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Inscriptional Pahlavi

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Inscriptional Pahlavi
Inscribed stone block from the Paikuli inscription
Script type
Time period
2nd century BC — 6th century AD
DirectionRight-to-left script Edit this on Wikidata
LanguagesMiddle Iranian languages
Related scripts
Parent systems
Aramaic alphabet
ISO 15924
ISO 15924Phli (131), ​Inscriptional Pahlavi
Unicode
Unicode alias
Inscriptional Pahlavi
U+10B60–U+10B7F

Inscriptional Pahlavi is the earliest attested form of Pahlavi scripts, and is evident in clay fragments that have been dated to the reign of Mithridates I (r. 171–138 BC). Other early evidence includes the Pahlavi inscriptions of Parthian coins and rock inscriptions of Sasanian emperors and other notables, such as Kartir the High Priest.

Letters

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Inscriptional Pahlavi used 19 non-joining letters:[1][2]

Name[A] Image Text Phones (IPA; Middle Persian)[3] Transliteration[1]
Aleph 𐭠 [a], [] '
Beth 𐭡 [b], [w] b
Gimel 𐭢 [ɡ], [j] g
Daleth 𐭣 [d], [j] d
He 𐭤 [h][citation needed] h
Waw-Ayin-Resh 𐭥 [w], [o(ː)], [u(ː)], [], [r], [ʕ][citation needed] w
Zayin 𐭦 [z] z
Heth 𐭧 [h], [x]
Teth 𐭨 y[][citation needed]
Yodh 𐭩 [j], [e(ː)], [i(ː)], [d̠͡ʒ] y
Kaph 𐭪 [k], [ɡ] k
Lamedh 𐭫 [l], [r] l
Mem-Qoph 𐭬 [m], [q][citation needed] m
Nun 𐭭 [n] n
Samekh 𐭮 [s], [h] s
Pe 𐭯 [p], [b], [f] p
Sadhe 𐭰 [t̠͡ʃ], [d̠͡ʒ], [z]
Shin 𐭱 [ʃ] ś/š
Taw 𐭲 [t], [d] t
  1. ^
    Letter names are based on the corresponding Imperial Aramaic characters[1]

Numbers

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Inscriptional Pahlavi had its own numerals:

Value 1 2 3 4 10 20 100 1000
Sign Image
Text 𐭸 𐭹 𐭺 𐭻 𐭼 𐭽 𐭾 𐭿

Numbers are written right-to-left. Numbers without corresponding numerals are additive. For example, 24 is written as 𐭽𐭻‎‎ (20 + 4).[1]

Unicode

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Inscriptional Pahlavi script was added to the Unicode Standard in October, 2009 with the release of version 5.2.

The Unicode block for Inscriptional Pahlavi is U+10B60–U+10B7F:

Inscriptional Pahlavi[1][2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+10B6x 𐭠 𐭡 𐭢 𐭣 𐭤 𐭥 𐭦 𐭧 𐭨 𐭩 𐭪 𐭫 𐭬 𐭭 𐭮 𐭯
U+10B7x 𐭰 𐭱 𐭲 𐭸 𐭹 𐭺 𐭻 𐭼 𐭽 𐭾 𐭿
Notes
1.^ As of Unicode version 16.0
2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points
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References

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  1. ^ a b c d Everson, Michael; Pournader, Roozbeh (2007-08-24). "L2/07-207R: Proposal for encoding the Inscriptional Parthian, Inscriptional Pahlavi, and Psalter Pahlavi scripts in the SMP of the UCS" (PDF). pp. 10–11.
  2. ^ Livinsky, BA; Guang‐Da, Zhang; Samghabadi, R Shabani; Masson, Vadim Mikhaĭlovich (March 1999), Dani, Ahmad Hasan (ed.), History of civilizations of Central Asia, Multiple history, vol. 3. The crossroads of civilizations: A.D. 250 to 750, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, p. 89, ISBN 978-81-208-1540-7.
  3. ^ Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William, eds. (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press, Inc. pp. 518. ISBN 978-0195079937.