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Indonesian football league system

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The Indonesian football league system is a series of league system for association football clubs in Indonesia. Since 1994, Liga Indonesia is the league competition featuring association football clubs, as a result of two existing top-flight football leagues merger: Perserikatan (amateur) and Galatama (semi professional). Liga Indonesia is managed by PSSI, the Indonesian national football federation.

There are three levels of competition in the hierarchy recently. The top two in the hierarchy are professional competitions, whereas the rest are amateur.[1]

Structure

Liga 1 is the first-tier of football league in Indonesia. Until 2017, it was known as Indonesian Super League. The second-tier is Liga 2, formerly Premier Division. Liga 1 and 2 are professional leagues and governed by PT. Liga Indonesia Baru.

The only amateur league is Liga 3. Liga 3 consists of an unlimited number of amateur teams. Every province, in total 34 provinces in Indonesia, holds its own provincial league and the number of teams per province may vary. The winners of the provincial leagues will advance to the national play-off round or national round.

Level

League/Division

1

Liga 1
18 clubs

2

Liga 2
24 clubs

3

Liga 3
unlimited number of clubs

History

From 1914 to 1930, Indonesia featured an amateur national football league organized by the Nederlandsch Indische Voetbal Bond (NIVB), called the Dutch East Indies city championship (DEI Championship).

Beginning in 1931, the Perserikatan was founded as a separate amateur national football league system consisting of several levels of competition. It was the first Indonesian football league competition organized by PSSI. From 1932 to 1950, the DEI Championship competition ran in conjunction with the Perserikatan as a competition for the Dutch and other European players, while the Tiong Hoa Championship was held for players of Chinese descent.

In 1979/80, a semi-professional league was founded, namely Galatama (The Premier League), which consisted of only one level of competition (except 1983 and 1990 in which it involved 2 divisions). Therefore, since 1979, both Galatama and Perserikatan were existed and had their own league systems.

Level

League/Division

1

Perserikatan Galatama

2

Perserikatan First Division
(since 1978) 		Galatama First Division
(just played in 1980, 1983 & 1990)

3

Perserikatan Second Division
(since 1987)

In 1994, PSSI merged both competitions into a new competition system, namely the Liga Indonesia. All clubs from both top level leagues were merged into the Liga Indonesia Premier Division, the new system's top-flight league. Furthermore, since Galatama did not have lower-level leagues, Liga Indonesia's lower leagues took all clubs from the same level in Perserikatan.

Level

League/Division

1

Liga Indonesia Premier Division

2

Liga Indonesia First Division

3

Liga Indonesia Second Division

4

Liga Indonesia Third Division
(since 2005)

In 2008, PSSI created a new level, the Indonesia Super League (ISL), as the system's new top-flight league. Hence, the Premier Division was then relegated to the second and so on. This new league was created to introduce full professionalism in Indonesian football.

In parallel with this league, U-21 teams from each participating ISL clubs compete in the ISL U-21.

Level

League/Division

1

Indonesia Super League

2

Liga Indonesia Premier Division

3

Liga Indonesia First Division

4

Liga Indonesia Second Division

5

Liga Indonesia Third Division

In 2011, PSSI replaced the ISL with the Indonesian Premier League (IPL).

Level

League/Division

1

Indonesian Premier League

2

Liga Indonesia Premier Division

3

Liga Indonesia First Division

4

Liga Indonesia Second Division

5

Liga Indonesia Third Division

After the extraordinary congress on 17 March 2013, Premier League and Super League are in PSSI supervision prior to incorporation in 2014 under the name of Indonesia Super League. Before that the two leagues still running, respectively.

Level

League/Division

1

Indonesia Super League Indonesian Premier League

2

Liga Indonesia Premier Division (LPIS) Liga Indonesia Premier Division (LI)

3

Liga Indonesia First Division

4

Liga Indonesia Second Division

5

Liga Indonesia Third Division

In 2014, PSSI divided into four level leagues competition include Super League, Premier Division, First Division and Amateur League/Province League called Liga Nusantara.

Level

League/Division

1

Indonesia Super League

2

Liga Indonesia Premier Division

3

Liga Indonesia First Division

4

Liga Nusantara

Started in 2015 league planned just divided into three level leagues competition include Super League, Premier Division and Liga Nusantara, after first division merged with Liga Nusantara.

Level

League/Division

1

Indonesia Super League

2

Liga Indonesia Premier Division

3

Liga Nusantara

In 20 January 2017, PSSI announced to replace three previous league (Super League, Premier Division and Liga Nusantara) with three new leagues, namely the Liga 1, Liga 2 and Liga 3.[2]

Level

League/Division

1

Liga 1

2

Liga 2

3

Liga 3

Competition format

From the 1994–1995 to 2004–2005 season, Liga Indonesia's structure changed almost every year. For some seasons, there were two divisions within the top flight; for others, there were three. The number of clubs in the top flight wavered from 18–28, and seasons would last from 34–38 games. The top four clubs in each division qualified for a group stage "Final Eight Championship Playoff." Winners of the group faced off for the championship.

During the 2004–2005 season, 18 clubs comprised the Indonesian top flight. A season lasted 34 games, in which each club played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The three teams at the bottom of the table are relegated into Division Satu, the second level of the Indonesian league system, while the three teams of Division Satu that won promotion replace them. The top two finishers in the league qualify for the AFC Champions League.

Starting with the 2003–2004 season, the championship was decided a double round-robin league system involving the top clubs of each division. Beginning with the 2005–2006 season, 28 clubs will comprise Liga Indonesia. Clubs compete in two divisions of 14 clubs each. Each club plays against each other on a home-and-away basis.

The league's popularity has grown so much that the 2006–2007 season will see another big expansion of the league from 28 to 36 clubs with both divisions comprising 18 clubs each.

In 2008, 18 top ranked clubs in the previous Premier Division were 'promoted' to a new highest level of competition, the Indonesia Super League, and the rest stayed in the same division. The PSSI examined those 18 clubs for their readiness to join the ISL, considering many aspects, like the stadium, financial condition and other requirements for full professional football clubs.[3]

Promotion and relegation

  1. Liga 1 (level 1, 18 teams): the bottom three teams are relegated.
  2. Liga 2 (level 2, 24 teams): the champions, runner-up and third-place teams are promoted to Liga 1. The bottom three teams of each region are relegated to Liga 3.
  3. Liga 3 (level 3, unlimited number team): Six-best teams are promoted to Liga 2.

Cup eligibility

Being members of a league at a particular level also affects eligibility for Cup, or single-elimination, competitions.

Cup competitions

All tier champions by season

1994–2007

Season Premier Division First Division Second Division
1994-95 Persib Persikab Persikabo
1995-96 Bandung Raya PSP Padang Persikota
1996-97 Persebaya Persikota Persipal
1997-98 Competition abandoned due to political situation
1998-99 PSIS Semarang PSPS Pekanbaru PS Palembang
1999-00 PSM Makassar Persita Persik Kediri
2001 Persija PSIS Persela
2002 Petrokimia Putra Persik Kediri Persid
2003 Persik Kediri Persebaya Persekabpas
2004 Persebaya Arema Persibo

2005–2007

Season Premier Division First Division Second Division Third Division
2005 Persipura PSIM Yogyakarta Persiku PSIR
2006 Persik Kediri Persebaya PSIR Perseta
2007 Sriwijaya Persibo Bojonegoro Persires Persem

2008–2013

Season Indonesia Super League Premier Division First Division Second Division Third Division
2008-09 Persipura Jayapura Persisam Putra Samarinda PS Mojokerto Putra PS Barito Putera Persikotas
2009-10 Arema Indonesia Persibo Bojonegoro Persekam Metro FC Persikasi Persewar
2010-11 Persipura Jayapura Persiba Bantul PSBS Biak Numfor Persebangga MBU Sidoarjo
2011-12 Sriwijaya PS Barito Putera Persekap Pasuruan Nusa Ina FC Persiga
2013 Persipura Jayapura PSS Sleman PS Kwarta Deli Serdang Cilegon United Perseba

2014

Season Indonesia Super League Premier Division First Division Nusantara League
2014 Persib Pusamania Borneo Cilegon United Persatu Tuban

2015 - 2016

Season Indonesia Super League Premier Division Nusantara League
2015 Competition abandoned due to FIFA suspension
2016 No competition due to FIFA suspension

2017–present

Season Liga 1 Liga 2 Liga 3
2017 Bhayangkara Persebaya Blitar United
2018 Persija Jakarta PSS Sleman Persik Kediri
2019 Bali United Persik Kediri Persijap Jepara
2020

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ (in Indonesian) Sejarah Persatuan Sepakbola Seluruh Indonesia (PSSI) Archived 3 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ "PSSI Ubah ISL Jadi Liga 1". Bola.net. 20 January 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
  3. ^ (in Indonesian) New Super League key to success in Indonesia
  4. ^ "Skema Piala Indonesia 2018". goal.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  5. ^ "Piala Indonesia 2018 Dimulai di Bojonegoro". PSSI – Football Association of Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 10 May 2018.
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