1712

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	17th century 18th century 19th century
Decades:	1690s 1700s 1710s 1720s 1730s
Years:	1709 1710 1711 1712 1713 1714 1715

1712 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1712 MDCCXII
Ab urbe condita	2465
Armenian calendar	1161 ԹՎ ՌՃԿԱ
Assyrian calendar	6462
Balinese saka calendar	1633–1634
Bengali calendar	1119
Berber calendar	2662
British Regnal year	10 Ann. 1 – 11 Ann. 1
Buddhist calendar	2256
Burmese calendar	1074
Byzantine calendar	7220–7221
Chinese calendar	辛卯年 (Metal Rabbit) 4409 or 4202     — to — 壬辰年 (Water Dragon) 4410 or 4203
Coptic calendar	1428–1429
Discordian calendar	2878
Ethiopian calendar	1704–1705
Hebrew calendar	5472–5473
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1768–1769
- Shaka Samvat	1633–1634
- Kali Yuga	4812–4813
Holocene calendar	11712
Igbo calendar	712–713
Iranian calendar	1090–1091
Islamic calendar	1123–1124
Japanese calendar	Shōtoku 2 (正徳２年)
Javanese calendar	1635–1636
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 11 days
Korean calendar	4045
Minguo calendar	200 before ROC 民前200年
Nanakshahi calendar	244
Thai solar calendar	2254–2255
Tibetan calendar	阴金兔年 (female Iron-Rabbit) 1838 or 1457 or 685     — to — 阳水龙年 (male Water-Dragon) 1839 or 1458 or 686

July 24: Battle of Denain

1712 (MDCCXII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1712th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 712th year of the 2nd millennium, the 12th year of the 18th century, and the 3rd year of the 1710s decade. As of the start of 1712, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

In the Swedish calendar it began as a leap year starting on Monday and remained so until Thursday, February 29. By adding a second leap day (Friday, February 30) Sweden reverted to the Julian calendar and the rest of the year (from Saturday, March 1) was in sync with the Julian calendar. Sweden finally made the switch from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar in 1753. This year has 367 days.

Events

January–June

• February 10 – A Huilliche rebellion begins in Chiloé Archipelago.
• March 11 (February 30 Swedish Style) – Sweden temporarily adopts February 30, as a day to adjust the Swedish Calendar back to the Julian calendar.
• April 6–7 – New York City's Slave Insurrection results in nine whites being killed, and 21 slaves and other blacks being convicted and executed.
• May 19 – Peter the Great moves the capital of Russia from Moscow to Saint Petersburg.
• May 22 – Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor is crowned King of Hungary.

July–December

• July 24
  • Battle of Denain: The French defeat a combined Dutch-Austrian force.
  • Battle of Villmergen: The Reformed cantons of Switzerland defeat the Catholic cantons.
• December 9 – Battle of Gadebusch: Sweden defeats Denmark and Saxony.

Date unknown

• The Treaty of Aargau is signed by Catholics and Protestants, establishing Protestant dominance in Switzerland, while preserving the rights of Catholics.
• The first known working Newcomen steam engine is built by Thomas Newcomen with John Calley, to pump water out of mines in the Black Country of England, the first device to make practical use of the power of steam to produce mechanical work.
• After many years of settlement, the Town on Queen Anne's Creek is established as a courthouse for Chowan County, North Carolina. The town is renamed Edenton in 1720, and incorporated in 1722.
• The VOC Zuytdorp is wrecked off the coast of Western Australia.
• John Arbuthnot creates the character of John Bull, to represent Britain.

Births

• January 1 – Sir Richard Acton, 5th Baronet of England (d. 1791)
• January 2 – Marie-Angélique Memmie Le Blanc, French feral child (d. 1775)
• January 5 – Hongzhou, Manchu prince of the Qing Dynasty (d. 1770)
• January 17 – John Stanley, English composer (d. 1786)

Frederick II of Prussia

• January 24 – Frederick the Great, King of Prussia (1740–1786) (d. 1786)
• January 24 – Georg Friedrich Schmidt, German artist (d. 1775)
• January 24 – Charles Moore, 1st Earl of Charleville (d. 1764)
• January 28 – Tokugawa Ieshige, Japanese Tokugawa shogun (d. 1761)
• January 29 – Ralph Bigland, British officer of arms (d. 1784)
• February 2 – Lydia Taft, American suffragist (d. 1778)
• February 19 – Arthur Devis, British artist (d. 1787)
• February 26 – Nasir Jung, Head of Hyderabad State (d. 1750)
• February 26 – Nasir Jang Mir Ahmad, son of Turkic noble Nizam-ul-Mulk (d. 1750)
• February 28 – Louis-Joseph de Montcalm, French general (d. 1759)
• March 4 – Joachim Friedrich Henckel, Prussian surgeon (d. 1769)
• March 8 – John Fothergill, British botanist (d. 1780)
• March 12 – Sir Hew Dalrymple, 2nd Baronet, Scottish politician and MP for Haddington Burghs on two occasions (d. 1790)
• March 15 – Lambert Krahe, German artist (d. 1790)
• March 19 – Joseph Frye, American general (d. 1794)
• March 22 – Edward Moore, British writer (d. 1757)
• March 27 – Claude Bourgelat, French veterinary surgeon (d. 1779)
• March 28 – Qing Dynasty Empress Xiaoxianchun (d. 1748)
• March 31 – Anders Johan von Höpken, Swedish politician (d. 1789)
• April 8 – Pierre Pouchot, French engineer (d. 1769)
• April 27 – Devasahayam Pillai, beatified Indian Catholic (d. 1752)
• April 28 – James Hewitt, 1st Viscount Lifford, Lord Chancellor of Ireland (d. 1789)
• May 2 – Thomas Bond, American physician and surgeon (d. 1784)
• May 5 – Janusz Aleksander Sanguszko, Court Marshal of Lithuania (d. 1775)
• May 9 – William Pitcairn, British physician (d. 1791)
• May 12 – Charles William Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (d. 1757)
• May 13 – Count Johann Hartwig Ernst von Bernstorff (d. 1772)
• May 18 – Increase Moseley, American politician (d. 1795)
• May 27 – Sir Thomas Cave, 5th Baronet of England (d. 1778)
• May 28 – Jacques Claude Marie Vincent de Gournay, French economist (d. 1759)
• May 29 – Thomas Dimsdale, English physician, banker (d. 1800)
• June 7 – Infante Philip of Spain, Spanish infante (d. 1719)
• June 11 – Benjamin Ingham, American missionary (d. 1772)
• June 14 – Sayat-Nova, Armenian musician and poet (d. 1795)
• June 15 – Andrew Gordon, British physicist (d. 1751)
• June 21 – Luc Urbain de Bouëxic, comte de Guichen, French admiral (d. 1790)
• June 26 – Johann Andreas Silbermann, German organ builder (d. 1783)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• June 28 – Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Genevan philosopher (d. 1778)
• July 4 – George Hadow, British historian (d. 1780)
• July 12 – Thomas Estcourt Cresswell, British politician (d. 1788)
• July 12 – Sir Francis Bernard, 1st Baronet, Colonial governor of New Jersey and Massachusetts Bay (d. 1779)
• July 18 – Karl Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, German noble (d. 1743)
• July 19 – Carl Fredrik Mennander, Swedish bishop (d. 1786)
• July 21 – Johann Karl Philipp von Cobenzl, 18th-century politician (d. 1770)
• July 26 – William Pery, 1st Baron Glentworth, Anglican bishop (d. 1794)
• July 26 – George Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu (d. 1790)
• July 31 – Johann Samuel König, German mathematician (d. 1757)
• August 2 – Prince George of Kartli, Georgian prince (d. 1786)
• August 12 – Karl Jakob Weber, Italian archaeologist (d. 1764)
• August 12 – Jonas Hanway, English traveller, philanthropist (d. 1786)
• August 15 – César Gabriel de Choiseul, French officer (d. 1785)
• August 26 – Tadeusz Franciszek Ogiński, Polish noble (d. 1783)
• August 27 – William Graham, 2nd Duke of Montrose, son of James Graham (d. 1790)
• August 30 – George Montgomerie, British politician (d. 1766)
• September 11 – Giovanni Targioni Tozzetti, Italian naturalist (d. 1783)
• September 15 – Pierre Simon Fournier, French typographer (d. 1768)
• September 25 – James Veitch, Lord Elliock, Scottish politician (d. 1793)
• September 26 – Dominique de La Rochefoucauld, French Catholic cardinal (d. 1800)
• September 26 – Alexander Hamilton, Scottish-born doctor and writer from colonial Maryland (d. 1756)
• October 1 – William Shippen, American anatomist (d. 1801)
• October 5 – Francesco Guardi, Italian painter (d. 1793)
• October 8 – Alison Cockburn, British poet (d. 1794)

George Grenville

• October 14 – George Grenville, Prime Minister of Great Britain (1763-1765) (d. 1770)
• October 14 – John Thomas, Dean of Westminster; Bishop of Rochester (d. 1793)
• October 15 – Leslie Corry, Irish politician (d. 1741)
• October 17 – Age Wijnalda, Dutch Mennonite minister (d. 1792)
• October 17 – Landgravine Eleonore of Hesse-Rotenburg, Countess (d. 1759)
• October 18 – Jeremias van Riemsdijk, Dutch colonial governor (d. 1777)
• October 19 – Pedro, Prince of Brazil, second child of John V of Portugal and Maria Ana of Austria (d. 1714)
• October 21 – James Steuart, Scottish economist (d. 1780)
• October 22 – James Hamilton, 8th Earl of Abercorn (d. 1789)
• October 24 – Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp, German duchess (d. 1760)
• October 24 – Jonathan Nichols, Jr., Rhode Island colonial deputy governor (d. 1756)
• October 30 – Christian Wilhelm Ernst Dietrich, German artist (d. 1774)
• October 30 – Giovanni Pietro Francesco Agius de Soldanis, Maltese linguist, historian and cleric (d. 1770)
• October 31 – Prince Moritz of Anhalt-Dessau, German general (d. 1760)
• November 4 – Charles de Fitz-James, Marshal of France (d. 1787)
• November 4 – Charles Louis de Marbeuf, French general (d. 1786)
• November 7 – Antoine Choquet de Lindu, French architect (d. 1790)
• November 11 – Hugolín Gavlovič, Slovak priest, Baroque writer (d. 1787)
• November 24 – Ali II ibn Hussein, fourth leader of the Husainid Dynasty, and ruler of Tunisia (d. 1782)
• November 25 – Charles-Michel de l'Épée, French priest and educator of the deaf (d. 1789)
• December 1 – George Boscawen, British general (d. 1775)
• December 3 – William Sawyer, English cricketer (d. 1761)
• December 3 – Joseph Relph, British poet (d. 1743)
• December 9 – Alexander Murray of Elibank, fourth son of Alexander Murray (d. 1778)
• December 11 – Francesco Algarotti, Venetian philosopher (d. 1764)
• December 12 – François-Antoine Devaux, French writer (d. 1796)
• December 12 – Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine (d. 1780)
• December 25 – Pietro Chiari, Italian playwright (d. 1785)
• December 31 – Charles, Prince of Nassau-Usingen, Prince of Nassau-Usingen (1718-1775) and Nassau-Saarbrücken (1728-1735) (d. 1775)
• December 31 – Peter Böhler, German-English Moravian missionary (d. 1775)
• date unknown – Angélique du Coudray, French pioneer of modern midwifery (d. 1789)

Deaths

• January 5 – Richard Jones, 1st Earl of Ranelagh, Irish politician (b. 1641)
• January 10 – John Houblon, first Governor of the Bank of England (1694-1697) (b. 1632)
• February 2 – Martin Lister, English naturalist, physician (b. c. 1638)
• February 12 – Marie Adélaïde of Savoy, wife of Louis, Dauphin of France, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1685)
• February 18 – Louis, duc de Bourgogne, heir to the throne of France (b. 1682)
• February 22 – Nicolas Catinat, French military commander and Marshal of France under Louis XIV (b. 1637)
• February 27 – Bahadur Shah I, Mughal Emperor of India (b. 1643)
• March 2 – Lorenzo Magalotti, Italian philosopher (b. 1637)
• March 18 – Azim-ush-Shan, Mughal prince (b. 1664)
• March 25 – Nehemiah Grew, English naturalist (b. 1641)

Jan van der Heyden

• March 28 – Jan van der Heyden, Dutch painter (b. 1637)
• March 30 – Johann Friedrich Mayer (theologian), German Lutheran theologian (b. 1650)
• April 9 – Giuseppe Archinto, Italian cardinal, Archbishop of Milan (b. 1651)
• April 11 – Richard Simon, French Biblical critic (b. 1638)
• April 27 – John Crowne, English playwright (b. 1641)
• April 29 – Juan Bautista Cabanilles, Spanish composer (b. 1644)
• April 30 – Philipp van Limborch, Dutch Protestant theologian (b. 1633)
• May 6 – Henric Piccardt, Dutch lawyer (b. 1636)
• May 20 – Christian Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (1655–1712) (b. 1644)
• June 10 – Christian Franz Paullini, German physician (b. 1643)
• June 11 – Louis Joseph, Duke of Vendôme, French military commander (b. 1654)
• June 24 – Simon van der Stel, last Commander and first Governor of the Cape Colony (b. 1639)
• July 1 – William King, English poet (b. 1663)
• July 4 – Johann Kasimir Kolbe von Wartenberg, Prussian politician (b. 1643)

Richard Cromwell

• July 12 – Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland (b. 1626)
• July 13 – Isaac de Porthau, Gascon black musketeer of the Maison du Roi (b. 1617)
• July 28 – Theodorus Janssonius van Almeloveen, Dutch classical scholar (b. 1657)
• July 26 – Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds, English statesman (b. 1631)
• August 3 – Joshua Barnes, English scholar (b. 1654)
• August 7 – Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow, German composer (b. 1663)
• August 11 – Magdalena Sibylla of Hesse-Darmstadt, German regent (b. 1652)
• August 18 – Richard Savage, 4th Earl Rivers, English soldier (b. c. 1660)
• August 26 – Sebastian Anton Scherer, German organist and composer (b. 1631)
• August 29 – Gregory King, English statistician (b. 1648)
• September 9 – North Carolina Governor Edward Hyde (c. 1650-1712) (b. c. 1650)

Giovanni Domenico Cassini

• September 14 – Giovanni Domenico Cassini, Italian-French astronomer and engineer (b. 1625)
• September 15 – Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin, English politician (b. c.1645)
• September 23 – Thomas Halyburton, Scottish theologian (b. 1674)
• October 4 – Philip Reinhard, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg (b. 1664)
• October 25 – Ōkubo Tadatomo, Japanese daimyō (b. 1632)
• October 30 – Daniel Erich, German organist and composer (b. 1649)
• November 5 – Charles Honoré d'Albert, duc de Luynes, French noble (b. 1646)
• November 12 – Tokugawa Ienobu, Japanese Edo shogun (b. 1662)
• November 15
  • James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton, Scottish peer (b. 1658)
  • Charles Mohun, 4th Baron Mohun, English politician (b. 1675)
• November 19 – Wolfgang Carl Briegel, German organist and composer (b. 1626)
• November 20 – Humphrey Humphreys, British bishop (b. 1648)
• November 26 – Pietro Dandini, Italian painter (b. 1646)
• November 30 – Sir Henry Furnese, 1st Baronet, English merchant and politician (b. 1658)
• date unknown – Baltacı Mehmet Pasha, Ottoman (Turkish) grand vizier (b. 1662)