Heads of state governments of Malaysia
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The Menteri Besar (Jawi:منتري بسر; literally "First Minister") is the chief executive of the state government for states in Malaysia with hereditary rulers. For states without a monarch, the title Chief Minister (Ketua Menteri) is used. The title 'Menteri Besar' is usually untranslated in the English media in Malaysia,[1] but is typically translated as 'Chief Minister' by foreign media.[2]
According to protocol, all Menteris Besar and Chief Ministers are styled Yang Amat Berhormat (abbreviated Y.A.B.), which means "The Most Honourable".
History
In most states within Malaysia, the office was created by the British colonial government in 1948, in tandem with the creation of the Federation of Malaya. However, Johor was the first state to create the Menteri Besar position, subject to Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor (Johor State Constitution) enforced by Sultan Abu Bakar. This had made Johor the first Malay state to adopt a system of constitutional monarchy. After Malaya gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1957, the office bearer is appointed among the state legislative assembly members by the Sultans. The Menteri Besar usually comes from the party which commands a majority in the state assembly.
Relations between the chief ministers and other levels of government
For many decades, the Chief Ministers met with each other and the Prime Minister at Mesyuarat Menteri-Menteri Besar dan Ketua Menteri.
Current Chief Ministers
See also
References
- ^ The following are examples of the use of Menteri Besar in
- State media: "Badrul Hisham To Be Referred to Rights Committee After Sarawak Election: MB". Bernama. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- Newspapers: Lim, Louisa (9 April 2011). "That Effing Show: New twist to comedy". The Star (Malaysia). Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- Internet news: Spykerman, Neville (8 July 2010). "Khalid remains Selangor Pakatan chief, says Anwar". The Malaysian Insider. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- "Why Old Timers in Opposition Have Not Stepped Down, Asks Shafie". Bernama. 9 April 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- Plural form: "Najib Chairs 108th Meeting Of Menteris Besar and Chief Ministers". Bernama. 9 February 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
- ^ Examples of the use of Chief Minister in place of Menteri Besar by non-local media:
- "Cleric: Women's Sexy Clothing Distracting Muslim Men From Sleep, Prayers". Fox News. 31 October 2007. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- Brown, Kevin (23 August 2010). "Malaysia looks to ancient alternative currency – gold". Financial Times. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
External links
- List of Menteris Besar and Chief Ministers at the Prime Minister's Department