). "Scientology Soiree". New York Daily News. Retrieved 2008-06-23. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  64. ^ a b Lei, Richard (December 6, 1998). "The Life & Death of a Scientologist - After 13 Years and Thousands Of Dollars, Lisa McPherson Finally Went `Clear.' Then She Went Insane". The Washington Post. The Washington Post Company. p. F1.
  65. ^ Morgan, Lucy (1998-11-14). "McPherson's death incites Web protests". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2008-06-23. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  66. ^ Tobin, Thomas C. (May 12, 2000). "Battlefield of dreams: L. Ron Hubbard said he didn't want his science-fiction work to be a press release for the church he founded. Nevertheless, the connections between Battlefield Earth and Scientology are worth noting". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2008-06-23.
  67. ^ a b Washington Post News Service (December 17, 1994). "Bart Simpsons's 'Voice' Talks About Belief In Scientology". The Press of Atlantic City. p. B5.
  68. ^ "TV actress to discuss scientology". Daily Lobo (student newspaper of University of New Mexico). 2004-10-12. Retrieved 2006-07-05. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  69. ^ Stoller, Debbie (February/March 2009), "Moss Appeal", BUST, no. 55, pp. 55–57 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  70. ^ Christian, Margena A. (October 15, 2007). "Where is … the cast of 'What's Happening'?". Jet. Johnson Publishing Co.; Gale, Cengage Learning. Retrieved 2008-06-29.
  71. ^ Mouland, Bill (July 21, 2002). "Good night? Not quite". The Sunday Mail. Nationwide News Pty Limited. p. 56.
  72. ^ Morales, Magaly (Tribune Media Services) (November 23, 2003). "Busy, popular actor Eduardo Palomo gone too soon". Houston Chronicle. p. 7.
  73. ^ Aguila, Justino (November 11, 2003). "Actor Eduardo Palomo mourned: The popular leading man in Mexican television and movies died suddenly at 41". The Orange County Register.
  74. ^ Davis, Peter (2009). "When Danny Met Bijou". Paper (magazine). Retrieved 2009-01-24. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  75. ^ a b Rains, Rob (December 5, 1980). "Sentencing of Eagleton's niece left up to parole board". United Press International.
  76. ^ a b Staff (August 5, 1980). "Sen. Eagleton's Niece Charged With Extortion". St. Petersburg Times.
  77. ^ Tobin, Thomas C. (May 17, 2000). "Kirstie Alley buys Presley mansion: Public records indicate that Alley, who bought the house May 1, will use it for a second home". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2008-06-23.
  78. ^ Reuters/Hollywood Reporter (March 16, 2008). "Kelly Preston fired up for HBO suburban satire". Reuters. reuters.com. Retrieved 2008-06-02. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  79. ^ Cohen, David (October 23, 2006). "Tom's Alien Target". Evening Standard.
  80. ^ Didcock, Barry (February 18, 2007). "Hubbard Love Cover Story: Inside the Church of Scientology Barry Didcock puts his scepticism aside and goes in search of the truth behind one of the world's most controversial religions". The Sunday Herald.
  81. ^ Rush, George (July 31, 2002). "Scientology turns 33". New York Daily News. Daily News, L.P. p. 20. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  82. ^ Koff, Stephen (November 29, 1987). "Chiropractors seeking advice find Scientology-influenced seminars". St. Petersburg Times. p. 1B. Retrieved 2008-06-24.
  83. ^ Liz Pulliam Weston. "The Basics: 7 reasons to fire your financial adviser". MSN Money. Microsoft. Retrieved 2006-08-05.
  84. ^ Samraj, Adi Da (1971). The Knee of Listening: The Life and Understanding of Franklin Jones. Franklin Jones. pp. Chapter 12: The Search for Release From the Mind: Scientology.
  85. ^ Bunker, Mark (April 21, 2008). "Jason Beghe Interview". The Wog Blog from Xenu TV. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
  86. ^ Friedman, Roger (2008-04-14). "Star Exits Scientology". Fox News. Retrieved 2008-04-15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  87. ^ Bardach, Ann (August 1999). "Proud Mary Bono". George Magazine.
  88. ^ Bell, Shannon (October 20, 1994). "Kate Bornstein: A Transgender Transsexual Postmodern Tiresias". CTheory. p. a019. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
  89. ^ a b Malko, George (1970). Scientology: The Now Religion. Delacorte Press. pp. 6–7.
  90. ^ Murphy, Brian (January 4, 2004). "Profile: John Brodie - Spirited comeback - 49er legend relentlessly positive after stroke". San Francisco Chronicle. The Chronicle Publishing Co. p. B1.
  91. ^ a b c d e f g h The Guardian staff (October 4, 2006). "Listed Scientologists". The Guardian. p. 29.
  92. ^ Upton, Charles (2005). Cracks in the Great Wall: UFOs and Traditional Metaphysics. Sophia Perennis. p. 7. ISBN 1597310247.
  93. ^ Richardson, John H. (September 1, 1993). "Catch a Rising Star: Scientology's membership boasts some of Hollywood's top talent, despite the most sinister reputation of any modern religion". Premiere. johnhrichardson.com. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
  94. ^ CBS News (January 9, 2009). "Scientologist Views On Medicine Questioned". The Early Show. CBS. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
  95. ^ Ratcliff, Maurice (1999). The Complete Guide to the Music of Leonard Cohen. Omnibus Press. p. 37. ISBN 0711975086. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  96. ^ Beam, Alex (August 23, 2000). "Leonard Cohen has survived his own fame". The Boston Globe. p. D1.
  97. ^ O'Connor, Rob (March 9, 1997). "But seriously, folks, he wasn't trying to be depressing". The Star-Ledger. p. 6.
  98. ^ a b Bugliosi, Vincent (2001). Helter Skelter: The True Story of the Manson Murders. W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 200–202, 225, 300–301, 316, 318, 608, 610–611. ISBN 0393322238. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  99. ^ Kathryn L. Duvall. "The Process". Religious Movements. University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2006-11-07. Retrieved 2006-07-15.
  100. ^ Chatelaine magazine (July 27, 2006). "Murder in Mexico: Chatelaine exclusive". Canada Newswire. Canada NewsWire Ltd. Wilson credits his success to The Landmark Forum, an intensive international 3 1/2-day training seminar. The program has garnered widespread criticism for what some see as its boot-camp techniques, hard-sell recruitment tactics, heavy reliance on free labour, secretive nature and its links to Werner Erhard, a former Scientologist who developed the methodology.
  101. ^ Pinzur, Matthew I. (July 16, 2006). "New School To Open Amid High Hopes". The Miami Herald. p. 1B. Landmark has its roots in Erhard Seminars Training, or est, the personal-growth program created in the 1970s by ex- Scientologist Werner Erhard. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  102. ^ Bartley, William Warren (1978). Werner Erhard: the Transformation of a Man: the Founding of est. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc. pp. 146–47. ISBN 0-517-53502-5. "I got a lot of benefit from auditing," Werner told me. "It was the fastest and deepest way to handle situations that I had yet encountered. I immediately wanted to learn to do it." ... "With Scientology, I was able to characterize the Mind more accurately, and to cease justifying it. This greatly clarified what I was doing. ... After my experience with Scientology, I saw what it means to see the Mind as a machine. I can now operate my Mind accordingly, with exactitude. I can do the familiar mind over matter experiments - the control of pain and bleeding, telepathy, those things.
  103. ^ Lewis, James R. (2001). Odd Gods: New Religions and the Cult Controversy. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books. pp. 382–387. ISBN 1573928429. In 1968 he started to receive Scientology auditing or counseling. He and some of his sales staff took a Scientology communications course. He read many Scientology books, including Problems of Work, A New Slant on Life, and Dianetics: The Original Thesis. He later stated, "I have a lot of respect for L. Ron Hubbard and I consider him to be a genius and perhaps less acknowledged than he ought to be." Erhard acknowledges that est and The Forum use variations on some of the Scientology charts and that the est and Forum terminology is partially taken from Scientology.
  104. ^ Pressman, Steven (1993). Outrageous Betrayal: The Dark Journey of Werner Erhard from est to Exile. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 25–26, 30–31. ISBN 0-312-09296-2. Between August and December of 1968, he purchased several books from the San Francisco Scientology office and enrolled both himself and some of his sales employees in the introductory communications course. In October a local Scientology official wrote to Erhard asking him his interest in joining the staff. Scientology had a place for enthusiastic new converts like Werner Erhard. Although Erhard did not respond to the offer, he continued to study Scientology over the next several months, gradually rising through the various training levels - "grades" in Scientology jargon - that marked the path toward ultimate enlightenment. When a routine letter was sent in August 1969 letting him know that he had passed "Grade II" in his Scientology studies, Erhard immidiately responded with his own letter claiming that he had reached Grade IV.
  105. ^ Stark, Rodney (1986). The Future of Religion: Secularization, Revival, and Cult Formation. University of California Press. p. 182. ISBN 0520057317. The highly successful est cult is derivd partly from Scientology and well illustrates the commercialism of many such organizations in contemporary America. Werner Erhard, founder of est, had some experience with Scientology in 1969. ... After Erhard started his own cult in 1971, he decided to emulate Scientology's tremendous success and hired two Scientologists to adapt its practice for his own use. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  106. ^ Carroll, Robert Todd (2003). "est and Werner Erhard". [[The Skeptic's Dictionary]]. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-27242-6. Retrieved 2006-08-07. In the late 1960s, Erhard studied Scientology and L. Ron Hubbard became a significant influence. Scientologists to this day accuse Erhard of having stolen his main ideas for est from Hubbard. We do know that when Erhard set up est he considered making it a non-profit, as Hubbard had done with dianetics and the Church of Scientology. But Erhard decided to incorporate as an educational firm for profit in a broad market. {{cite book}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  107. ^ Ebner, Mark (March 19, 2006). "Death of a 'Nethead'". Hollywood, Interrupted. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
  108. ^ Jackson, Blair (1999). Garcia: An American Life. Viking Adult. pp. 62, 179. ISBN 0-67-088660-2.
  109. ^ Roberts, Steven V. (1969-12-07). "Charlie Manson, Nomadic Guru, Flirted With Crime in a Turbulent Childhood". New York Times. p. 84. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  110. ^ Paphides, Pete (March 3, 2006). "Even the Belfast cowboy gets the blues". The Times. Times Newspapers Ltd. p. 15.
  111. ^ Krewen, Nick (July 31, 2005). "Van the Man, enigma still; Another bio fails to explain Belfast's Morrison". Toronto Star. pp. D07.
  112. ^ Buckley, Peter (2003). The Rough Guide Rock: The Definitive Guide to More than 1200 Artists and Bands. Rough Guides. p. 425. ISBN 1843531054.
  113. ^ Partridge, Christopher Hugh (2005). The Re-enchantment Of The West: Alternative Spiritualities, Sacralization, Popular Culture, and Occulture. T. & T. Clark Publishers. p. 148. ISBN 0567082695.
  114. ^ "Filmmaker Sues Church of Scientology". PR Newswire. www.prnewswire.com. Retrieved 2008-08-31.
  115. ^ Hornery, Andrew (2008-05-10). "See ya, Tom: Packer quits Cruise's church". The Sydney Morning Herald. smh.com.au. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
  116. ^ Saunders, John; Appleby, Timothy (1998-01-20), "Web not helping Scientology", The Globe and Mail, pp. A4
  117. ^ Reeve, Christopher (2002). "Religion". Nothing Is Impossible: Reflections on a New Life (Hardcover ed.). Random House. ISBN 0375507787. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  118. ^ Staff (February 5, 2003). "Superman Christopher Reeve blasts Scientology". The Age.
  119. ^ Farrow, Boyd (2005-08-01). "The A-listers' belief system". New Statesman. Retrieved 2007-10-31. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  120. ^ Oppenheimer, Jerry (2002). "Chapter 19 The Dianetics Kid". Seinfeld The Making of an American Icon. HarperCollins. p. 113. ISBN 0-06-018872-3.
  121. ^ Rensin, David (October 1993). "Interview Jerry Seinfeld". Playboy.
  122. ^ a b Bjorklund, Dennis A. (1997). Toasting Cheers: An Episode Guide to the 1982-1993 Comedy Series, With Cast Biographies and Character Profiles. Praetorian Publishing. p. 22. ISBN 0899509622.
  123. ^ "John Paul Twitchell", Religious Leaders of America, 2nd ed., Gale Group, 1999. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center, Farmington Hills, Mich: Gale, 2009. http:galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BioRC

References

External links

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