Family tree of German monarchs

The following image is a family tree of every prince, king, queen, monarch, confederation president and emperor of Germany, from Charlemagne in 800 over Louis the German in 843 through to Wilhelm II in 1918. It shows how almost every single ruler of Germany was related to every other by marriages, and hence they can all be put into a single tree.

For ease of understanding the royal house names and dates have been put in at the appropriate places. The dynasties covered are the Carolingians, Conradines, Ottonians, Salians, Supplinburger, Hohenstaufen, Welf, Habsburg, Nassau, Luxemburg, Wittelsbach, Lorraine, Habsburg-Lorraine, Bonaparte and Hohenzollern.

Only undisputed kings are included here; this excludes rulers whose claims were disputed such as the co-rulers Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall and Alfonso X of Castile.

'King of Germany' does not necessarily mean that the king was referred to as such. Until 911 the kings were known as 'Kings of East Francia'. After that the title fluctuated between 'King of Germany' and 'King of the Germans'. From Henry IV on, the kings were "King of the Romans", a reference to the claim on Rome, although this was not often ruled by them.

Family tree

Family tree of German monarchs

Charlemagne 742/748–814 King of the Franks r. 800–814 Ermengarde of Hesbaye c. 778–818 Louis I the Pious 778–840 King of the Franks r. 813–840 Judith of Bavaria 797/805–843   Carolingian Gebhard d. 879 Count of the Lahngau Louis II the German c. 810–876 King of East Francia r. 843–876 Hemma 803/808–876 Gisela b. 821 Eberhard c. 815–866 Duke of Friuli Udo of Neustria 860–879 Berengar I of Neustria c. 836–aft. 879 Count of Hesse Liutswind Carloman 830–880 King of Bavaria r. 876–880 Irmgard of Chiemsee c. 830/833–866 Louis the Younger 830/835–882 King of Saxony r. 876–882 Liutgard of Saxony c. 845–885 Gisela of Alsace c. 840–895 Berthold I c. 838–896 Count Palatine of Swabia Charles III the Fat 839–888 King of East Francia Richardis c. 840–c. 895 Conrad d. 906 Duke of Thuringia Ota c. 874– 899/903 Arnulf of Carinthia 850–899 King of East Francia r. 887–899 Hugh of Saxony c. 850–880 Louis 876–879 Hildegard Bernhart Henry of Franconia ?–886 ? Ingeltrude 837/840–870   Conradines Conrad I the Younger c. 890–918 King of Germany r. 911–918 Cunigunde of Swabia b. c. 880 Louis III the Child 893–911 King of East Francia r. 900–911 Ratold King of Italy Zwentibold 870–900 King of Lotharingia Oda of Saxony 875/880– aft. 952 Otto I the Illustrious c. 851–912 Duke of Saxony Hedwiga of Babenberg c. 856–903   Ottonian Matilda of Ringelheim c. 895–968 Henry I the Fowler 876–936 King of Germany r. 919–936 Hatheburg Gilbert c. 890–939 Duke of Lorraine Gerberga of Saxony c. 913–984? Louis IV 920–954 King of the Franks Bruno the Great 925–965 Archbishop of Cologne Thankmar c. 908–938 Hugh the Great 898–956 Duke of the Franks Hedwig of Saxony c. 910–965 Eadgyth of England 910–946 Otto I the Great 912–973 King of Germany r. 936–973 Holy Roman Emperor r. 962–973 Adelaide of Italy 931–999 Henry I 919/921–955 Duke of Bavaria Judith of Bavaria 925–c. 985 Hugh Capet c. 941–996 King of the Franks Liudolf c. 930–957 Duke of Swabia Liutgarde 931–953 Conrad c. 922–955 Duke of Lorraine William 929–968 Archbishop of Mainz Otto II the Red 955–983 King of Germany r. 961–983 Holy Roman Emperor r. 967–983 Theophanu c. 955–991 Bruno 954–957? Matilda 954–999 Abbess of Quedlinburg Henry II the Wrangler 951–995 Duke of Bavaria Gisela of Burgundy d. 1006 Otto I c. 948–1004 Duke of Carinthia Judith of Carinthia d. 991 Sophia I 975–1039 Abbess of Gandersheim Adelaide I 977–1044 Abbess of Quedlinburg Matilda of Germany 979–1025 Ezzo c. 955–1034 Count Palatine of Lotharingia Otto III 980–1002 King of Germany r. 983–1002 Holy Roman Emperor r. 996–1002 Cunigunde of Luxembourg c. 975–1040 Henry II 973–1024 King of Germany r. 1002–1024 Holy Roman Emperor r. 1014–1024 Henry of Speyer 965/970– 989/992 Adelaide of Alsace d. 1039/1046? Liudolf of Lotharingia c. 1000–1031 Otto II d. 1047 Duke of Swabia Herman II 995–1056 Archbishop of Cologne Theophanu d. 1058 Abbess of Essen Richeza d. 1063 Queen of Poland Mieszko II Lambert c. 990–1034 King of Poland   Salian Conrad II 990–1039 King of Germany r. 1024–1039 Holy Roman Emperor r. 1027–1039 Gisela of Swabia 989/990 –1043 Ernest I ?–1012–1015 Duke of Swabia Brun I of Brunswick c. 975–c. 1010 Casimir I the Restorer 1016–1058 Duke of Poland Maria Dobroniega of Kiev c. 1012–1087 Gunhilda of Denmark c. 1020–1038 Henry III the Black 1017–1056 King of Germany r. 1028–1056 Holy Roman Emperor r. 1046–1056 Agnes of Poitou c. 1025–1077 Beatrix 1020–c. 1036 Mathilde b. 1027 Beatrice I of Quedlinburg 1037–1061 Rudolf of Rheinfelden c. 1025–1080 Matilda 1048–1060 Adelaide II of Quedlinburg 1045–1096 Bertha of Savoy 1051–1087 Henry IV 1050–1106 King of Germany r. 1053–1105 Holy Roman Emperor r. 1084–1105 Eupraxia of Kiev 1067/1070–1109 Conrad II 1052–1055 Duke of Bavaria Solomon 1053–1087 King of Hungary Judith of Swabia 1054–c. 1105 Władysław I 1044–1102 Duke of Poland   Supplinburger Lothair II 1075–1137 King of Germany r. 1125–1137 Holy Roman Emperor r. 1133–1137 Richenza of Northeim c. 1087/1089– 1141 Henry IX 1075–1126 Duke of Bavaria Adelheid 1070–1079 Henry 1071–1071 Frederick I 1050–1105 Duke of Swabia Agnes of Germany 1072–1143 Leopold III 1073–1136 Mgve of Austria Conrad II 1074–1101 King of Germany r. 1087–1098 Henry V 1086–1125 King of Germany r. 1099–1125 Holy Roman Emperor r. 1111–1125 Matilda of England 1102–1167   Hohenstaufen Gertrude 1115–1143 Henry X the Proud c. 1108–1139 Duke of Bavaria Judith of Bavaria 1103–1131 Frederick II 1090–1147 Duke of Swabia Agnes of Saarbrücken d. c. 1147 Gertrude of Comburg d. 1130/1131 Conrad III 1093–1152 King of Germany r. 1138–1152 Gertrude of Sulzbach c. 1110–1146 Henry the Lion 1129–1195 Duke of Bavaria Matilda of England 1156–1189 Matthias I 1119–1176 Duke of Lorraine Bertha 1123–1195 Adelaide of Vohburg 1135–1190 Frederick I Barbarossa 1122–1190 King of Germany r. 1152–1190 Holy Roman Emperor r. 1155–1190 Beatrice I 1143–1184 Countess of Burgundy Conrad 1135–1195 Count Palatine of the Rhine Judith of Hohenstaufen c. 1133–1191 Henry Berengar 1136–1150 King of Germany r. 1147–1150 Frederick IV 1145–1167 Duke of Swabia Irene Angelina c. 1181–1208 Philip of Swabia 1177–1208 King of Germany r. 1198–1208 Beatrice 1162–1174 William II the Good 1155–1189 King of Sicily Frederick V 1164–1170 Duke of Swabia Frederick VI 1167–1191 Duke of Swabia Joan I 1191–1205 Countess of Burgundy Otto I btw. 1167/1171–1200 Count of Burgundy Beatrice II 1193–1231 Countess of Burgundy Conrad II 1173–1196 Duke of Swabia   Welf Otto IV 1175–1218 King of Germany r. 1198–1209 Holy Roman Emperor r. 1209–1215 Beatrice of Swabia 1198–1212 Kunigunde of Swabia 1202–1248 Wenceslaus I c. 1205–1253 King of Bohemia Renaud 1173 Henry VI 1165–1197 King of Germany r. 1169–1197 Holy Roman Emperor r. 1191–1197 Constance 1154–1198 Queen of Sicily William 1176 Agnes 1181–1184 Gisela 1168–1184 Henry II 1207–1248 Duke of Brabant Maria of Swabia 1201–1235 Elisabeth of Swabia 1205–1235 Ferdinand III 1199/1201–1252 King of Castile Constance of Aragon 1179–1222 Frederick II 1194–1250 King of Germany r. 1212–1250 Holy Roman Emperor r. 1220–1250 Isabella II Queen of Jerusalem Isabella of England 1214–1241 Adelaide of Burgundy c. 1223–1273 Henry III c. 1230–1261 Duke of Brabant Margaret of Austria c. 1204–1266 Henry (VII) 1211–1242 King of Germany r. 1220–1235 Elisabeth of Bavaria c. 1227–1273 Conrad IV (of Sicily) 1228–1254 King of Germany r. 1237–1254 Margareta 1226–1227 Henry Otto 1238–1253 Margaret of Sicily 1241–1270 Albert II 1240–1314 Mgve of Meissen Margaret of Flanders d. 1285 John I 1252–1294 Duke of Brabant Albert IV c. 1188–1239 Count of Habsburg Hedwig of Kyburg Conradin 1252–1268 King of Jerusalem Frederick I 1257–1323 Mgve of Meissen   Habsburg Isabella of Burgundy 1270–1323 Rudolf I 1218–1291 King of Germany r. 1273–1291 Gertrude of Hohenberg c. 1225–1281 Hartmann 1263–1281 Elizabeth of Carinthia c. 1262–1312 Albert I 1255–1308 King of Germany r. 1298–1308 Catherine 1256–1282 Otto III 1261–1312 Duke of Bavaria Agnes c. 1257–1322 Albert II c. 1250–1298 Duke of Saxony Hedwig of Habsburg d. 1285/1286 Otto VI c. 1255–1303 Mgve of Brandenburg Clemence of Austria 1262–1293/1295 Charles Martel of Anjou 1271–1295 Blanche of France c. 1278–1305 Rudolf I 1281–1307 King of Bohemia Frederick III the Fair 1289–1330 King of Germany r. 1314–1330 Isabella of Aragon 1305–1330 Agnes of Bohemia Rudolf II 1270–1290 Duke of Austria Wenceslaus II 1278–1305 King of Bohemia Judith of Habsburg 1271–1297 Matilda of Habsburg 1253–1304 Louis II 1229–1294 Duke of Bavaria   Luxembourg   Nassau Elizabeth of Virneburg c. 1303–1343 Henry the Friendly of Austria 1299–1327 Leopold I 1290–1326 Duke of Austria Catherine of Savoy 1284–1336 Margaret of Brabant 1276–1311 Henry VII 1275–1313 King of Germany r. 1308–1313 Holy Roman Emperor r. 1312–1313 Adolf 1255–1298 King of Germany r. 1292–1298   Wittelsbach Anne of Austria 1275–1327 Agnes of Austria 1281–1364 Catherine of Austria 1295–1323 Elisabeth of Austria c. 1285–1353 John 1296–1346 King of Bohemia Elizabeth of Bohemia 1292–1330 Mechtild of Nassau bef.1280–1323 Rudolf I 1274–1319 Duke of Bavaria Louis IV 1282–1347 King of Germany r. 1314–1347 Holy Roman Emperor r. 1328–1347 Beatrice of Silesia 1290–1322 Joanna of Pfirt 1300–1351 Albert II 1298–1358 Duke of Austria Otto IV 1301–1339 Duke of Austria Anne of Bohemia 1323–1338 Anna of Świdnica 1339–1362 Charles IV 1316–1378 King of Germany r. 1346–1378 Holy Roman Emperor r. 1355–1378 Elizabeth of Pomerania c. 1347–1393 Adolf 1300–1327 Count Palatine of the Rhine Irmengard of Öttingen d. 1399 Matilda of Bavaria aft. 1313–1346 Frederick II 1310–1349 Margrave of Meissen Leopold III 1351–1386 Duke of Austria Viridis Visconti 1352–1414 Beatrice of Nuremberg c. 1362–1414 Albert III 1349–1395 Duke of Austria Elisabeth of Bohemia 1358–1373 Joanna of Bavaria c. 1362–1386 Wenceslaus IV 1361–1419 King of Germany r. 1376–1400 Sophia of Bavaria 1376–1428 Sigismund 1368–1437 King of Germany r. 1410–1437 Holy Roman Emperor r. 1433–1437 Barbara of Cilli 1392–1451 Frederick IV 1382–1439 Duke of Austria Ernest the Iron 1377–1424 Duke of Austria Cymburgis of Masovia 1394/1397 –1429 Albert IV 1377–1404 Duke of Austria Joanna Sophia of Bavaria c. 1373–1410 Beatrice of Sicily 1326–1365 Rupert II 1325–1398 Elector Palatine   Habsburg   Wittelsbach Sigismund 1427–1496 Archduke of Austria Albert VI 1418–1463 Archduke of Austria Frederick III the Peaceful 1415–1493 King of Germany r. 1440–1493 Holy Roman Emperor r. 1452–1493 Eleanor of Portugal 1434–1467 Margarete 1395–1447 Henry XVI 1386–1450 Duke of Bavaria Albert II 1397–1439 King of Germany r. 1438–1439 Elizabeth of Luxembourg 1409–1442 Rupert 1352–1410 King of Germany r. 1400–1410 Isabella I 1451–1504 Queen of Castile Ferdinand II 1452–1516 King of Aragon and Castile Albert IV 1447–1508 Duke of Bavaria Kunigunde of Austria 1465–1520 Maximilian I 1459–1519 German King r. 1486–1519 Holy Roman Emperor r. 1508–1519 Mary of Burgundy 1457–1482 William III the Brave 1425–1482 Landgrave of Thuringia Anne of Austria 1432–1462 Ladislaus the Posthumous 1440–1457 King of Hungary Elizabeth of Austria 1436–1505 Casimir IV Jagiellon 1427–1492 King of Poland Joanna 1479–1555 Queen of Castile and Aragon Philip I the Handsome 1478–1506 King of Castile John 1478–1497 Prince of Asturias Margaret 1480–1530 Duchess of Savoy Philibert II 1480–1504 Duke of Savoy Vladislaus II 1456–1516 King of Hungary Maria of Aragon 1482–1517 Manuel I 1469–1521 King of Portugal Eleanor of Austria 1498–1558 Isabella of Austria 1501–1526 Christian II 1481–1559 King of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden Ferdinand I 1503–1564 King in Germany r. 1531–1564 Holy Roman Emperor r. 1558–1564 Anne of Bohemia 1503–1547 Mary of Hungary 1505–1558 Louis II 1516–1526 King of Hungary Isabella of Portugal 1503–1539 Charles V 1500–1558 King of Germany and Spain r. 1519–1556 Holy Roman Emperor r. 1519–1558 John III 1502–1557 King of Portugal Catherine of Austria 1507–1578 Philippine Welser 1527–1580 Ferdinand II 1529–1595 Archduke of Austria Anna Gonzaga 1566–1621 Anna of Austria 1528–1590 Albert V 1528–1579 Duke of Bavaria Maria Manuela of Portugal 1527–1545 Joanna of Austria 1535–1573 João Manuel 1537–1554 Prince of Portugal Maria of Austria 1528–1603 Maximilian II 1527–1576 King in Germany r. 1562–1576 Holy Roman Emperor r. 1564–1576 Charles II 1540–1590 Archduke of Austria Maria Anna of Bavaria 1551–1608 William V 1548–1626 Duke of Bavaria Mary I 1516–1558 Queen of England Philip II(I) 1527–1598 King of England, Naples, Sicily, Sardinia, Spain, and Portugal Anna of Austria 1549–1580 Rudolf II 1552–1612 King in Germany r. 1575–1612 Holy Roman Emperor r. 1576–1612 Ernest of Austria 1553–1595 Elisabeth of Austria 1554–1592 Charles IX 1550–1574 King of France Anna of Tyrol 1585–1618 Matthias 1557–1619 King in Germany Holy Roman Emperor r. 1612–1619 Maximilian III 1558–1618 Archduke of Austria Elisabeth of Valois 1545–1568 Isabella Clara 1566–1633 Albert VII 1559–1621 Archduke of Austria Wenceslaus of Austria 1561–1578 Margaret of Austria 1567–1633 Philip III 1578–1621 King of Spain Margaret of Austria 1584–1611 Claudia de' Medici 1604–1648 Leopold V 1586–1632 Archduke of Austria Eleonora Gonzaga 1598–1655 Ferdinand II 1578–1637 King in Germany Holy Roman Emperor r. 1619–1637 Maria Anna of Bavaria 1574–1616 Maria Anna of Spain 1606–1646 Ferdinand III 1608–1657 King of Germany Holy Roman Emperor r. 1637–1657 Eleonora Gonzaga 1630–1686 Maria Leopoldine of Austria 1632–1649 Maria Anna of Austria 1610–1665 Maximilian I 1573–1651 Elector of Bavaria Cecilia Renata of Austria 1611–1644 Władysław IV 1632–1648 King of Poland Grand Duke of Lithuania Leopold of Austria 1614–1662 Philip IV 1605–1665 King of Spain Mariana of Austria 1634–1696 Ferdinand IV 1633–1654 King of Germany r. 1653–1654 Maria Anna of Austria 1654–1689 Johann Wilhelm 1658–1716 Elector Palatine Charles V 1643–1690 Duke of Lorraine Eleanor of Austria 1653–1697 Michał I 1640–1673 King of Poland Grand Duke of Lithuania Charles II 1661–1700 King of Spain Margaret Theresa of Spain 1651–1673 Leopold I 1640–1705 King of Germany Holy Roman Emperor r. 1658–1705 Claudia Felicitas of Austria 1653–1676 Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg 1655–1720 Maximilian II 1662–1726 Elector of Bavaria Maria Antonia of Austria 1669–1692 Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick 1673–1742 Joseph I 1678–1711 King of Germany r. 1690–1711 Holy Roman Emperor r. 1705–1711 Charles VI 1685–1740 King of Germany Holy Roman Emperor r. 1711–1740 Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick 1691–1750 Maria Elisabeth of Austria 1680–1741 Maria Anna of Austria 1683–1754 John V 1689–1750 King of Portugal Maria Magdalena of Austria 1689–1743   Wittelsbach   Lorraine Charles VII 1697–1745 King of Germany Holy Roman Emperor r. 1742–1745 Maria Amalia of Austria 1701–1756 Maria Josepha of Austria 1699–1757 Augustus III 1696–1763 King of Poland Grand Duke of Lithuania Maria Theresa 1717–1780 Francis I 1708–1765 King of Germany Holy Roman Emperor r. 1745–1765 Maria Anna of Austria 1718–1744 Charles Alexander of Lorraine 1712–1780 Charles III 1716–1788 King of Spain Maria Amalia of Saxony 1724–1760 Maria Anna of Austria 1738–1789 Maria Christina 1742–1798 Duchess of Teschen Albert Casimir 1738–1822 Duke of Teschen Maria Elisabeth of Austria 1743–1808 Charles Joseph of Austria 1745–1761 Maria Amalia of Austria 1746–1804 Ferdinand 1765–1802 Duke of Parma   Habsburg-Lorraine Maria Josepha of Bavaria 1739–1767 Joseph II 1741–1790 King of Germany r. 1764–1790 Holy Roman Emperor r. 1765–1790 Isabella of Parma 1741–1763 Maria Luisa of Spain 1745–1792 Leopold II 1747–1792 King of Germany Holy Roman Emperor r. 1790–1792 Ferdinand I 1751–1825 King of the Two Sicilies Maria Carolina of Austria 1752–1814 Ferdinand 1754–1806 Duke of Breisgau Marie Antoinette 1755–1793 Louis XVI 1754–1793 King of France Maximilian Francis of Austria 1756–1801 Rudolf of Austria 1788–1831 Charles 1771–1847 Duke of Teschen Alexander Leopold of Austria 1772–1795 Francis II 1768–1835 Emperor of Austria Holy Roman Emperor r. 1792–1806 Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily 1772–1807 Joseph 1776–1847 Palatine of Hungary Ferdinand III 1769–1824 Grand Duke of Tuscany Luisa of Naples and Sicily 1773–1802 Anton Victor of Austria 1779–1835 John 1782–1859 Imperial regent Rainer Joseph of Austria 1783–1853   Bonaparte Napoleon I 1769–1821 Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine r. 1806–1813 Marie Louise 1791–1847 Duchess of Parma Ferdinand I 1793–1875 Emperor of Austria President of the German Confederation r. 1835–1848 Maria Anna of Savoy 1803–1884 Maria Anna of Austria 1804–1858 Clementina of Austria 1798–1881 Leopold 1790–1851 Prince of Salerno Maximilian I Joseph 1756–1825 King of Bavaria Caroline of Baden 1776–1841 Frederick William III 1770–1840 King of Prussia   Hohenzollern Pedro I the Liberator 1798–1834 Emperor of Brazil Maria Leopoldina of Austria 1797–1826 Marie Caroline of Austria 1801–1832 Franz Karl of Austria 1802–1878 Sophie of Bavaria 1805–1872 Ludovika of Bavaria 1808–1892 Maximilian Joseph 1808–1888 Duke in Bavaria Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria 1801–1873 Frederick William IV 1795–1861 King of Prussia President of the Erfurt Union r. 1849–1850 William I 1797–1888 King of Prussia President of the North German Confederation German Emperor r. 1867–1888 Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 1811–1890 Maximilian I 1832–1867 Emperor of Mexico Karl Ludwig of Austria 1833–1896 Franz Joseph 1830–1916 Emperor of Austria President of the German Confederation r. 1849–1866 Elisabeth of Austria 1837–1898 Victoria 1840–1901 Princess Royal Frederick III 1831–1888 r. 1888 Frederick I 1826–1907 Grand Duke of Baden Louise of Prussia 1838–1923 Franz Ferdinand 1863–1914 Archduke of Austria Leopold of Bavaria 1846–1930 Gisela of Austria 1856–1932 Rudolf 1858–1889 Crown Prince of Austria Stéphanie of Belgium 1864–1945 Marie Valerie of Austria 1868–1924 Franz Salvator of Austria 1866–1939 Viktoria of Prussia 1866–1929 Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe 1859–1916 Hermine Reuss of Greiz 1887–1947 Wilhelm II 1859–1941 German Emperor r. 1888–1918 Augusta Victoria of Schleswig 1858–1921 Charlotte of Prussia 1860–1919 Bernhard III 1851–1928 Duke of Saxe-Meiningen Henry of Prussia 1862–1929 Irene of Hesse and by Rhine 1866–1953 Sophia of Prussia 1870–1932 Constantine I 1868–1923 King of the Hellenes Margaret of Prussia 1872–1954 Frederick Charles 1868–1940 King of Finland Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1886–1954 Wilhelm 1882–1951 German Crown Prince Eitel Friedrich of Prussia 1883–1942 Sophia Charlotte of Oldenburg 1879–1964 Adalbert of Prussia 1884–1948 Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen 1891–1971 August Wilhelm of Prussia 1887–1949 Alexandra Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg 1887–1957 Oskar of Prussia 1888–1958 Ina Marie von Bassewitz 1888–1973 Joachim of Prussia 1890–1920 Marie Auguste of Anhalt 1898–1983

See also

• Family tree of French monarchs