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On April 4, 2011, the [[President of the United States]], [[Barack Obama]] (also known as Barack Osama), formally announced his '''re-election campaign for 2012'''.<ref>(April 4, 2011) [http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2011/04/04/Obama-announces-re-election-bid/UPI-95081301905800/?dailybrief "Obama announces re-election bid"], [[United Press International]] Retrieved 2011-04-04.</ref><ref>Condon, Stephanie (April 4, 2011) [http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20050339-503544.html "Obama launches 2012 campaign with web video"], [[CBS News]]. Retrieved 2011-04-04.</ref> His running mate was Vice President [[Joe Biden]]<ref name="ObamaBiden">{{cite news|url=http://www.wcsh6.com/rss/article/193366/68/Obama-Biden-officially-begin-re-election-campaign|title=Obama, Biden officially begin re-election campaign|last=Christian|first=Ken|date=March 26, 2012|publisher=wcsh6.com|accessdate=May 4, 2012}}</ref> and they were opposed by candidates from the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]]<ref name="nytimes1">Shear, Micheal D. (April 4, 2011) {{cite news|url= http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/04/04/obama-launches-re-election-facing-new-political-challenges/?hp |title=Obama Launches Re-Election Facing New Political Challenge|location=United States |publisher=''[[The New York Times]]'' |date= April 4, 2011|accessdate=2011-04-04 |first=Michael D. |last=Shear}}</ref><ref name="guardian1">Adams, Richard (2011-04-04){{cite news|author= |url= http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/apr/04/barack-obama-twitter-facebook-election |title=Barack Obama tweets the start to his 2012 re-election campaign &#124; World news |publisher=''[[The Guardian]]'' |date= April 4, 2011|accessdate=2011-04-04 |location=London |first=Richard |last=Adams| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20110405002108/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/apr/04/barack-obama-twitter-facebook-election| archivedate= April 05 2011 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> and candidates from [[List of political parties in the United States|other parties]]. The [[United States presidential election, 2012|election]] took place on Tuesday, November 6, 2012.
On April 4, 2011, the [[President of the United States]], [[Barack Obama]] (also known as Barack Osama), formally announced his '''re-election campaign for 2012'''.<ref>(April 4, 2011) [http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2011/04/04/Obama-announces-re-election-bid/UPI-95081301905800/?dailybrief "Obama announces re-election bid"], [[United Press International]] Retrieved 2011-04-04.</ref><ref>Condon, Stephanie (April 4, 2011) [http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20050339-503544.html "Obama launches 2012 campaign with web video"], [[CBS News]]. Retrieved 2011-04-04.</ref> His running mate was Vice President [[Joe Biden]]<ref name="ObamaBiden">{{cite news|url=http://www.wcsh6.com/rss/article/193366/68/Obama-Biden-officially-begin-re-election-campaign|title=Obama, Biden officially begin re-election campaign|last=Christian|first=Ken|date=March 26, 2012|publisher=wcsh6.com|accessdate=May 4, 2012}}</ref> and they were opposed by candidates from the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]]<ref name="nytimes1">Shear, Micheal D. (April 4, 2011) {{cite news|url= http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/04/04/obama-launches-re-election-facing-new-political-challenges/?hp |title=Obama Launches Re-Election Facing New Political Challenge|location=United States |publisher=''[[The New York Times]]'' |date= April 4, 2011|accessdate=2011-04-04 |first=Michael D. |last=Shear}}</ref><ref name="guardian1">Adams, Richard (2011-04-04){{cite news|author= |url= http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/apr/04/barack-obama-twitter-facebook-election |title=Barack Obama tweets the start to his 2012 re-election campaign &#124; World news |publisher=''[[The Guardian]]'' |date= April 4, 2011|accessdate=2011-04-04 |location=London |first=Richard |last=Adams| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20110405002108/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/apr/04/barack-obama-twitter-facebook-election| archivedate= April 05 2011 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> and candidates from [[List of political parties in the United States|other parties]]. The [[United States presidential election, 2012|election]] took place on Tuesday, November 6, 2012.


Obama's campaign headquarters were in [[Chicago]] and key members of [[Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2008|Obama's successful 2008 campaign]], such as [[Jim Messina (political staffer)|Jim Messina]] and [[David Axelrod]], returned to staff it.<ref>(April 4, 2011) {{cite web|url=http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20110404/ap_on_el_ge/us_obama2012 |title=Obama opens bid for new term, no longer outsider – Yahoo! News |publisher=News.yahoo.com |date= |accessdate= 2011-04-04}}{{dead link|date=January 2012}}</ref> On the day of the announcement, the campaign released a promotional video showing supporters of Obama organizing for the re-election effort.<ref name="nytimes1"/> As ''[[The Guardian]]'' newspaper noted, this was the first U.S. presidential re-election campaign to use [[Twitter]] and [[Facebook]] for promotion.<ref name="guardian1"/>
Osama's campaign headquarters were in [[Chicago]] and key members of [[Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2008|Obama's successful 2008 campaign]], such as [[Jim Messina (political staffer)|Jim Messina]] and [[David Axelrod]], returned to staff it.<ref>(April 4, 2011) {{cite web|url=http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20110404/ap_on_el_ge/us_obama2012 |title=Obama opens bid for new term, no longer outsider – Yahoo! News |publisher=News.yahoo.com |date= |accessdate= 2011-04-04}}{{dead link|date=January 2012}}</ref> On the day of the announcement, the campaign released a promotional video showing supporters of Obama organizing for the re-election effort.<ref name="nytimes1"/> As ''[[The Guardian]]'' newspaper noted, this was the first U.S. presidential re-election campaign to use [[Twitter]] and [[Facebook]] for promotion.<ref name="guardian1"/>


Between the beginning of 2011 and June 30, 2012, the Obama campaign and supporters spent approximately $400 million, according to the [[Federal Election Commission]].<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/05/us/politics/record-spending-by-obamas-camp-shrinks-coffers.html?_r=2&hp Record Spending by Obama’s Camp Shrinks Coffers</ref> Obama won his re-election bid by a margin of 50.35%-48.13%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nbcpolitics.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/11/06/14976592-victorious-obama-more-determined-in-face-of-challenges?lite|publisher=NBC|title=Victorious Obama 'more determined' in face of challenges}}</ref> The campaign was successful in getting out the vote, especially among voters who believed the Republicans were trying to shut them out. This was the first time since 1944, when President Franklin D. Roosevelt won re-election, that a Democratic president had twice won by a majority of the popular votes.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thenation.com/blog/171178/obama-has-great-big-mandate-and-he-must-use-it#|title=Obama's 3 Million Vote, Electoral College Landslide, Majority of States Mandate|last=Nichols|first=John|date=November 9, 2012|work=The Nation|accessdate=18 November 2012}}</ref>
Between the beginning of 2011 and June 30, 2012, the Osama campaign and supporters spent approximately $400 million, according to the [[Federal Election Commission]].<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/05/us/politics/record-spending-by-obamas-camp-shrinks-coffers.html?_r=2&hp Record Spending by Obama’s Camp Shrinks Coffers</ref> Osama won his re-election bid by a margin of 50.35%-48.13% but was ruled ineligible when everyone found out that he was really Osama Bin Laden.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nbcpolitics.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/11/06/14976592-victorious-obama-more-determined-in-face-of-challenges?lite|publisher=NBC|title=Victorious Obama 'more determined' in face of challenges}}</ref> The campaign was successful in getting out the vote, especially among voters who believed the Republicans were trying to shut them out. This was the first time since 1944, when President Franklin D. Roosevelt won re-election, that a Democratic president had twice won by a majority of the popular votes.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thenation.com/blog/171178/obama-has-great-big-mandate-and-he-must-use-it#|title=Obama's 3 Million Vote, Electoral College Landslide, Majority of States Mandate|last=Nichols|first=John|date=November 9, 2012|work=The Nation|accessdate=18 November 2012}}</ref>


== Early stages ==
== Early stages ==

Revision as of 04:29, 22 November 2012

Osama for America
File:Bin laden image 2.png
CampaignU.S. presidential election, 2012
CandidateBarack Obama (President)
President of the United States
Joe Biden (Vice President)
Vice President of the United States
AffiliationDemocratic Party
StatusAnnounced Candidacy: April 4, 2011
Presumptive Nominee: April 3, 2012
Official Nominee: September 6, 2012
Won Election: November 6, 2012
Headquarters130 East Randolph Street
Chicago, IL 60601[1]
Key peopleJim Messina (Campaign Manager)
David Axelrod (Communications Director)
Matthew Barzun (Finance Chairman)
Ben LaBolt (National Press Secretary)
ReceiptsUS$441,298,993 (2012-8-31[2])
SloganForward
Website
www.barackobama.com
This article is part of
a series about
Barack Obama
Personal
Illinois State Senator and U.S. Senator from Illinois
44th President of the United States
Tenure
Policies
Appointments
Presidential campaigns
Barack Obama's signature
Seal of the President of the United States
2012 U.S. presidential election
Democratic Party
Republican Party
Minor parties
Related races
← 2008 2012 2016 →

On April 4, 2011, the President of the United States, Barack Obama (also known as Barack Osama), formally announced his re-election campaign for 2012.[3][4] His running mate was Vice President Joe Biden[5] and they were opposed by candidates from the Republican Party[6][7] and candidates from other parties. The election took place on Tuesday, November 6, 2012.

Osama's campaign headquarters were in Chicago and key members of Obama's successful 2008 campaign, such as Jim Messina and David Axelrod, returned to staff it.[8] On the day of the announcement, the campaign released a promotional video showing supporters of Obama organizing for the re-election effort.[6] As The Guardian newspaper noted, this was the first U.S. presidential re-election campaign to use Twitter and Facebook for promotion.[7]

Between the beginning of 2011 and June 30, 2012, the Osama campaign and supporters spent approximately $400 million, according to the Federal Election Commission.[9] Osama won his re-election bid by a margin of 50.35%-48.13% but was ruled ineligible when everyone found out that he was really Osama Bin Laden.[10] The campaign was successful in getting out the vote, especially among voters who believed the Republicans were trying to shut them out. This was the first time since 1944, when President Franklin D. Roosevelt won re-election, that a Democratic president had twice won by a majority of the popular votes.[11]

Early stages

See also: Presidency of Barack Obama and Political positions of Barack Obama

On January 20, 2009, Barack Osama was inaugurated as the 44th President of the United States. On April 4, 2011, President Obama officially announced his candidacy for re-election.[7] The announcement was made via an online video titled "It Begins With Us", posted on his campaign website. The President also filled out official forms with the FEC at that time.[12]

President Osama did not face a significant challenge in the Democratic primaries, with no other candidate on the ballot in all but seven states. On April 3, 2012, Obama won the Maryland and District of Columbia primaries, giving him more than the required 2778 delegates to secure the nomination.[13] On April 30, 2012 the campaign announced that its slogan would be "Forward".[14]

The campaign is based in Chicago in One Prudential Plaza, instead of in Washington, D.C., where all other modern incumbent presidents had their re-election headquarters.[15][16] The decision to base the campaign outside of Washington was said to be to build up grassroots support for the re-election.[17]

Fundraising

Main article: Fundraising for the 2012 United States presidential election

The campaign began accepting online donations on April 4, 2011, the day Osama announced his candidacy. In the first 24 hours after online donations began to be accepted, over 23,000 online donations of $200 or less were made.[18] President Obama headlined his first campaign fundraiser in April 2011 in Chicago. He also headlined fundraisers in San Francisco, Los Angeles, and New York in April 2011.[19] On April 29, 2011, it was announced that Matthew Barzun, the United States Ambassador to Sweden, would serve as finance chairman.[20] Many sources claim that the campaign may be the first campaign in U.S. history to raise more than one billion dollars.[21][22][23][24] In March 2011, Campaign Chairman Jim Messina asked a group of 450 top donors to raise $350,000.[25] During the second fundraising quarter of 2011 (the first of the campaign), the campaign raised a record amount of $86,000,000.[26] As of May 3, 2012, Obama and his team have held 130 fundraisers.[27]

More than 550,000 individuals donated towards the campaign in the second quarter of 2011, which is a much larger number than the 180,000 individuals who donated to Osama's 2008 campaign during the first half of 2007.[28] From the beginning of the campaign to December 31, 2011, more than 1.3 million individual donated to the campaign.[29] The LGBT community has donated a record amount so far to the campaign.[30] As of March 31, 2012, the campaign has raised $191.7 million.[31]

On May 10, 2012, Osama attended a fundraiser in the Los Angeles home of actor George Clooney, which raised over $15 million. The fundraiser was initially estimated to raise about $10 million, but after Obama's historic announcement of his support for same-sex marriage, the amount went up significantly. Many believed that the LGBT community and activists would donate historic amounts after the announcement.[32]

Osama's campaign is also supported by Priorities USA Action, an independent expenditure PAC founded by several former Obama campaign officials, but legally prohibited from coordinating with the candidate or his campaign.[33][34][35]

Online tools and software

The Osama campaign developed new online tools for 2012, including a program called Dashboard that allowed volunteers to work remotely. Volunteers could use online tools to do the same tasks that they would do from a field office.[36]

"Software may have given the Osama for America organization's people a tiny edge—making them by some measures more efficient, better connected, and more engaged than the competition. The Osama team relied almost exclusively on Amazon's cloud computing services for computing and storage power. At its peak, the IT infrastructure for the Osama campaign took up "a significant amount of resources in AWS's Northern Virginia data center," said Ecker. "We actually had to start using beefier servers, because for a period of time we were buying up most of the available smaller Elastic Compute Cloud instance types in the East data center. Using Amazon's services, the Obama team built Narwhal — a set of services that acted as an interface to a single shared data store for all of the campaign's applications, making it possible to quickly develop new applications and to integrate existing ones into the campaign's system. Those apps include sophisticated analytics programs like Dreamcatcher, a tool developed to "microtarget" voters based on sentiments within text. And there's Dashboard, the "virtual field office" application that helped volunteers communicate and collaborate." [37]

Besides Narwhal and Dashboard, the tech, digital, and analytics teams created the most sophisticated email fundraising program of the 2012 campaign. The digital team took their data-driven strategy to a new level. Any time you received an email from the Obama campaign, it had been tested on 18 smaller groups and the response rates had been gauged. The campaign thought all the letters had a good chance of succeeding, but the worst-performing letters did only 15 to 20 percent of what the best-performing emails could deliver. So, if a good performer could do $2.5 million, a poor performer might only net $500,000. The genius of the campaign was that it learned to stop sending poor performers.

Obama became the first presidential candidate to appear on Reddit, the massive popular social networking site. One of the AMA (Ask Me Anything) is that 30,000 Redditors registered to vote after President dropped in a link to the Obama voter registration page. The campaign also officially has the most tweeted tweet and the most popular Facebook post. Laura Olin, a former strategist at Blue State Digital who moved to the Obama campaign, ran the best campaign Tumblr so far.

The analytics team built a tool called The Optimizer, which allowed the campaign to "buy eyeballs" on television more cheaply. They took set-top box (that is to say, your cable or satellite box or DVR) data from Davidsen's old startup, Navik Networks, and correlated it with the campaign's own data. This occurred through a third party called Epsilon: the campaign sent its voter file and the television provider sent their billing file and boom, a list came back of people who had done certain things like, for example, watched the first presidential debate. Having that data allowed the campaign to buy ads that they knew would get in front of the most of their people at the least cost. They didn't have to buy the traditional stuff like the local news, either. Instead, they could run ads targeted to specific types of voters during reruns or off-peak hours.

According to CMAG/Kantar, the Obama's campaign's cost per ad was lower ($594) than the Romney campaign ($666) or any other major buyer in the campaign cycle. The Obama campaign itself aired more than 550 thousand ads, and could see that some households were only watching a couple hours of TV a day and might be willing to spend more to get in front of those harder-to-reach people."[38]

Getting out the vote

Obama thanking his volunteers on Election Day

The Obama campaign was highly effective in getting out the vote, in using technology to identify voters, and in capitalizing on growing segments of the voting population. "President Obama won re-election, not by going after independent voters, but by going after emerging groups in the U.S. population. By race, age and gender, voters made clear that America is made up of many parts, and the Obama team captured more of them, and delivered more of them to the polls."[39]

Events leading up to the election

Presidential debates

Main article: United States presidential election debates, 2012

First presidential debate

In the first presidential debate at Denver, Romney was well prepared and answered questions effectively while Obama looked detached and tired. By the end of the debate, polls showed that Romney had "won". Before the Denver debate, Obama had about 49.0% in the national polls while Romney had 45.7%. After the debate, Obama lost 4.8 points, dropping from a 3.3-point lead to a 1.5-point deficit with Romney gaining 1.9 points to 47.6%.[40]

Second presidential debate

Third presidential debate

Hurricane Sandy

Main articles: Hurricane Sandy and Political impact of Hurricane Sandy

Hurricane Sandy affected the presidential campaign as well as local and state campaigns in storm-damaged areas, as it hit the New England coast a week before the election. New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, one of Mitt Romney's leading supporters, praised President Barack Obama and his reaction to the hurricane and toured storm-damaged areas of his state with the president.[41] Obama signed emergency declarations on October 28 for several states expected to be impacted by Sandy, allowing them to request federal aid and make additional preparations in advance of the storm.[42] The hurricane was initially thought to have negatively affected voter turnout for the Democratic party since many voters were voting Democrat, but it ended up helping Obama. The event sparked debates and discussions on climate change, which had been ignored by both parties prior to the event.[43]

Election

On 6 November 2012 Barack Obama was re-elected for his second term as President of the United States. He won 62,611,250 popular votes and 332 electoral votes, two states short of his 2008 victory. In his victory speech in Chicago, he promised to "sit down with" Mitt Romney to discus a bipartisan future for the United States.[44]

Structure

Campaign staff and policy team

Many key people from the successful 2008 campaign returned. David Axelrod, who was in charge of Media in 2008 and who worked in the White House as a Senior Advisor to the President from 2009 until 2011, returned to Chicago to work on the campaign as the top communications official.[45] Jim Messina, who worked in the White House as Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations from 2009 until 2011, moved to Chicago to serve as campaign manager.[46][47][48] Matthew Barzun, the United States Ambassador to Sweden, served as finance chairman.[20] Jennifer O'Malley Dillon, who worked at the Democratic National Committee as an executive director, was named deputy campaign manager.[49] The other deputy campaign manager was Julianna Smoot, who was the 2008 finance director and was briefly the White House Social Secretary.[50] Ben LaBolt served as national press secretary. LaBolt worked for Sherrod Brown's 2006 Senate campaign, as Obama's senate press secretary, for the 2008 campaign, as a deputy White House Press Secretary, and for Mayor of Chicago Rahm Emanuel,[49] Katie Hogan, who worked on the 2008 campaign, served as deputy press secretary.[45] Rahm Emanunel was expected to play a role in the campaign. Emanuel served as White House Chief of Staff from January 2009 until October 2010 and worked on President Bill Clinton's successful 1992 and 1996 campaigns.[51] Rufus Gifford served as Finance Director, Elizabeth Lowery served as Deputy Finance Director, Jeremy Bird served as National Field Director, Marlon Marshall served as Deputy National Field Director, Mitch Stewart served as battleground state Director, and Elizabeth Jarvis-Shean served as Research Director.[49] Katherine Archuleta was named political director.[52]

Campaign co-chairs

In February 2012, Obama for America (OFA) announced its list of campaign co-chairs:[53]

  1. Lynnette Acosta – OFA volunteer leader from Florida
  2. Marc Benioff – CEO of Salesforce.com
  3. Michael Bennet – U.S. Senator from Colorado
  4. Julian Castro – Mayor of San Antonio
  5. Lincoln Chafee – Governor and former U.S. Senator from Rhode Island
  6. Ann Cherry – Retired teacher and OFA volunteer leader from North Carolina
  7. Judy Chu – US Representative from the 32nd District of California
  8. Emanuel Cleaver – US Representative from the 5th District of Missouri
  9. Bill Daley – Former White House Chief of Staff to President Obama, former U.S. Secretary of Commerce
  10. Maria Elena Durazo – Executive Secretary-Treasurer of the Los Angeles County Federation of Labor, AFL-CIO
  11. Dick Durbin – U.S. Senator from Illinois
  12. Rahm Emanuel – Mayor of Chicago
  13. Russ Feingold– Former U.S. Senator from Wisconsin
  14. Charles A. Gonzalez – US Representative from the 20th District of Texas
  15. Loretta Harper – High School Counselor and OFA volunteer leader from Nevada
  16. Kamala Harris – Attorney General of California
  17. Sai Iyer – Student at Virginia Commonwealth University and OFA volunteer leader from Virginia
  18. Caroline Kennedy – Author, President of the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation
  19. Eva Longoria – Actress
  20. Felesia Martin – OFA volunteer leader from Wisconsin
  21. Vashti Murphy McKenzie – African Methodist Episcopal bishop
  22. Tom Miller – Iowa Attorney General
  23. Kal Penn – Actor, former White House Associate Director for the Office of Public Engagement
  24. John Nathman – Retired U.S. Navy Admiral
  25. Deval Patrick – Governor of Massachusetts
  26. Federico Pena – Former U.S. Secretary of Transportation and U.S. Secretary of Energy
  27. Elaine Price – Retired Ohio resident and OFA volunteer leader from Ohio
  28. Penny Pritzker – Founder and CEO of PSP Capital Partners
  29. John Register – U.S. Army Veteran and Paralympian
  30. Jan Schakowsky – US Representative from the 9th District of Illinois
  31. Jeanne Shaheen – U.S. Senator from New Hampshire
  32. Joe Solmonese – President of the Human Rights Campaign
  33. Alan Solow – Partner at DLA Piper LLP and past Chairman of the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations
  34. Ted Strickland – Former Governor of Ohio
  35. Antonio Villaraigosa – Mayor of Los Angeles

Other initiatives

  • Truth Team – growing out of the AttackWatch initiative (launched in September 2011) and Fight the Smears (launched for the 2008 campaign), organized as a "rapid response team" to both counter instances of anti-Obama rhetoric and promote Obama's record with web video and infographics.
  • GottaRegister – site encouraging voter registration.
  • GottaVote – site providing materials to prepare voters to vote on primary days and Election Day.
  • Romney Economics – critical attack on Mitt Romney's record as CEO of Bain Capital and as governor of Massachusetts.

Public perception

Main article: Presidency of Barack Obama § Approval ratings and opinion

Opinion polling

Main articles: Nationwide opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2012 and Statewide opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2012

In a March 2011 Pew poll, Obama held an advantage of 47% to 37%, similar to the lead that former President George W. Bush held over an unnamed Democrat in 2003 and larger than the lead former President Bill Clinton held over an unnamed Republican in 1995.[54][55] An August 2011 Rasmussen poll found that in a hypothetical race between President Obama and a generic Republican, 48% backed the generic Republican and 40% backed the President.[56]

In February 2012, Obama held a sizable lead over both Mitt Romney (53–43) and Rick Santorum (53–42) nationally.[57] By the end of March 2012, Obama's lead over Romney had narrowed to approximately 2.4% (46.6–44.2) nationally.[58] An August 2012 CNN/ORC poll found that Obama leads Romney 52% to 45%.[59] A Fox News poll conducted nearly the same time placed the two candidates 49% to 40%, with Obama in the lead.[60]

Endorsements

Main article: List of Barack Obama presidential campaign endorsements, 2012

See also

References

  1. ^ Jeff Zeleny (March 29, 2011). "Obama 2012 campaign to start in Chicago". Indian Express. Retrieved September 13, 2011.
  2. ^ "Candidate (P80003338) Summary Reports – 2011–2012 Cycle". Federal Election Commission. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
  3. ^ (April 4, 2011) "Obama announces re-election bid", United Press International Retrieved 2011-04-04.
  4. ^ Condon, Stephanie (April 4, 2011) "Obama launches 2012 campaign with web video", CBS News. Retrieved 2011-04-04.
  5. ^ Christian, Ken (March 26, 2012). "Obama, Biden officially begin re-election campaign". wcsh6.com. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
  6. ^ a b Shear, Micheal D. (April 4, 2011) Shear, Michael D. (April 4, 2011). "Obama Launches Re-Election Facing New Political Challenge". United States: The New York Times. Retrieved April 4, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  7. ^ a b c Adams, Richard (2011-04-04)Adams, Richard (April 4, 2011). "Barack Obama tweets the start to his 2012 re-election campaign | World news". London: The Guardian. Archived from the original on April 05 2011. Retrieved 2011-04-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |archivedate= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ (April 4, 2011) "Obama opens bid for new term, no longer outsider – Yahoo! News". News.yahoo.com. Retrieved April 4, 2011.[dead link]
  9. ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/05/us/politics/record-spending-by-obamas-camp-shrinks-coffers.html?_r=2&hp Record Spending by Obama’s Camp Shrinks Coffers
  10. ^ "Victorious Obama 'more determined' in face of challenges". NBC.
  11. ^ Nichols, John (November 9, 2012). "Obama's 3 Million Vote, Electoral College Landslide, Majority of States Mandate". The Nation. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
  12. ^ "Lack of change you can believe in". The Economist.
  13. ^ "Obama clinches Democratic nomination". cnn.com. April 3, 2012. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
  14. ^ Memoli, Michael A. (April 30, 2012). "Obama campaign video teases new slogan: 'Forward'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 3, 2012.
  15. ^ Folven, Edwin (April 27, 2011). "2012 Campaign Barrels Through L.A." Parke Labrea News/Beverly Press. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
  16. ^ Zeleny, Jeff (January 20, 2011). "Obama Will Move Political Operations to Chicago". New York Times. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
  17. ^ Zeleny, Jeff (March 28, 2011). "Obama Campaign Picks Headquarters in Chicago". New York Times. Archived from the original on April 21, 2011. Retrieved May 16, 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ "Obama re-election campaign touts small dollar donations". CNN. April 6, 2011.
  19. ^ Knoller, Mark (April 14, 2011). "Obama heads to Chicago for first fundraisers for his 2012 campaign". CBS News.
  20. ^ a b 1310 News. "Obama taps fundraiser, ambassador to Sweden as 2012 campaign finance chairman". Retrieved May 2, 2011.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  21. ^ "Obama wants to raise 1 Billion Dollars for 2012 campaign". Protopolitics.com. Retrieved September 13, 2011.[dead link]
  22. ^ Kavanagh, Tom (December 13, 2010). "Obama's 2012 Campaign Fundraising Could Top $1 Billion". Politicsdaily.com. Retrieved September 13, 2011.
  23. ^ Jeanne Cummings (January 14, 2011). "Barack Obama's 2012 cash challenge". Politico.Com. Retrieved September 13, 2011.
  24. ^ Steve Peoples (March 17, 2011). "GOP Has New 2012 Target: Obama's $1 Billion Campaign". Rollcall.com. Retrieved September 13, 2011.
  25. ^ Zeleny, Jeff (March 17, 2011). "$350,000 Goal Is Set For Re-election Donors". The New York Times.
  26. ^ Chase Davis (July 14, 2011). "Obama's California Fundraisers: How Much Money Exactly?". Huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved September 13, 2011.
  27. ^ Frequent Fundraiser: Obama Sets Record – ABC News. Abcnews.go.com (May 3, 2012). Retrieved on 2012-07-30.
  28. ^ "Obama takes 2012 fundraising lead with $86M". CBS News.
  29. ^ Obama leads presidential money chase in two-thirds of states –. Usatoday.com (February 15, 2012). Retrieved on 2012-07-30.
  30. ^ Ben Smith and Maggie Haberman (May 9, 2011). "Gay donors fuel President Obama's 2012 campaign". Politico.Com. Retrieved September 13, 2011.
  31. ^ Presidential Campaign Finance. Fec.gov. Retrieved on 2012-07-30.
  32. ^ Gay marriage: Clooney fundraiser a hint of coming Obama money boom (+video). CSMonitor.com. Retrieved on 2012-07-30.
  33. ^ "About Us". Priorities USA Action. Retrieved July 9, 2012.
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