Gan (surname)
| Language(s) | Chinese (Mandarin, Hokkien), Korean, Old Irish |
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| Other names | |
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Gan is a surname. It may be a Latin-alphabet spelling of four different Chinese surnames (Chinese: 甘, 干, 顏, 簡; respectively pronounced in Mandarin as Gān, Gān, Yán, Jiǎn), a Korean surname (Korean: 간; Hanja: 簡; written using the same character as the Chinese surname Jiǎn), and a surname in other cultures.
Origins
As a Chinese surname, Gan may be one of the following surnames, listed by their spelling in Pinyin, which reflects the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation:[1]
- Gān (Chinese: 甘; IPA: /kan⁵⁵/). Ancient sources differ on the origin of this surname. Yuanhe Xingzuan states that the first bearer of the surname was an official in the court of King Wu Ding, while Mingxian Shizu Yanxing Leigao states that it originated as a toponymic surname, referring to a place called Gan District (甘邑), located in what is now Huyi District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, where some descendants of King Wen of Zhou had settled.[2]
- Gān (Chinese: 干), homophonous with the above surname in Mandarin Chinese, though not in other varieties of Chinese. According to the Wanxing Tongpu, this also originated as a toponymic surname, referring to a place called Gan District (干邑), located in what is now Jiangdu District, Yangzhou, Jiangsu; following the defeat of the State of Han by the State of Wu, some former residents of Han fled to Gan District and took Gan as their new surname.[2]
- Yán (traditional Chinese: 顏; simplified Chinese: 颜), spelled Gan based on its Hokkien pronunciation (Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Gân; IPA: /gan¹³/). Again, traditional sources mention two different origins for this surname: according to Yuanhe Xingzuan, the first bearer of the surname was Yi Fu (夷父), a great grandson of Lu Zhong, while the Tongzhi encyclopedia says that it originated as a toponymic surname, as the descendants of Bo Qin took the surname Yan in reference to one of his vassal states, Yan District (顏邑).[3] The spelling Gan of this surname is particularly common in Malaysia and Singapore, where many descendants of Chinese migrants can trace their roots to the Fujian province of China.[4]
- Jiǎn (traditional Chinese: 簡; simplified Chinese: 简), spelled Gan (or more commonly Kan) based on its Cantonese pronunciation (Jyutping: Gaan2; Cantonese Yale: Gaán; IPA: /kɑːn³⁵/)
As a Korean surname, Gan is the Revised Romanization of Korean spelling of the surname written using the hanja Daejjok Gan (Korean: 간; Hanja: 簡; MR: Kan), the same one which is used to write the Chinese surname Jiǎn mentioned above. The bearers of this surname in Korea identify with a number of bon-gwan, which are hometowns of a clan lineage.[5] The most common of these is the Gapyeong Gan clan. The clan's founding ancestor Gan Gyun (간균; 簡筠), an official under Myeongjong of Goryeo, settled in Gapyeong County, Gyeonggi Province, which became the clan hometown.[6][7]
Gan may also be an Irish surname, originating from Mag Gana. Another surname with the same origin is McGann.[1]
The Ashkenazi Jewish surnames Gan (גן) and Gang are short for Gangolf, which itself originated by metathesis from the German masculine given name Wolfgang. Gan is further the origin of the patronymic surnames Ganer, Ganel, and Ganet. Gan also coincidentally means "garden" in Modern Hebrew.[8]
Statistics
According to statistics cited by Patrick Hanks, 328 people on the island of Great Britain and eight on the island of Ireland bore the surname Gan as of 2011. In 1881 there had been 40 people in Great Britain with the surname Gan, primarily at Durham, Northumberland, Lancashire, Argyll, and London.[1]
The 2000 South Korean census found 2,429 people in 753 households with the surname spelled Gan in Revised Romanization.[5]
The 2010 United States Census found 2,891 people with the surname Gan, making it the 11,003rd-most-common name in the country. This represented an increase from 2,301 (12,343rd-most-common) in the 2000 Census. In the 2010 census, about three-quarters of the bearers of the surname identified as Asian (up from three-fifths in the 2000 census), and two-tenths as White (down from three-tenths in the 2000 census).[9] It was the 310th-most-common surname among respondents to the 2000 Census who identified as Asian.[10]
People
Chinese surname 甘
- Gan De (甘德; fl. 4th century BC), Chinese astronomer and astrologer of the State of Qi
- Gan Ying (甘英; fl. 97), Chinese military ambassador sent on a mission to Rome
- Gan Ning (甘寧; fl. 180s–210s), Eastern Han dynasty military general
- Gan Siqi (甘泗淇; 1903–1964), Chinese People's Liberation Army general
- Gan Yetao (甘野陶; 1907–2002), Chinese diplomat
- Jay Gan (甘剑英; born 1963), Chinese-born American agricultural and environmental scientist
- Gan Yao-ming (甘耀明; born 1972), Taiwanese writer
- Gan Wei (甘薇; born 1984), Chinese actress
- Gan Rui (甘锐; born 1985), Chinese football midfielder
- Bobo Gan (甘婷婷; born 1986), Chinese actress
- Gan Quan (甘泉; born 1996), Chinese baseball pitcher
Chinese surname 干
- Gan Jiang (干將), swordsmith of the Spring and Autumn period (c. 771–446 BC)
- Gan Ji (干吉; died 200), Eastern Han dynasty Taoist priest
- Gan Bao (干寶; fl. 315–336), Eastern Jin dynasty historian
Chinese surname 顏
- Gan Kim Yong (颜金勇; born 1959), Singaporean politician (People's Action Party)
- Gan Thiam Poh (颜添宝; born 1963), Singaporean politician (People's Action Party)
- Steven Gan (颜重庆; born c. 1963), Malaysian journalist
- Frankie Gan (颜骏任; born 1966), Malaysian politician (Malaysian Chinese Association)
- Gan Siow Huang (颜晓芳; born 1975), Singaporean general
- Jeremy Gan (颜韦德; born 1979), Malaysian badminton player
- Gan Teik Chai (颜德财; born 1983), Malaysian badminton player
- Heidi Gan (颜海蒂; born 1988), Malaysian swimmer
- Luisa Gan (颜尔; born 1994), Singaporean actress
- Gan Peck Cheng (颜碧贞), Malaysian politician (Democratic Action Party)
- Gan Ping Sieu (颜炳寿), Malaysian politician (Malaysian Chinese Association)
Other or unknown
- Aleksei Gan (1887 or 1893 – 1942), Russian anarchist avant-garde artist
- Chester Gan (1908–1959), American actor of Chinese descent
- Rafał Gan-Ganowicz (1932–2002), Polish exile and mercenary
- Jennifer Gan (1938–2000), American actress
- Pinchas Cohen Gan (פנחס כהן גן; born 1942), Israeli painter
- Samuel Gan (born 1981), Singaporean biologist
- Brendan Gan (born 1988), Malaysian football midfielder
- Shyam Gan (born 1998), Indian cricketer
- Barry L. Gan, American philosophy professor
Fictional characters
- Olag Gan, in the British television series Blake's 7 (1978–1981)
References
- ^ a b c Hanks, Patrick; Coates, Richard; McClure, Peter, eds. (2016). The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland. Oxford University Press. p. 1007. ISBN 9780192527479.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ a b Chao, Sheau-yueh J. (2000). Genealogical Research on Chinese Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company. p. 92. ISBN 9780806349466.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Chao 2000, p. 203
- ^ Jones, Russel (August 1959). "Chinese Names: Notes on the use of surnames & personal names by the Chinese in Malaya". Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 32 (187). JSTOR 41505683.
- ^ a b "행정구역(구시군)/성씨·본관별 가구 및 인구" [Family names by administrative region (district, city, county): separated by bon-gwan, households and individuals]. Korean Statistical Information Service. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
- ^ "가평간씨(加平簡氏)" [Gapyeong Gan clan]. Saemangeum Ilbo. 16 January 2017. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
- ^ "가평간씨(加平簡氏)" [Gapyeong Gan clan]. Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
- ^ Guggenheimer, Heinrich Walter; Guggenheimer, Eva H. (1992). Jewish Family Names and Their Origins: An Etymological Dictionary. New York: KTAV Publishing House. p. 263. ISBN 0881252972.
- ^ "How common is your last name?". Newsday. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
- ^ "Most common last names for Asians and Pacific Islanders in the U.S." Mongabay. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
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