List of wars involving Mexico
This is a list of wars involving the United Mexican States .
Mexico has been involved in numerous different military conflicts over the years, with most being civil/internal wars.
Pre-hispanic Mexico
[edit]Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results |
---|---|---|---|
Spanish conquest of the Maya
(1511–1697) |
Late Postclassic Maya states | Spanish Empire | Defeat |
Spanish conquest of Tabasco
(1518–1564) |
Chontal Maya | Spanish empire | Defeat |
Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
(1519–1521) |
Aztec Empire | Spanish empire conquistadores | Defeat
|
Viceroyalty of New Spain
[edit]Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results |
---|---|---|---|
Spanish conquest of the Tarascan empire
(1522–1530) |
Spain | Purépecha Empire | Victory
|
Spanish conquest of Chiapas
(c. 1523 – c. 1695) |
Spain | Zoque people
Chiapaneca people Independent Maya, including:
|
Victory
|
Spanish conquest of Guatemala
(1524–1667) |
Spain | Independent indigenous kingdoms and city-states, including the: | Victory
|
Spanish conquest of El Salvador
(1524–1539) |
Spain | Indigenous peoples of El Salvador, including: | Victory |
Spanish conquest of Honduras
(1524– c. 1539) |
Spain | Indigenous peoples of Honduras, including: | Victory |
Expedition to Chesapeake Bay
(1526) |
Spain | Hostile Natives
African rebels Spanish mutineers |
Defeat
|
Conquest of Yucatán
(1527–1697) |
Spain | Mayan tribes | Victory
|
Narváez expedition
(1527–1536) |
Spain | Tocobaga | Inconclusive
|
Yaqui Wars
(1533–1929)
|
New Spain
Mexico (since 1821) United States (since 1896) |
Yaqui | Stalemate |
Expedition of Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
(1535–1554) |
New Spain | Pueblo | Stalemate
|
Grijalva expedition to the Equatorial Pacific
(1537–1542) |
Spain | Hostile Indigenous peoples
Spanish mutineers |
Inconclusive due to the loss of the ship in New Guinea. |
New Spain Exploration of North America
(1539–1543) |
New Spain
Indian auxiliaries
|
Northern Utina | Defeat |
Tiguex War
(1540–1541)
|
New Spain | Tiwa Indians | Victory |
Mixtón war
(1540–1542)
|
New Spain | Caxcanes | Victory |
Chichimeca war
(1550–1590)
|
New Spain
Indian auxiliaries (Tlaxcalteca, Caxcan, Otomí, Mexica, Purépecha) |
Chichimeca Confederation | Defeat |
Guamares Rebellion
(1563–1569) |
New Spain | Guamares | Victory |
Spanish assault on French Florida
(1565) |
Spanish Empire | Kingdom of France | Victory |
Spanish conquest of the Philippines
(1565–1575) |
Spanish Empire
|
Rajahnate of Maynila | Victory
|
Spanish expeditions to the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu
(1567–1606) |
Spanish Empire | Hostile inhabitants of Polynesia | Stalemate
|
Philippine revolts against Spain
(1567–1872)
|
Spain |
|
Victory
|
Blockade of Cebu
(1568) |
Spain | Portuguese Empire | Victory |
Eighty Years' War, Thirty Years' War
(1568-1648) |
Spanish Empire
Supported by: |
United Provinces
Kingdom of Portugal (1640–58) Principality of Catalonia (from 1640) Supported by: |
Defeat
|
Castilian War (1578) | Spanish Empire
Bruneians who defected to Spain |
Bruneian Empire
Supported by: |
Status quo ante bellum
|
1582 Cagayan battles
(1582) |
Spain
|
Wokou (Japanese, Chinese, and Korean pirates) | Victory |
Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
|
Spanish Empire
co-belligerent |
Kingdom of England
co-belligerent |
Indecisive, Status quo ante bellum
|
Acoma War
(1598–1599)
|
New Spain | Acoma Pueblo | Victory |
Spanish-Portuguese conflict on China (1598–1600) | Spanish Empire | Portuguese Empire | Defeat
|
Acaxee Rebellion
(1601–1607)
|
New Spain | Acaxee Indians | Victory |
Tepehuán Revolt
(1616–1620) |
New Spain | Tepehuánes | Victory |
Spanish conquest of Petén
(c. 1618 – c. 1697) |
New Spain | Independent Maya, including:
|
Victory
|
Sacalum Rebellion
(1624) |
New Spain | Maya rebel forces lidered by the Batab Ah Kin Pol | Victory |
Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659) | Spanish Empire
Modena and Reggio (1635–46) Holy Roman Empire (until 1648) English Royalists (from 1657) |
France
Dutch Republic (until 1648) Duchy of Modena (1647–1649 and 1655–1659) Duchy of Parma (1635–1637) Commonwealth of England (1654–59) Principality of Catalonia (from 1640) Kingdom of Portugal (1640–59) |
Defeat |
Apache Wars
(c. 1641–1924) |
New Spain
(until 1821) Mexico (1821–1915) United States (1850–1924) Confederate States (1861–1865) |
Apache | Spanish/Mexican victory |
Navajo Wars
(c. 1641–1864)
|
New Spain
(until 1821) Mexico (1821–1848) United States (1850–1866) |
Navajo | United States victory
|
Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660) | Spain | Commonwealth of England | Defeat |
Tehuantepec Rebellion
(1660–1661) |
New Spain | Zapotec peoples | Victory
|
Piracy attacks on Lake Nicaragua
(1665–1857) |
New Spain
Nicaragua |
West Indies Pirates | Stalemate
|
Chepo expedition
(1679–1681) |
New Spain | England Piracy | Defeat.
|
Pueblo Revolt
(1680)
|
New Spain | Puebloans | Defeat
|
War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1712) | Spain loyal to Philip
Bavaria (until 1704) Duchy of Mantua (until 1708) Cologne (until 1702) Liège (until 1702) Indian Allies: co-belligerent: |
Holy Roman Empire:
Great Britain (formed on 1707)[3]
Duchy of Savoy (after 1703) Kingdom of Portugal (from 1703) Indian Allies: co-belligerent: |
Political victory for Spain loyal to Philip
Military victory for Spain loyal to Charles
|
Comanche Wars
(1706–1875)
|
New Spain (until 1820)
Mexico (since 1821) Republic of Texas (since 1836) Choctaw Republic[4] United States (since 1845) |
Comanche
Other Indigenous nations |
Defeat |
Pablo Presbere's insurrection
(1709–1710)
|
New Spain | Talamanca | Victory |
Tzeltal Rebellion of 1712
(1712)
|
New Spain | Maya communities | Victory |
War of the Quadruple Alliance
(1718–1720) |
Spain | Great Britain | Defeat
Savoy and Austria swap Sicily for Habsburgs and Sardinia for Savoy. |
Aguayo expedition to Texas
(1720–1722) |
New Spain | New France | Victory
|
Pericúes Rebellion
(1734–1737) |
New Spain | Pericúes | Stalemate
|
Pima Revolt
(1751)
|
New Spain | Pima Indians | Victory |
Seven Years' War (1756–1763) | Spanish Empire
|
Great Britain | Defeat
|
Cisteil Rebellion
(1761) |
New Spain | Maya rebel forces lidered by Jacinto Canek | Victory
|
Louisiana Rebellion of 1768
(1768) |
New Spain | Louisiana Creole people | Victory |
American Revolutionary War
(1775–1783) |
United States
Dutch Republic Mysore |
Great Britain | Victory
|
Cherokee–American wars
[2nd phase post-revolution] (1783–1795)
|
Spanish Empire
Co-belligerent: |
United States | Spanish withdrawal due to Coalition Wars.
Defeat of Cherokees |
Nootka Crisis
(1789–1790) |
Spanish Empire | Great Britain
Nuu-chah-nulth people Russian Empire United States |
Defeat |
Haitian Revolution
(1791–1804) |
1791–1793
Spanish Empire (from 1793) 1793–1798 Spanish Empire (until 1795) 1798–1801 1802–1804 |
1791–1793
Kingdom of France (until 1792) 1793–1798 1798–1801 |
Defeat |
French Revolutionary Wars
(1792–1802) |
French Republic
Spanish Empire (since 1795)
|
Great Britain
Spanish Empire (until 1795)
Russia (until 1801) Sardinia (until 1796) Order of Saint John (1798) Malta (1798–1800) Ottoman Empire (since 1798) United States (Quasi-War) (until 1800) |
Inconclussive |
Napoleonic Wars
(1803–1815) |
|
French Empire (from 1804) French clients: |
Victory
|
Anglo-American war
(1812–1814) |
Kingdom of Spain (from 1813) |
United States
Indian allies |
Inconclusive
|
Gutiérrez–Magee Expedition (1812) | Viceroyalty of New Spain | Victory | |
Seminole Wars
(1817–18) |
Seminole
New Spain |
United States | Defeat
|
Totonicapán Uprising of 1820
(1820) |
New Spain | K'iche of Totonicapán | Victory |
Independent Mexico
[edit]- Key
- Mexican victory
- Mexican defeat
- Ceasefire or other result
- Ongoing conflict
Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results | Casualties | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mexican War of Independence (1810–1821) |
Mexico Mexican Insurgents European Volunteers Mexican Ex-Royalists Army of the Three Guarantees |
Spain Spanish Royalists Mexican Royalists |
Victory
|
+500,000 |
|
Long Expedition (1819) |
Mexico Army of the Three Guarantees |
Texan Filibusters | Victory
|
~5 (1821 expedition) | |
Texas–Indian Wars (1820–1875) |
Mexico Spain United States Texas Choctaw Republic[9] |
Comanche and various Native American tribes | Victory |
1,394 | |
Spanish Attempts to Reconquer Mexico (1821–1829) |
Mexican Empire (1821–1822) Mexico |
Spain | Victory
|
135 | |
Comanche–Mexico Wars (1821–1870) |
Mexican Empire (1821–1822) Mexico |
Comanche Kiowa |
Defeat
|
~6,000 | |
Apache–Mexico Wars (1821–1915) Part of the Mexican Indian Wars and the American Indian Wars |
Crown of Castile (1600s–1716)
Spain (1600s–1821) Mexican Empire (1821–1822) Confederate States (1861–1865) |
Apache | Victory
| ||
Yaqui Wars (1821–1929) Part of the Mexican Indian Wars |
Spain (1533–1821)
Mexican Empire (1821–1822) United States (1896–1918) |
Yaqui | Victory
| ||
Mexican Indian Wars (1821–1933) |
Crown of Castile (1519–1716) Tlaxcalans and other Native Indian allies of Spain (1519–1821) Spain (1716–1823) Mexico (1821–1933) Guatemala (1823–1933) Honduras (1823–1933) El Salvador (1823–1933) England (1638–1707) Republic of Texas (1836–1846) |
Various Native Mexicans |
Victory | ||
Mexico |
Imperialist victory | ||||
Mexico Guatemala |
El Salvador | Victory
El Salvador is annexed to Mexico | |||
Casa Mata Plan Revolution (1822–1823) |
Republicans United Kingdom Gran Colombia |
Imperialists Spain |
Republican Victory | ||
Rebellion of Oaxaca (1823) |
Mexican Provisional Government | Oaxaca | Provisional Government Victory | ||
Rebellion of Guadalajara (1823) |
Mexican Provisional Government | Jalisco | Provisional Government Victory
| ||
Rebellion of Puebla (1823) |
Mexican Provisional Government | Puebla | Provisional Government Victory | ||
Revolt of Querétaro (1823) |
Mexican Provisional Government | Querétaro | Provisional Government Victory | ||
Fredonian Rebellion (1826–1827) |
Mexico Comanche tribes (peace treaty) |
Texan Rebels Comanche tribes (initial plotting support) |
Victory
| ||
Conservative Coup (1829–1831) |
Conservatives | Liberals | Conservative Victory
| ||
Zacatecas Rebellion (1835) |
Centralists | Zacatecan Rebels | Centralist Victory
| ||
Texas Revolution (1835–1836) |
Mexico | Texas | Defeat
| ||
First Franco–Mexican War (1838–1839) also known as the Pastry War |
Mexico | France United Kingdom |
Defeat
| ||
Federalist Revolt (Tabasco) (1839–1840) |
Mexico Tabasco centralists |
Tabasco federalists Texas Republic of Yucatán |
Defeat | ||
Rebellion of the Republic of the Rio Grande (1840) |
Mexico | Republic of the Rio Grande | Victory
| ||
Texan Santa Fe Expedition (1841–1842) |
Mexico | Texas | Victory | ||
Occupation of Soconusco | Mexico | Guatemala | Victory
| ||
Invasion of Yucatán (1842) |
Mexico | Republic of Yucatán | Defeat | ||
Mexicans Invasions of 1842 (1842) |
Mexico | Texas | Defeat
| ||
Capture of Monterey (1842) |
Mexico | United States | Status quo ante bellum
| ||
Mier Expedition (1842–1843) |
Mexico | Texas | Victory
| ||
Texan raids on New Mexico (1843) | Mexico | Texas | Victory
| ||
Mexican–American War (1846–1848) |
Mexico | United States California Texas |
Defeat
| ||
Caste War of Yucatán (1847–1901) |
Mexico Yucatán Guatemala United Kingdom British Honduras |
Maya | Victory
| ||
Rousset's Expeditions (1853-1854) |
Mexico | Filibusters | Victory
| ||
Expedition of William Walker to Baja California and Sonora (1853-1854) |
Mexico | Republic of Sonora Republic of Baja California |
Victory
| ||
Revolution of Ayutla (1854–1855) |
Liberals | Conservatives | Liberal Victory
| ||
Reform War (1857–1861) |
Liberals |
Conservatives | Liberal Victory
| ||
Cortina Troubles (1859–1861) |
Mexico United States Confederate States |
Cortinista Militia | Victory
| ||
Second Franco–Mexican War (1861–1867) |
Mexico |
French Empire Mexican Empire Austrian Empire Belgium Spain United Kingdom Egypt Eyalet Polish Revolutionaries |
Victory
| ||
Victorio's War (1879–1881) |
United States Mexico |
Apache | Victory
| ||
Barrios' War of Reunification (1885) |
El Salvador Mexico Costa Rica Nicaragua |
Guatemala Honduras |
Victory
| ||
Garza Revolution (1891–1893) |
Mexico United States |
Garzistas | Victory
| ||
Mexican annexation of Clipperton Island (1897) |
Mexico | France | Victory
| ||
Second Totoposte War (1903) |
El Salvador Mexico Guatemalan Exiles |
Guatemala | Stalemate | ||
Third Totoposte War (1906) |
El Salvador Mexico Guatemalan Exiles |
Guatemala | Stalemate | ||
Acayucan Rebellion
(1906) |
Mexican Government | Liberal Party of Mexico |
Government Victory | ||
Mexican Revolution (1910–1920) |
Counter-Revolutionaries
United States (1910–1913) Germany (1913–1917) |
Revolutionaries
United States (1913–1918) United Kingdom (1916–1918) Germany (1917) |
Revolutionary Victory
| ||
Border War (1910–1919) |
Mexico Germany |
United States | Status quo ante bellum
| ||
Magonista Rebellion (1911) |
Mexico | Liberal Party of Mexico | Victory
| ||
Antichina Campaign
(1911–1934) |
Mexican Government | Asiatic migrants |
Stalemate
| ||
Delahuertista Rebellion
(1923–1924) |
Mexican Government | Delahuertistas |
Government Victory | ||
Cristero War (1926–1929) |
Mexican Government | Cristeros National League for the Defense of Religious Liberty Knights of Columbus |
Government Ceasefire
| ||
Escobar Rebellion (1929) |
Mexican Government | Escobar Rebels | Government Victory
| ||
Saturnino Cedillo Rebellion
(1938) |
Mexican Government
Supported by: |
Cedillistas
|
Government Victory
| ||
World War II (1942–1945) |
United States Soviet Union United Kingdom China France Poland Canada Australia New Zealand India South Africa Yugoslavia Greece Denmark Norway Netherlands Belgium Luxembourg Czechoslovakia Brazil Mexico Panama Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua Dominican Republic Cuba Chile Bolivia Colombia Ecuador Paraguay Peru Venezuela Uruguay Argentina |
Germany Japan Italy Hungary Romania Bulgaria Croatia Slovakia Finland Thailand Manchukuo Mengjiang |
Victory
| ||
Mexico–Guatemala Conflict (1958–1959) |
Mexico | Guatemala | Ceasefire
| ||
Dirty War (1968–1982) |
Mexico | Left-wing groups:
|
Victory
| ||
Zapatista Uprising (1994) |
Mexico | EZLN | Ceasefire
| ||
Mexican Drug War (2006–present) |
Mexico | Mexican Drug Cartels | Ongoing
|
See also
[edit]- Mexico in World War I
- List of ongoing armed conflicts
- Timeline of Mexican War of Independence
- Mexican War of Independence
Notes
[edit]- ^ 1805, 1809, 1813–1815
- ^ a b The term Austrian Empire came into use after Napoleon crowned himself Emperor of the French in 1804, by which Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor took the title Emperor of Austria (Kaiser von Österreich) in response. The Holy Roman Empire was dissolved in 1806, and consequently Emperor of Austria became Francis' primary title. For this reason, Austrian Empire is often used instead of Holy Roman Empire for brevity's sake when speaking of the Napoleonic Wars, even though the two entities are not synonymous.
- ^ Both Austria and Prussia briefly became allies of France and contributed forces to the French Invasion of Russia in 1812.
- ^ 1806–1807, 1813–1815
- ^ 1804–1807, 1812–1815
- ^ a b Russia became an ally of France following the Treaty of Tilsit in 1807. The alliance broke down in 1810, which led to the French invasion in 1812. During that time Russia waged war against Sweden (1808–1809) and the Ottoman Empire (1806–1812), and nominally against Britain (1807–1812).
- ^ 1808–1815
- ^ a b c Spain was an ally of France until a stealthy French invasion in 1808, then fought France in the Peninsular War.
- ^ 1804–1809, 1812–1815
- ^ Nominally, Sweden declared war against Great Britain after its defeat by Russia in the Finnish War (1808–1809).
- ^ 1800–1807, 1809–1815
- ^ a b c d e 1807–1812
- ^ a b The Ottoman Empire fought against Napoleon in the French Campaign in Egypt and Syria as part of the French Revolutionary Wars. During the Napoleonic era of 1803 to 1815, the Empire participated in two wars against the Allies: against Britain in the Anglo-Turkish War (1807–1809) and against Russia in the Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812). Russia was allied with Napoleon 1807–1810.
- ^ a b c 1813–1815
- ^ a b c d 1815
- ^ Hanover was in a personal union with Great Britain
- ^ 1809
- ^ The Kingdom of Hungary participated in the war with separate Hungarian regiments[5][6] in the Imperial and Royal Army, and also by a traditional army ("insurrectio").[7] The Hungarian Diet voted to join in war and agreed to pay one third of the war expenses.
- ^ 1806–1807, 1813–1814
- ^ a b Qajar dynasty fought against Russia from 1804 to 1813; the Russians were allied with Napoleon 1807–1812.
- ^ 1806–1815
- ^ Sicily remained in personal union with Naples until Naples became a French client-republic following the Battle of Campo Tenese in 1806.
- ^ 1814
- ^ From 1803 till 1806, when it became the Kingdom of Holland
- ^ 1808–1813
- ^ Sixteen of France's allies among the German states (including Bavaria and Württemberg) established the Confederation of the Rhine in July 1806 following the Battle of Austerlitz (December 1805). Following the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt (October 1806), various other German states that had previously fought alongside the anti-French allies, including Saxony and Westphalia, also allied with France and joined the Confederation. Saxony changed sides again in 1813 during the Battle of Leipzig, causing most other member-states to quickly follow suit and declare war on France.
- ^ These four states[which?] were the leading nations of the Confederation, but the Confederation was made up of a total of 43 principalities, kingdoms, and duchies.
- ^ a b Napoleon established the Duchy of Warsaw, ruled by the Kingdom of Saxony in 1807. Polish Legions had already been serving in the French armies beforehand.
- ^ The French Empire annexed the Kingdom of Etruria in 1807.
- ^ The French Empire annexed the Kingdom of Holland in 1810. Dutch troops fought against Napoleon during the Hundred Days in 1815.
- ^ Naples, briefly allied with Austria in 1814, allied with France again and fought against Austria during the Neapolitan War in 1815.
- ^ 1809–1813
- ^ Denmark–Norway remained neutral until the Battle of Copenhagen (1807). Denmark was compelled to cede Norway to Sweden by the Treaty of Kiel in 1814. Following a brief Swedish campaign against Norway, Norway entered a personal union with Sweden.
- ^ 1807–1814
- ^ 1804–1807, 1812–1813
- ^ 1803–1808
References
[edit]- ^ "MÉXICO EN LA CONQUISTA DE FILIPINAS". exploramex.com. Retrieved 2023-06-20.
- ^ Tampico, Vladimir Meza | El Sol de. "La batalla de Cagayán, tlaxcaltecas contra piratas y ¿samuráis?". El Sol de Tampico | Noticias Locales, Policiacas, sobre México, Tamaulipas y el Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-06-20.
- ^ The Acts of Union of 1707 united the crowns of England and Scotland, forming the Kingdom of Great Britain. For much of the war, Scottish units were under Dutch pay and operated as part of the army of the Dutch Republic.
- ^ From H.M.C. Brown to Peter P. Pitchlynn. Re: rumors of a band of Comanches and Apaches of hostile nature gathering. "Peter P. Pitchlynn Collection" Archived 17 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Western Histories Collection, University of Oklahoma Libraries
- ^ Arnold 1995, p. 36.
- ^ The Austrian Imperial-Royal Army (Kaiserliche-Königliche Heer) 1805–1809: The Hungarian Royal Army [1] Archived 22 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Fisher, Todd (2001). The Napoleonic Wars: The Empires Fight Back 1808–1812. Oshray Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-298-2. Archived from the original on 30 September 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
- ^ a b Leggiere 2014.
- ^ From H.M.C. Brown to Peter P. Pitchlynn. Re: rumors of a band of Comanches and Apaches of hostile nature gathering. "Peter P. Pitchlynn Collection", Western Histories Collection, University of Oklahoma Libraries
- ^ Botelho, Greg; Martinez, Michael (January 9, 2016). "'Mission accomplished': Mexican President says 'El Chapo' caught". CNN.
Works cited
[edit]- Arnold, James R. (1995). Napoleon Conquers Austria: The 1809 Campaign for Vienna. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-94694-4.
- Leggiere, Michael V. (2014). Blücher: Scourge of Napoleon. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-4567-9.