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Francis Crick Institute

Coordinates: 51°31′53″N 0°07′44″W / 51.5315°N 0.1289°W / 51.5315; -0.1289
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The Francis Crick Institute
Established2010 (2010)
TypeResearch institute
Registration no.England and Wales: 1140062
FocusMedical research
Location
Coordinates51°31′53″N 0°07′44″W / 51.5315°N 0.1289°W / 51.5315; -0.1289
Chief Executive
Sir Paul Nurse
Websitecrick.ac.uk

The Francis Crick Institute (formerly the UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation) is a biomedical research centre in London, which was established in 2010 and opened in 2016.[1][2][3][4] The institute is a partnership between Cancer Research UK, Imperial College London, King's College London (KCL), the Medical Research Council, University College London (UCL) and the Wellcome Trust.[5] The institute has 1,500 staff, including 1,250 scientists, and an annual budget of over £100 million,[6] making it the biggest single biomedical laboratory in Europe.[2]

The institute is named after the molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist Francis Crick, co-discoverer of the structure of DNA, who shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine with James Watson and Maurice Wilkins. Unofficially, the Crick has been called Sir Paul's Cathedral, a reference to Sir Paul Nurse and St Paul's Cathedral in London.[7]

History

Background

In 2003, the Medical Research Council decided that its National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR) would need to relocate from Mill Hill. A Task Force, one of whose external members was Sir Paul Nurse, was established to consider options.[8] Sites eventually rejected included Addenbrooke's[8] and the National Temperance Hospital.[9]

On 11 February 2005, it was announced that NIMR would relocate to University College London,[10] but this was dependent on funding from the government's Large Facilities Capital Fund and did not proceed.[11]

In December 2006, the Cooksey Review, commissioned by the Chancellor Gordon Brown in March, was published. It assessed the strategic priorities of UK health research, highlighting in particular the importance of translating basic research into health and economic benefits.[12]

Founding: initially named as UKCMRI

The creation of the UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation (UKCMRI) was announced by the then British Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, on 5 December 2007.[13][14] On 13 June 2008, the 3.5 acre eventual site on Brill Place was bought for UKCMRI for £85m, of which £46.75m was provided by MRC.[15]

David Cooksey was chair of the Francis Crick Institute from 2009 to August 2017.

On 15 July 2010 it was announced that Nobel laureate Paul Nurse would be the first director and chief executive of the UKCMRI.[16] He took up his post on 1 January 2011.[17] On 20 October 2010, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, confirmed that the British Government would be contributing £220 million over four years towards the capital cost of the centre.[18]

Finally, on 11 November 2010, Cancer Research UK, the Medical Research Council, UCL and the Wellcome Trust signed an agreement to establish the UKCMRI as a charitable foundation, subject to the agreement of the Charity Commission.[1][19][20] On 14 December 2010, Camden Council granted the planning approval for the scheme which had been submitted on 1 September.[21][22]

An image of Francis Crick
Francis Crick (above) and James Watson were two Cambridge scholars who created the first double-helix model of DNA and are the "fathers of modern genetics".

On 15 April 2011 it was announced that Imperial College London and King's College London would be joining the UKCMRI as partners and that both had signed a memorandum of understanding to commit £40 million each to the project.[5]

Renamed as Francis Crick Institute

On 25 May 2011, it was announced that the UKCMRI would be renamed the Francis Crick Institute in July to coincide with ground being broken on the construction of its building, in honour of the British scientist and Nobel Prize winner Francis Crick.[23] In July 2011 the UKCMRI was renamed the Francis Crick Institute.[23] A dedication ceremony for the new building was held on 11 October 2011, attended by Mayor of London Boris Johnson, David Willetts MP and Sir Paul Nurse. Francis Crick's surviving daughter Gabrielle gave a short speech, while his son Mike donated Crick's California licence plate "AT GC" into a time capsule buried during the ceremony.[24] On 6 June 2013 a topping out ceremony was held, the institute's science strategy was announced and a £3 million grant from the Wolfson Foundation was confirmed.[25][26][27]

In mid August 2016, construction work finished and the building was handed over. The first scientists moved in on 1 September.[28] On 9 November 2016 the Francis Crick Institute was officially opened by the Queen, accompanied by the Duke of Edinburgh and the Duke of York. During the visit a portrait of Francis Crick by Robert Ballagh was unveiled.[29][30] As part of her tour, The Queen started the sequencing of the genome of the Crick's director, Sir Paul Nurse – all three billion letters in his DNA code.[31]

Governance and organisation

Paul Nurse, director and chief executive of the Institute since 2011

Leadership

The Crick is a registered charity led by a board of trustees, an executive committee, a scientific management committee and a scientific advisory board.[32] As of 2019 the board is chaired by John Browne and includes Maggie Dallman, David Lomas, Robert Lechler, Kate Bingham, Jeremy Farrar, Isabelle Ealet, Iain Foulkes, Brian Gilvary, Ottoline Leyser, Menelas N. Pangalos and Fiona Watt.

The executive committee is staffed by Paul Nurse (director and chief executive) and includes Sam Barrell (chief operating officer), Richard Treisman (director of research), Steven J. Gamblin, Malcolm Irving, Fiona Roberts, Stephane Maikovsky, Jane Hughes and Dan Fitz.[32]

Partners

The participants in the Francis Crick Institute providing funding for its construction and establishment were:[5][20]

Organisations Funding Comments
Medical Research Council £300 million Founding partner (UKCMRI), including incorporating their National Institute for Medical Research
Cancer Research UK £160 million Founding partner (UKCMRI), including incorporating their London Research Institute
Wellcome Trust £120 million Founding partner (UKCMRI)
University College London (UCL) £40 million Founding partner (UKCMRI)
Imperial College London £40 million
King's College London (KCL) £40 million

Research

Areas of research

The institute is a biomedical discovery institute aiming to help understand why disease develops and to find new ways to treat, diagnose and prevent illnesses such as cancer, heart disease, stroke, infections and neurodegenerative diseases.[33]

The absence of any mental illness research was contrary to the avowed UK push for 'parity of esteem' for mental health.[34]

Current science programme

The institute defines its research programme as exploring "seven high-level science questions reflecting both major issues of interest in biomedical research and the current research strategies of its six founders". According to the institute, these questions are:[35]

  • How does a living organism acquire form and function?
  • How do organisms maintain health and balance throughout life and as they age?
  • How can we use biological knowledge to better understand, diagnose and treat human disease?
  • How does cancer start, spread and respond to therapy?
  • How does the immune system know whether, when and how to react?
  • How do microbes and pathogens function and interact with their hosts?
  • How does the nervous system detect, store and respond to information and retain that information throughout life?

In July 2015 GlaxoSmithKline was announced as the institute's first commercial partner. The deal involves contribution of resources and personnel to joint projects.[36][37]

In May 2022, The Francis Crick Institute announced it had received a £50 million pledge from the Chris Banton Foundation, the largest individual philanthropic pledge in the institute's five-year history. The pledge will fund a new meeting hub initiative to accelerate the translation of Crick discoveries into societal benefits.[38]

Achievements and impact

In 2015, Tomas Lindahl, Emeritus group leader at the Francis Crick Institute and Emeritus director of Cancer Research UK at Clare Hall Laboratory, Hertfordshire, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Paul Modrich and Aziz Sancar.[39]

In 2016, Professor Tim Bliss, from the Crick, and Professors Graham Collingridge (University of Bristol) and Richard Morris (University of Edinburgh) were awarded The Brain Prize.[40]

Building and facilities

The Francis Crick Institute building in October 2015

The Francis Crick Institute is located in a state-of-the-art building, opened in 2016, built next to St Pancras railway station in the Camden area of Central London.[6] It consists of four reinforced concrete blocks up to eight storeys high plus four basement levels. The total internal floor area is 82,578 m2 (98,762 sq yd) including 29,179 m2 (34,898 sq yd) of laboratories with 5 km (3.1 mi) of laboratory benching and 21,839 m2 (26,119 sq yd) of associated write up space.[41]

As well as state of the art scientific equipment, much of it extremely sensitive to vibration and electromagnetic emissions, and requiring advanced methods of air handling,[42] over a third of the building is given over to plant rooms and services distribution.[41] The facility incorporates a combined heat and power plant in order to provide low-carbon onsite power.[43] Solar panels installed in the roof provide extra renewable power and all light fittings are energy-efficient.[44] The roof also hides the heating and cooling units. A third of the building is below ground to reduce its visible size and provide further protection to sensitive equipment.[41]

Laboratories within the building are arranged over four floors, made up of four interconnected blocks, designed to encourage interaction between scientists working in different research fields.[45] The institute also includes a public exhibition/gallery space, an educational space, a 450-seat auditorium and a community facility.[46]

'Paradigm', a 14-metre high sculpture made of weathered steel and designed by the British artist Conrad Shawcross, was installed outside the main entrance to the institute in 2016. It is one of the largest public sculptures in London.[47]

Construction timeline

In July 2008 Arup Project Management, who had previously been involved in site evaluation studies, were appointed by the client UKCMRI as project manager for the institute's chosen location at Brill Place.[48] In August the full professional team was appointed, including architect and lead designer HOK, AKT II (structural engineer), Arup (building services engineering) and Turner & Townsend (cost managers).[48][49] In 2010 PLP Architecture was appointed to collaborate with HOK on the building's external envelope and BMJ architects were retained as a biological research facilities consultant.[50]

Following planning approval by Camden in December 2010, Laing O'Rourke was appointed as main contractor in March 2011.[51][52]

Construction began in July 2011 and reached practical completion on time and within budget in August 2016,[41] with researchers starting work in the new building in September.[3][6][53]

The construction cost was £465 million [50] and including fit-out of the building the capital cost of the project was approximately £700 million.[54]

References

  1. ^ a b "Agreement signed to establish UKCMRI". Crick. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  2. ^ a b Jha, Alok (19 June 2010). "Plans for largest biomedical research facility in Europe unveiled". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
  3. ^ a b "Our building". Crick.
  4. ^ Walsh, Fergus (1 September 2016). "The Crick: Europe's biggest biomedical lab opens". BBC News.
  5. ^ a b c "Three's company: Imperial, King's join UCL in £700m medical project". Times Higher Education. 15 April 2011. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
  6. ^ a b c "Project Press Release". UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation web site. 21 June 2010. Archived from the original on 11 September 2010. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
  7. ^ Callaway, Ewen (2015). "Europe's superlab: Sir Paul's cathedral". Nature. 522 (7557): 406–408. doi:10.1038/522406a. PMID 26108834.
  8. ^ a b "The Medical Research Council's Review of the Future of the National Institute for Medical Research" (PDF). House of Commons Science and Technology Committee. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  9. ^ "National Institute for Medical Research". House of Commons Hansard. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  10. ^ "UCL wins lucrative research contract". The Guardian. 11 February 2005. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
  11. ^ "Responses to the Committee's Fourth Report of Session 2004–05" (PDF). House of Commons Science and Technology Committee. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  12. ^ Cooksey, Sir David. "A review of UK health research funding" (PDF). Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  13. ^ "Deal secures £500m medical centre". BBC News. 5 December 2007. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
  14. ^ "London to lead in medical research". The Daily Telegraph. 5 December 2007. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
  15. ^ "Written evidence UK Centre for Medical Research & Innovation (UKCMRI)" (PDF). House of Commons Science and Technology Committee. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  16. ^ "Project Press Release". UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation web site. 15 July 2010. Archived from the original on 11 September 2010. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
  17. ^ "Sir Paul Nurse: Nobel prize-winner Britain's 'most important' scientist". The Daily Telegraph. 7 October 2010. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
  18. ^ Davies, Katie (20 October 2010). "King's Cross super-lab UKCMRI gets go-ahead". Ham & High. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  19. ^ "Green light for £600m medical research centre in London". Construction News. 11 November 2010. Retrieved 11 November 2010.
  20. ^ a b UCL (15 July 2010). "Sir Paul Nurse to head world-leading centre for biomedical research and innovation". UCL News. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  21. ^ "Plans approved for visionary institute". Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  22. ^ "UKCMRI gets planning permission" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  23. ^ a b "A new name for UKCMRI". UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation web site. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  24. ^ e-mail from Mike Crick to Martin Packer 25 October 2011
  25. ^ "Strategy launched at Crick Topping Out Ceremony". Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  26. ^ "Crick Topping Out Ceremony June 2013". Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2013.
  27. ^ "Francis Crick Institute receives £3 million grant". Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  28. ^ "Building work finishes at the Francis Crick Institute". Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  29. ^ "Queen and Duke of Edinburgh open the Francis Crick Institute". Retrieved 17 January 2017.
  30. ^ Kennedy, Maev (8 June 2016). "Francis Crick portrait unveiled to honour breakthrough DNA work". Guardian online. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
  31. ^ Gallagher, Laura. "The Queen opens the Francis Crick Institute - Europe's biggest biomedical lab". Retrieved 17 January 2017.
  32. ^ a b "The Francis Crick Institute leadership". Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  33. ^ The Francis Crick Institute mrc.ukri.org, accessed 18 October 2020
  34. ^ Research Briefingp Parity of Esteem for Mental Health 7 January 2015 post.parliament.uk, accessed 18 October 2020
  35. ^ "Science programme". www.crick.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
  36. ^ Ward, Andrew (14 July 2015). "UK's new biomedical research centre teams up with industry". Financial Times.
  37. ^ Hirschler, Ben; Char, Pravin. "GSK first drugmaker to tie up with new Crick institute". Reuters.
  38. ^ "Francis Crick Institute receives $63 million pledge for research fund". Philanthropy News Digest. 2 May 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  39. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015". NobelPrize.org.
  40. ^ "The Brain Prize Winners 2016". www.thebrainprize.org. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
  41. ^ a b c d "The Francis Crick Institute, London". Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  42. ^ Ferguson, Hugh; Berry, Steve; Partridge, Rob (June 2016). "Francis Crick Institute, London". Ingenia Online (67). Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  43. ^ Francis Crick Institute CHP Plant, www.clarke-energy.com, retrieved 07/07/2014
  44. ^ "Environment". www.crick.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 19 October 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
  45. ^ "Architecture". www.crick.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
  46. ^ "Frequently asked questions (FAQs)". www.crick.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 19 October 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
  47. ^ Waters, Florence (26 February 2016). "Conrad Shawcross unveils imposing new sculpture for The Francis Crick Institute". Wallpaper*.
  48. ^ a b Berry, Steve. "Engineering DNA" (PDF). CIBSE Journal (September 2014): 24–28. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  49. ^ "UCL in partnership". UCL Annual Review: 5. 2008. Archived from the original on 17 January 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  50. ^ a b Bevan, Robert (24 May 2016). "Francis Crick Institute by HOK with PLP". Architects' Journal. Retrieved 20 October 2016.(subscription required)
  51. ^ O’Rourke wins prized £350m superlab contract Construction Enquirer, 2 March 2011
  52. ^ "Laing O'Rourke to be UKCMRI main contractor". Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  53. ^ "Science begins in the new Francis Crick Institute building". The Francis Crick Institute. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
  54. ^ Matthews, David (26 November 2015). "The Francis Crick Institute: science and serendipity". THES. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
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