Bun'ei

964–968	Kōhō
968–970	Anna
970–973	Tenroku
973–976	Ten'en
976–978	Jōgen
978–983	Tengen
983–985	Eikan
985–987	Kanna
987–988	Eien
988–990	Eiso
990–995	Shōryaku
995–999	Chōtoku
999–1004	Chōhō
1004–1012	Kankō
1012–1017	Chōwa
1017–1021	Kannin
1021–1024	Jian
1024–1028	Manju
1028–1037	Chōgen
1037–1040	Chōryaku

806–810	Daidō
810–824	Kōnin
824–834	Tenchō
834–848	Jōwa
848–851	Kashō
851–854	Ninju
854–857	Saikō
857–859	Ten'an
859–877	Jōgan
877–885	Gangyō
885–889	Ninna
889–898	Kanpyō
898–901	Shōtai
901–923	Engi
923–931	Enchō
931–938	Jōhei
938–947	Tengyō
947–957	Tenryaku
957–961	Tentoku
961–964	Ōwa

645–650	Taika
650–654	Hakuchi
686–686	Shuchō
701–704	Taihō
704–708	Keiun
708–715	Wadō
Nara
715–717	Reiki
717–724	Yōrō
724–729	Jinki
729–749	Tenpyō
749	Tenpyō-kanpō
749–757	Tenpyō-shōhō
757–765	Tenpyō-hōji
765–767	Tenpyō-jingo
767–770	Jingo-keiun
770–781	Hōki
781–782	Ten'ō
782–806	Enryaku

This article is about the Japanese era; for the Ryukyuan king, see Bunei (Ryukyu).

Bun'ei (文永) was a Japanese era name (年号,, nengō,, lit. "year name") after Kōchō and before Kenji. This period spanned the years from February 1264 to April 1275.^[1] The reigning emperor was Kameyama-tennō (亀山天皇).^[2]

Change of era

1264 Bun'ei gannen (文永元年); 1264: The new era name was created to mark an event or a number of events. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in Kōchō 4.

Events of the Bun'ei era

1274 (Bun'ei 11, 1st month): In the 15th year of Kameyama-tennō 's reign (亀山天皇15年), the emperor abdicated; and the succession (senso) was received by his cousin.^[3]
1274 (Bun'ei 11, 3rd month): Emperor Go-Uda is said to have acceded to the throne (sokui).^[4] The retired Emperor Kameyama continued to exercise power as cloistered emperor.
1274 (Bun'ei 11, 10th month): Hirohito-shinnō was named Crown Prince and heir to his first cousin, the Daikakuji-tō Emperor Go-Uda. This was the result of political maeuvering by Hirohito's father, the Jimyōin-tō Emperor Go-Fukakusa.^[5]

Japanese samurai defending the stone barrier -- from the narrative picture scroll *Mōko Shūrai Ekotoba*, which was painted between 1275 and 1293.

November 19, 1274 (Bun'ei 11, 20th day of the 10th month): Battle of Bun'ei -- Kublai Khan's Mongol forces land at Hakata Bay near Fukuoka in Kyūshū. After landing and some armed skirmishes, the invaders withdraw to spend the night on shipboard. That night, a storm sinks several ships, and the fleet retreats to Korea rather than pressing their initial advantage.^[6] In the course of the day's fighting, the Hakozaki Shrine was burned to the ground.^[7] Nihon Ōdai Ichiran explains that the invaders were defeated because they lacked arrows.^[8]

Notes

^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Bun'ei" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 90, p. 90, at Google Books; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File.
^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 253-261, p. 253, at Google Books; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. p. 232-233.
^ Titsingh, p. 261, p. 261, at Google Books; Varley, p. 44; a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami.
^ Titsingh, p. 262, p. 262, at Google Books; Varley, p. 44.
^ Titsingh, p. 262, 270., p. 262, at Google Books
^ Davis, Paul K. (2001). 100 Decisive Battles: From Ancient Times to the Present, p. 147.
^ Turnbull, Stephen R. (2003). Genghis Khan & the Mongol Conquests 1190–1400, p. 66.
^ Titsingh, p. 262, p. 262, at Google Books.

References

Davis, Paul K. (1999). 100 Decisive Battles: From Ancient Times to the Present. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10-ISBN 0-19-514366-3; 13-ISBN 978-0-19-514366-9; OCLC 0195143663
Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 10-ISBN 0-674-01753-6; 13-ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Odai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
Turnbull, Stephen R. (2003). Genghis Khan & the Mongol Conquests, 1190-1400. London: Routledge. 10-ISBN 0415968623/13-ISBN 9780415968621; 10-ISBN 0203489500/13-ISBN 9780203489505; OCLC 53948747
Varley, H. Paul. (1980). A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa. New York: Columbia University Press. 10-ISBN 0231049404/13-ISBN 9780231049405; OCLC 6042764

External links

National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Ben'ei	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	8th	9th	10th	11th	12th
Gregorian	1264	1265	1266	1267	1268	1269	1270	1271	1272	1273	1274	1275

Preceded by Kōchō	Era or nengō Bun'ei 1264–1275	Succeeded by Kenji

This article about a Japanese era name is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[1] Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Bun'ei" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 90, p. 90, at Google Books; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File.

[2] Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 253-261, p. 253, at Google Books; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. p. 232-233.

[3] Titsingh, p. 261, p. 261, at Google Books; Varley, p. 44; a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami.

[4] Titsingh, p. 262, p. 262, at Google Books; Varley, p. 44.

[5] Titsingh, p. 262, 270., p. 262, at Google Books

[6] Davis, Paul K. (2001). 100 Decisive Battles: From Ancient Times to the Present, p. 147.

[7] Turnbull, Stephen R. (2003). Genghis Khan & the Mongol Conquests 1190–1400, p. 66.

[8] Titsingh, p. 262, p. 262, at Google Books.

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Change of era

Events of the Bun'ei era

See also

Notes

References

External links