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Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)

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Assembly of the Republic

Assembleia da República
14th Assembly of the Republic
Coat of arms or logo
Emblem of the Assembly of the Republic
Logo
Flag of the Assembly of the Republic
Type
Type
Leadership
Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues, PS
since 23 October 2015
Vice-Presidents
Structure
Seats230
Current Structure of the Assembly of the Republic
Political groups
Government (108)
  •   PS (108)

Opposition (122)

Elections
Party-list proportional representation
D'Hondt method
Closed list
Last election
6 October 2019
Next election
8 October 2023 or earlier
Meeting place
São Bento Palace, Lisbon, Portugal
Website
parlamento.pt
Politics of Portugal
Coat of arms of Portugal
Constitution
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Elections
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations

The Assembly of the Republic (Portuguese: Assembleia da República, pronounced [ɐsẽˈblɐjɐ dɐ ʁɛˈpublikɐ]) is the parliament of Portugal. According to the Constitution of Portugal, the unicameral parliament "is the representative assembly of all Portuguese citizens." The constitution names the assembly as one of the country's organs of supreme authority.

It is located in a historical building in Lisbon, referred to as Palácio de São Bento (Palace of Saint Benedict), the site of an old Benedictine monastery. The Palácio de São Bento has been the seat of the Portuguese parliaments since 1834 (Cortes until 1910, Congress from 1911 to 1926 and National Assembly from 1933 to 1974).

Powers and duties of the Assembly

The Assembly of the Republic's powers derives from its power to dismiss a government through a vote of no confidence, to change the country's laws, and to amend the constitution (this one requires a majority of two-thirds). In addition to these key powers, the constitution grants to the Assembly extensive legislative powers and substantial control over the budget, the right to authorize the government to raise taxes and grant loans, the power to ratify treaties and other kinds of international agreements, and the duty to approve or reject decisions by the President of the Republic to declare war and make peace. The assembly also appoints many members of important state institutions, such as ten of the thirteen members of the Constitutional Court and seven of the sixteen members of the Council of State.

The constitution requires the assembly to quickly review and approve an incoming government's program. Parliamentary rules allow the assembly to call for committees of inquiry to examine the government's actions. Political opposition represented in the assembly has the power to review the cabinet's actions, even though it is unlikely that the actions can be reversed. Party groups can also call for interpellations that require debates about specific government policies.

Structure

The assembly consisted at first of 250 members, but the constitutional reforms of 1989 reduced its number to between 180 and 230. Members are elected by popular vote for legislative terms of four years from the country's twenty-two constituencies (eighteen in mainland Portugal corresponding to each district, one for each autonomous region, Azores (Portuguese: Açores) and Madeira, one for Portuguese living in Europe and a last one for those living in the rest of the world. Except for the constituencies for Portuguese living abroad, which are fixed at two members each, the number of voters registered in a constituency determines the number of its members in the assembly, using the D'Hondt method of proportional representation. Constituencies vary greatly in size; from as large as the district of Lisbon, which returns 48 representatives, to as small as the district of Portalegre, which elects just two.

For the 2019 legislative elections, the MPs distributed by districts were as follows:[3]

District Number of MPs Map
Lisbon 48
Porto 40
Braga 19
Setúbal 18
Aveiro 16
Leiria 10
Coimbra, Faro and Santarém 9 each
Viseu 8
Madeira and Viana do Castelo 6 each
Azores and Vila Real 5 each
Guarda and Castelo Branco 4 each
Beja, Bragança, Évora e Guarda 3 each
Portalegre, Europe and Outside Europe 2 each

According to the constitution, members of the assembly represent the entire country, not the constituency from which they are elected. This directive has been reinforced in practice by the strong role of political parties in regard to members of the assembly. Party leadership, for example, determines in which areas candidates are to run for office, thus often weakening members' ties to their constituencies. Moreover, members of the assembly are expected to vote with their party and to work within parliamentary groups based on party membership. Party discipline is strong, and insubordinate members can be coerced through a variety of means. A further obstacle to members' independence is that their bills first have to be submitted to the parliamentary groups, and it is these groups' leaders who set the assembly's agenda.

The President of the Assembly of the Republic is the second hierarchical figure in the Portuguese state, after the President of the Portuguese Republic, and is elected by secret vote of the members of parliament. The President of the Assembly is aided by four vice-presidents, nominated by the other parties represented in the parliament, and is usually the speaker.[original research?] When he is not present, one of the vice-presidents takes the role of speaker. When the President of the Republic is, for any reason, unable to perform to job, the President of the Assembly of the Republic becomes his substitute.

Current composition

style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FF66FF;" data-sort-value="Socialist Party (Portugal)" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FF9900;" data-sort-value="Social Democratic Party (Portugal)" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #8B0000;" data-sort-value="Left Bloc" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FF0000;" data-sort-value="Portuguese Communist Party" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0093DD;" data-sort-value="CDS – People's Party" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #008080;" data-sort-value="People–Animals–Nature" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #2C8028;" data-sort-value="Ecologist Party "The Greens"" |
Party Parliamentary leader Seats %
Socialist Party Ana Catarina Mendes 108 47.0
Social Democratic Party Adão Silva 79 34.4
Left Bloc Pedro Filipe Soares 19 8.2
Portuguese Communist Party João Oliveira 10 4.4
People's Party Telmo Correia [pt] 5 2.2
People–Animals–Nature Inês Sousa Real 3 1.3
Ecologist Party "The Greens" José Luís Ferreira 2 0.9
CHEGA André Ventura 1 0.4
Liberal Initiative João Cotrim de Figueiredo 1 0.4
style="width:10px; background:Template:Independent/meta/color; text-align:center;"| Independent Joacine Katar Moreira
Cristina Rodrigues 		2 0.8
 Total 230 100.0

Latest election

Main article: 2019 Portuguese legislative election

National summary

style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FF66FF;" data-sort-value="Socialist Party (Portugal)" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FF9900;" data-sort-value="Social Democratic Party (Portugal)" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #8B0000;" data-sort-value="Left Bloc" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FF0000;" data-sort-value="Unitary Democratic Coalition" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0093DD;" data-sort-value="CDS – People's Party" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: darkseagreen;" data-sort-value="LIVRE" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #CC0000;" data-sort-value="Communist Party of the Portuguese Workers / Reorganizative Movement of the Party of the Proletariat" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #002147;" data-sort-value="National Renovator Party" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #013220;" data-sort-value="Earth Party" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: gold;" data-sort-value="We, the Citizens!" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: green;" data-sort-value="Together for the People" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #2A5392;" data-sort-value="People's Monarchist Party (Portugal)" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #CC0033;" data-sort-value="Portuguese Labour Party" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: crimson;" data-sort-value="Socialist Alternative Movement" |
Summary of the 6 October 2019 Assembly of the Republic elections results
Parties Votes % ±pp swing MPs MPs %/
votes %
2015 2019 ± % ±
Socialist 1,903,687 36.35 Increase4.0 86 108 Increase22 46.96 Increase9.6 1.29
Social Democratic 1,454,283 27.77 [a] 89 79 Decrease10 34.35 Decrease4.3 1.24
Left Bloc 498,549 9.52 Decrease0.7 19 19 Steady0 8.26 Steady0.0 0.87
Unitary Democratic Coalition 332,018 6.34 Decrease1.9 17 12 Decrease5 5.22 Decrease2.2 0.82
People's 221,094 4.22 [a] 18 5 Decrease13 2.17 Decrease5.6 0.51
People–Animals–Nature 173,931 3.32 Increase1.9 1 4 Increase3 1.74 Increase1.3 0.52
CHEGA 67,502 1.29 — — 1 — 0.43 — 0.33
Liberal Initiative 67,443 1.29 — — 1 — 0.43 — 0.33
LIVRE 56,940 1.09 Increase0.4 0 1 Increase1 0.43 Increase0.4 0.39
Alliance 40,175 0.77 — — 0 — 0.00 — 0.0
Communist Party of the Portuguese Workers / Reorganizative Movement of the Party of the Proletariat 36,006 0.69 Decrease0.4 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
React, Include, Recycle 35,169 0.67 — — 0 — 0.00 — 0.0
National Renovator 16,992 0.32 Decrease0.2 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
Earth 12,888 0.25 Decrease0.2 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
We, the Citizens! 12,346 0.24 Decrease0.2 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
Democratic Republican 11,674 0.22 Decrease0.9 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
United Party of Retirees and Pensioners 11,457 0.22 Decrease0.1 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
Together for the People 10,552 0.20 Decrease0.1 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
PPM 8,389 0.16 Decrease0.1 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
Labour 8,271 0.16 [b] 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
Socialist Alternative Movement 3,243 0.06 [b] 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
Total valid 4,982,609 95.14 Decrease1.1 230 230 Steady0 100.00 Steady0 —
Blank ballots 131,302 2.51 Increase0.4
Invalid ballots 123,573 2.36 Increase0.7
Total 5,237,484 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 10,777,258 48.60 Decrease7.3
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições
Vote share
PS
 
 36.35%
PSD
 
 27.77%
BE
 
 9.52%
CDU
 
 6.34%
CDS-PP
 
 4.22%
PAN
 
 3.32%
CH
 
 1.29%
IL
 
 1.29%
L
 
 1.09%
Alliance
 
 0.77%
PCTP/MRPP
 
 0.69%
RIR
 
 0.67%
Others
 
 1.83%
Blank/Invalid
 
 4.87%
Parliamentary seats
PS
 
 46.96%
PSD
 
 34.35%
BE
 
 8.26%
CDU
 
 5.22%
CDS-PP
 
 2.17%
PAN
 
 1.74%
CH
 
 0.43%
IL
 
 0.43%
L
 
 0.43%

Distribution by constituency

e • d Results of the 2019 election of the Portuguese Assembly of the Republic
by constituency
Constituency % S % S % S % S % S % S % S % S % S Total
S
PS PSD BE CDU CDS–PP PAN CH IL L
Azores style="background:Template:Socialist Party (Portugal)/meta/color; color:white;"| 40.1 3 30.2 2 8.0 - 2.5 - 4.8 - 2.7 - 0.9 - 0.7 - 0.9 - 5
Aveiro style="background:Template:Socialist Party (Portugal)/meta/color; color:white;"| 34.3 7 33.6 6 10.0 2 3.1 - 5.7 1 3.0 - 0.7 - 1.0 - 0.7 - 16
Beja style="background:Template:Socialist Party (Portugal)/meta/color; color:white;"| 40.7 2 13.3 - 9.1 - 22.8 1 2.3 - 2.0 - 2.0 - 0.4 - 0.6 - 3
Braga style="background:Template:Socialist Party (Portugal)/meta/color; color:white;"| 36.4 8 34.1 8 8.9 2 4.0 - 4.1 1 2.6 - 0.7 - 0.8 - 0.7 - 19
Bragança 36.5 1 style="background:Template:Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color; color:white;"| 40.8 2 6.0 - 2.1 - 4.5 - 1.3 - 0.8 - 0.4 - 0.3 - 3
Castelo Branco style="background:Template:Socialist Party (Portugal)/meta/color; color:white;"| 40.9 3 26.3 1 11.1 - 4.8 - 3.7 - 2.4 - 1.3 - 0.6 - 0.9 - 4
Coimbra style="background:Template:Socialist Party (Portugal)/meta/color; color:white;"| 39.0 5 26.6 3 11.2 1 5.6 - 3.5 - 2.6 - 0.9 - 0.8 - 0.9 - 9
EvoraÉvora style="background:Template:Socialist Party (Portugal)/meta/color; color:white;"| 38.3 2 17.5 - 9.0 - 18.9 1 3.4 - 2.0 - 2.2 - 0.7 - 0.7 - 3
Faro style="background:Template:Socialist Party (Portugal)/meta/color; color:white;"| 36.8 5 22.3 3 12.3 1 7.1 - 3.8 - 4.8 - 2.1 - 0.8 - 1.0 - 9
Guarda style="background:Template:Socialist Party (Portugal)/meta/color; color:white;"| 37.6 2 34.3 1 7.8 - 3.0 - 5.0 - 1.6 - 1.5 - 0.6 - 0.5 - 3
Leiria 31.1 4 style="background:Template:Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color; color:white;"| 33.5 5 9.4 1 4.3 - 5.3 - 2.9 - 1.5 - 0.9 - 0.9 - 10
Lisbon style="background:Template:Socialist Party (Portugal)/meta/color; color:white;"| 36.7 20 22.6 12 9.7 5 7.8 4 4.4 2 4.4 2 2.0 1 2.5 1 2.1 1 48
Madeira 33.4 3 style="background:Template:Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color; color:white;"| 37.1 3 5.2 - 2.1 - 6.1 - 1.8 - 0.7 - 0.7 - 0.4 - 6
Portalegre style="background:Template:Socialist Party (Portugal)/meta/color; color:white;"| 44.7 2 20.1 - 10.5 - 8.1 - 3.8 - 1.7 - 2.7 - 0.5 - 0.6 - 2
Porto style="background:Template:Socialist Party (Portugal)/meta/color; color:white;"| 36.7 17 31.2 15 10.1 4 4.8 2 3.3 1 3.5 1 0.6 - 1.5 - 1.0 - 40
Santarém style="background:Template:Socialist Party (Portugal)/meta/color; color:white;"| 37.1 4 25.2 3 10.2 1 7.6 1 4.7 - 2.6 - 2.0 - 0.8 - 0.9 - 9
Setúbal style="background:Template:Socialist Party (Portugal)/meta/color; color:white;"| 38.6 9 14.4 3 12.1 2 15.8 3 3.0 - 4.4 1 1.9 - 1.1 - 1.2 - 18
Viana do Castelo style="background:Template:Socialist Party (Portugal)/meta/color; color:white;"| 34.8 3 33.8 3 8.5 - 4.0 - 6.2 - 2.4 - 0.7 - 0.6 - 0.6 - 6
Vila Real 37.2 2 style="background:Template:Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color; color:white;"| 39.0 3 6.1 - 2.5 - 4.5 - 1.7 - 0.8 - 0.4 - 0.6 - 5
Viseu 35.4 4 style="background:Template:Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color; color:white;"| 36.2 4 7.9 - 2.3 - 5.9 - 2.1 - 1.0 - 0.6 - 0.5 - 8
Europe style="background:Template:Socialist Party (Portugal)/meta/color; color:white;"| 29.1 1 18.8 1 5.7 - 2.5 - 3.0 - 4.9 - 0.9 - 0.8 - 1.1 - 2
Rest of the World 20.2 1 style="background:Template:Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color; color:white;"| 33.4 1 3.5 - 1.0 - 4.7 - 4.3 - 0.9 - 2.5 - 0.7 - 2
Total style="background:Template:Socialist Party (Portugal)/meta/color; color:white;"| 36.4 108 27.8 79 9.5 19 6.3 12 4.2 5 3.3 4 1.3 1 1.3 1 1.1 1 230
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições

Composition of the Assembly of the Republic since 1975

  • 1975-1976
    1975-1976
  • 1976-1979
    1976-1979
  • 1979-1980
    1979-1980
  • 1980-1983
    1980-1983
  • 1983-1985
    1983-1985
  • 1985-1987
    1985-1987
  • 1987-1991
    1987-1991
  • 1991-1995
    1991-1995
  • 1995-1999
    1995-1999
  • 1999-2002
    1999-2002
  • 2002-2005
    2002-2005
  • 2005-2009
    2005-2009
  • 2009-2011
    2009-2011
  • 2011-2015
    2011-2015
  • 2015–2019
    2015–2019
  • 2019–2023
    2019–2023

Presidents of the Assembly of the Republic

Main article: List of Presidents of the Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b The Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the People's Party (CDS–PP) contested the 2015 election in a coalition called Portugal Ahead (PàF) and won a combined 38.6% of the vote and elected 107 MPs to parliament.
  2. ^ a b The Socialist Alternative Movement (MAS) and the Portuguese Labour Party (PTP) contested the 2015 election in a coalition called AGIR! (Act!) and won a combined 0.4% of the vote.

References

  1. ^ "Joacine passa a ser deputada não inscrita". Jornal de Notícias (in Portuguese). 2020-02-03. Retrieved 2020-11-29.
  2. ^ "Cristina Rodrigues deixa PAN e passa a deputada não inscrita". Notícias ao Minuto (in Portuguese). 2020-06-25. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
  3. ^ "Mapa Oficial nº 2-A 2015" (PDF). CNE - Comissão Nacional de Eleições - Diário da República, 1.a série—N.o 154-10 de agosto de 2015. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
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