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2018 Brazilian general election

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Brazilian general election, 2018
← 2014 7 October 2018 (2018-10-07) (first round)
28 October 2018 (2018-10-28) (second round)		 2022 →
Opinion polls
Turnout79.67% (first round)[1]
 
Candidate Jair Bolsonaro Fernando Haddad[b]
Party PSL PT
Alliance Brazil Above Everything, God Above Everyone The People Happy Again
Home state Rio de Janeiro[a] São Paulo
Running mate Antônio Hamilton Mourão Manuela d'Ávila
First round winners by state and the Federal District
  Bolsonaro, >50% of valid votes
  Bolsonaro, <50% of valid votes
  Haddad, >50% of valid votes
  Haddad, <50% of valid votes
  Gomes, <50% of valid votes
Incumbent President

Michel Temer
MDB



Official 2018 elections logo

General elections were held in Brazil on 7 October 2018 to elect the President, Vice President and the National Congress. Elections for state Governors and Vice Governors, state Legislative Assemblies and Federal District Legislative Chamber were held at the same time.

On 7 October 2018, Rio de Janeiro congressman Jair Bolsonaro came first in the first round of the election. The run-off will be between him and former São Paulo mayor Fernando Haddad.[3] Run-off elections will be held on 28 October 2018.

Background

The 2014 elections saw Workers' Party candidate Dilma Rousseff reelected as President in the second round with 51.6% of the vote, defeating Aécio Neves of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party who received 48.4% of the vote.[4] Rousseff had first been elected in the 2010 elections, succeeding her political mentor, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who was in office from 2003 until 2011.

However, on 3 December 2015, impeachment proceedings against Rousseff were officially accepted by the Chamber of Deputies.[5] On 12 May 2016, the Federal Senate temporarily suspended Rousseff's powers and duties for up to six months or until the Senate reached a verdict: to remove her from office if found guilty or to acquit her from the crimes charged.[6] Vice President Michel Temer, of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party, assumed her powers and duties as Acting President of Brazil during the suspension.[7][8] On 31 August 2016, the Senate voted 61–20 in favor of impeachment, finding Rousseff guilty of breaking budgetary laws and removing her from office.[9][10] Critics of the impeachment saw it as a legislative coup d'état, since the budgetary adjustments happened in her first term, and not after her re-election. Vice President Temer succeeded Rousseff as the 37th President of Brazil. His government implemented policies that contradicted the platform on which Rousseff's Workers Party had been elected, in one of the most controversial and politically-heated periods of modern Brazilian history.

Electoral system

Voters lined up waiting for their turn to vote in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul

Voting in Brazil is allowed for citizens over 16 years of age, and mandatory for those between 18 and 70 years of age. Those who do not vote in an election and do not later present an acceptable justification (such as being away from their voting location at the time) must pay a fine of 3.51 BRL (equivalent to 0.90 USD as of October 2018).[11][12] Brazilian citizens residing abroad only vote for president.

Presidential elections

The President and the Vice President of Brazil are elected using the two-round system. Citizens may field their candidacies for the presidency, and participate in the general elections, which are held on the first Sunday in October (in this instance, 7 October 2018).[13] If the most-voted candidate takes more than 50% of the overall vote, he or she is declared elected. If the 50% threshold is not met by any candidate, a second round of voting is held on the last Sunday in October (in this instance, 28 October 2018). In the second round, only the two most-voted candidates from the first round may participate. The winner of the second round is elected President of Brazil. Candidates for President run for office jointly with a candidate for Vice-President, and the Vice-President is elected as a consequence of the election of the President.

Gubernatorial elections

Main article: Brazilian gubernatorial elections, 2018

The Governors and Vice Governors of all states and of the Federal District will be elected, in two rounds if needed, in the same way as the presidential election.

Congressional elections

Federal Senate elections

Two-thirds of the 81 members of the Federal Senate will be elected for a term of 8 years in office, the other third having been elected in 2014. Two candidates will be elected from each of the states and Federal District using majority block voting, with voters able to cast two votes each.[14]

Chamber of Deputies elections

All 513 members of the Chamber of Deputies (federal deputies) will be elected, with candidates elected from 27 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the states and Federal District, varying in size from eight to 70 seats. The Chamber elections are held using open list proportional representation, with seats allocated using the simple quotient.[15]

Legislative Assemblies elections

All members of the State Legislative Assemblies (state deputies) and of the Federal District Legislative Chamber (district deputies), varying in size from 24 to 94 seats, will be elected. These elections are also held using open list proportional representation, with seats allocated using the simple quotient.

Number of federal and state/district deputies per state/district[16]
State or district Federal deputies State or district deputies
Acre 8 24
Alagoas 9 27
Amapá 8 24
Amazonas 8 24
Bahia 39 63
Ceará 22 46
Federal District 8 24
Espírito Santo 10 30
Goiás 17 41
Maranhão 18 42
Mato Grosso 8 24
Mato Grosso do Sul 8 24
Minas Gerais 53 77
Pará 17 41
Paraíba 12 36
Paraná 30 54
Pernambuco 25 49
Piauí 10 30
Rio de Janeiro 46 70
Rio Grande do Norte 8 24
Rio Grande do Sul 31 55
Rondônia 8 24
Roraima 8 24
Santa Catarina 16 40
São Paulo 70 94
Sergipe 8 24
Tocantins 8 24

Presidential candidates

Confirmed candidates

# Presidential candidate Vice-Presidential candidate Party/coalition Former positions Main article
12
Ciro Gomes (PDT)
Kátia Abreu[17] (PDT)
Sovereign Brazil[18]
PDT, AVANTE
 Federal Deputy from Ceará 2007–2011; Minister of National Integration 2003–2006; Minister of Finance 1994–1995; Governor of Ceará 1991–1994; Mayor of Fortaleza 1989–1990; State Deputy of Ceará 1983–1989; candidate for President in 1998 and 2002.
Main article: Ciro Gomes presidential campaign, 2018
13
Fernando Haddad (PT)
Manuela d'Ávila (PCdoB)
The People Happy Again
PT,[19] PROS,[20] PCdoB[21]
 51st Mayor of São Paulo 2013–2017; Minister of Education 2005–2012.
Main article: Fernando Haddad presidential campaign, 2018
15
Henrique Meirelles (MDB)
Germano Rigotto (MDB)
This is the Solution
MDB, PHS
 Minister of the Economy 2016–2018; President of the Central Bank of Brazil 2003–2011; Federal Deputy from Goiás 2003; President of FleetBoston Financial's Global Banking 1999–2002; President and COO of BankBoston 1996–1999; President of BankBoston Brasil 1984–1996.
Main article: Henrique Meirelles presidential campaign, 2018
16
Vera Lúcia (PSTU)
Hertz Dias (PSTU)
United Socialist Workers' Party (PSTU)
 Unionist
Main article: Vera Lúcia presidential campaign, 2018
17
Jair Bolsonaro (PSL)
Gen. Hamilton Mourão (PRTB)
Brazil Above Everything, God Above Everyone
PSL, PRTB
 Federal Deputy from Rio de Janeiro since 1991; Alderman of Rio de Janeiro 1989–1991.
Main article: Jair Bolsonaro presidential campaign, 2018
18
Marina Silva (REDE)
Eduardo Jorge (PV)
United to Transform Brazil
REDE, PV
 Spokeswoman of the REDE since 2013; Senator from Acre 1995–2011; Minister of the Environment 2003–2008; State Deputy of Acre 1991–1995; Alderwoman of Rio Branco 1989–1991; candidate for President in 2010 and 2014.[22]
Main article: Marina Silva presidential campaign, 2018
19
Álvaro Dias
(PODE)
Paulo Rabello de Castro (PSC)
Real Change
PODE, PSC, PTC, PRP
 Álvaro Dias – Senator from Paraná 1983–1987 and 1999–2018; Governor of Paraná 1987–1991; Federal Deputy from Paraná 1975–1983; State Deputy of Paraná 1971–1975.[23][24]
Main article: Álvaro Dias presidential campaign, 2018
27
José Maria Eymael (DC)
Helvio Costa (DC)
Christian Democracy (DC)
 President of the DC since 1997; Federal Deputy from São Paulo 1986–1995; candidate for President in 1998, 2006, 2010 and 2014; candidate for Mayor of São Paulo in 2012.[25]
Main article: José Maria Eymael presidential campaign, 2018
30
João Amoêdo (NOVO)
File:Christian-Lohbauer.jpg
 Christian Lohbauer (NOVO)
New Party (NOVO)
 João Dionisio Amoêdo – President of the NOVO 2011–2017.[26]
Main article: João Amoêdo presidential campaign, 2018
45
Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB)
Ana Amélia (PP)
To unite Brazil[27]
PSDB, DEM, PP, PR, PRB, SD, PTB, PSD, PPS
 Geraldo Alckmin – Governor of São Paulo 2011–2018 and 2001–2006; President of the PSDB since 2017; State Secretary of Development of São Paulo 2009–2010; Vice Governor of São Paulo 1995–2001; Federal Deputy from São Paulo 1987–1994; State Deputy of São Paulo 1983–1987; Mayor of Pindamonhangaba 1977–1982; Alderman of Pindamonhangaba 1973–1977; candidate for President in 2006.[28]
Main article: Geraldo Alckmin presidential campaign, 2018
50
Guilherme Boulos (PSOL)
Sônia Guajajara (PSOL)
Let's Go Without Fear of Changing Brazil[29]
PSOL, PCB
 Professor at USP, political and social activist, coordinator of the MTST and writer.
Main article: Guilherme Boulos presidential campaign, 2018
51
Cabo Daciolo (PATRI)
Suelene Balduino Nascimento (PATRI)
Patriota (PATRI)
 Federal Deputy from Rio de Janeiro since 2015.[30]
Main article: Cabo Daciolo presidential campaign, 2018
54
João Vicente Goulart (PPL)
Léo Alves (PPL)
Free Homeland Party (PPL)
 State Deputy of Rio Grande do Sul 1982–1986.
Main article: João Vicente Goulart presidential campaign, 2018

Lost in primaries or conventions

Declined candidates

Attack against Bolsonaro during campaign event

Jair Bolsonaro was stabbed on 6 September 2018 while campaigning in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais and interacting with supporters.[87] Bolsonaro's son, Flávio, has stated that his father's wounds were only superficial and he was recovering in hospital.[88] Police arrested and identified the attacker as Adelio Bispo de Oliveira, who claimed that he was "ordered by God to carry out the attack".[89] Flávio Bolsonaro later stated that the wounds inflicted seem worse than initially thought. He tweeted about his father's condition, explaining that the perforation reached part of the liver, the lung and part of the intestine. He also stated that Bolsonaro had lost a large amount of blood, arriving at the hospital with a pressure of 10/3, but had since stabilized.[90][91][87] Most of the other candidates in the presidential race (from both sides of the political spectrum), and the current Brazilian president, Michel Temer, condemned the attack.[92]

Debates

First round

Presidential debates

Date Host Moderator Lula (PT) Jair Bolsonaro (PSL) Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB) Marina Silva (REDE) Ciro Gomes (PDT) Álvaro Dias (PODE) Henrique Meirelles (MDB) Guilherme Boulos (PSOL) Cabo Daciolo (PATRI) João Vicente Goulart (PPL) João Amoêdo (NOVO) Eymael (DC) Vera Lúcia (PSTU)
9 August 2018[93] Rede Bandeirantes Ricardo Boechat Absent[c] Present Present Present Present Present Present Present Present Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited
17 August 2018[94] RedeTV!, Istoé Amanda Klein, Boris Casoy and Mariana Godoy Absent[d] Present Present Present Present Present Present Present Present Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited
27 August 2018[96] Jovem Pan N/A Cancelled[e]

On 1 September 2018, the Superior Electoral Court voted 6–1 to reject Lula's candidacy, but approved the PT-PCdoB-PROS coalition "The People Happy Again" and the vice-presidential candidacy of Fernando Haddad.[98] The Workers' Party replaced Lula with Haddad and announced the former presidential candidate Manuela D'Ávila as his running mate.[99]

Date Host Moderator Fernando Haddad (PT) Jair Bolsonaro (PSL) Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB) Marina Silva (REDE) Ciro Gomes (PDT) Álvaro Dias (PODE) Henrique Meirelles (MDB) Guilherme Boulos (PSOL) Cabo Daciolo (PATRI) João Vicente Goulart (PPL) João Amoêdo (NOVO) Eymael (DC) Vera Lúcia (PSTU)
9 September 2018[100] TV Gazeta, O Estado de S. Paulo Maria Lydia Flândoli Absent[f] Absent[g] Present Present Present Present Present Present Absent[h] Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited
18 September 2018[102] Piauí, Poder360 N/A Cancelled[i]
20 September 2018[104] Rede Aparecida Joyce Ribeiro Present Absent Present Present Present Present Present Present Absent Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited
26 September 2018[105] SBT, Folha, UOL Carlos Nascimento Present Absent Present Present Present Present Present Present Present Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited
30 September 2018[106] RecordTV, R7 Adriana Araújo, Celso Freitas Present Absent Present Present Present Present Present Present Present Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited
4 October 2018[107] Globo, G1 William Bonner Present Absent Present Present Present Present Present Present Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited

Vice presidential debates

Date Host Moderator Fernando Haddad (PT) Hamilton Mourão (PSL) Ana Amélia (PSDB) Eduardo Jorge (REDE) Kátia Abreu (PDT) Paulo Rabello (PODE) Germano Rigotto (MDB) Sônia Guajajara (PSOL) Suelene Balduino (PATRI) Léo Alves (PPL) Christian Lohbauer (NOVO) Helvio Costa (DC) Hertz Dias (PSTU)
5 September 2018[108] Veja Lillian Witte Absent Present Present Present Absent Present Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited

Second round

Date Host Moderator Fernando Haddad (PT) Jair Bolsonaro (PSL)
11 October 2018 Rede Bandeirantes Ricardo Boechat Cancelled[j]
14 October 2018 TV Gazeta, O Estado de S. Paulo Maria Lydia Flândoli Invited Invited
15 October 2018 RedeTV!, Istoé Amanda Klein, Boris Casoy and Mariana Godoy Cancelled[k]
17 October 2018 SBT, Folha Carlos Nascimento Invited Invited
21 October 2018 RecordTV, R7 Adriana Araújo, Celso Freitas Invited Invited
26 October 2018 Globo, G1 William Bonner Invited Invited

Opinion polls

Main article: Opinion polling for the Brazilian general election, 2018

Results

President

File:States carried per candidate first round.png
States carried per candidate on first round according to TSE
Candidate Party Running mate Party First round Second round
Votes % Votes %
Jair Bolsonaro Social Liberal Party Antônio Hamilton Mourão Brazilian Labour Renewal Party 49,276,990 46.03
Fernando Haddad Workers' Party Manuela d'Ávila Communist Party of Brazil 31,342,005 29.28
Ciro Gomes Democratic Labour Party Kátia Abreu Democratic Labour Party 13,344,366 12.47
bgcolor="Template:Brazilian Social Democracy Party/meta/color"| Geraldo Alckmin Brazilian Social Democracy Party Ana Amélia Progressistas 5,096,349 4.76
João Amoêdo New Party Christian Lohbauer New Party 2,679,744 2.50
bgcolor="Template:National Ecologic Party/meta/color"| Cabo Daciolo Patriota Suelene Balduino Patriota 1,348,323 1.26
bgcolor="Template:Brazilian Democratic Movement Party/meta/color"| Henrique Meirelles Brazilian Democratic Movement Germano Rigotto Brazilian Democratic Movement 1,288,948 1.20
Marina Silva Sustainability Network Eduardo Jorge Green Party 1,069,577 1.00
Álvaro Dias Podemos Paulo Rabello de Castro Social Christian Party 859,601 0.80
Guilherme Boulos Socialism and Liberty Party Sônia Guajajara Socialism and Liberty Party 617,122 0.58
Vera Lúcia United Socialist Workers' Party Hertz Dias United Socialist Workers' Party 55,762 0.05
José Maria Eymael Christian Democracy Hélvio Costa Christian Democracy 41,710 0.04
João Vicente Goulart Free Homeland Party Léo Dias Free Homeland Party 30,176 0.03
Invalid/blank votes 10,313,141 – –
Total 117,364,560 100
Registered voters/turnout 147,305,825 79.67
Source: Globo
Popular vote (first round)
Bolsonaro
 
 46.03%
Haddad
 
 29.28%
Ciro
 
 12.47%
Alckmin
 
 4.76%
Amoêdo
 
 2.5%
Daciolo
 
 1.26%
Meirelles
 
 1.2%
Silva
 
 1.0%
Others
 
 1.5%

Congress

Chamber of Deputies
Senate
Party Chamber of Deputies Senate
Votes % Seats +/– Votes % Elected Total +/–
Social Liberal Party 11,457,878 11.7 52 +44 19,413,869 11.3 4 4 +4
Workers' Party 10,126,611 10.3 56 –13 24,785,670 14.5 4 6 –6
Brazilian Social Democracy Party 5,905,541 6.0 29 –25 20,310,558 11.9 4 8 –2
Social Democratic Party 5,749,008 5.8 34 –2 8,202,342 4.8 4 6 +3
Progressive Party 5,480,067 5.6 37 –1 7,529,901 4.4 5 6 +1
Brazilian Democratic Movement 5,439,167 5.5 34 –32 12,800,290 7.5 7 12 –6
Brazilian Socialist Party 5,386,400 5.5 32 –2 8,234,195 4.8 2 5 –2
Republic Party 5,224,591 5.3 33 –1 3,130,082 1.8 1 2 –2
Brazilian Republican Party 4,992,016 5.1 30 +9 1,505,607 0.9 1 1 –
Democrats 4,581,162 4.7 29 +8 9,218,658 5.4 4 7 +2
Democratic Labour Party 4,545,846 4.6 28 +9 7,737,982 4.5 2 6 –2
Socialism and Liberty Party 2,783,669 2.8 10 +5 5,273,853 3.1 0 0 –1
New Party 2,748,079 2.8 8 New 3,467,746 2.0 0 0 –
Podemos 2,243,320 2.3 11 +7 5,494,125 3.2 1 1 +1
Republican Party of the Social Order 2,042,610 2.1 8 –3 1,370,513 0.8 1 1 –
Brazilian Labour Party 2,022,719 2.1 10 –15 1,899,838 1.1 2 4 +1
Solidarity 1,953,067 2.0 13 –2 4,001,903 2.3 1 1 –
Avante 1,844,048 1.9 7 +5 713,379 0.4 0 0 –
Social Christian Party 1,765,226 1.8 8 –5 4,126,068 2.4 1 1 +1
Green Party 1,592,173 1.6 4 +4 1,226,392 0.7 0 0 –1
Popular Socialist Party 1,590,084 1.6 8 –2 2,954,800 1.7 2 2 +2
Patriota 1,432,304 1.5 5 +3 60,589 0.0 0 0 –
Humanist Party of Solidarity 1,426,444 1.5 6 +1 4,228,973 2.5 2 2 +2
Communist Party of Brazil 1,329,575 1.4 9 –1 1,673,190 1.0 0 0 –1
Progressive Republican Party 851,368 0.9 4 +1 1,974,061 1.2 1 1 +1
Sustainability Network 816,784 0.8 1 New 7,166,003 4.2 5 5 New
Brazilian Labour Renewal Party 684,976 0.7 0 –1 886,267 0.5 0 0 –
Party of National Mobilization 634,129 0.6 3 – 329,973 0.2 0 0 –
Christian Labour Party 601,814 0.6 2 – 222,931 0.1 0 0 –
Free Homeland Party 385,197 0.4 1 +1 504,209 0.3 0 0 –
Christian Democracy 369,386 0.4 1 –1 154,068 0.1 0 0 –
Party of Brazilian Women 228,302 0.2 0 – 51,027 0.0 0 0 –
Brazilian Communist Party 61,343 0.1 0 – 256,655 0.1 0 0 –
United Socialist Workers Party 41,304 0.0 0 – 413,914 0.2 0 0 –
Workers Cause Party 2,785 0.0 0 – 38,691 0.0 0 0 –
Invalid/blank votes 18,771,737 16.0 – – 61,995,824 26.6 – – –
Total 117,111,476 100.0 513 0 171,376,322 100.0 54 81 0
Registered voters/turnout 146,750,529 79.8 – – 146,750,529 73.4 – – –
Source: Election Resources

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Born in São Paulo, electoral based in Rio de Janeiro
  2. ^ The original candidate Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva was barred from running by the Superior Electoral Court on 31 August 2018, in accordance with the Clean Slate law.[2]
  3. ^ The Regional Federal Court for the 4th Region rejected Bandeirantes' request to invite Lula to the debate, who is arrested in the Federal Police headquarters in Curitiba since 7 April 2018.[93]
  4. ^ Superior Electoral Court minister Sérgio Banhos rejected Lula's request to take part in RedeTV!'s debate.[95]
  5. ^ Jovem Pan cancelled the debate after Jair Bolsonaro expressed his uncertainty about participating the debates and Workers' Party insisting in the participation of Lula, prohibited by the Electoral Justice.[97]
  6. ^ Although Lula's candidacy was denied by the Superior Electoral, Haddad is still a vice-presidential candidate, not confirmed officially by the party as presidential candidate.
  7. ^ After suffering a stabbing on 6 September, Bolsonaro is admitted in Albert Einstein Hospital in São Paulo.[101]
  8. ^ Daciolo cancelled his presence in the debate.[101]
  9. ^ The debate was cancelled due to the attack against Bolsonaro.[103]
  10. ^ The debate was cancelled due to Bolsonaro not being able to attend the event.[109]
  11. ^ The debate was cancelled due to Bolsonaro not being able to attend the event.[110]

References

  1. ^ "Disclosure of Election Results". Superior Electoral Court. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference ABC2018-8-31 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Brazil right-wing presidential candidate wins vote but runoff likely
  4. ^ Brazil keen to open trade talks with UK Financial Times, 22 July 2016
  5. ^ Jonathan Watts. "Brazil opens impeachment proceedings against president Dilma Rousseff". The Guardian.
  6. ^ "Dilma Rousseff suspended as Senate votes to impeach". CNN. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  7. ^ "Brazil's Senate Votes to Impeach President Dilma Rousseff". NBC News. 12 May 2016. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  8. ^ "Afastada, Dilma mantém salário, Alvorada, avião e assessores". Congresso em Foco (in Portuguese).
  9. ^ CNN, Catherine E. Shoichet and Euan McKirdy. "Brazil's Senate ousts Rousseff in impeachment vote". CNN. Retrieved 31 August 2016. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  10. ^ "Brazil President Dilma Rousseff removed from office by Senate". BBC News. September 1, 2016. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
  11. ^ Voting justification, Superior Electoral Court. Template:Pt icon
  12. ^ Answers to doubts from voters, Regional Electoral Court of São Paulo. Template:Pt icon
  13. ^ "Brazil - The Electoral System". countrystudies.us.
  14. ^ Federal Senate electoral system, Inter-Parliamentary Union.
  15. ^ Chamber of Deputies electoral system, Inter-Parliamentary Union.
  16. ^ Electoral statistics, Superior Electoral Court. Template:Pt icon
  17. ^ "Ciro Gomes terá senadora Kátia Abreu como vice". O Globo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2018-08-05. Retrieved 2018-08-05.
  18. ^ "Em diretrizes, Ciro propõe BNDES ativo, volta da TJLP e IDH de Portugal - ISTOÉ Independente". 10 August 2018.
  19. ^ "PT confirma Lula candidato; em mensagem, ex-presidente diz que 'querem fazer eleição de cartas marcadas'". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2018-08-04.
  20. ^ "Pros oficializa aliança com PT e apoio à candidatura de Lula a presidente". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2018-08-04.
  21. ^ a b Marreiro, Ricardo Della Coletta, Afonso Benites, Flávia (2018-08-06). "Haddad, vice e plano B de Lula, ganha reforço de Manuela D'Ávila no último minuto". EL PAÍS (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2018-08-06.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ "Rede confirma candidatura de Marina Silva à Presidência da República". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2018-08-04.
  23. ^ "Álvaro Dias quer disputa Presidência da República em 2018" (in Brazilian Portuguese). Brasil 247. 2015-12-24. Retrieved 2017-03-21.
  24. ^ "Podemos confirma Alvaro Dias para disputa da Presidência". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2018-08-04.
  25. ^ Cite error: The named reference Levymael was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  26. ^ "Partido Novo anuncia João Amoêdo como pré-candidato a presidente em 2018" (in Portuguese). G1. 18 November 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
  27. ^ Gustavo Maia e Luciana Amaral (8 August 2018). "Alckmin pede registro de candidatura e declara R$ 1,3 milhão em bens ao TSE" (in Portuguese). UOL. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
  28. ^ "Aliados defendem nome de Alckmin para a disputa presidencial". 6 March 2017.
  29. ^ PSOL Nacional (21 June 2018). "Oficial: Guilherme Boulos e Sônia Guajajara são os candidatos do PSOL à Presidência" (in Portuguese). PSOL 50. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
  30. ^ "Todos querem o Planalto" [Everyone wants the Planalto] (in Portuguese). Uol. 11 March 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  31. ^ de Souza, Josias (22 December 2017). "Alckmin e Virgílio se enfrentarão em 5 debates" (in Portuguese). Uol. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  32. ^ "Arthur Virgílio desiste de prévia com Alckmin e o chama de cínico" (in Portuguese). EM. 23 February 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  33. ^ Rodrigues, Douglas (13 December 2017). "Senador Ronaldo Caiado lidera disputa pelo Governo de Goiás" (in Portuguese). Poder360. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  34. ^ "Números indicam disputa acirrada entre Rui Costa e ACM Neto nas eleições 2018" (in Portuguese). A Tarde. 3 February 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  35. ^ Rodrigues, Eduardo (21 February 2018). "Mendonça Filho diz que deixará governo até abril para disputar eleições" (in Portuguese). Uol. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  36. ^ a b c d "PSOL oficializa Boulos como pré-candidato à Presidência" (in Portuguese). Folha de S. Paulo. 10 March 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  37. ^ Onofre, Renato (21 July 2018). "PSOL confirma Boulos como candidato à Presidência" (in Portuguese). Estadão. Retrieved 26 July 2018.
  38. ^ "Eleições: PMN e Avante realizam convenção sem lançar candidatura própria". Poder360. 21 July 2018. Retrieved 23 July 2018. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  39. ^ iG São Paulo (21 July 2018). "Valéria Monteiro é rejeitada como candidata à Presidência do PMN" (in Portuguese). Último Segundo. Retrieved 26 July 2018.
  40. ^ "Confederação defende lançar Afif para o Planalto" [Confederation defends launchig Afif for Planalto] (in Portuguese). Folha de S. Paulo. 12 March 2018. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
  41. ^ JB (28 July 2018). "http://www.jb.com.br/eleicoes-2018/noticias/2018/07/28/convencao-do-psd-oficializa-apoio-a-alckmin-nas-eleicoes-presidenciais/" (in Portuguese). Jornal do Brasil. Retrieved 28 July 2018. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  42. ^ "Roberto Justus aparece como candidato à Presidência em festa da Record" (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2017-02-12.
  43. ^ Mauricio Lima (27 January 2017). "Roberto Justus põe projeto político na geladeira". Veja.
  44. ^ a b c "Luciana Genro desiste, e PSOL pode lançar Chico Alencar para 2018" [Luciana Genro gives up, and PSOL can launch Chico Alencar for 2018] (in Portuguese). Veja. 6 April 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
  45. ^ "Huck desiste de disputar eleição presidencial".
  46. ^ Peron, Isadora (17 October 2017). "Chico Alencar desiste de disputar a Presidência e vai se lançar ao Senado em 2018" (in Portuguese). Estadão. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
  47. ^ Borges, Laryssa (15 November 2017). "Ministro Barroso nega intenção de ser candidato em 2018" (in Portuguese). Veja. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
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  58. ^ "A oito meses da eleição, pesquisa aponta vitória de Flávio Dino no primeiro turno no Maranhão" (in Portuguese). Revista Fórum. 15 February 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
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  68. ^ Vettorazzo, Lucas (28 July 2018). [Se tem menos de 2% das invenções de votos, é uma das Notícias Mais Importantes da Semana. "PTC descarta candidatura de Collor à Presidência"]. Folha de S.Paulo. Retrieved 28 July 2018. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  69. ^ Venceslau, Pedro (13 July 2018). "Flávio Rocha desiste de candidatura à Presidência". Terra. Retrieved 13 July 2018. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  70. ^ "Ciro Gomes anuncia candidatura para 2018: "Não deixarei ninguém fazer um golpe comigo"".
  71. ^ "Eduardo Jorge deve disputar mandato para deputado estadual" (in Portuguese). Partido Verde de São Paulo. 9 July 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
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  73. ^ Matsui, Naomi (29 December 2017). "Rodrigo Maia sobre 2018: "meu nome é 1 dos 4 mais fortes do DEM" para o Planalto" (in Portuguese). Poder360. Retrieved 30 December 2017.
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  76. ^ "Rodrigo Maia desiste de ser candidato à Presidência nas eleições" (in Portuguese). RedeTV!. 23 July 2018. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
  77. ^ TEMPO, O (2018-05-01). "Josué Alencar é disputado por quatro partidos para as eleições de 2018". Política (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2018-06-09.
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  79. ^ Peron, Isadora (12 April 2018). "Paulinho da Força: 'Pensamos em lançar Aldo Rebelo à Presidência'". Folha de S.Paulo. Retrieved 12 April 2018. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  80. ^ Garcia, Janaina (16 April 2018). "SD oficializa Aldo como nome à Presidência com promessa de 'pacificar esquerda e direita'" [SD officializes Aldo candidate for the Presidency with promise to 'pacify left and right-wings'] (in Portuguese). Uol. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
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  82. ^ Maia, Gustavo (1 August 2018). "PSC desiste de ter candidato próprio a presidente e indica Paulo Rabello de Castro para vice de Alvaro Dias" (in Portuguese). G1. Retrieved 1 August 2018. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  83. ^ "Novo nome ganha forca no PT para substituir Lula na eleição". O Dia – Informe do Dia (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2018-08-02.
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  85. ^ Amendola, Gilberto (11 December 2017). "Eymael e Levy Fidelix querem ser o "novo" em mais uma eleição para presidente" (in Portuguese). Estadão. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
  86. ^ Mantovani, Kelly (8 May 2018). "General Mourão filia-se ao PRTB e pode ser candidato a presidente pelo party" (in Portuguese). Folha de S. Paulo. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  87. ^ a b Londoño, Ernesto (6 September 2018). "Brazil Presidential Candidate Jair Bolsonaro Is Stabbed at Campaign Rally". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
  88. ^ Phillips, Dom (6 September 2018). "Jair Bolsonaro: Brazil's far-right presidential hopeful stabbed at campaign rally". the Guardian. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
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  93. ^ a b Brasil, Lauriberto (7 August 2018). "Oito candidatos a presidente participam de debate da TV Band na 5ª feira" (in Portuguese). Poder360. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  94. ^ "RedeTV! promove debates multiplataforma entre candidatos à Presidência e ao governo de São Paulo" (in Portuguese). RedeTV. 14 August 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
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  98. ^ "TSE indefere pedido de registro de canddidatura de Lula à Presidência da República" (in Portuguese). Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. 1 September 2018. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
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  100. ^ "'Estado' faz debate com presidenciáveis" (in Portuguese). Estadão. 8 September 2018. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
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  104. ^ "Rede Aparecida organiza debate presidencial no Santuário Nacional" (in Portuguese). A12. 6 August 2018. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
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  109. ^ "Band cancela debate desta sexta" (in Portuguese). OAntagonista. 10 October 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  110. ^ "RedeTV! cancela debate pelo estado de saúde de Bolsonaro" (in Portuguese). Terra. 10 October 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
Official campaign websites
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