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Antonio Inoki

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Antonio Inoki
Antonio Inoki in December 2012.
Birth nameKanji Inoki
Born (1943-02-20) February 20, 1943 (age 81)[1]
Yokohama, Japan[2]
Professional wrestling career
Ring name(s)Antonio Inoki
Moeru Toukon
Tokyo Tom
Billed height6 ft 0 in (1.83 m)
Billed weight240 lb (110 kg)
Billed fromTokyo, Japan
Trained byRikidōzan
Karl Gotch
DebutSeptember 30, 1960[3]
RetiredApril 4, 1998[2][3]

Muhammad Hussain Inoki (born Kanji Inoki (猪木寛至, Inoki Kanji) on February 20, 1943) is a Japanese professional wrestling promoter, politician, retired professional wrestler and mixed martial artist best known by the ring name Antonio Inoki. Inoki's ring name is a homage to wrestler Antonino Rocca. Inoki converted to Islam in 1990 and took the name "Muhammad Hussain Inoki", something he did not publicly reveal until 2012

Inoki began his professional wrestling career in 1960, working for the Japanese Wrestling Association and became a wrestling promoter in 1972 when he founded New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW) that he remained the owner of until 2005 where he sold his controlling share in the promotion to the Yuke's video game company. He later founded the Inoki Genome Federation. He was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2010. As a professional wrestler he became one of the most respected wrestlers of Japan, bolstered by his mixed martial arts match against boxer Muhammad Ali in 1976. Inoki headlined two shows in North Korea that drew 150,000 and 190,000 spectators respectively, the highest attendance in professional wrestling.

In 1989, while still an active wrestler Inoki entered Japanese politics as he was elected to the Japanese House of Councillors and as part of his first term with the House of Councillors successfully negotiated with Saddam Hussein for the release of Japanese hostages before the outbreak of the Gulf War. His first tenure in the House of Councillors ended in 1995, but he was reelected in 2013.

Early life

Inoki was born in an affluent family in Yokohama in 1943. He was the sixth son and the second youngest of the seven boys and four girls. His father, Sajiro Inoki, a businessman and politician, died when Kanji was five years old. Inoki entered the Higashidai Grade School. Inoki was taught karate by an older brother while in 6th grade. By the time he was in 7th grade at Terao Junior High School, he was 180 centimeters tall and joined the basketball team. He later quit and joined a track and field club as a shot putter. He eventually won the championship at the Yokohama Junior High School track and field competition.

The family fell on hard times in the post-war years, and in 1957, the 14-year-old Inoki emigrated to Brazil with his grandfather, mother and brothers. His grandfather died during the journey to Brazil. Inoki won regional championships in Brazil in the shot put, discus throw, and javelin throw, and finally the All Brazilian championships in the shot put and discus.[4]

Professional wrestling career

Japan Wrestling Association (1960–1966)

Inoki met Rikidōzan at the age of 17. He went back to Japan for the Japanese Wrestling Association (JWA) as Rikidōzan's disciple. One of his dojo classmates was Giant Baba. After Rikidozan's death, Inoki worked in Baba's shadow until he joined the original Tokyo Pro Wrestling in 1966.

Tokyo Pro Wrestling (1966–1967)

After a long excursion of wrestling in the United States, Inoki found a new home in Tokyo Pro Wrestling. While there, Inoki became their biggest star. Unfortunately, the company folded in 1967, due to turmoil behind the scenes.

Japan Wrestling Association (1967–1971)

Returning to JWA in late 1967, Inoki was made Baba's partner and the two dominated the tag team ranks as the "B-I Cannon", winning the NWA International tag team belts four times. Wrestling legend Bruno Sammartino tells a story about Inoki trying to "shoot" on him during a tag match in Osaka to build his reputation against the then-world champ. Bruno powered out of the hold, pounded Inoki mercilessly and threw him out of the ring.[5] Inoki allegedly refused to re-enter the ring with Sammartino and tagged in Baba to finish the match.

New Japan Pro Wrestling (1972–1994)

Fired from JWA in late 1971 for planning a takeover of the promotion, Inoki founded New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW) in 1972. His first match as a New Japan wrestler was against Karl Gotch. In 1995 the Japanese and Korean governments came together to hold a two-day wrestling festival for peace in Pyongyang, North Korea. The event drew 150,000 and 190,000 fans respectively to Rungnado May Day Stadium. The main event saw the only match between Inoki and Ric Flair, with Inoki coming out on top. Days before this event, Inoki and the Korean press went to the grave and birthplace of Rikidōzan and paid tribute to him.

On November 30, 1979, Inoki defeated WWF Heavyweight Champion Bob Backlund in Tokushima, Japan to win the title. Backlund then won a re-match on December 6. However, WWF president Hisashi Shinma declared the re-match a no-contest due to interference from Tiger Jeet Singh, and Inoki remained Champion. Inoki refused the title on the same day, and it was declared vacant. Backlund later defeated Bobby Duncum in a Texas Death match to regain the title on December 12. As Inoki refused the title, his reign is not included nor is it recognized by WWE in its official history, and Backlund is recognized as having one reign from 1978–1983.

Final Countdown and retirement (1994–present)

Inoki's retirement from professional wrestling matches came with the staging of the "Final Countdown" series between 1994 and 1998. This was a special series in which Inoki re-lived some of his mixed martial arts matches under professional wrestling rules, as well as rematches of some of his most well known wrestling matches. As part of the Final Countdown tour, Inoki made a rare World Championship Wrestling appearance; defeating WCW World Television Champion Steven Regal in a non-title match at Clash of the Champions XXVIII. Inoki faced Don Frye in the final match of his professional wrestling career.

Culminating in 2006, Inoki's influence within New Japan declined. An example of this has been the purchase of his image by Yuke's, who in 2005 purchased his controlling 51.5% stock in New Japan.[6][7] As a result, New Japan is now able to control Inoki's appearances and the use of his image. Inoki began a new promotion in 2007 called Inoki Genome Federation that competes with New Japan.

On February 1, 2010, World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) announced on its Japanese website that Inoki would be inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame as part of the Class of 2010. On February 9, WWE held a press conference in Tokyo, Japan to officially announce the induction.[8] Inoki was presented with a Hall of Fame certificate by WWE's Ed Wells and stated that he would be attending the WrestleMania XXVI weekend festivities, which saw him officially inducted by Stan Hansen.

Mixed martial arts

Inoki was amongst the group of professional wrestlers who were tutored in the art of hooking and shooting by the professional wrestler Karl Gotch. Inoki named his method of fighting "strong style." This method of wrestling (which was taught to Inoki by Gotch) borrowed heavily from professional wrestling's original catch wrestling roots, and is one of the most important influences of modern shoot wrestling.

Inoki faced many opponents from all dominant disciplines of combat from various parts of the world, such as boxers, judoka, karateka, kung fu practitioners, sumo wrestlers and professional wrestlers. These bouts included a match with then-prominent karate competitor Everett Eddy.[9] Eddy had previously competed in a mixed skills bout against boxer Horst Geisler, losing by knockout.[10] The bout with Eddy ended with the karateka "knocked out" by a professional wrestling powerbomb followed by a Hulk Hogan-esque leg drop. Another such match pitted Inoki against 6'7" Kyokushin karate stylist Willie "The Bear Killer" Williams. (So-called because he had allegedly fought a bear for a 1976 Japanese film entitled "The Strongest Karate 2".[11]) This bout ended in a doctor stoppage after both competitors repeatedly fell out of the ring.[12] Although many of the matches were rigged and scripted, they are seen as a precursor to modern mixed martial arts. When asked about Inoki's fighting skills, business colleague Carlson Gracie stated Inoki was "one of the best fighters he'd seen."[13]

His most famous bout was against heavyweight boxing champion Muhammad Ali on June 26, 1976 in Tokyo.[14] Inoki initially promised Ali a rigged match to get him to fight in Japan, but when the deal materialized, Ali's camp feared that Inoki would turn the fight into a shoot, which many believe was Inoki's intention. Ali visited a professional wrestling match involving Inoki and witnessed Inoki's grappling ability. The rules of the match were announced several months in advance. Two days before the match, however, several new rules were added which severely limited the moves that each man could perform. A rule change that had a major effect on the outcome of this match was that Inoki could only throw a kick if one of his knees was on the ground.[14] In the match, Ali landed a total of six punches to Inoki, and Inoki kept to his back in a defensive position almost the full duration of the match of 15 rounds, hitting Ali with a low kick repeatedly.[15] The bout ended in a draw, 3–3. Ali left without a press conference and suffered damage to his legs as a result of Inoki's repeated leg kicks.[16]

Inoki in 2002.

Following his retirement, Inoki has promoted a number of MMA events such as NJPW: Ultimate Crush (which showcased pro wrestling matches and MMA matches on the same card), as well as annual Inoki Bom-Ba-Ye shows which took place on New Year's Eve in 2001, 2002 and 2003. Some of the major attractions of these events involve the best of NJPW against world-renowned fighters in mixed martial arts matches. Inoki vs. Renzo Gracie was a professional wrestling match that took place at Inoki Bom-Ba-Ye 2000 against mixed martial artist Renzo Gracie. Inoki was also the ambassador for the International Fight League's Tokyo entry before that promotion's demise.

Political career

House of Councillors (1989–1995)

Following in his father's footsteps, Inoki entered politics in 1989, when he was elected into the House of Councillors as a representative of his own Sports and Peace Party in the Japanese House of Councillors election, 1989.

In 1990, Inoki traveled to Iraq in "an unofficial one-man diplomatic mission" and successfully negotiated with Saddam Hussein for the release of Japanese hostages before the outbreak of the Gulf War.[17] It was then that he personally organized a wrestling event in Iraq (スポーツと平和の祭典) for the purpose of freeing the 41 captive Japanese nationals. He subsequently retained his seat in the Japanese House of Councillors election, 1992. He failed to win re-election in the Japanese House of Councillors election, 1995 following a number of scandals reported in 1994, and left politics for the next eighteen years.[18]

House of Councillors (2013–present)

Inoki delivering a speech in North Korea. Inoki's regular visits to the country have strained his relations with the Japanese Diet where he is a representative.

On June 5, 2013, Inoki announced that he would again run for a seat in the Japanese Diet under the Japan Restoration Party ticket.[18][19] Inoki won the election to return to Japan's Upper House as an MP.[20][21][22]

In November 2013, he was suspended from the Diet for 30 days because of an unauthorized trip to North Korea.[23] He had visited on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the armistice in the Korean War, and had met with senior North Korean figure Kim Yong-nam during his visit.[24] This was Inoki's 27th visit to North Korea; he explained in an interview that the North Korean abductions of Japanese citizens had caused the Japanese government to "close the door" on diplomacy with the North, but that the issue would not be resolved without ongoing communication, and that he saw his relationship with North Korean-born Rikidōzan as a crucial link to the people of the North.[25]

He was reportedly considering running for governor of Tokyo in 2014 following another visit to North Korea.[26]

In January 2015, he joined the new party, named The Assembly to Energize Japan.

Personal life and religion

Inoki was married to actress Mitsuko Baisho from 1971 to 1987, and together they had a daughter, Hiroko.[27]

Inoki converted to Shia in 1990 during a pilgrimage to Karbala, the Shiite holy city in Iraq. He was in Iraq negotiating for the release of several Japanese hostages.[28] This was only revealed in 2012, along with the declaration that he had changed his name to Muhammad Hussain Inoki.[17][28][29][30][31] Inoki has reportedly described himself as both a "Muslim" convert and a Buddhist.[17]

In media

Inoki appears both in the manga and anime Tiger Mask, in a secondary role: in the Japanese series he is the only one who was able to win over Naoto Date, i.e. Tiger Mask, and the two became best friends subsequently.

Inoki appeared in the film The Bad News Bears Go to Japan as himself. A subplot in his scenes involved Inoki seeking a rematch with Ali. Gene LeBell, who also appears in these scenes as a manager of Inoki's scheduled opponent, Mean Bones Beaudine, was the referee of Inoki's match with Ali. Inoki's appearance in the film culminates with a match against the main character, Marvin Lazar (played by Tony Curtis), when Beaudine suddenly becomes unavailable to participate. Professional wrestler Héctor Guerrero served as Curtis's stunt double for the wrestling portions of this scene.

Inoki had the starring role in the film Acacia directed by Jinsei Tsuji.[32]

In Oh!Great's manga Air Gear, Inoki is regularly referred to by the author, and also the characters as an influence on their fighting style. The manga also makes several less than complimentary references to Inoki's large chin. Along with Inoki, Steve Austin of the World Wrestling Federation has been referred to in Air Gear's pages, often in naming things. (This is based on the translation by Tanoshimi Manga, and later by Balantine Books/Del Rey Books. Other translations may omit these references)

The pro-wrestler character Kanji Igari in the manga (and anime) series Baki the Grappler is based heavily on Inoki.

In wrestling

Wrestlers trained

Championships and accomplishments

1 ^ Inoki's WWF Heavyweight Championship reign is not officially recognized by WWE.

References

  1. ^ "Power Slam". This Month in History: February. SW Publishing. January 1999. p. 28. 55.
  2. ^ a b c d "Antonio Inoki's WWE Hall of Fame profile". WWE. Retrieved March 29, 2011.
  3. ^ a b c Miyamoto, Koji. "Antonio Inoki". Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum. Archived from the original on May 14, 2011. Retrieved May 22, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ Antonio Inoki Home Page. Twc-wrestle.com. Retrieved on May 10, 2014.
  5. ^ Shoemaker, David (July 1, 2013). "Wrestling's Greatest Shoots, Volume 3: Antonio Inoki vs. the Great Antonio". Grantland.
  6. ^ Archived 2009-10-27 at the Wayback Machine. uk.games.ign.com
  7. ^ Yuke's Buys Controlling Share of New Japan Pro Wrestling. Gamasutra.com (November 15, 2005). Retrieved on May 10, 2014.
  8. ^ Rothstein, Simon (February 9, 2010). "Inoki gets Hall of Fame nod". The Sun. London.
  9. ^ USA karate story : Chuck Norris – Joe Lewis – Bill Wallace: Everett "Monster Man" Eddy. Karate-in-english-lewis-wallace.blogspot.com. July 18, 2009.
  10. ^ Ortiz, Sergio (November 1975) "The Rise and Fall of Contact Karateka", Black Belt Magazine, Vol. 13, No. 11.
  11. ^ See the documentary film "Kings of the Square Ring" for excerpts
  12. ^ Full bout available here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0B1mugcGO4
  13. ^ [1] Archived 2006-03-29 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ a b Cohen, Eric. Antonio Inoki vs Muhammad Ali, About.com, Retrieved on December 1, 2007.
  15. ^ "Inoki vs. Ali Footage". Retrieved December 4, 2007.
  16. ^ Tallent, Aaron. "The Joke That Almost Ended Ali's Career". Retrieved October 24, 2011.
  17. ^ a b c Leiby, Richard. "Wrestling, anyone? Pakistan welcomes back a flamboyant Japanese hero of the ring". Washington Post. Retrieved October 4, 2014.
  18. ^ a b "アントニオ猪木が出馬「日本に元気を」 政界再進出の決め技は独自の外交路線". Sports Navi. Yahoo!. June 5, 2013. Retrieved July 22, 2013.
  19. ^ Yoshida, Reiji (June 6, 2013) Antonio Inoki eyes Diet return on Nippon Ishin ticket. Japan Times
  20. ^ Caldwell, James (July 22, 2013). "Political news: McMahons donate to Governor Christie, Linda to run for election again? Inoki wins in Japan". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved July 22, 2013.
  21. ^ He fought Ali – now he's an MP. Brisbanetimes.com.au (July 23, 2013). Retrieved on May 10, 2014.
  22. ^ Japanese wrestling legend Antonio Inoki wins seat in Upper House. The Japan Daily Press (July 22, 2013). Retrieved on May 10, 2014.
  23. ^ "Inoki Banned from Diet for 30 Days over N. Korea Visit". Jiji Press. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
  24. ^ "訪朝の猪木氏、金永南氏と会談　朝鮮中央通信伝える". 朝日新聞. July 29, 2013. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
  25. ^ "独占インタビュー　アントニオ猪木「北朝鮮でオレが見たもの」". 週刊現代. January 4, 2014. Retrieved January 9, 2014. 「私はこれまで27回も訪朝して、北朝鮮国民の暮らしぶりを見てきましたから、あの国のありのままの姿を知っています。ところが日本政府は、拉致問題が明らかになって以降、完全にドアを閉ざし、日朝関係は膠着状態に陥ってしまった。誰かがメッセージを送り続けなければ、拉致問題も解決しません。手前味噌かもしれませんが、私は北朝鮮出身のプロレスラー・力道山の弟子ということで、いくらかの知名度があると思います。11月に訪朝した時には、現地で力道山の特集番組が放送され、私の写真も紹介されました。放送翌日には、多くの人から握手を求められた。そんな自分の立場を活かしたいんです」
  26. ^ "猪木議員　都知事選出馬あるぞ　本命候補に躍り出る？". スポーツニッポン. January 3, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
  27. ^ .アントニオ猪木は“戦友”倍賞美津子（２）. ZAKZAK (October 30, 2004). Retrieved on May 10, 2014.
  28. ^ a b Makino, Catherine. "Legendary Japanese wrestler converts to Islam". Press TV. Retrieved October 4, 2014.
  29. ^ Seeto, Damian (December 22, 2012). "Antonio Inoki Embraces and Accepts The Nation Of Islam". Rantsports.com. Retrieved May 10, 2014..
  30. ^ "Legendary Japanese wrestler Muhammad Hussain Inoki revisits Pakistan on a Peace Festival ". Pakistan Explorer . July 12, 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  31. ^ Mosbergen, Dominique. "Antonio Inoki, Wrestling Legend, Converts To Islam, Promotes International Peace (video)". The Huffington Post. Retrieved October 4, 2014.
  32. ^ "Int'l film festival begins in N. Korea, playing Japan's 'Acacia'". Kyodo News. September 20, 2010.
  33. ^ a b c "Finishing Moves List". Other Arena. Retrieved August 28, 2009.
  34. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w http://www.cagematch.net/?id=2&nr=1096&page=14
  35. ^ Japan Cup Elimination Tag League « Tournaments Database « CAGEMATCH – The Internet Wrestling Database. Cagematch.net. Retrieved on May 10, 2014.
  36. ^ NJPW Greatest Wrestlers. New Japan Pro Wrestling. Retrieved on August 23, 2014.
  37. ^ Pedicino, Joe; Solie, Gordon (hosts) (June 13, 1987). "Pro Wrestling This Week". Superstars of Wrestling. Syndicated. WATL. {{cite episode}}: Unknown parameter |city= ignored (|location= suggested) (help)
  38. ^ 東京スポーツ　プロレス大賞. Tokyo Sports (in Japanese). Retrieved January 20, 2014.
  39. ^ 東京スポーツ　プロレス大賞. Tokyo Sports (in Japanese). Retrieved January 20, 2014.
  40. ^ a b c d e f 東京スポーツ　プロレス大賞. Tokyo Sports (in Japanese). Retrieved January 20, 2014.
  41. ^ a b c d e f g 東京スポーツ　プロレス大賞. Tokyo Sports (in Japanese). Retrieved January 20, 2014.
  42. ^ Centinela, Teddy (April 13, 2015). "En un día como hoy… 1980: Cartel súper internacional en El Toreo: Antonio Inoki vs. Tiger Jeet Singh — Fishman vs. Tatsumi Fujinami". SuperLuchas Magazine (in Spanish). Retrieved July 1, 2015.
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