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City of Penrith

Coordinates: 33°45′S 150°42′E / 33.750°S 150.700°E / -33.750; 150.700
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This article is about the local government area. For the suburb, see Penrith, New South Wales.

City of Penrith
New South Wales
Location in Metropolitan Sydney
Coordinates33°45′S 150°42′E / 33.750°S 150.700°E / -33.750; 150.700
Population196,066 (2016 census)[1] (24th)
 • Density484.23/km2 (1,254.16/sq mi)
Established12 May 1871 (1871-05-12) (Municipality)
21 October 1959 (1959-10-21) (City)
Area404.9 km2 (156.3 sq mi)
Time zoneAEST (UTC+10)
 • Summer (DST)AEDT (UTC+11)
MayorJohn Thain
Council seatCivic Centre, Penrith
RegionMetropolitan Sydney
State electorate(s)
Federal division(s)
WebsiteCity of Penrith
LGAs around City of Penrith:
Hawkesbury Hawkesbury Hawkesbury
Blue Mountains City of Penrith Blacktown
Wollondilly Liverpool Fairfield

The City of Penrith is a City in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The seat of the City is located in Penrith, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) west of Sydney's central business district. It occupies part of the preeminent, enduring, original sovereign lands of the Darug. First incorporated as a municipality on 12 May 1871, on 1 January 1949, the municipalities of Penrith, St Marys and Castlereagh and part of the Nepean Shire amalgamated to form a new Municipality of Penrith. Penrith was declared a City on 21 October 1959, and expanded westwards to include Emu Plains and Emu Heights, formerly part of the City of Blue Mountains, on 25 October 1963. As at the 2016 census the City of Penrith had an estimated population of 196,066.[1]

The Mayor of the City of Penrith is Cr. John Thain, a member of the Labor Party.

Suburbs and localities in the local government area

The following suburbs and localities are located within the City of Penrith:

Council history

Penrith Community Centre, on the corner of Henry and Station streets, was the Penrith Council Chambers from November 1959 to December 1993.
Plaque commemorating the Penrith municipal centenary unveiled on the Penrith Council Chambers by Governor Sir Roden Cutler.

The Municipality of Penrith was incorporated on 12 May 1871 under the Municipalities Act 1858 (NSW). On 3 March 1890, St Marys was separately incorporated, and on 26 July 1893 and 9 September 1895, Mulgoa and Castlereagh followed respectively. In 1913, Mulgoa became the "A" Riding of the neighbouring Nepean Shire.[2]

On 1 January 1949, under the Local Government (Areas) Act 1948, the Municipalities of Penrith, St Marys and Castlereagh and A Riding of the Nepean Shire amalgamated to form a new Municipality of Penrith. It was declared a City on 21 October 1959, and expanded westwards to include Emu Plains and Emu Heights, formerly part of the City of Blue Mountains, on 25 October 1963.[2]

Demographics

At the 2016, there were 196,066 people in the Penrith local government area, of these 49.4% were male and 50.6% were female. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 3.9% of the population; notably above the national average of 2.8%. The median age of people in the City of Penrith was 34 years; notably below the national median of 38 years. Children aged 0 – 14 years made up 21.06% of the population and people aged 65 years and over made up 11.69% of the population. Of people in the area aged 15 years and over, 47.3% were married and 12.3% were either divorced or separated.[3]

Population growth in the City of Penrith between the 2001 Census and the 2006 census was 0.15% and in the subsequent five years to the 2011 census, population growth was 3.68%. When compared with total population growth of Australia for the same periods, being 5.78% and 8.32% respectively, population growth in the Penrith local government area was significantly lower than the national average.[4] The median weekly income for residents within the City of Penrith was on with par with the national average.[3]

At the 2016 census, the proportion of residents in the Penrith local government area who stated their ancestry as Australian or Anglo-Saxon exceeded 62.5% of all residents (national average was 59.6%). In excess of 52.8% of all residents in the City of Penrith area nominated a religious affiliation with Christianity at the 2016 census, which was significantly higher than the national average of 38.5%. Meanwhile, as at the Census date, compared to the national average, households in the Penrith local government area had a marginally lower than average proportion (20.7%) where two or more languages are spoken (national average was 22.2%); and a higher proportion (77.2%) where English only was spoken at home (national average was 72.7%).[3]

Selected historical census data for Penrith local government area
Census year 2001[4] 2006[5] 2011[3] 2016[1]
Population Estimated residents on census night 171,870 172,140 178,467 196,066
LGA rank in terms of size within New South Wales 7th Decrease 8th 13th
% of New South Wales population 2.58% 2.63%
% of Australian population 0.92% Decrease 0.87% Decrease 0.83% 0.84%
Cultural and language diversity
Ancestry,
top responses		 Australian 29.1% 26.3%
English 25.2% 24.5%
Irish 6.8% 7.2%
Scottish 5.3% 5.5%
Maltese 3.0% 2.8%
Language,
top responses
(other than English)		 Arabic 1.3% Increase 1.5% Increase 1.6% 1.6%
Tagalog 1.3% Decrease 0.8% Increase 1.0% 1.1%
Italian 1.0% Decrease 0.9% Decrease 0.8% 0.9%
Maltese 0.8% Steady 0.8% Steady 0.8% 0.7%
Hindi 0.6% Increase 0.7% Increase 0.8% 0.9%
Religious affiliation
Religious affiliation,
top responses		 Catholic 34.5% Increase 34.9% Increase 35.2% 32.1%
Anglican 26.1% Decrease 24.7% Decrease 23.6% 18.4%
No religion 9.8% Increase 11.9% Increase 14.0% 21.1%
Presbyterian and Reformed 3.4% Decrease 3.1% Decrease 2.9%
Uniting Church 3.7% Decrease 3.1% Decrease 2.7%
Median weekly incomes
Personal income Median weekly personal income A$517 A$623 A$728
% of Australian median income 110.9% 108.0% 109.6%
Family income Median weekly family income A$1,147 A$1,582 A$1,858
% of Australian median income 111.7% 106.8% 107.1%
Household income Median weekly household income A$1,285 A$1,398 A$1,658
% of Australian median income 109.7% 113.3% 111.5%

Council

Penrith Civic Centre, designed by Feiko Bouman on 601 High Street, has been the council seat since December 1993.

Composition and election methods

Term Aldermen/Councillors Wards Mayor
1871–1891 9 No wards Annual election by Aldermen
1891–1893 12
1893–1948 9
1949–1950 24 Ward One (9, Penrith)
Ward Two (9, St Marys)
Ward Three (3, Nepean)
Ward Four (3, Castlereagh)
1950–1959 12 (3 per ward) Ward One
Ward Two
Ward Three
Ward Four
1959–1963 13 (3 per ward: 12 Aldermen, 1 Mayor) Direct triennial election
1963–1968 13 (4 per ward: 12 Aldermen, 1 Mayor) North Ward
South Ward
East Ward
1968–1987 12 (4 per ward) Annual election by Aldermen/Councillors
1987–date 15 (5 per ward)

Current composition and election method

Penrith City Council is composed of fifteen Councillors elected proportionally as three separate wards, each electing five Councillors. All Councillors are elected for a fixed four-year term of office. The Mayor is elected by the Councillors at the first meeting of the Council. The most recent election was held on 10 September 2016, with a by-election held on 12 May 2018 to replace two Councillors who resigned during the Council term. The current Council is as follows:[6][7][8]

Party Councillors
  Australian Labor Party 7
  Liberal Party of Australia 5
  Independents 3
Total 15

The current Council, elected in 2016, in order of election by ward, is:

Ward Councillor Party Notes
East Ward[6]   Greg Davies Labor Mayor 2002–2004, 2007–2008, 2011–2012, Deputy Mayor 2001–2002, 2003–2004, 2014–2015
  Tricia Hitchen Liberal Deputy Mayor 2016–date[9]
  Todd Carney Labor
  Bernard Bratusa Liberal
  Robin Cook Labor
North Ward[7]   John Thain Labor Mayor 2005–2006, 2016–date, Deputy Mayor 2004–2005[9]
  Ross Fowler OAM Liberal Mayor 1995–1996, 2013–2015, Deputy Mayor 2015–2016
  Aaron Duke Labor
  Marcus Cornish Independent Liberal Party until May 2016.[10]
  Kevin Crameri OAM Independent Mayor 1996–1997, 2009–2011, Deputy Mayor 1988–1989.
South Ward[8]   Karen McKeown OAM Labor Mayor 2015–2016, Deputy Mayor 2006–2007
  Mark Davies Liberal Mayor 2012–2013
  Jim Aitken OAM Independent Mayor 2008–2009, Deputy Mayor 2010–2011, 2013–2014
  Kathryn Presdee Labor
  Brian Cartwright Liberal

Mayors

Mayor Party Term Notes
  Patros Athanas Tornaros Labor 1 January 1949 – 5 December 1949 [11]
  Bill Chapman Independent 5 December 1949 – 11 December 1956 [12]
  Bernard Noel Fowler Independent 11 December 1956 – 11 December 1957 [13]
  Leo Joseph Spies Labor 11 December 1957 – 19 April 1961 [14][15][16][17][18][19]
  Bill Chapman Independent 3 June 1961 – December 1968 [20][21]
  Ron Mulock Labor December 1968 – September 1971 [22]
  Brian King Independent September 1971 – September 1974 [22]
  Eileen Cammack OBE Independent September 1974 – September 1977 [23]
  Brian King AM Independent September 1977 – September 1985 [22]
  Kevin Dwyer OAM Independent September 1985 – September 1987 [22]
  Rodney Field Independent September 1987 – September 1988 [22]
  Kevin Dwyer OAM Independent September 1988 – September 1989 [22]
  Brian King AM Independent September 1989 – September 1990 [22][24]
  Faye Lo Po' AM Labor September 1990 – September 1991 [22]
Tony Aquilina September 1991 – September 1992 [22]
  Bill Gayed Independent September 1992 – September 1993 [22]
  Diane Beamer Labor September 1993 – September 1994 [22]
Pat Sheehy September 1994 – September 1995 [22]
  Ross Fowler Independent September 1995 – September 1996 [22]
  Kevin Crameri OAM Independent September 1996 – September 1997 [22]
  Kevin Dwyer OAM Independent September 1997 – September 1998 [22][25]
  John Bateman OAM Independent September 1998 – September 2000 [22]
  David Bradbury Labor September 2000 – September 2001 [22]
Pat Sheehy September 2001 – September 2002 [22]
Greg Davies September 2002 – April 2004 [22]
David Bradbury April 2004 – September 2004 [22]
  Jackie Greenow Independent September 2004 – September 2005 [22]
  John Thain Labor September 2005 – September 2006 [22]
Pat Sheehy AM September 2006 – September 2007 [22][26]
Greg Davies September 2007 – September 2008 [22]
  Jim Aitken OAM Independent September 2008 – September 2009 [22][27]
  Kevin Crameri OAM Independent September 2009 – September 2011 [22][28][29]
  Greg Davies Labor September 2011 – September 2012 [22]
  Mark Davies Liberal September 2012 – 23 September 2013 [22]
Ross Fowler OAM 23 September 2013 – September 2015 [30][31]
  Karen McKeown Labor September 2015 – 26 September 2016 [22]
John Thain 26 September 2016 – date [9]

Sister cities

Since it signed its first agreement with Fujieda, Japan in 1984, Penrith City has gradually expanded its sister cities and international links programme. Presently Penrith has links with:

  • United Kingdom Penrith, Cumbria, England - Sister City
  • Japan Fujieda City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan - Sister City
  • Japan Hakusan City (incorporating Matto City), Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan - Friendship City
  • China Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China - Friendship City
  • China Xicheng District of Beijing City, China - Mutual Co-operation Agreement
  • South Korea Gangseo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea - Mutual Co-operation Agreement

Heritage listings

The City of Penrith has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

References

  1. ^ a b c Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Penrith (C)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 5 July 2017. Edit this at Wikidata
  2. ^ a b "History of Local Government development in the Penrith and Surrounding Districts". Penrith City Council. 25 May 2009. Archived from the original on 22 June 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ a b c d Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Penrith (C)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 8 December 2012. Edit this at Wikidata
  4. ^ a b Australian Bureau of Statistics (9 March 2006). "Penrith (C)". 2001 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 8 December 2012. Edit this at Wikidata
  5. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). "Penrith (C)". 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  6. ^ a b "Penrith City Council Declaration of Election" (PDF). Local Government Elections 2016. Australian Election Company. 20 September 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
  7. ^ a b "Penrith City Council Declaration of Election" (PDF). Local Government Elections 2016. Australian Election Company. 20 September 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
  8. ^ a b "Penrith City Council Declaration of Election" (PDF). Local Government Elections 2016. Australian Election Company. 20 September 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
  9. ^ a b c Georgopoulos, Marissa (28 September 2016). "Councillors John Thain and Tricia Hitchen to lead as mayor and deputy mayor". Penrith Press. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
  10. ^ Duffy, Conor (12 May 2016). "Election 2016: Marcus Cornish resigns from Liberals after saying Fiona Scott betrayed Abbott". ABC News. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
  11. ^ "First Meeting of United Penrith Council". Nepean Times. Vol. 66, no. 4681. New South Wales, Australia. 23 December 1948. p. 1. Retrieved 2 June 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  12. ^ "Ald. Chapman, Mayor of Penrith". Nepean Times. Vol. 67, no. 4729. New South Wales, Australia. 8 December 1949. p. 1. Retrieved 2 June 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  13. ^ "Ald. B. Fowler Elected Mayor of Penrith". Nepean Times. Vol. 72, no. 5081. New South Wales, Australia. 13 December 1956. p. 1. Retrieved 2 June 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  14. ^ "Ald. L. Spies Now Mayor of Penrith". Nepean Times. Vol. 75, no. 3891. New South Wales, Australia. 12 December 1957. p. 1. Retrieved 2 June 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  15. ^ "Re-elected: Ald. Spies as Mayor, Ald. Thomas Deputy Mayor of Penrith". Nepean Times. Vol. 76, no. 3942. New South Wales, Australia. 18 December 1958. p. 1. Retrieved 2 June 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  16. ^ "The Mayor". Nepean Times. Vol. 77, no. 3991. New South Wales, Australia. 10 December 1959. p. 1. Retrieved 2 June 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  17. ^ "Penrith Plan: May How Remove All Uncertainty in Minds of Public of Penrith: The Mayor". Nepean Times. Vol. 78, no. 4004. New South Wales, Australia. 24 March 1960. p. 1. Retrieved 2 June 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  18. ^ "Citizens Mourn Mayor: Many Tributes". Nepean Times. Vol. 79, no. 4032. New South Wales, Australia. 27 April 1961. p. 1. Retrieved 2 June 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  19. ^ "Mayor's Successor". Nepean Times. Vol. 79, no. 4032. New South Wales, Australia. 27 April 1961. p. 1. Retrieved 2 June 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  20. ^ "Mayor Quick off the Mark Starting Duties". Nepean Times. Vol. 79, no. 4038. New South Wales, Australia. 8 June 1961. p. 1. Retrieved 2 June 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  21. ^ "Congratulations for New Mayor". Nepean Times. Vol. 79, no. 4038. New South Wales, Australia. 8 June 1961. p. 1. Retrieved 2 June 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac "Mayors - Penrith City Council". Local government history. Penrith City Council. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
  23. ^ "Cammack, Eileen (1914 - 2000)". The Australian Women's Register. 2005. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
  24. ^ "KING, Brian - Member of the Order of Australia". It's an Honour database. Australian Government. 9 June 1986. Retrieved 2 June 2018. For service to local government and to the community.
  25. ^ Bradbury, David (25 May 2010). "Constituency Statements – Lindsay Electorate: Mr Kevin Dwyer OAM" (Hansard). ParlInfo. Parliament of Australia. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
  26. ^ "Sheehy, Patrick Francis – Member of the Order of Australia". It's an Honour database. Australian Government. 13 June 2005. Retrieved 1 June 2018. For service to local government through the Penrith City Council, and to the community of Western Sydney, particularly in the areas of education and health services.
  27. ^ "Aitken, James Ashley – Medal of the Order of Australia". It's an Honour database. Australian Government. 8 June 1998. Retrieved 1 June 2018. For service to the community of the Penrith District, Particularly Through Youth Welfare and Service Organisations and to Local Government.
  28. ^ "Crameri, Kevin Douglas – Medal of the Order of Australia". It's an Honour database. Australian Government. 7 June 1999. Retrieved 1 June 2018. For Service to Local Government and to the Community of Penrith.
  29. ^ "Crameri, Kevin Douglas – Centenary Medal". It's an Honour database. Australian Government. 1 January 2001. Retrieved 1 June 2018. For community service through the rural fire brigade, Red Cross and NSW Police Citizens' Boys Club.
  30. ^ Cheng, Kevin (24 September 2013). "Councillor Ross Fowler elected as Penrith Mayor". Penrith Press. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
  31. ^ "Fowler, Ross Bernard - Medal of the Order of Australia". It's an Honour database. Australian Government. 26 January 2008. Retrieved 1 June 2018. For service to local government, and to the community of Penrith through a range of service and disabled care organisations.
  32. ^ "Natural Area". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H00649. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  33. ^ "Upper Castlereagh Public School and residence". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H00339. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  34. ^ "Emu Plains Railway Station group". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01136. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  35. ^ "Fossil Collection". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H00971. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  36. ^ "Petrology Collection". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H00973. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  37. ^ "Fairlight Homestead & Barn". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H00262. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  38. ^ "Fernhill". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H00054. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  39. ^ "Glenmore". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H00074. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  40. ^ "St. Thomas Anglican Church". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H00426. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  41. ^ "Cox's Cottage". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H00171. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  42. ^ "Craithes House". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H00378. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  43. ^ "Torin Building". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01796. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  44. ^ "Penrith Railway Station group". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01222. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  45. ^ "Victoria Bridge". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01950. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  46. ^ "Emu Plains (Nepean River) Underbridge". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01830. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  47. ^ Penrith Museum of Fire Archived 11 April 2006 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 18 June 2009
  48. ^ "Fire and Rescue NSW Heritage Fleet". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01902. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  49. ^ "NSW Fire Brigades No 10 Vehicle Number Plates". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01519. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  50. ^ "Shand Mason 7 inch Manual Fire Engine (1869)". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01898. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  51. ^ "Shand Mason Fire Engine (1891)". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01716. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  52. ^ "Shand Mason Curricle Ladders (1898)". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01899. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  53. ^ "Edward Smith Headquarters Switchboard (1909)". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01901. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  54. ^ "Ahrens Fox PS2 Fire Engine (1929)". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01717. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  55. ^ "Dennis Big 6 Fire Engine (1939)". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01718. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  56. ^ "Ford 21W Fire Brigade Mobile Canteen (1942)". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01900. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  57. ^ "Glenleigh Estate". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H00346. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  58. ^ "St. Marys Railway Station Group". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01249. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  59. ^ "Mamre". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H00264. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  60. ^ "Rose Cottage and Early Slab Hut". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01392. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
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