List of wars involving the United States

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This is a list of wars and rebellions involving the United States of America.[1] Currently, there are 102 wars on this list, 3 of which are ongoing.

  USA defeat/Ally defeat
  USA victory
  Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive)
  Ongoing conflict

18th-century wars[edit]

Conflict Allies Belligerent Result for the United States and its Allies Presidents of the United States
American Revolutionary War
(1775–1783 A.D.)

Location: Eastern North America, Southern North America, Gibraltar, India, Caribbean Sea, and the Atlantic
The Battle of Long Island, August 27, 1776
 United States
Kingdom of France France

Spain Spanish Empire

Iroquois

Watauga Association
Catawba
Lenape
Choctaw


 Dutch Republic


 Mysore

 Great Britain
Loyalists
Holy Roman Empire German Auxiliaries

Iroquois

Cherokee

US-allied victory President of the Continental Congress in American Revolutionary War:
Cherokee–American wars
(1776–1795)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Old Southwest
Abduction of Daniel Boone's daughter by the Cherokee
 United States
Choctaw
Cherokee US-allied victory President of the Continental Congress in Cherokee –American wars:

Presidents of the United States:

Northwest Indian War
(1785–1793)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Northwest Territory
 United States
Chickasaw
Choctaw
Western Confederacy Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain US-allied victory George Washington
Quasi-War
(1798–1800)

Location: Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean, the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean
 United States

Co-belligerent:
 Great Britain

France France Convention of 1800
  • Peaceful cessation of Franco-American alliance
  • End of French privateer attacks on American shipping
  • American neutrality and renunciation of claims by France
John Adams

19th-century wars[edit]

Conflict Allies Belligerent Result for the United States and its Allies Presidents of the United States
First Barbary War
(1801–1805)

Part of the Barbary Wars

Location: Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Tripoli
Lieutenant Presley O'Bannon at Derna, April 1805
 United States[2]
 Sweden[2]
Sicily[2]
 Malta[2]
 Portugal[2]
Morocco[2]
border=no Tripolitania[3]
Morocco Morocco[3]
US-allied victory Thomas Jefferson
Tecumseh's War
(1810–1813)

Part of the American Indian Wars and the War of 1812

Location: Northwest River Ohio
 United States Tecumseh's Confederacy
US victory James Madison
War of 1812
(1812–1815)

Location: Eastern and Central North America
General Andrew Jackson stands on the parapet of his makeshift defenses as his troops repulse attacking Highlanders, by painter Edward Percy Moran in 1910.
 United States
Choctaw Nation
Cherokee Nation
Creek Allies
 United Kingdom

Tecumseh's Confederacy

Spain Spain (1814)
Inconclusive/Other Result
Creek War
(1813–1814)

Part of the American Indian Wars and the War of 1812

Location: Southern United States
 United States
Lower Creeks
Cherokee Nation
Choctaw Nation
Red Stick Creek US-allied victory
Second Barbary War
(1815)

Part of the Barbary Wars

Location: Mediterranean Sea and the Barbary States
Decatur's squadron off Algiers
 United States Flag of Ottoman Algiers.svg Deylik of Algiers
US victory
First Seminole War
(1817–1818)

Part of the Seminole Wars and the American Indian Wars

Location: Pensacola, Spanish Florida
Barracks and tents at Fort Brooke near Tampa Bay
 United States Seminole

Spain Spanish Florida

US victory James Monroe
Arikara War
(1823)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Missouri River
An Arikara warrior
 United States

Sioux

Arikara Inconclusive/Other Result
  • White Peace treaty agreed by US Col Leavenworth[4]
Winnebago War
(1827)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Illinois and Michigan Territory
 United States
Choctaw Nation
Prairie La Crosse Ho-Chunks
with a few allies
US-allied victory
  • Ho-Chunks cede lead mining region to the United States
John Quincy Adams
Black Hawk War
(1832)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Illinois and Michigan Territory
Native women and children fleeing the Battle of Bad Axe
 United States
Ho-Chunk
Menominee
Dakota
Potawatomi
Black Hawk's British Band
Ho-Chunk and Potawatomi allies
US-allied victory Andrew Jackson
Texas Revolution
(1835–1836)

Location: Texas
Fall of the Alamo
 Republic of Texas

 United States

  • Out of the Texan soldiers serving from January through March 1836, 78% had arrived from the United States after October 2, 1835.[Note 1][5]
Mexican Republic Texan victory
  • The Republic of Texas gains its independence.
  • Texas is annexed into the United States in 1845.
Martin Van Buren
Second Seminole War
(1835–1842)

Part of the Seminole Wars and the American Indian Wars

Location: Florida, United States
U.S. Marines search for Seminoles in the Everglades
 United States Seminole US victory Martin Van Buren (March 4, 1837 – March 4, 1841)

William Henry Harrison(March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841)

John Tyler (April 4, 1841 –March 4, 1845)

Aroostook War
(1838–1839)
Location: MaineNew Brunswick border
Map showing the boundary claims and final border
 United States  United Kingdom
British America
Inconclusive/Other Result Martin Van Buren
Mexican–American War
(1846–1848)

Location: Texas, New Mexico, California and Mexico
2nd Dragoons charge the enemy at the Battle of Resaca de la Palma, 1846
 United States
California Republic
 Mexico US-allied victory James K. Polk
Cayuse War
(1847–1855)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Oregon
The Whitman Massacre.
 United States Cayuse US victory
  • Cayuse reduced in numbers and forced to cede most of their lands
James K. Polk (March 4, 1845 – March 4, 1849)

Zachary Taylor (March 4, 1849 – July 9, 1850)

Millard Fillmore (July 9, 1850 – March 4, 1853)

Franklin Pierce (March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857)

Apache Wars
(1849–1924)

Part of the Texas–Indian wars and the American Indian Wars

Location: Southwestern United States
U.S. Cavalry dash for cover while fighting Apaches, by F. Remington
 United States Apache
Ute
Yavapai
US victory James K. Polk (March 4, 1845 – March 4, 1849)

Zachary Taylor (March 4, 1849 – July 9, 1850)

Millard Fillmore (July 9, 1850 – March 4, 1853)

Franklin Pierce (March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857)

James Buchanan (March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861)

Abraham Lincoln (March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865)

Andrew Johnson (April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869)

Ulysses S. Grant (March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1877)

Rutherford B. Hayes (March 4, 1877 – March 4, 1881)

James A. Garfield (March 4, 1881 – September 19, 1881)

Chester A. Arthur (September 19, 1881 – March 4, 1885)

Grover Cleveland (March 4, 1885 – March 4, 1889)

Benjamin Harrison (March 4, 1889 – March 4, 1893)

Grover Cleveland (March 4, 1893 – March 4, 1897)

William McKinley (March 4, 1897 – September 14, 1901)

Theodore Roosevelt (September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909)

William Howard Taft (March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913)

Woodrow Wilson (March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921)

Warren G. Harding (March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923)

Calvin Coolidge (August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1929)

Bleeding Kansas
(1854–1861)

Location: Kansas and Missouri

Anti-slavery settlers
(Free-Staters)
Pro-slavery settlers (Border Ruffians) Free-Stater victory.
  • Kansas admitted as a free state on January 29, 1861.
Franklin Pierce (March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857)

James Buchanan (March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861)

Puget Sound War
(1855–1856)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Washington
 United States
Snoqualmie
Nisqually
Muckleshoot
Puyallup
Klickitat
Haida
Tlingit
US victory Franklin Pierce
Rogue River Wars
(1855–1856)

Location: Rogue Valley
 United States Rogue River people US victory
  • Indians relocated to Siletz, Grand Ronde and Coast Reservations
Third Seminole War
(1855–1858)

Part of the Seminole Wars and the American Indian Wars

Location: Pensacola, Florida
 United States Seminole US victory
  • By late 1850s, most Seminoles forced to leave their land; a few hundred remain deep in the Everglades on land unwanted by white settlers
Franklin Pierce (March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857)

James Buchanan (March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861)

Yakima War
(1855–1858)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Washington Territory
Seattleites evacuate to the town blockhouse as USS Decatur opens fire on advancing tribal forces.
 United States
Snoqualmie
Yakama
Walla Walla tribe
Umatilla tribe
Nez Perce tribe
Cayuse tribe
US victory Franklin Pierce (March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857)

James Buchanan (March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861)

Second Opium War
(1856–1859)

Part of the Opium Wars

Location: China
Palikao's bridge, on the evening of the battle, by Émile Bayard
United Kingdom British Empire
France French Empire
 United States
 China US victory Franklin Pierce (March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857)

James Buchanan (March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861)

Utah War
(1857–1858)

Part of the Mormon wars

Location: Utah Territory and Wyoming
 United States Deseret/Utah Mormons (Nauvoo Legion) Inconclusive/Other Result
  • Resolution through negotiation
  • Brigham Young replaced as governor of the territory
  • Full amnesty for charges of sedition and treason issued to the citizens of Utah Territory by President James Buchanan on the condition that they accept American Federal authority
Franklin Pierce (March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857)

James Buchanan (March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861)

Navajo Wars
(1858–1866)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: New Mexico
 United States Navajo Nation US victory Franklin Pierce (March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857)

James Buchanan (March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861)

Abraham Lincoln (March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865)

Pig War
(1859)
Location: San Juan Islands
Proposed boundaries:
  Through Haro Strait, favored by the US
  Through Rosario Strait, favored by Britain
  Through San Juan Channel, compromise proposal
The lines are as shown on maps of the time. The modern boundary follows straight line segments and roughly follows the blue line. The modern eastern boundary of San Juan County roughly follows the red line.
 United States  United Kingdom Inconclusive James Buchanan
John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry
(1859)

Part of pre-Civil War conflicts

Location: West Virginia
Harper's Weekly illustration of U.S. Marines attacking John Brown's "Fort" Teresa Baine
 United States Abolitionist Insurgents US victory James Buchanan
First and Second Cortina War
(1859–1861)

Location: Texas and Mexico
United States United States

Confederate States of America Confederate States


 Mexico

Mexico Cortinista bandits US-allied victory James Buchanan
Paiute War
(1860)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Pyramid Lake, Nevada
 United States Paiute
Shoshone
Bannock
US victory James Buchanan
American Civil War
(1861–1865)

Location: Southern United States, Indian Territory, Northeastern United States, Western United States, Atlantic Ocean
The Battle of Antietam, by Kurz & Allison.
 United States
Indian Home Guard
Seminole Nation (Western) (most)[6]
Muskogee Nation (part)[7]
 Confederate States
Cherokee Nation
Choctaw Nation
Catawba
Chickasaw Nation (part)
Muskogee Nation (part)
Seminole Nation (Florida)
Seminole Nation (Western) (part)
Comanche Nation (part)
US victory

Abraham Lincoln

Yavapai Wars
(1861–1875)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Arizona
Rescue of Lt. Charles King.jpg
Rescue of Lt. Charles King
 United States Yavapai
Apache
Yuma
Mohave
US victory

Abraham Lincoln (March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865)

Andrew Johnson (April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869)

Ulysses S. Grant (March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1877)

Dakota War of 1862
(1862)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Minnesota and Dakota
The Siege of New Ulm, Minnesota on August 19, 1862
 United States Dakota Sioux US victory Abraham Lincoln
Colorado War
(1863–1865)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska
 United States Cheyenne
Arapaho
Sioux
Inconclusive/Other Result
Snake War
(1864–1868)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Locations: Oregon, Nevada, California, and Idaho
 United States Paiute
Bannock
Shoshone
US victory Abraham Lincoln (March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865)

Andrew Johnson (April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869)

Powder River War
(1865)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Powder River State
 United States Sioux
Cheyenne
Arapaho
Inconclusive

Andrew Johnson

Red Cloud's War
(1866–1868)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Powder River State
The Fetterman Massacre
 United States
Crow Nation
Lakota
Cheyenne
Arapaho
Lakota-allied victory
Comanche Campaign
(1867–1875)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Western United States
Battle of Beecher Island. One soldier and three horses have fallen, while others continue to wage the battle.
 United States Cheyenne
Arapaho
Comanche
Kiowa
US victory Andrew Johnson (April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869)

Ulysses S. Grant (March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1877)

United States expedition to Korea

(1871)

Location: Ganghwa Island
The captured Sujagi aboard USS Colorado in June 1871
 United States  Joseon dynasty Inconclusive/Other Result

American military victory

American diplomatic failure

Ulysses S. Grant
Modoc War
(1872–1873)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: California and Oregon
Engraving of soldiers recovering the bodies of the slain May 3, 1873.
 United States Modoc US victory
Red River War
(1874–1875)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Texas
 United States Cheyenne
Arapaho
Comanche
Kiowa
US victory
  • End to the Texas-Indian Wars
Las Cuevas War
(1875)

Location: Texas and Mexico
Texan soldiers.
 United States Mexican bandits US victory
  • Cattle returned to Texas
Great Sioux War of 1876
(1876–1877)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Montana, Dakota and Wyoming
Custer's last stand at Little Bighorn.
 United States Lakota
Dakota Sioux
Northern Cheyenne
Arapaho
US victory
  • Legal control of Powder River Country ceded to the United States
Buffalo Hunters' War
(1876–1877)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Texas and Oklahoma
 United States Comanche
Apache
US victory
Nez Perce War
(1877)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana
Chief Joseph's band in the Battle of Bear Paw Mountain
 United States Nez Perce
Palouse
US victory Rutherford B. Hayes
Bannock War
(1878)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Idaho, Oregon, and Wyoming
 United States Bannock
Shoshone
Paiute
US victory
Cheyenne War
(1878–1879)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota and Montana
Aftermath of the Battle of "The Pit."
 United States Cheyenne US victory
Sheepeater Indian War
(1879)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Idaho
 United States Shoshone US victory
Victorio's War
(1879–1880)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Mexico
 United States
 Mexico
Apache US-allied victory
White River War
(1879)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Colorado
Battle of Milk Creek Canyon
 United States Ute US victory
Crow War
(1887)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Montana
Crow Indians Firing into the Agency 1887.jpg
Crow Indians Firing into the Agency 1887
 United States Crow people US victory Grover Cleveland
Pine Ridge Campaign
(1890–1891)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: South Dakota
Mass grave for the dead Lakota after the conflict at Wounded Knee Creek.
 United States Sioux US victory Benjamin Harrison
Garza War
(1891–1893)

Location: Texas and Mexico
3rd Cavalry Troopers searching a suspected Revolutionist, 1892
 Mexico
 United States
Garzistas US-allied victory
Yaqui Wars
(1896–1918)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Arizona and Mexico
10th Cavalry soldiers holding Yaqui prisoners at their camp in Bear Valley, January 9, 1918.
 United States
 Mexico
Flag of the Yaqui tribe.png Yaqui
Pima
Opata
US-allied victory Grover Cleveland (March 4, 1893 – March 4, 1897)


William McKinley (March 4, 1897 – September 14, 1901)


Theodore Roosevelt (September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909)


William Howard Taft (March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913)


Woodrow Wilson (March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921)

Second Samoan Civil War
(1898–1899)

Location: Samoa
Samoan warriors and American servicemen during the Siege of Apia in March 1899.
Samoa
 United States
Mataafans
 Germany
Inconclusive/Other Result William McKinley
Spanish–American War
(1898)

Location: Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines and Guam
Theodore Roosevelt and the "Rough Riders" after the Battle of San Juan Hill.
 United States
Cuban Revolutionaries
Filipino Revolutionaries
Spain Spain US-allied victory William McKinley
Philippine–American War
(1899–1902)

Location: Philippines
U.S. soldiers during the Battle of Manila.
1899–1902
 United States

1902-1906
 United States

1899–1902
 Philippine Republic

Limited Foreign Support:
 Empire of Japan


1902-1906
Flag of the Katagalugan Republic.svg Tagalog Republic

US victory William McKinley (March 4, 1897 – September 14, 1901)


Theodore Roosevelt (September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909)

Moro Rebellion
(1899–1913)

Location: Philippines
American soldiers battling against Moro fighters.
 United States Moro
Remnants of the Sulu Sultanate
US victory
  • Total annexation of the Philippine Islands
William McKinley (March 4, 1897 – September 14, 1901)


Theodore Roosevelt (September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909)


William Howard Taft (March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913)


Woodrow Wilson (March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921)

Boxer Rebellion
(1899–1901)

Location: China
U.S. soldiers during the Boxer Rebellion in China.
British Empire United Kingdom
 Russia
 Japan
France France
 United States
 Germany
 Italy
 Austria-Hungary
Righteous Harmony Society (Boxers)
 China
US-allied victory
  • Signing of the Boxer Protocol
  • Provisions for foreign troops to be stationed in Beijing
William McKinley

20th-century wars[edit]

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result for the United States and its Allies Presidents of the United States
Crazy Snake's War
(1909)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Oklahoma
Creek prisoners of war.
 United States Creek US victory Theodore Roosevelt
(September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909)

Warren G. Harding
(March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923)

Calvin Coolidge
(August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1929)

Mexican Border War
(1910–1919)

Part of the Mexican Revolution

Location: Mexico–United States border
American troops of the 16th Infantry Regiment rest for the night on May 27, 1916
 United States  Mexico
 Germany
US victory William Howard Taft
(March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913)

Woodrow Wilson
(March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921)

Little Race War
(1912)

Part of the Banana Wars

Location: Cuba
USS Mississippi in Cuba
Cuba Cuba
 United States
Cuba Cuban PIC US-allied victory
  • Dissolution of the PIC
William Howard Taft
United States occupation of Nicaragua
(1912–1933)

Part of the Banana Wars

Location: Nicaragua
US Marines holding a captured Sandinista flag.
 United States
 Nicaragua
Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaraguan Liberals
Flag of Nicaragua.svg Sandinistas
Sandinist victory William Howard Taft
(March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913)

Woodrow Wilson
(March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921)

Warren G. Harding
(March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923)

Calvin Coolidge
(August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1929)

Herbert Hoover
(March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933)

Bluff War
(1914–1915)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Utah and Colorado
Prisoners of the Bluff War in Thompson, Utah, waiting to board a train for their trial in Salt Lake City.
 United States Ute
Paiute
US victory Woodrow Wilson
United States occupation of Veracruz
(1914)

Part of the Mexican Revolution

Location: Mexico
American ships at Veracruz
 United States  Mexico US victory
United States occupation of Haiti
(1915–1934)

Part of the Banana Wars

Location: Haiti
2nd Marine Regiment in Haiti
 United States
 Haiti
Haiti Haitian Rebels US-allied victory Woodrow Wilson
(March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921)

Warren G. Harding
(March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923)

Calvin Coolidge
(August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1929)

Herbert Hoover
(March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933)

Franklin D. Roosevelt
(March 4, 1933 – April 12, 1945)

United States occupation of the Dominican Republic
(1916–1924)

Part of the Banana Wars

Location: Dominican Republic
US Marines in the Occupation of the Dominican Republic.
 United States  Dominican Republic US victory Woodrow Wilson
(March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921)

Warren G. Harding
(March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923)

Calvin Coolidge
(August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1929)

World War I
(1917–1918)

Location: Europe, Africa, Asia, Middle East, the Pacific Islands, and coast of North and South America
US troops firing 37mm gun during an advance against German entrenched positions.
 France
 British Empire

 Russia
 United States
Republic of China (1912–1949) China
 Italy
 Japan
 Serbia
 Montenegro
 Romania
 Belgium
 Greece
 Portugal
 Brazil

 Germany
 Austria-Hungary
 Ottoman Empire
 Bulgaria
US-allied victory Woodrow Wilson
Russian Civil War
(1918–1920)

Location: Russia, Mongolia, and Iran
US troops march through Russia before the Battle of Romanovka.
Russia White Movement
 British Empire

 United States
France France
 Japan
 Czechoslovakia
 Greece
 Poland
 Romania
 Serbia
 Italy
Republic of China (1912–1949) China

 Russian SFSR
 Far Eastern Republic
Latvian SSR
Ukrainian SSR
Commune of Estonia
Mongolian Communists
Bolshevik victory
  • Allied withdrawal from Russia
  • Bolshevik victory over White Army
Posey War
(1923)

Part of the American Indian Wars

Location: Utah
Ute and Paiute prisoners of war.
 United States Ute
Paiute
US victory
  • Last Indian uprising
Warren G. Harding
World War II
(1941–1945)

Location: Europe, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Southeast Asia, East Asia, Middle East, Mediterranean, North Africa, Oceania, North and South America
Six United States Marines raising the U.S. flag atop Mount Suribachi during the Battle of Iwo Jima.
 Soviet Union
 United States
 United Kingdom
 China
 France
 Poland
 Canada
 Australia
 New Zealand
 India
 South Africa
 Yugoslavia
 Greece
 Denmark
 Norway
 Netherlands
 Belgium
 Luxembourg
 Czechoslovakia
 Brazil
 Mexico
 Chile
 Peru
 Ethiopia
 Mongolia
 Philippines
North Vietnam Viet Minh
Korea KLA
 Germany
 Japan
 Italy
 Hungary
 Romania
 Bulgaria
 Albania
 Slovakia
 Croatia
 Finland
 Thailand
 Manchukuo
 Mengjiang
US-allied victory

Franklin D. Roosevelt
(March 4, 1933 – April 12, 1945)

Harry S. Truman
(April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1953)

Korean War
(1950–1953)

Part of the Cold War

Location: Korea
U.S. soldier fires a 75mm recoilless rifle, near Oetlook-tong, Korea, in support of infantry units directly across the valley.
 South Korea
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Australia
 Belgium
 Canada
 France
 Philippines
 Colombia
 Ethiopia
 Greece
 Luxembourg
 Netherlands
 New Zealand
 Spain
 South Africa
 Thailand
 Turkey
 North Korea
 China
 Soviet Union
Inconclusive/Other Result
  • Korean Armistice Agreement
  • North Korean invasion of South Korea repelled
  • Subsequent United Nations invasion of North Korea repelled
  • Subsequent Chinese-North Korean invasion of South Korea repelled
Harry S. Truman
(April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1953)

Dwight D. Eisenhower
(January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961)

Vietnam War
(1955–1964[a], 1965–1973[b], 1974–1975[c])

Part of the Cold War and Indochina Wars

Location: Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos
1st Cavalry Division, Battle of Ia Drang, 1965.
 South Vietnam
 United States
 South Korea
 Australia
 New Zealand
 Thailand
 Philippines
 Laos
Cambodia Khmer Republic
 North Vietnam
Viet Cong
Laos Pathet Lao
Khmer Rouge
 China
 Soviet Union
 North Korea
North Vietnamese-allied victory Dwight D. Eisenhower
(January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961)

John F. Kennedy
(January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963)

Lyndon B. Johnson
(November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1969)

Richard Nixon
(January 20, 1969 – August 9, 1974)

Gerald Ford
(August 9, 1974 – January 20, 1977)

Laotian Civil War
(1953–1975)

Part of the Indochina Wars and Cold War

Location: Laos
A U.S. Air Force Bell UH-1P from the 20th Special Operations Squadron "Green Hornets" at a base in Laos, 1970.
 Kingdom of Laos
 United States
 South Vietnam
 Thailand
Supported by:
Philippines
 Taiwan
Laos Pathet Lao
 North Vietnam
Supported by:
 Soviet Union
 China
Pathet Lao-allied victory
Lebanon crisis
(1958)

Location: Lebanon
US Marine sits in a foxhole and points his machine gun toward Beirut.
 Lebanon
 United States
Lebanon Lebanese opposition: US-allied victory Dwight D. Eisenhower
Bay of Pigs Invasion
(1961)

Part of the Cold War

Location: Cuba
A4D-2 Skyhawks in flight over USS Essex during the Bay of Pigs Invasion in April 1961.
Cuba CDRF
 United States
 Cuba Cuban government victory (Limited United States involvement)
  • United States sponsored Brigade 2506 (Cuban Exiles) defeated
John F. Kennedy
Dominican Civil War
(1965–1966)

Location: Dominican Republic
US soldiers push a child underneath a Jeep to protect him during a firefight in Santo Domingo on May 5, 1965.
 Dominican Loyalists
 United States
IAPF
 Dominican Constitutionalists US-allied victory Lyndon B. Johnson
Korean DMZ Conflict
(1966–1969)

Part of the Korean conflict and the Cold War

Location: Korean Demilitarized Zone
ROK and US troop stationed at the DMZ, 1967.
 South Korea
 United States
 North Korea US-allied victory
  • North Korean failure to launch an insurgency in South Korea
Lyndon B. Johnson
(November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1969)

Richard Nixon
(January 20, 1969 – August 9, 1974)

Cambodian Civil War
(1967–1975)

Part of the Cold War

Location: Cambodia
US troops and tanks entering town in Cambodia.
Kingdom of Cambodia (1967–1970)
Khmer Republic (1970–1975)
 United States
 South Vietnam

Other Supports

National United Front of Kampuchea
Khmer Rouge
Khmer Rumdo
Khmer Việt Minh
 North Vietnam
Việt Cộng

Other Supports

Khmer Rouge-allied victory
Multinational intervention in Lebanon
(1982–1984)

Location: Lebanon
US Marines of the 32nd Marine Amphibious Unit come ashore to assume the management of the port of Beirut.
Lebanese Armed Forces
UNIFIL
Multinational Force in Lebanon:
 Israel

Lebanese Front
Army of Free Lebanon
SLA

Lebanese National Movement
Jammoul
PLO
Amal Movement

 Iran

Hezbollah
Islamic Jihad Organization


Islamic Unification Movement


 Syria

Arab Deterrent Force
Syrian-allied Victory Jimmy Carter
(January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981)

Ronald Reagan
(January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989)

United States invasion of Grenada
(1983)

Part of the Cold War

Location: Grenada
American soldiers in artillery positions at Grenada.
 United States
 Barbados
 Jamaica
 Antigua and Barbuda
 Dominica
 Saint Kitts and Nevis
 Saint Lucia
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Grenada PRG of Grenada
 Cuba
Military advisors:
US-allied victory
  • Military dictatorship of Hudson Austin deposed
  • Defeat of Cuban military presence
  • Restoration of constitutional government
Ronald Reagan
Bombing of Libya
(1986)

Location: Libya
USAF F-111 taking off for Libya
 United States Libya Libya US victory
  • Failed Libyan Scud missile response
  • Muammar Gaddafi survives
Tanker War
(1987–1988)

Location: Persian Gulf
Iranian frigate Sahand after being attacked by U.S. aircraft.
 United States  Iran US victory
  • U.S. Navy sinks several ships and damages Iranian military installations used to attack U.S. and U.S. allied civilian shipping
  • U.S. Navy vessel USS Vincennes shoots down civilian Iran Air Flight 655 killing all 290 passengers, among them 66 children
  • Iran–Iraq War ends in August 1988 following UN enforcement of the ceasefire
United States invasion of Panama
(1989–1990)

Location: Panama
U.S. troops prepare to take a neighborhood in Panama City, December 1989.
 United States
 Panamanian Opposition
 Panama US-allied victory George H. W. Bush
(January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993)
Gulf War
(1990–1991)

Location: Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Israel
M1 Abrams tanks of the 3rd Armored Division advance on Medina Ridge.
 Kuwait
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Saudi Arabia
 France
 Canada
 Egypt
 Syria
 Qatar
 Bahrain
 United Arab Emirates
 Oman
Iraq US-allied victory George H. W. Bush
(January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993)
Iraqi No-Fly Zone Enforcement Operations
(1991–2003)

Location: Iraq
A Tomahawk cruise missile is fired from an Arleigh Burke-class destroyer during Operation Desert Fox in December 1998.
 United States
 United Kingdom
 France
 Australia
 Belgium
 Netherlands
 Saudi Arabia
 Turkey
 Italy
Iraq US-allied victory
  • Periodic depletion of Iraqi air defenses
George H. W. Bush
(January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993)

Bill Clinton
(January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001)

George W. Bush
(January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009)

First U.S. Intervention in the Somali Civil War
(1992–1995)

Part of the Somali civil war (1991–present)

Location: Somalia
US Marines on patrol in Somalia.
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Spain
 Saudi Arabia
 Malaysia
 Pakistan
 Italy
 India
 Greece
 Germany
 France
 Canada
 Botswana
 Belgium
 Australia
 New Zealand
Somalia Somali National Alliance Somali Victory / US-allied defeat
  • Failure to capture SNA leader Mohamed Farrah Aidid; specific Aidid lieutenants captured
  • Withdrawal of U.S. forces 5 months after losses in the Battle of Mogadishu
  • The UN mandate saved close to 100,000 lives, before and after U.S. withdrawal
  • Civil war is ongoing
George H. W. Bush
(January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993)

Bill Clinton
(January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001)

Bosnian War
(1992–1995)

Part of the Yugoslav Wars

Location: Bosnia and Herzegovina
A U.S. Army M-113 Armor Personnel Carrier prepares to pull an armored Humvee out of the mud in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina

Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia Herzeg-Bosnia
 Croatia


 United States
 Belgium
 Canada
 Denmark
 France
 Germany
 Italy
 Luxembourg
 Netherlands
 Norway
 Portugal
 Spain
 Turkey
 United Kingdom

 Republika Srpska
 Serbian Krajina
Western Bosnia
Inconclusive/Other Result George H. W. Bush
(January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993)

Bill Clinton
(January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001)

Intervention in Haiti
(1994–1995)

Location: Haiti
U.S. marine guarding an area in Haiti.
 United States
 Poland
 Argentina
 Haiti US-allied victory Bill Clinton
(January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001)
Kosovo War
(1998–1999)

Part of the Yugoslav Wars

Location: Serbia
A U.S. Air Force F-15E Strike Eagle takes off for an air strike mission.
KLA
Albania AFRK
 Albania
 Croatia
 United States
 Belgium
 Canada
 Czech Republic
 Denmark
 France
 Germany
 Hungary
 Italy
 Luxembourg
 Netherlands
 Norway
 Portugal
 Poland
 Spain
 Turkey
 United Kingdom
 FR Yugoslavia US-allied victory[12][13][14][15]
  • Ceasefire reached through Kumanovo Agreement of June 1999. after Russian and Finnish envoys visit Belgrade
  • Yugoslav forces pull out of Kosovo
  • UN Resolution 1244 confirming Kosovo as de jure part of FRY
  • De facto separation of Kosovo from FR Yugoslavia under UN administration
  • Return of Albanian refugees after attempted ethnic cleansing of Albanians
  • KLA veterans join the UÇPMB, starting the Preševo insurgency
  • Around 200,000 Serbs, Romani, and other non-Albanians fleeing Kosovo and many of the remaining civilians becoming victims of abuse
  • Three Chinese journalists were killed in United States bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade
Bill Clinton
(January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001)
  1. ^ Advisory role from the forming of the MAAG in Vietnam to the Gulf of Tonkin incident.
  2. ^ Direct U.S. involvement ended in 1973 with the Paris Peace Accords. The Paris Peace Accords of January 1973 saw all U.S forces withdrawn; the Case–Church Amendment, passed by the U.S Congress on 15 August 1973, officially ended direct U.S military involvement .
  3. ^ The war reignited on December 13, 1974 with offensive operations by North Vietnam, leading to victory over South Vietnam in under two months.

21st-century wars[edit]

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result for the United States and its Allies Presidents of the United States
War in Afghanistan
(2001–2021)

Part of the War on Terror and the Afghanistan conflict (1978–present)

Location: Afghanistan
U.S. soldiers from A Company, 101st Division Special Troop Battalion air assault into a village inside Jowlzak valley in Afghanistan.
Resolute Support Mission
 Afghanistan
 United States
 Canada
 United Kingdom
 Australia
 New Zealand
 Croatia
 Czech Republic
 Denmark
 Georgia
 Germany
 Netherlands
 Italy
 Romania
 Spain
 Turkey
Formerly:
ISAF
Taliban

Allied groups
HIG
al-Qaeda
Islamic Jihad Union[16]


Taliban splinter groups


Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant IS-Affiliates:


2001 Invasion:
Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

Taliban Victory / US-allied defeat George W. Bush
(October 7, 2001 – January 20, 2009)

Barack Obama
(January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017)

Donald Trump
(January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021)

Joe Biden
(January 20, 2021 – Incumbent)

American intervention in Yemen
(2002–present)

Part of the War on Terror, the Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen, the Yemeni Civil War (2014–present) and the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen

Location: Yemen
MQ-1 Predator commonly used in drone strikes in Yemen.
 United States Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula
Ansar al-Sharia
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Yemen Province
Ongoing
  • 329 drone strikes confirmed[18]
  • 57 Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula leaders confirmed killed[19]
  • Numerous Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula bases destroyed
  • Most recent drone strike launched in November 2021[20]
George W. Bush
(October 7, 2001 – January 20, 2009)

Barack Obama
(January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017)

Donald Trump
(January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021)

Joe Biden
(January 20, 2021 – Incumbent)

Iraq War
(2003–2011)

Part of the War on Terror

Location: Iraq
U.S. soldiers at the Hands of Victory monument in Baghdad.
 United States
 Iraq
 United Kingdom
 Australia
 South Korea
 Denmark
 Italy
 Georgia
 Poland
 Spain
 Netherlands
 Ukraine
 Romania
MNF–I
Ba'ath Loyalists

Islamic State of Iraq
al-Qaeda in Iraq
Mahdi Army
Special Groups
Islamic Army of Iraq
Ansar al-Sunnah


2003 Invasion:
Iraq Iraq

Inconclusive/Other Result George W. Bush
(January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009)

Barack Obama
(January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017)

American intervention in the War in North-West Pakistan
(2004–2018)

Part of the War on Terror and the War in North-West Pakistan

Location: Pakistan
MQ-1 Predator drones typically used in covert bombing operations in Pakistan.
 Pakistan

 United States

Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan
Taliban
al-Qaeda
Lashkar-e-Jhangvi
Turkistan Islamic Party
Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province

US-allied victory George W. Bush
(January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009)

Barack Obama
(January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017)

Donald Trump
(January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021)

Second U.S. Intervention in the Somali Civil War
(2007–present)

Part of the Somali Civil War (2009–present), the Somali Civil War and the War on Terror

Location: Somalia and Northeastern Kenya
MQ-9 Reaper commonly used in covert drone strikes in Somalia.
 Somalia
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Kenya
 Ethiopia
AMISOM
 United Nations

 European Union[35]

Al-Shabaab
Hizbul Islam

Islamic State in Somalia
Alleged support:
 Eritrea

Ongoing George W. Bush
(January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009)

Barack Obama
(January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017)

Donald Trump
(January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021)

Joe Biden
(January 20, 2021 – Incumbent)

Operation Ocean Shield
(2009–2016)

Part of the War on Terror

Location: Indian Ocean
A tall plume of black smoke rises from a destroyed pirate vessel that was struck by USS Farragut in March 2010.
 NATO
 United States
 Malaysia
 Norway
 United Kingdom
 New Zealand
 Denmark
 Netherlands
 Italy
 South Korea
 India
 Russia
 Pakistan
Somali pirates US-allied victory
  • Number of pirate attacks dramatically decreased
  • The US Office of Naval Intelligence have officially reported that in 2013, only 9 incidents of piracy were reported and that none of them were successfully hijacked[citation needed]
  • Piracy drops 90%[36]
Barack Obama
(January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017)
International intervention in Libya
(2011)

Part of the Libyan Crisis and the First Libyan Civil War

Location: Libya
U.S. vessels launch missiles in support of the First Libyan Civil War.
 NATO
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Belgium
 Bulgaria
 Canada
 Denmark
 France
 Greece
 Italy
 Netherlands
 Norway
 Romania
 Spain
 Turkey
 Sweden
 Jordan
 Qatar
 United Arab Emirates

Anti-Gaddafi rebels

 Libya US-allied victory Barack Obama
(January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017)
Operation Observant Compass
(2011–2017)

Part of the War on Terror

Location: Uganda
U.S. Marine Sgt. Joseph Bergeron, a task force combat engineer, explains combat marksmanship tactics to a group of Ugandan soldiers.
 United States
 Uganda
 DR Congo
 Central African Republic
 South Sudan
Lord's Resistance Army US-allied victory
  • Founder and leader of the LRA Joseph Kony goes into hiding
  • Senior LRA commander Dominic Ongwen surrenders to American forces in the Central African Republic and is tried at the Hague[7][8]
  • Majority of LRA installations and encampments located in South Sudan and Uganda abandoned and dismantled
  • Small scale LRA activity continues in eastern DR Congo, and the Central African Republic
Barack Obama
(January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017)
American-led intervention in Iraq
(2014–2021)

Part of the Operation Inherent Resolve, the War in Iraq (2013–2017), the Spillover of the Syrian Civil War, the War on Terror and the International ISIS campaign

Location: Iraq
U.S. soldiers use a rooftop as an observation post, during the Battle of Mosul in Iraq, March, 2017.
 United States
 Iraq
 Iraqi Kurdistan
 Australia
 New Zealand
 Belgium
 Canada
 Denmark
 France
 Germany
 Jordan
 Morocco
 Netherlands
 United Kingdom
 Turkey

 Iran
Hezbollah

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Islamic State of Iraq and Syria US-allied Coalition and Iraqi victory
  • Tens of thousands of ISIL fighters killed
  • American-led forces launch over 13,300 airstrikes on ISIL positions in Iraq
  • Heavy damage dealt to ISIL forces, ISIL loses 40% of its territory in Iraq by January 2016, and all of its territory in Iraq in December 2017
  • Multinational humanitarian and arming of ground forces efforts
  • 200 ISIL created mass graves found containing up to 12,000 people[38]
  • Ongoing US-led Coalition advising and training of Iraqi and Kurdish ground forces
  • U.S. maintains limited military presence, approximately 2,500 U.S. military personnel remain in Iraq as of December 2021, providing assistance, advice and training to Iraqi forces[39]
  • U.S. forces have ended combat mission in Iraq in December 2021[40][41]
Barack Obama
(January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017)

Donald Trump
(January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021)

Joe Biden
(January 20, 2021 – Incumbent)

American-led intervention in Syria
(2014–present)

Part of the Operation Inherent Resolve, the Syrian Civil War, the War on Terror and the International ISIS campaign

Location: Syria
U.S. 1st Battalion, 6th Infantry Regiment troops conduct area in Syria, February, 2021.
United States United States

Syrian opposition Free Syrian Army (across Syria 2011–2017, al-Tanf base 2017-present)

Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria


CJTF-OIR Members:
 United Kingdom
 France
 Australia
 New Zealand
 Canada
 Jordan
 Denmark
 Netherlands
 Belgium
 Lebanon
 Morocco
 Saudi Arabia
 United Arab Emirates
 Qatar
 Bahrain


Turkey


 Israel (limited involvement; against Hezbollah and government forces only)


Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Islamic State of Iraq and Syria


al-Qaeda linked groups:


 Syria (limited encounters with US and Israel)

Supported by:
 Russia
 Iran
Hezbollah

Ongoing Barack Obama
(January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017)

Donald Trump
(January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021)

Joe Biden
(January 20, 2021 – Incumbent)

American intervention in Libya
(2015–2019)

Part of the Operation Inherent Resolve, the Second Libyan Civil War, the War on Terror, and the International ISIS Campaign

Location: Libya
USS Wasp conducts flight operations in Operation Odyssey Lightning.
 United States
 Libya
Islamic State in Libya ISIS in Libya largely defeated
  • Liberation of Sirte
  • Hundreds of airstrikes carried out in Libya against Islamic State affiliated militant groups
  • ISIS presence in Libya severely diminished; airstrikes cease in 2019
  • Second Libyan Civil War continues until a permanent ceasefire was ratified on October 23, 2020
Barack Obama
(January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017)

Donald Trump
(January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021)

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ These numbers are gathered from a combination of surviving muster rolls and veteran applications for land grants. It is likely that the statistics on the Texan army size in both 1835 and 1836 underestimate the number of Tejanos who served in the army. American volunteers who returned to the U.S. without claiming land are also undercounted. Lack (1992), p. 113.

References[edit]

  1. ^ history, Martin Kelly Martin H. Kelly is a former; Teacher, Social Studies; Books, The Author of Two History; life, one on Colonial; Tampa, the other on American Presidents He is an online course developer for the UK-based Pamoja Education company He lives in; Florida. "American Involvement in Wars from Colonial Times to the Present". ThoughtCo. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Tripolitan War | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
  3. ^ a b r2WPadmin. "First Barbary War". American History Central. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
  4. ^ Serial 89, 18th Congress, 1st Session, Senate Document No. 1, p. 95
  5. ^ Lack (1992), pp. 122–3.
  6. ^ "The Indians". The Philadelphia Inquirer. November 12, 1884.
  7. ^ "Union and Confederate Indians in the Civil War". civilwarhome.com. February 16, 2002. Archived from the original on February 13, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
  8. ^ "City of Albuquerque". City of Albuquerque.
  9. ^ Yun, Jiwon (2019). "Vietnam's Politic of a Divided Nation: From the Reunification to DoiMoi (Renovation) and Its Implication for the Korean Peninsula and North Korea". International Journal of Korean Unification Studies. 28 (1): 63–92. doi:10.33728/ijkus.2019.28.1.003. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
  10. ^ "Statement by Deputy Press Secretary Larry Speakes". September 23, 1982.
  11. ^ Brinkley, Joel (March 11, 1984). "The Collapse of Lebanon's Army: U.S. Said to Ignore Factionalism". The New York Times.
  12. ^ http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a432768.pdf
  13. ^ Cambridge Scholars Publisher (2015). Coercive Diplomacy of NATO in Kosovo. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 289–. ISBN 978-1-4438-7668-1.
  14. ^ Erlanger, Steven (November 7, 1999). "NATO Was Closer to Ground War in Kosovo Than Is Widely Realized". The New York Times.
  15. ^ Lake, Daniel R. (2009). "The Limits of Coercive Airpower: NATO's "Victory" in Kosovo Revisited". International Security. 34: 83–112. doi:10.1162/isec.2009.34.1.83. S2CID 57572298.
  16. ^ "Central Asian groups split over leadership of global jihad". The Long War Journal. August 24, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
  17. ^ "U.S. Troops in Afghanistan now down to 2,500, lowest since 2001: Pentagon". Reuters. January 15, 2021.
  18. ^ "Drone War: Yemen". The Bureau of Investigative Journalism. Retrieved June 28, 2019.
  19. ^ "Yemen Leaders Killed". Washington, DC, USA: New America. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
  20. ^ "The War in Yemen". newamerica.org. Retrieved December 9, 2021.
  21. ^ "Sectarian divisions change Baghdad's image". NBC News. July 3, 2006. Retrieved February 18, 2007.
  22. ^ Petrou, Michael (September 9, 2011). "The decline of al-Qaeda". Maclean's. George W. Bush gambled on surging thousands more troops to the embattled country. It paid off. Al-Qaeda in Iraq is now a diminished force without territory.
  23. ^ Spencer C. Tucker (December 14, 2015). U.S. Conflicts in the 21st Century: Afghanistan War, Iraq War, and the War on Terror. ISBN 978-1-4408-3879-8. Al Qaeda in Iraq was decimated by the end of the Iraq War in 2011
  24. ^ South, Todd (January 20, 2019). "Army's long-awaited Iraq war study finds Iran was the only winner in a conflict that holds many lessons for future wars". Army Times. Retrieved January 20, 2019.
  25. ^ Galbraith, Peter W. (2007). The End of Iraq: How American Incompetence Created a War Without End. Simon & Schuster. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-7432-9424-9.
  26. ^ "Iran expands regional 'empire' ahead of nuclear deal". Reuters. March 23, 2015.
  27. ^ "How to Stop Iran's Growing Hegemony". National Review Online. April 10, 2015.
  28. ^ "The JRTN Movement and Iraq's Next Insurgency | Combating Terrorism Center at West Point". Ctc.usma.edu. Archived from the original on August 26, 2011. Retrieved August 2, 2014.
  29. ^ "Al-Qaeda's Resurgence in Iraq: A Threat to U.S. Interests". U.S. Department of State. February 5, 2014. Retrieved November 26, 2010.
  30. ^ "Drone War: Pakistan". The Bureau of Investigative Journalism. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
  31. ^ "Pakistan Leaders Killed" Archived 18 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine. New America Foundation. 23 June 2018
  32. ^ "US Drone Kills Afghan-Based Pakistani Taliban Commander". Voice of America (VOA). July 4, 2018.
  33. ^ "CIA drone strikes in Pakistan, 2004 to present". Bureau of Investigative Journalism. 24 January 2018. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
  34. ^ a b c "Service and Sacrifice: Ugandan 'Blue Helmets' support UN efforts to bring peace to Somalia". UN News. April 18, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2019.
  35. ^ Somalia, EUTM. "Home". EUTM-Somalia. Retrieved April 18, 2019.
  36. ^ "Somali piracy is down 90 per cent from last year". The Journal. December 15, 2013. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  37. ^ Holmes, Oliver (January 24, 2012). "UPDATE 1-Anger, chaos but no revolt after Libya violence". Bani Walid. Reuters Africa. Archived from the original on April 30, 2012. Retrieved January 24, 2012.
  38. ^ "IS left 200 mass graves in Iraq - UN". November 6, 2018. Retrieved June 21, 2019.
  39. ^ "U.S. Announces End to Combat Mission in Iraq, but Troops Will Not Leave". nytimes.com. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021.
  40. ^ "US-led combat mission in Iraq ends, shifting to advisory role". aljazeera.com.
  41. ^ "U.S.-led troops end Iraq combat mission, as planned - military officials". reuters.com.
  42. ^ Reuters (June 15, 2019). "Belgium takes back six children of Isis fighters from Syrian camps". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
  43. ^ "US-led Coalition in Iraq & Syria". Airwars. December 2018. Retrieved January 4, 2019.

External links[edit]