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List of wars involving Mexico

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(Redirected from Campaign of Mexico)

This is a list of wars involving the United Mexican States .

Mexico has been involved in numerous different military conflicts over the years, with most being civil/internal wars.

Pre-hispanic Mexico

[edit]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Spanish conquest of the Maya

(1511–1697)

Late Postclassic Maya states Spanish Empire Defeat
Spanish conquest of Tabasco

(1518–1564)

Chontal Maya Spain Spanish empire Defeat
Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire

(1519–1521)

 Aztec Empire Spain Spanish empire conquistadores

Indian auxiliaries

Defeat

Viceroyalty of New Spain

[edit]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Spanish conquest of the Tarascan empire

(1522–1530)

 Spain

Indian auxiliaries

Purépecha Empire Victory
Spanish conquest of Chiapas

(c. 1523 – c. 1695)

 Spain

Indian auxiliaries

Zoque people

Chiapaneca people Independent Maya, including:

Victory
Spanish conquest of Guatemala

(1524–1667)

 Spain

Indian auxiliaries

Independent indigenous kingdoms and city-states, including the: Victory
Spanish conquest of El Salvador

(1524–1539)

 Spain

Indian auxiliaries

Indigenous peoples of El Salvador, including: Victory
Spanish conquest of Honduras

(1524– c. 1539)

 Spain

Indian auxiliaries

Indigenous peoples of Honduras, including: Victory
Expedition to Chesapeake Bay

(1526)

 Spain Hostile Natives
African rebels
Spanish mutineers
Defeat
Conquest of Yucatán

(1527–1697)

 Spain

Indian auxiliaries (Tutul-Xiu)

Mayan tribes Victory
Narváez expedition

(1527–1536)

 Spain Tocobaga

Uzita

Apalachee

Timucua

Autes

Inconclusive
  • Spanish troops lost the route after a hurricane and return by land to Mexico.
Yaqui Wars

(1533–1929)

Spain New Spain
 Mexico (since 1821)
 United States (since 1896)
Yaqui Stalemate
Expedition of Francisco Vázquez de Coronado

(1535–1554)

Spain New Spain

Indian auxiliaries

Pueblo Stalemate
  • Spanish withdrawal
Grijalva expedition to the Equatorial Pacific

(1537–1542)

 Spain Hostile Indigenous peoples
Spanish mutineers
Inconclusive due to the loss of the ship in New Guinea.
New Spain Exploration of North America

(1539–1543)

Spain New Spain

Indian auxiliaries
Portugal Portuguese volunteers

Northern Utina

Coosa chiefdom

Tuskaloosa

Chickasaw

Defeat
Tiguex War

(1540–1541)

Spain New Spain Tiwa Indians Victory
Mixtón war

(1540–1542)

Spain New Spain Caxcanes Victory
Chichimeca war

(1550–1590)

Spain New Spain

Indian auxiliaries (Tlaxcalteca, Caxcan, Otomí, Mexica, Purépecha)

Chichimeca Confederation Defeat
Guamares Rebellion

(1563–1569)

Spain New Spain Guamares Victory
Spanish assault on French Florida

(1565)

Spain Spanish Empire  Kingdom of France

Huguenots

Victory
Spanish conquest of the Philippines

(1565–1575)

Spain Spanish Empire Rajahnate of Maynila

Macabebe

Rajahnate of Tondo

Rahjanate of Cebu

Victory
Spanish expeditions to the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu

(1567–1606)

Spain Spanish Empire Hostile inhabitants of Polynesia Stalemate
  • Failed colonization attempts due to disease and belligerence of the inhabitants, as well as war crimes by explorers that discouraged the enterprise.
Philippine revolts against Spain

(1567–1872)

 Spain
Victory
  • Most revolts failed
Blockade of Cebu

(1568)

 Spain Portugal Portuguese Empire Victory
Eighty Years' War, Thirty Years' War

(1568-1648)

Spain Spanish Empire

 Holy Roman Empire

Kingdom of Hungary

Kingdom of Croatia

Supported by:

 United Provinces

 England

 France

Nassau

Bohemia Bohemia

Electorate of the Palatinate

Transylvania

Denmark Denmark–Norway

 Venice

 Savoy

Duchy of Mantua

Duchy of Modena

 Duchy of Parma

Sweden Sweden

 Saxony

Brandenburg-Prussia

Kingdom of Portugal (1640–58)

Principality of Catalonia (from 1640)

Supported by:

Defeat
Castilian War (1578) Spanish Empire

Bruneians who defected to Spain

Bruneian Empire

Sultanate of Sulu

Maguindanao

Supported by:

 Ottoman Empire

Aceh Sultanate Sultanate of Aceh

Status quo ante bellum
  • Bruneian military victory to seize its independence from Spanish Empire. Becoming a city-state until today.
  • Spanish tactical Victory in ending Bruneian empire at sea and its influence on Philippines
1582 Cagayan battles

(1582)

Spain Spain Japan Wokou (Japanese, Chinese, and Korean pirates) Victory
Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) Spain Spanish Empire

Duchy of Parma

Grand Duchy of Tuscany

Duchy of Savoy

Duchy of Castro

Sovereign Military Order of Malta Order of Saint John

co-belligerent

 Kingdom of England

Kingdom of Ireland Ireland

co-belligerent

Indecisive, Status quo ante bellum
Acoma War

(1598–1599)

Spain New Spain Acoma Pueblo Victory
Spanish-Portuguese conflict on China (1598–1600) Spain Spanish Empire Portuguese Empire Defeat
  • End of Spain's attempts to circumvent the restrictions placed on them from reaching China.
  • Portuguese monopoly on the 16th century China trade seizured.
Acaxee Rebellion

(1601–1607)

Spain New Spain Acaxee Indians Victory
Tepehuán Revolt

(1616–1620)

Spain New Spain Tepehuánes Victory
Spanish conquest of Petén

(c. 1618 – c. 1697)

Spain New Spain Independent Maya, including: Victory
Sacalum Rebellion

(1624)

Spain New Spain Maya rebel forces lidered by the Batab Ah Kin Pol Victory
Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659) Spain Spanish Empire

Modena and Reggio (1635–46)

 Holy Roman Empire (until 1648)

English Royalists (from 1657)

 France

Dutch Republic (until 1648)

 Duchy of Savoy

Duchy of Modena (1647–1649 and 1655–1659)

 Duchy of Parma (1635–1637)

 Commonwealth of England (1654–59)

Principality of Catalonia (from 1640)

Kingdom of Portugal (1640–59)

Defeat
Apache Wars

(c. 1641–1924)

Spain New Spain

(until 1821)


 Mexico

(1821–1915)


 United States

(1850–1924)


 Confederate States (1861–1865)
Apache Spanish/Mexican victory
Navajo Wars

(c. 1641–1864)

Spain New Spain

(until 1821)


 Mexico

(1821–1848)


 United States

(1850–1866)

Navajo United States victory
Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660)  Spain  Commonwealth of England Defeat
Tehuantepec Rebellion

(1660–1661)

Spain New Spain Zapotec peoples Victory
  • A royal decree favorable to the Indians was published, in which their "repartimiento" was abolished, that is, forced labor was put to an end. Then the rebellions ends and their leaders are delivered to the Spanish justice.
Piracy attacks on Lake Nicaragua

(1665–1857)

Spain New Spain
 Nicaragua

 Costa Rica

 El Salvador

 Guatemala

West Indies Pirates

American Filibusters

Stalemate
  • Piracy and filibustering suppressed by 1857
Chepo expedition

(1679–1681)

Spain New Spain

Spain Peru

 England Piracy Defeat.
  • Looting and then burning the town of Chepo, Panama.
Pueblo Revolt

(1680)

Spain New Spain Puebloans Defeat
  • Expulsion of Spanish settlers
War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1712) Spain Spain loyal to Philip

 Kingdom of France

Bavaria Bavaria (until 1704)

Mantua Duchy of Mantua (until 1708)

Cologne (until 1702)

Liège (until 1702)

Indian Allies:

co-belligerent:

 Holy Roman Empire:

 Great Britain (formed on 1707)[3]

 Dutch Republic

 Duchy of Savoy (after 1703)

Portugal Kingdom of Portugal (from 1703)

Spain Spain loyal to Charles

Denmark Danish Auxiliary Corps

Indian Allies:

co-belligerent:

Political victory for Spain loyal to Philip

Military victory for Spain loyal to Charles

Comanche Wars

(1706–1875)

Spain New Spain (until 1820)
 Mexico (since 1821)
 Republic of Texas (since 1836)
Choctaw Republic[4]
 United States (since 1845)
Comanche

Other Indigenous nations

Defeat
Pablo Presbere's insurrection

(1709–1710)

Spain New Spain Talamanca

Teribe

Cabécare

Victory
Tzeltal Rebellion of 1712

(1712)

Spain New Spain Maya communities Victory
War of the Quadruple Alliance

(1718–1720)

 Spain

Jacobites

 Great Britain

 France

 Holy Roman Empire

 Dutch Republic

 Savoy

Defeat

Savoy and Austria swap Sicily for Habsburgs and Sardinia for Savoy.

Aguayo expedition to Texas

(1720–1722)

Spain New Spain New France Victory
  • French raids to New Spain stops
  • Beginning of Spanish ranching in Texas
Pericúes Rebellion

(1734–1737)

Spain New Spain Pericúes

Cochimí

Stalemate
Pima Revolt

(1751)

Spain New Spain Pima Indians Victory
Seven Years' War (1756–1763) Spain Spanish Empire

 France

 Great Britain

Portugal

Filipino rebels

Defeat
Cisteil Rebellion

(1761)

Spain New Spain Maya rebel forces lidered by Jacinto Canek Victory
  • Instigators are captured and punished
Louisiana Rebellion of 1768

(1768)

Spain New Spain Louisiana Creole people Victory
American Revolutionary War

(1775–1783)

 United States

Spain Spain

 France

Iroquois

Watauga Association

Catawba

Lenape

Choctaw


 Dutch Republic
 Mysore
 Great Britain

Iroquois

Cherokee German Auxiliaries

Victory
Cherokee–American wars

[2nd phase post-revolution] (1783–1795)

Spain Spanish Empire

Cherokee

Co-belligerent:

Northwestern Confederacy

 United States Spanish withdrawal due to Coalition Wars.

Defeat of Cherokees

Nootka Crisis

(1789–1790)

Spain Spanish Empire  Great Britain
Nuu-chah-nulth people
 Russian Empire
 United States
Defeat
Haitian Revolution

(1791–1804)

1791–1793

Ex-slaves

French royalists

Spain Spanish Empire (from 1793)

1793–1798

French royalists

 Great Britain

Spain Spanish Empire (until 1795)

1798–1801

France Louverture Loyalists

1802–1804

Ex-slaves

United Kingdom

1791–1793

Slave owners

France Kingdom of France (until 1792)

France French Republic

1793–1798

France French Republic

1798–1801

France Rigaud Loyalists

France French Republic

Defeat
French Revolutionary Wars

(1792–1802)

France French Republic

Spain Spanish Empire (since 1795)

 Batavian Republic

Polish Legions

Denmark Denmark–Norway

French client republics:

 Great Britain

 Portugal

Spain Spanish Empire (until 1795)
 Holy Roman Empire

 Russia (until 1801)

Sardinia (until 1796)

 Naples

Tuscany Grand Duchy of Tuscany

Sovereign Military Order of Malta Order of Saint John (1798)

Malta (1798–1800)

 Ottoman Empire (since 1798)

Kingdom of France French Royalists


 United States

(Quasi-War) (until 1800)

Inconclussive
Napoleonic Wars

(1803–1815)

First French Empire French Empire (from 1804)
Victory
Anglo-American war

(1812–1814)

 United Kingdom

Tecumseh's Confederacy

Spain Kingdom of Spain (from 1813)

 United States

Indian allies

Inconclusive
Gutiérrez–Magee Expedition (1812) Spain Viceroyalty of New Spain Victory
Seminole Wars

(1817–18)

Seminole
Spain New Spain
 United States Defeat
Totonicapán Uprising of 1820

(1820)

Spain New Spain K'iche of Totonicapán Victory


Independent Mexico

[edit]
Key
  Mexican victory
  Mexican defeat
  Ceasefire or other result
  Ongoing conflict
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Casualties
Mexican War of Independence
(1810–1821)
 Mexico
Mexico Mexican Insurgents
European Volunteers
Mexico Mexican Ex-Royalists
Army of the Three Guarantees
 Spain
Spain Spanish Royalists
Mexico Mexican Royalists
Victory

+500,000

Long Expedition
(1819)
Mexico Mexico
Army of the Three Guarantees
Texan Filibusters Victory
  • Rebels defeated and captured
  • James Long shot and killed in custody

~5 (1821 expedition)

Texas–Indian Wars
(1820–1875)
Mexico Mexico
 Spain
 United States
 Texas
Choctaw Republic[9]
Comanche and various Native American tribes Victory

1,394

Spanish Attempts to Reconquer Mexico
(1821–1829)
Mexico Mexican Empire (1821–1822)
 Mexico
 Spain Victory

135

Comanche–Mexico Wars
(1821–1870)
Mexico Mexican Empire (1821–1822)
 Mexico
Comanche
Kiowa
Defeat
  • Many successful raids by Comanche

~6,000

Apache–Mexico Wars
(1821–1915)
Part of the Mexican Indian Wars and the American Indian Wars
 Crown of Castile (1600s–1716)

 Spain (1600s–1821)


Mexico Mexican Empire (1821–1822)
 Mexico (after 1822)


 United States

 Confederate States (1861–1865)

Apache Victory
  • Apache gradually defeated in Mexico and the United States
Yaqui Wars
(1821–1929)
Part of the Mexican Indian Wars
 Spain (1533–1821)

Mexico Mexican Empire (1821–1822)
 Mexico (after 1822)


 United States (1896–1918)

Yaqui Victory
  • Yaqui revolts put down
Mexican Indian Wars
(1821–1933)
 Crown of Castile
(1519–1716)
Tlaxcalans and other Native Indian allies of Spain (1519–1821)
 Spain (1716–1823)
 Mexico
(1821–1933)
 Guatemala (1823–1933)
 Honduras (1823–1933)
 El Salvador (1823–1933)

 England (1638–1707)
 United Kingdom (1707–1862)
 British Honduras (1862–1933)


 Republic of Texas (1836–1846)
California Republic (1846)
 United States (1850–1933)
 Confederate States (1861–1865)

Various Native Mexicans

Victory

Rebellion of Felipe de la Garza

Mexico Mexico

MexicoRepublicans

Imperialist victory

Salvadoran-Mexican War

MexicoMexico
Mexico Guatemala
 El Salvador Victory

El Salvador is annexed to Mexico

Casa Mata Plan Revolution
(1822–1823)
Mexico Republicans
 United Kingdom
 Gran Colombia
Mexico Imperialists
 Spain
Republican Victory
Rebellion of Oaxaca
(1823)
Mexico Mexican Provisional Government Oaxaca Oaxaca Provisional Government Victory
Rebellion of Guadalajara
(1823)
Mexico Mexican Provisional Government Jalisco Jalisco Provisional Government Victory
  • Constitution of Colima as Territory of the Nation
Rebellion of Puebla
(1823)
Mexico Mexican Provisional Government Puebla Puebla Provisional Government Victory
Revolt of Querétaro
(1823)
Mexico Mexican Provisional Government Querétaro Querétaro Provisional Government Victory
Fredonian Rebellion
(1826–1827)
 Mexico
Comanche tribes (peace treaty)
Texan Rebels
Comanche tribes (initial plotting support)
Victory
  • Edwards Rebels defeated
  • Comanches convinced to back down and peace treaty established
  • Mexican amnesty for rebels except the Edwards brothers, Martin Parmer, and Adolphus Sterne
  • A larger Mexican garrison established in Nacogdoches
  • Law restricting immigration into Texas
  • The Edwards flee to the United States (returning later for the Texas Revolution)
Conservative Coup
(1829–1831)
Mexico Conservatives Mexico Liberals Conservative Victory
Zacatecas Rebellion
(1835)
Mexico Centralists Zacatecan Rebels Centralist Victory
Texas Revolution
(1835–1836)
 Mexico  Texas Defeat
First Franco–Mexican War
(1838–1839)
also known as the Pastry War
 Mexico  France
 United Kingdom
Defeat
  • Mexican government accepts to pay the 600,000 pesos
Federalist Revolt (Tabasco)
(1839–1840)
 Mexico
Tabasco Tabasco centralists
Tabasco Tabasco federalists
 Texas
 Republic of Yucatán
Defeat
Rebellion of the Republic of the Rio Grande
(1840)
 Mexico Republic of the Rio Grande Victory
  • Dissolution of the Republic of Rio Grande
Texan Santa Fe Expedition
(1841–1842)
 Mexico  Texas Victory
Occupation of Soconusco  Mexico Guatemala Victory
  • The Soconusco is annexed to Mexico
Invasion of Yucatán
(1842)
 Mexico  Republic of Yucatán Defeat
Mexicans Invasions of 1842
(1842)
 Mexico  Texas Defeat
Capture of Monterey
(1842)
 Mexico United States Status quo ante bellum
  • Americans leave the city after hearing war did not break out
Mier Expedition
(1842–1843)
 Mexico  Texas Victory
  • Texan soldiers were forced to surrender
Texan raids on New Mexico (1843)  Mexico  Texas Victory
Mexican–American War
(1846–1848)
 Mexico  United States
California California
 Texas
Defeat
Caste War of Yucatán
(1847–1901)
 Mexico
Yucatán
Guatemala
 United Kingdom
 British Honduras
Maya Victory
  • Republic of Yucatán rejoins the United Mexican States in 1848
  • Mayas achieve an independent state from 1847 to 1883
  • Mexico recaptures Yucatán
  • Conflict between the Mexicans and the Mayans continued until 1933
Rousset's Expeditions
(1853-1854)
 Mexico Filibusters Victory
  • Gaston Raousset is captured and sentenced to death
Expedition of William Walker to Baja California and Sonora
(1853-1854)
 Mexico Republic of Sonora
Republic of Baja California
Victory
  • William Walker trial in San Diego
Revolution of Ayutla
(1854–1855)
Mexico Liberals Mexico Conservatives Liberal Victory
Reform War
(1857–1861)
Mexico Liberals
Mexico Conservatives Liberal Victory
Cortina Troubles
(1859–1861)
 Mexico
 United States
 Confederate States
Mexico Cortinista Militia Victory
  • Raids ended
Second Franco–Mexican War
(1861–1867)
 Mexico
France French Empire
Mexico Mexican Empire
 Austrian Empire
 Belgium
 Spain
 United Kingdom
Egypt Eyalet
Polish Revolutionaries
Victory
Victorio's War
(1879–1881)
 United States
 Mexico
Apache Victory
  • Apache defeated
Barrios' War of Reunification
(1885)
 El Salvador
 Mexico
 Costa Rica
 Nicaragua
 Guatemala
 Honduras
Victory
Garza Revolution
(1891–1893)
 Mexico
 United States
Garzistas Victory
  • Garza Revolution defeated
Mexican annexation of Clipperton Island
(1897)
 Mexico  France Victory
  • Mexican annexation, colony established
Second Totoposte War
(1903)
 El Salvador
 Mexico
Guatemala Guatemalan Exiles
 Guatemala Stalemate
Third Totoposte War
(1906)
 El Salvador
 Mexico
Guatemala Guatemalan Exiles
 Guatemala Stalemate
Acayucan Rebellion

(1906)

Mexico Mexican Government Liberal Party of Mexico

Government Victory

Mexican Revolution
(1910–1920)
Mexico Counter-Revolutionaries

 Mexico

 United States (1910–1913)


 Germany (1913–1917)


Mexico Revolutionaries

 United States (1913–1918)


 United Kingdom (1916–1918)


 Germany (1917)


Revolutionary Victory
Border War
(1910–1919)
 Mexico
 Germany
 United States Status quo ante bellum
  • Seditionist insurgency suppressed
  • Permanent border wall established
  • American troops fail to capture Pancho Villa and withdraw from Chihuahua
Magonista Rebellion
(1911)
 Mexico Liberal Party of Mexico Victory
  • Failure of the libertarian insurrection
Antichina Campaign

(1911–1934)

Mexico Mexican Government ChinaJapan Asiatic migrants

Stalemate

  • Antichina Campaigns ends in 1934 by change of government, but the Asiatic population was effectively reduced.
Delahuertista Rebellion

(1923–1924)

Mexico Mexican Government Mexico Delahuertistas

Government Victory

Cristero War
(1926–1929)
Mexico Mexican Government Cristeros
National League for the Defense of Religious Liberty
Knights of Columbus
Government Ceasefire
Escobar Rebellion
(1929)
Mexico Mexican Government Escobar Rebels Government Victory
  • Escobar rebels defeated
Saturnino Cedillo Rebellion

(1938)

Mexico Mexican Government

Supported by:

Cedillistas

Government Victory

World War II
(1942–1945)
 United States
 Soviet Union
 United Kingdom
 China
 France
 Poland
 Canada
 Australia
 New Zealand
 India
 South Africa
 Yugoslavia
 Greece
 Denmark
 Norway
 Netherlands
 Belgium
 Luxembourg
 Czechoslovakia
 Brazil
 Mexico
 Panama
 Costa Rica
 El Salvador
 Guatemala
 Honduras
 Nicaragua
 Dominican Republic
 Cuba
 Chile
 Bolivia
 Colombia
 Ecuador
 Paraguay
 Peru
 Venezuela
 Uruguay
 Argentina
 Germany
 Japan
 Italy
 Hungary
 Romania
 Bulgaria
 Croatia
 Slovakia
 Finland
 Thailand
 Manchukuo
 Mengjiang
Victory
Mexico–Guatemala Conflict
(1958–1959)
 Mexico  Guatemala Ceasefire
  • Mexican retaliation halted by newly elected president Adolfo López Mateos
  • Diplomatic relations between the two nations are frozen for several months
  • South American mediation helps to prevent escalation
Dirty War
(1968–1982)
 Mexico Left-wing groups: Victory
Zapatista Uprising
(1994)
 Mexico EZLN Ceasefire
Mexican Drug War
(2006–present)
 Mexico Mexican Drug Cartels Ongoing

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ 1805, 1809, 1813–1815
  2. ^ a b The term Austrian Empire came into use after Napoleon crowned himself Emperor of the French in 1804, by which Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor took the title Emperor of Austria (Kaiser von Österreich) in response. The Holy Roman Empire was dissolved in 1806, and consequently Emperor of Austria became Francis' primary title. For this reason, Austrian Empire is often used instead of Holy Roman Empire for brevity's sake when speaking of the Napoleonic Wars, even though the two entities are not synonymous.
  3. ^ Both Austria and Prussia briefly became allies of France and contributed forces to the French Invasion of Russia in 1812.
  4. ^ 1806–1807, 1813–1815
  5. ^ 1804–1807, 1812–1815
  6. ^ a b Russia became an ally of France following the Treaty of Tilsit in 1807. The alliance broke down in 1810, which led to the French invasion in 1812. During that time Russia waged war against Sweden (1808–1809) and the Ottoman Empire (1806–1812), and nominally against Britain (1807–1812).
  7. ^ 1808–1815
  8. ^ a b c Spain was an ally of France until a stealthy French invasion in 1808, then fought France in the Peninsular War.
  9. ^ 1804–1809, 1812–1815
  10. ^ Nominally, Sweden declared war against Great Britain after its defeat by Russia in the Finnish War (1808–1809).
  11. ^ 1800–1807, 1809–1815
  12. ^ a b c d e 1807–1812
  13. ^ a b The Ottoman Empire fought against Napoleon in the French Campaign in Egypt and Syria as part of the French Revolutionary Wars. During the Napoleonic era of 1803 to 1815, the Empire participated in two wars against the Allies: against Britain in the Anglo-Turkish War (1807–1809) and against Russia in the Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812). Russia was allied with Napoleon 1807–1810.
  14. ^ a b c 1813–1815
  15. ^ a b c d 1815
  16. ^ Hanover was in a personal union with Great Britain
  17. ^ 1809
  18. ^ The Kingdom of Hungary participated in the war with separate Hungarian regiments[5][6] in the Imperial and Royal Army, and also by a traditional army ("insurrectio").[7] The Hungarian Diet voted to join in war and agreed to pay one third of the war expenses.
  19. ^ 1806–1807, 1813–1814
  20. ^ a b Qajar dynasty fought against Russia from 1804 to 1813; the Russians were allied with Napoleon 1807–1812.
  21. ^ 1806–1815
  22. ^ Sicily remained in personal union with Naples until Naples became a French client-republic following the Battle of Campo Tenese in 1806.
  23. ^ 1814
  24. ^ From 1803 till 1806, when it became the Kingdom of Holland
  25. ^ 1808–1813
  26. ^ Sixteen of France's allies among the German states (including Bavaria and Württemberg) established the Confederation of the Rhine in July 1806 following the Battle of Austerlitz (December 1805). Following the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt (October 1806), various other German states that had previously fought alongside the anti-French allies, including Saxony and Westphalia, also allied with France and joined the Confederation. Saxony changed sides again in 1813 during the Battle of Leipzig, causing most other member-states to quickly follow suit and declare war on France.
  27. ^ These four states[which?] were the leading nations of the Confederation, but the Confederation was made up of a total of 43 principalities, kingdoms, and duchies.
  28. ^ a b Napoleon established the Duchy of Warsaw, ruled by the Kingdom of Saxony in 1807. Polish Legions had already been serving in the French armies beforehand.
  29. ^ The French Empire annexed the Kingdom of Etruria in 1807.
  30. ^ The French Empire annexed the Kingdom of Holland in 1810. Dutch troops fought against Napoleon during the Hundred Days in 1815.
  31. ^ Naples, briefly allied with Austria in 1814, allied with France again and fought against Austria during the Neapolitan War in 1815.
  32. ^ 1809–1813
  33. ^ Denmark–Norway remained neutral until the Battle of Copenhagen (1807). Denmark was compelled to cede Norway to Sweden by the Treaty of Kiel in 1814. Following a brief Swedish campaign against Norway, Norway entered a personal union with Sweden.
  34. ^ 1807–1814
  35. ^ 1804–1807, 1812–1813
  36. ^ 1803–1808

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "MÉXICO EN LA CONQUISTA DE FILIPINAS". exploramex.com. Retrieved 2023-06-20.
  2. ^ Tampico, Vladimir Meza | El Sol de. "La batalla de Cagayán, tlaxcaltecas contra piratas y ¿samuráis?". El Sol de Tampico | Noticias Locales, Policiacas, sobre México, Tamaulipas y el Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-06-20.
  3. ^ The Acts of Union of 1707 united the crowns of England and Scotland, forming the Kingdom of Great Britain. For much of the war, Scottish units were under Dutch pay and operated as part of the army of the Dutch Republic.
  4. ^ From H.M.C. Brown to Peter P. Pitchlynn. Re: rumors of a band of Comanches and Apaches of hostile nature gathering. "Peter P. Pitchlynn Collection" Archived 17 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Western Histories Collection, University of Oklahoma Libraries
  5. ^ Arnold 1995, p. 36.
  6. ^ The Austrian Imperial-Royal Army (Kaiserliche-Königliche Heer) 1805–1809: The Hungarian Royal Army [1] Archived 22 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ Fisher, Todd (2001). The Napoleonic Wars: The Empires Fight Back 1808–1812. Oshray Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-298-2. Archived from the original on 30 September 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
  8. ^ a b Leggiere 2014.
  9. ^ From H.M.C. Brown to Peter P. Pitchlynn. Re: rumors of a band of Comanches and Apaches of hostile nature gathering. "Peter P. Pitchlynn Collection", Western Histories Collection, University of Oklahoma Libraries
  10. ^ Botelho, Greg; Martinez, Michael (January 9, 2016). "'Mission accomplished': Mexican President says 'El Chapo' caught". CNN.

Works cited

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