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Montgomery County, Arkansas

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Montgomery County
County
Eagle Rock Vista
Montgomery County Courthouse
Norman Public Library
Little Missouri River
Quartz
Clockwise from top: Eagle Rock Vista in the Ouachita Mountains, the Norman Public Library, Quartz from a Montgomery County mine, the Little Missouri River, and the Montgomery County Courthouse in Mount Ida
Map of Arkansas highlighting Montgomery County
Location within the U.S. state of Arkansas
Map of the United States highlighting Arkansas
Arkansas's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 34°32′08″N 93°39′52″W / 34.535555555556°N 93.664444444444°W / 34.535555555556; -93.664444444444
Country United States
State Arkansas
FoundedDecember 9, 1842
Named forRichard Montgomery
SeatMount Ida
Largest cityMount Ida
Area
 • Total800 sq mi (2,000 km2)
 • Land780 sq mi (2,000 km2)
 • Water20 sq mi (50 km2)  2.6%
Population
 (2010)
 • Total9,487
 • Estimate 
(2019)
8,986
 • Density12/sq mi (4.6/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district4th
Websitemontgomerycounty.arkansas.gov

Montgomery County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 9,487.[1] The county seat is Mount Ida.[2] Montgomery County is Arkansas's 45th county, formed on December 9, 1842, and named after Richard Montgomery, an American Revolutionary War general.[3]

History

Stone spear and dart points found in the area verify that people from the Dalton Culture were present in Montgomery County around 8500 BC. Early signs of houses and American Indian cemeteries are present in and around Caddo Gap, Arkansas, indicating the definite presence of the Caddo Indians having settled in the area in the 13th century and 14th century. In 1541, the explorer Hernando de Soto fought the Tula Indians at Caddo Gap, and he was injured during that battle.[4]

The first white settlers arrived in 1812, when Martin and Mary Collier settled what is now Caddo Gap. They befriended the local tribes, and seemingly had no problems from them whatsoever. Granville Whittington arrived in 1835, and built a road that led from Hot Springs, Arkansas to his farm about a mile north of the settlement of Montgomery. By 1836 when Arkansas received statehood, most of the native Indians were gone. Some of the native Indian women had intermingled and intermarried with local white settlers. Whittington opened a general store that drew customers from the surrounding area, and in 1842 he opened the Mount Ida Post Office in Mount Ida. West of the Ouachita River, settlers from a wagon train wintered in what is now Oden, and decided to stay when the weather cleared. Montgomery County was named after General Richard Montgomery, an American general who died during the American Revolution.

Originally part of the Louisiana Purchase, it was first claimed by Spain, then France, and in 1813 was part of Arkansas County, then in 1818 was part of Clark County. On December 9, 1842, Montgomery County became its own county, with Montgomery as its county seat. In 1850 Salem became the county seat, but later that same year the county seat changed again, to Mount Ida, where Whittington's Post Office was located. Mount Ida incorporated in 1854.

Civil War era

When the Civil War broke out, most of Montgomery County favored the Confederacy. Mount Ida settlers John Lavender and John Simpson formed one company to serve in the Confederate Army, and the 4th Arkansas Infantry originated in Mount Ida also, but after the war few from the company organized by Lavender and Simpson returned to Montgomery County. With mostly women left to tend to the farms, soldiers from both the Confederate and the Union Army raided homes and farms for supplies, leaving settlers with little to eat. After the war, soldiers from both armies settled in the area, building schools and homes. In 1884 Oden built a steam saw, a cotton gin and a gristmill.

Up to modern times

With the arrival of the Missouri Pacific Railroad in Caddo Gap around the turn of the 20th century, Caddo Gap and Black Springs began to thrive. In 1910 the county population reached its peak, with sawmills springing up in several locations. That same year, the town of Womble was settled. It changed its name to Norman in 1925. In 1918 the logging camp of Mauldin, Arkansas sprang up, and a railroad line was built to it from Norman. However, almost overnight in 1936, Mauldin closed up, dismantled everything, and moved on having depleted the virgin timber in the area. This, combined with the Great Depression, had a devastating effect on the county.

Many people moved away to find work elsewhere, while others found employment with the Civilian Conservation Corps. During World War II, people continued to leave Montgomery County, with the men going off to war, and others leaving to find employment in war plants. Mining became one source of local employment for a time, but did not last. Most mines were due to a large abundance of quartz in the county. In 1922 there were eighty three school districts in Montgomery County. Today there are three, Caddo Hills, Mount Ida, and Ouachita River. Cattle, swine, and poultry are now the main areas of employment in the region.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 800 square miles (2,100 km2), of which 780 square miles (2,000 km2) is land and 20 square miles (52 km2) (2.6%) is water.[5]

Major highways

Adjacent counties

National protected area

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18501,958—
18603,63385.5%
18702,984−17.9%
18805,72992.0%
18907,92338.3%
19009,44419.2%
191012,45531.9%
192011,112−10.8%
193010,768−3.1%
19408,876−17.6%
19506,680−24.7%
19605,370−19.6%
19705,8218.4%
19807,77133.5%
19907,8410.9%
20009,24517.9%
20109,4872.6%
2019 (est.)8,986[6]−5.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[7]
1790–1960[8] 1900–1990[9]
1990–2000[10] 2010–2016[1]
Age pyramid Montgomery County[11]

As of the 2000 United States Census,[12] there were 9,245 people, 3,785 households, and 2,747 families residing in the county. The population density was 12 people per square mile (5/km²). There were 5,048 housing units at an average density of 6 per square mile (2/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 95.42% White, 0.29% Black or African American, 1.11% Native American, 0.37% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.56% from other races, and 1.23% from two or more races. 2.53% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 3,785 households out of which 28.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.60% were married couples living together, 7.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.40% were non-families. 24.50% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.85.

In the county, the population was spread out with 23.50% under the age of 18, 6.20% from 18 to 24, 25.00% from 25 to 44, 26.30% from 45 to 64, and 18.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 96.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.00 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $28,421, and the median income for a family was $32,769. Males had a median income of $25,865 versus $18,063 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,668. About 13.00% of families and 17.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.50% of those under age 18 and 16.00% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Over the past few election cycles Montgomery County has trended heavily towards the GOP. The last Democrat (as of 2016) to carry this county was BIll Clinton in 1996.

Presidential elections results
Montgomery County, Arkansas
vote by party in presidential elections[13]
Year GOP Dem Others
2016 74.26% 2,643 21.02% 748 4.72% 168
2012 69.59% 2,369 27.03% 920 3.38% 115
2008 65.30% 2,365 30.15% 1,092 4.56% 165
2004 59.80% 2,367 38.50% 1,524 1.69% 67
2000 56.91% 2,128 38.46% 1,438 4.63% 173
1996 32.86% 1,137 52.89% 1,830 14.25% 493
1992 32.46% 1,205 51.29% 1,904 16.25% 603
1988 55.99% 1,752 43.53% 1,362 0.48% 15
1984 59.12% 2,221 39.85% 1,497 1.04% 39
1980 43.88% 1,585 51.99% 1,878 4.12% 149
1976 27.63% 924 72.37% 2,420
1972 68.17% 1,555 30.16% 688 1.67% 38
1968 35.04% 885 25.69% 649 39.27% 992
1964 37.78% 832 61.67% 1,358 0.54% 12
1960 49.85% 836 46.99% 788 3.16% 53
1956 52.76% 965 46.25% 846 0.98% 18
1952 50.25% 815 49.75% 807 0.00% 0
1948 18.99% 236 75.22% 935 5.80% 72
1944 37.77% 349 62.01% 573 0.22% 2
1940 28.23% 400 71.42% 1,012 0.35% 5
1936 30.61% 465 68.07% 1,034 1.32% 20
1932 12.13% 211 85.97% 1,495 1.90% 33
1928 56.91% 976 42.33% 726 0.76% 13
1924 40.82% 360 48.87% 431 10.32% 91
1920 54.96% 615 38.43% 430 6.61% 74
1916 31.51% 432 68.49% 939 0.00% 0
1912 21.44% 221 45.68% 471 32.88% 339
1908 43.98% 522 46.59% 553 9.44% 112
1904 56.50% 491 39.36% 342 4.14% 36
1900 38.15% 293 60.94% 468 0.91% 7
1896 17.92% 220 82.08% 1,008 0.00% 0

Communities

Cities

Towns

Unincorporated community

Townships

Townships in Montgomery County, Arkansas as of 2010

Townships in Arkansas are the divisions of a county. Each township includes unincorporated areas; some may have incorporated cities or towns within part of their boundaries. Arkansas townships have limited purposes in modern times. However, the United States census does list Arkansas population based on townships (sometimes referred to as "county subdivisions" or "minor civil divisions"). Townships are also of value for historical purposes in terms of genealogical research. Each town or city is within one or more townships in an Arkansas county based on census maps and publications. The townships of Montgomery County are listed below; listed in parentheses are the cities, towns, and/or census-designated places that are fully or partially inside the township. [14][15]

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 17, 2016. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  3. ^ "Montgomery County", Local.Arkansas.gov
  4. ^ Carter, Cecile Elkins. Caddo Indians: Where We Come From. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2001: 21. ISBN 0-8061-3318-X
  5. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
  6. ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved September 28, 2019.
  7. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
  8. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
  9. ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
  10. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
  11. ^ Based on 2000 census data
  12. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
  13. ^ "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". Retrieved November 18, 2016.
  14. ^ 2011 Boundary and Annexation Survey (BAS): Montgomery County, AR (PDF) (Map). U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-19. Retrieved 2011-08-12.
  15. ^ "Arkansas: 2010 Census Block Maps - County Subdivision". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 29, 2014.
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