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Northwestern University

Coordinates: 42°03′17″N 87°40′26″W / 42.054853°N 87.673945°W / 42.054853; -87.673945
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For other universities with a similar name, see Northwestern University (disambiguation).
Northwestern University
MottoQuaecumque sunt vera (Latin) Ο Λόγος πλήρης χάριτος και αληθείας Ho logos pleres charitos kai aletheias (Greek)
Motto in English
Whatsoever things are true (Philippians 4:8 AV) The word full of grace and truth (Gospel of John 1:14)
TypePrivate
Established1851
EndowmentUS $5.45 billion[1]
PresidentMorton O. Schapiro
ProvostDaniel I. Linzer
Academic staff
approximately 3,183 full-time faculty[2]
Students16,377[3]
Undergraduates8,497[3]
Postgraduates7,880[3]
Location
Evanston and Chicago
,
Illinois
,
U.S.A.
CampusEvanston main campus, Suburban, 240 acres (97 ha);
Chicago campus, Urban, 20 acres (8.1 ha)
ColorsPurple (official) and White (unofficial)[4]            
AffiliationsAssociation of American Universities, COFHE
MascotWillie the Wildcat
Websitewww.northwestern.edu

Northwestern University (NU) is a private university located primarily in Template:City-state. Northwestern has twelve undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools and colleges offering 123 undergraduate degrees and 145 graduate and professional degrees.[5][6]

Northwestern was founded in 1851 by John Evans, for whom Evanston is named, and eight other Chicago businessmen to serve the people of what had once been known as the Northwest Territory. Instruction began in 1855; women were admitted in 1869. Today, the main campus is a 240-acre (97 ha) parcel in Evanston, along the shore of Lake Michigan. The university's law and medical schools are located on a 20-acre (8.1 ha) campus in Chicago's Streeterville neighborhood. In 2008, the Medill School of Journalism and School of Communication opened a campus in Education City, Doha, Qatar. In 2009, Northwestern enrolled 8,497 undergraduate and 7,880 graduate and professional students.[3]

Northwestern is one of 61 institutions elected to the Association of American Universities and remains a research university with very high research activity.[7][8] Northwestern's schools of management, engineering, and communication are among the most academically productive in the nation in their respective disciplines.[9] Northwestern managed research and development budgets totaling $420 million in 2006, 34th among all universities and 13th among private universities in the United States.[10]

Northwestern is a founding member of the Big Ten Conference and remains the only private university in the Conference. The Northwestern Wildcats compete in 19 intercollegiate sports in the NCAA's Division I.

History

Main article: History of Northwestern University
The Arch at Northwestern's Evanston campus

The history of Northwestern University can be traced back to a meeting on May 31, 1850 of nine prominent Chicago businessmen who wanted to establish a university to serve what had once been known as the Northwest Territory. On January 28, 1851, the Illinois General Assembly granted a charter to the Trustees of the North Western University, making it the first chartered university in Illinois.[11][12][a] Although the school’s founders were all Methodists, including three ministers of the church, they were committed to non-sectarian admissions for the entire population of the territory.[13][14]

John Evans bought 379 acres (153 ha) of land along Lake Michigan in 1853 and Philo Judson developed plans for what would become the city of Evanston. The first building, Old College, opened on November 5, 1855.[15] In order to raise funds for construction, Northwestern sold $100 "perpetual scholarships" that entitled the purchaser and his heirs to free tuition.[16][17] In 1873, the Evanston College for Ladies merged with Northwestern, and Frances Willard, who later gained fame as a suffragist, became the school's first dean of women. Northwestern admitted its first women students in 1869 and the first woman was graduated in 1874.[18] Willard Residential College (1938) is named in her honor.

Northwestern fielded its first intercollegiate football team in 1882, later becoming a founding member of the Big Ten Conference. Northwestern became affiliated with professional schools of law, medicine, and dentistry in Chicago in the 1870s and 1880s. Enrollments grew during the 1890s and under Henry Wade Rogers these new programs were integrated in order to create a modern research university combining professional, graduate, and undergraduate programs, which emphasized both teaching and research.[19][20] The Association of American Universities invited Northwestern to become a member in 1917.

Deering Library (1933) in 2008

Under Walter Dill Scott's presidency from 1920 to 1939, Northwestern began construction of an integrated campus in Chicago designed by James Gamble Rogers to house the professional schools; established the Kellogg School of Management; and built several prominent buildings on the Evanston campus, Dyche Stadium and Deering Library among others. In 1933, a proposal to merge Northwestern with the University of Chicago was considered but wisely rejected. [21][22] Northwestern hosted the first-ever NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship game in 1939 in the original Patten Gymnasium, which was later demolished and relocated farther north in order to make room for the Technological Institute.

University Hall (1869), the second building constructed on campus, and the oldest building still standing.

Like other American research universities, Northwestern was transformed by World War II. Franklyn B. Snyder led the university from 1939 to 1949 and during the war nearly 50,000 military officers and personnel were trained on the Evanston and Chicago campuses. After the war surging enrollments under the G.I. Bill drove drastic expansion of both campuses. In 1948, prominent anthropologist Melville J. Herskovits founded the Program of African Studies at Northwestern, the first center of its kind at an American academic institution.[23] J. Roscoe Miller's tenure from 1949–1970 was responsible for the expansion of the Evanston campus with the construction of the Lakefill on Lake Michigan, growth of the faculty and new academic programs, as well as polarizing Vietnam-era student protests. In 1978, the first and second Unabomber attacks occurred at Northwestern University.[24] Relations between Evanston and Northwestern were strained throughout much of the post-war era because of episodes of disruptive student activism,[25] disputes over municipal zoning, building codes, and law enforcement,[26] as well as restrictions on the sale of alcohol near campus until 1972.[27][28] Northwestern's exemption from state and municipal property tax obligations under its original charter was a particular source of town and gown tension and led to a federal lawsuit between the city and university which was settled out-of-court in 2004.[29][30]

Though government support for universities declined in the 1970s and 1980s, President Arnold R. Weber was able to stabilize university finances leading to a revitalization of the campuses. As admissions to colleges and universities grew increasingly competitive in the 1990s and 2000s, Henry S. Bienen's tenure saw a notable increase in the number and quality of undergraduate applicants, continued expansion of the facilities and faculty, and renewed athletic competitiveness. In 1999, Northwestern student journalists uncovered information that exonerated Illinois death row inmate Anthony Porter two days before his scheduled execution and the Innocence Project has since exonerated nine more men.[31][32] On January 11, 2003, in a speech at Northwestern School of Law's Lincoln Hall, Governor of Illinois George Ryan announced that he would commute the sentences of more than 150 death row inmates.[33]

The Latin phrase on Northwestern's seal, Quaecumque sunt vera (Whatsoever things are true) is drawn from The Epistle of Paul to the Philippians 4:8, while the Greek phrase inscribed on the pages of an open book is taken from the Gospel of John 1:14: ho logos pleres charitos kai aletheias (The Word full of grace and truth). [14][34] Purple became Northwestern's official color in 1892,[35] replacing black and gold after a university committee concluded that too many other universities had used these colors. Today, Northwestern has but one official color, royal purple, although white is something of an official color as well, being mentioned in both the university's earliest song, Alma Mater ("Hail to purple, hail to white") and in many university guidelines.[4][36]

Campuses

See also: List of Northwestern University buildings

Evanston

Northwestern's Evanston campus is located on Lake Michigan.

Northwestern's Evanston campus, home to the undergraduate program, graduate school, and business school, runs north-south in between Lake Michigan and Sheridan Road from Clark Street to Central Street. The north side of campus is home to the campus' fraternity quads, the Henry Crown Sports Pavilion and other athletic facilities, the Technological Institute, Dearborn Observatory, and other science-related buildings including Ryan Hall, and the Ford Motor Company Engineering Design Center. The south side of campus is home to the University's humanities buildings, music buildings (such as Pick-Staiger Concert Hall), art buildings (such as the Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art), and sorority quads. This division in building location, along with the fact that the south end of campus is closer to the downtown center of Evanston, creates a cultural difference between the students typically found on either end of the campus. In the 1960s, the University expanded its campus boundaries by constructing a lakefill in Lake Michigan. The additional 84 acres (34 ha) are now home to the Northwestern University Library, Norris University Center, and Pick-Staiger Concert Hall, among other facilities.

The Chicago Transit Authority's elevated train running through Evanston is called the Purple Line, taking its name from Northwestern's school color. The Foster and Davis stations are within walking distance of the southern end of the campus, while the Noyes station is close to the northern end of the campus. The Central station is close to Ryan Field, Northwestern's football stadium. The Evanston Davis Street Metra station serves the Northwestern campus in downtown Evanston and the Evanston Central Street Metra station is near Ryan Field.

Panorama of Northwestern University in Evanston

Chicago

The Montgomery Ward Memorial Building (1927) at the Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago, America's first academic skyscraper.[37]

Northwestern's Chicago campus is located in the city's Streeterville neighborhood. The Chicago campus is home to the medical school and hospital, the law school, the part-time business school, and the School of Continuing Studies, which offers evening and weekend courses for working adults. Northwestern's professional schools and hospital in downtown Chicago are about four blocks east of the Chicago station on the CTA Red Line. The Chicago Transit Authority and Pace Suburban Bus Service have several bus routes that run through both campuses.

Northwestern's professional schools had been founded or affiliated with the university at various times in its history and consequently their facilities were scattered throughout Chicago.[38] In connection with a 1917 master plan for a central Chicago campus and President Scott's capital campaign, 8.5 acres (3.4 ha) of land were purchased at the Corner of Chicago Avenue and Lake Shore Drive for $1.5 million in 1920.[38] George McKinlock donated $250,000 to have the campus named in honor of his son, Alexander McKinlock Jr. who had died in World War I, but his financial losses during the Great Depression prevented him from fulfilling his pledge, so the university forgave his debt and the name defaulted to the Chicago campus instead.[38][39] James Gamble Rogers was given a commission to create a master plan for the major buildings on the new campus which he designed in collegiate gothic style. In 1923, Mrs. Montgomery Ward donated $8 million to the campaign to finance the construction of the Montgomery Ward Memorial Building to house the medical and dental schools and to create endowments for faculty chairs, research grants, scholarships, and building maintenance.[40] The building would become the first skyscraper housing academic facilities in the United states.[37] In addition to the Ward Building, Rogers designed Wieboldt Hall to house facilities for the School of Commerce[41] and Levy Mayer Hall to house the School of Law.[42] The new campus comprising these three new buildings were dedicated during a two-day long ceremony in June 1927. The Chicago campus continued to expand with the addition of Thorn Hall in 1931 and Abbott Hall in 1939.[38][43]

Qatar

In fall 2008, Northwestern opened a campus in Education City, Doha, Qatar joining five other American universities: Carnegie Mellon University, Cornell University, Georgetown University, Texas A&M University, and Virginia Commonwealth University.[44] The Medill School of Journalism and School of Communication offer bachelors degrees in journalism and communication respectively.[45] The Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development provided funding for construction and administrative costs as well as support to hire 50 to 60 faculty and staff, some of whom will rotate between the Evanston and Qatar campuses.[46][47]

Sustainability

The 2010 Report by The Sustainable Endowments Institute awarded Northwestern a “B-” on its College Sustainability Report Card.[48] In January 2009, the Green Power Partnership (GPP, sponsored by the EPA) listed Northwestern as one of the top 10 universities in the country that purchase the most energy from renewable sources. A total of 40 million kWh, or 20% of the energy supplied to Northwestern’s Evanston and Chicago campuses is offset through the purchase of Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs).[49][50] The Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN), supporting research, teaching and outreach in these themes, was launched in 2008.[51]

Northwestern requires that all new buildings will be LEED-certified. Currently there are two LEED Certified buildings on campus: The Wieboldt School of Continuing Studies was awarded Gold LEED Certification in 2007, and the Ford Motor Company Engineering Design Center was awarded Silver LEED Certification in 2006. New construction and renovation projects will be designed to provide at least a 20% improvement over energy code requirements where technically feasible.[52] The university also released the Evanston Campus Framework Plan at the beginning of the 2008-2009 academic year, which outlines plans for future development of the Evanston Campus. The plan not only emphasizes the sustainable construction of buildings, but also discusses improving transportation by optimizing pedestrian and bicycle access.[53] Northwestern has had a comprehensive recycling program in place since 1990. Annually more than 1,500 tons are recycled at NU, which represents 26% of the waste produced on campus. Additionally, all landscape waste at NU is composted.[50]

Organization and administration

Northwestern is owned and governed by a privately-appointed board of trustees. The current board, composed of 70 members and chaired by William A. Osborn, delegates its power to an elected President to serve as the chief executive officer of the university.[54] Northwestern has had sixteen presidents in its history (excluding interim presidents), the current president, Morton O. Schapiro, an economist, having recently succeeded Henry Bienen, whose fourteen-year tenure ended on August 31, 2009.[55][56] [57] The president has a staff of 21 vice presidents, directors, and other assistants for administrative, financial, faculty, and student matters.[58] Daniel I. Linzer, provost since September 2007, serves under the president as the chief academic officer of the university to whom the deans of every academic school, leaders of cross-disciplinary units, and chairmen of the seventeen standing faculty committees must report.[59]

The University Senate is composed of all full-time faculty and makes recommendations on matters of educational policy, recommends candidates for honorary degrees, and can elect special committees such as the 22-member General Faculty Committee which serves as a liaison between the faculty and administration.[60][61] The Associated Student Government and Graduate Student Association are likewise the elected, representative liaison bodies for undergraduate and graduate students respectively to the university administration.[62][63]

Northwestern University is composed of 11 schools and colleges. The faculty for each school consists of the university president, provost, the dean of the school, and the instructional faculty. Faculty are responsible for teaching, research, advising students, and serving on committees. The admission requirements, degree requirements, course of study, disciplinary and degree recommendations are determined by the voting members of each school's faculty (assistant professor and above).[61]

In 2009, Northwestern's endowment decreased by 24.8% to $5.45 billion, making it the 8th-largest endowment of all American universities.[1] In the eleven year period between 1997 and 2007, the endowment grew by an average rate of 13.4%.[64] $187.9 million is gifts and other voluntary support were made to Northwestern in 2006–2007.[65] In 2003, Northwestern finished a five-year capital campaign which raised $1.55 billion, $150 million more than its goal. In 2007, the university sold its royalty interest in the pain relief drug Lyrica (developed at Northwestern by Professor Richard Bruce Silverman) for $700 million, the largest royalty sale in history,[66] and the proceeds placed in the endowment to support financial aid, research, and construction.[67]

Undergraduate and Graduate Programs Graduate and Professional
Evanston Campus Evanston Campus

Chicago Campus

Chicago Campus

Academics

Academic rankings
National
Forbes[68]17
U.S. News & World Report[69]12
Washington Monthly[70]39
Global
ARWU[71]29
THE[72]25

Northwestern is a large, highly residential research university.[7] Accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools and the respective national professional organizations for chemistry, psychology, business, education, journalism, music, engineering, law, and medicine,[73] the university offers 123 undergraduate programs and 145 graduate and professional programs.[5][6] NU conferred 2,089 bachelors degrees, 2,665 masters degrees, 462 doctoral degrees, and 416 professional degrees in 2006–2007.[3]

The four year, full-time undergraduate program comprises the majority of enrollments at the university and emphasizes instruction in the "arts & sciences/professions."[7] There is no required common core curriculum; individual degree requirements are set by the faculty of each school.[61] Northwestern's full-time undergraduate and graduate programs operate on an approximately 10 week academic quarter system with the primary three academic quarters beginning in late September and ending in early June. Undergraduates typically take four courses each quarter and twelve courses in an academic year.[74] Although undergraduates are required to complete at least 12 quarters on campus to graduate, Northwestern offers honors, accelerated, and joint degree programs in medicine, science, mathematics, engineering, and journalism.[75] The comprehensive doctoral graduate program has high coexistence with undergraduate programs.[7]

Undergraduates with grade point averages in the highest 3 percent of each graduating class are awarded degrees summa cum laude, the next 5 percent magna cum laude, and the next 8 percent cum laude.[76] Northwestern also has chapters of academic honor societies such as Phi Beta Kappa, Eta Kappa Nu, Tau Beta Pi, and Lambda Pi Eta.[76] Since 1951, Northwestern has awarded 520 honorary degrees to distinguished individuals.[77][78]

Undergraduate tuition for the 2008–2009 school year was $37,125.[79] Northwestern awards financial aid solely on the basis of need through loans, work-study, grants, and scholarships.[79][80] $213.8 million was offered in financial aid across the university's undergraduate and graduate programs, including $81 million from university funds, federal and state aid, and outside sources awarded to 3,380 undergraduates in 2007–2008.[79][80] Beginning in fall 2008, Northwestern replaced loans with grants for students with the greatest financial need, although only 9% of students qualify for Pell Grants.[81][82] 46% of Northwestern undergraduates graduate with student debt and the average debt is $18,393.[82]

Among the six undergraduate schools, 51.2% of undergraduate students are enrolled in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, 17.2% in the McCormick School of Engineering, 14.7% in the School of Communication, 8.4% in the Medill School of Journalism, 5.0% in the Bienen School of Music, and 3.4% in the School of Education.[83] The five most commonly awarded degrees are in economics, journalism, communication studies, psychology, and political science.[84] While professional students are affiliated with their respective schools, full-time graduate academic degrees are primarily administered by The Graduate School.[85][86] With 2,075 students enrolled in science, engineering, and health fields,[87] the largest graduate programs by enrollment include chemistry, integrated biology, material sciences, electrical engineering and computer science, neuroscience, and economics.[88] The Kellogg School of Management's MBA, School of Law's JD, and Feinberg School of Medicine's MD are the three largest professional degree programs by enrollment.[83]

Libraries and museums

University Library (1970) in brutalist style.

The Northwestern library system consists of four libraries on the Evanston campus including the central University Library, three libraries on the Chicago campus, and two libraries affiliated with Garrett-Evangelical and Seabury-Western Seminaries.[89] The Northwestern library contains over 4.6 million volumes, 4.5 million microforms, and 45,000 periodicals making it (by volume) the 30th-largest university library in North America and the 10th-largest library among private universities.[89][90] Library expenditures totaled $26.3 million in 2006 and over 100,000 volumes were added in the same year.[90] Notable collections in the library system include the Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies, one of the largest Africana collections in the world,[91] an extensive collection of early edition printed music and manuscripts as well as late-modern works, and an art collection noted for its 19th and 20th-century Western art and architecture periodicals.[92] The library system participates with twelve other universities in digitizing its collections as a part of the Google Book Search project.[92] The Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art is a major art museum in Chicago, containing more than 4,000 works in its permanent collection as well as dedicating a third of its space to temporary and traveling exhibitions.[93]

Research

Ford Motor Company Engineering Design Center (2005)

Northwestern was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1917 and remains a research university with "very high" research activity.[7][8] Northwestern's schools of management, engineering, and communication are among the most academically productive in the nation.[9] Northwestern manages research and development budgets that totaled $420.0 million in 2006, 34th among all universities and 13th among private universities in the United States.[10][94] $250.0 million originated from the federal government, $12.2 million from industry, $5.1 million from state and local governments, $44.5 million from other sources, and $108.2 million from Northwestern's own institutional funds, the third most among private universities nationwide.[10] Northwestern dedicates 839,000 square feet (77,900 m2) to science and engineering research space, predominately in the medical and biological sciences.[95] Northwestern spent $29.8 million on research in non-science and engineering fields like management, education, law, communication, and journalism in 2006, 12th most among all American universities.[96] $61.56 million in congressional earmarks were appropriated to Northwestern between 1990 and 2003 and $4.98 million in appropriations were granted in 2008.[97][98] Northwestern researchers disclosed 184 inventions, filed 158 patents applications, received 32 patents, started 9 companies, and generated $776 million in license income in 2008, although the latter is distorted by the $700 million sale of Lyrica to Pfizer, the largest royalty sale in history.[66][99]

NU is home to the Northwestern Institute for Complex Systems, Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, Materials Research Center, Institute for Policy Research, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Center for Catalysis and Surface Science, Buffet Center for International and Comparative Studies, the Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern [100] and the Argonne/Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center.[101]

Campus life

Traditions

The Rock in front of University Hall

Northwestern University is home to a number of student traditions. Painting The Rock (originally a fountain that was donated by the Class of 1902) is a way to advertise Greek organizations, student groups, and on-campus events.[102] Dance Marathon, a 30-hour philanthropic event, raises several hundred thousand dollars every winter. Primal Scream is held at 9 p.m. on the Sunday before finals week every quarter. For the event, students lean out windows or gather in court yards and scream at the top of their lungs.[103] Armadillo Day, or, more popularly, Dillo Day, is held on Northwestern's Lakefill every Spring on the weekend after Memorial Day.[103]

There are traditions long associated with football games. Students will growl in the manner of a wildcat when the opposing team controls the ball, while simulating a claw with their hands. Students will also jingle keys at the beginning of each kickoff. In the past, before the tradition was discontinued, students would throw marshmallows during football games.[104] The Clock Tower at the Rebecca Crown Center glows purple, instead of its usual white, after a winning game, and by so doing, proclaiming the happy news. The Clock Tower remains purple until a loss or until the end of the sports season. Whereas formerly the Clock Tower was lighted only for football victories, wins for men's basketball and women's lacrosse now merit commemoration as well; important victories in other sports may also prompt an empurpling.

Media

The Daily Northwestern is the main student newspaper. Established in 1881, and published on weekdays during the academic year, it is directed entirely by undergraduates. Although it serves the Northwestern community, the Daily has no business ties to the university, being supported wholly by advertisers. It is owned by the Students Publishing Company. Current circulation is in excess of 7,500.

North by Northwestern is an online magazine founded and run by undergraduates. It was established in September 2006 by students at the Medill School and is published on weekdays, with updates on breaking news stories and special events throughout the day and on weekends.

WNUR ((89.3 FM) is a 7,200 watt radio station that broadcasts to Chicago and its northern suburbs. WNUR's programming consists of music - jazz, classical, rock - varsity sports (football, men's and women's basketball, baseball, softball, and women's lacrosse), breaking news on weekdays, politics, current events, and literature.[citation needed]

Northwestern News Network, commonly known as NNN, is a student-produced television news report. It broadcasts news and sports programming three days a week during the academic year on NU Channel 1, online at nnntv.org, and weeknights at 10 p.m. on Evanston cable access channel 6.[citation needed]

Syllabus is the undergraduate yearbook. First published in 1885, the yearbook is an epitome of that year's events at Northwestern. Published by Students Publishing Company and edited by Northwestern students, it is distributed in late May.

Northwestern Flipside is an undergraduate satirical magazine. Founded in 2009, The Flipside publishes a weekly issue both in print and online.

Helicon is the university's undergraduate literary magazine. Started in 1979, it is published twice a year, a web issue in the Winter, and a print issue with a web complement in the Spring.

TriQuarterly Online (formerly TriQuarterly) is a literary magazine published twice a year featuring poetry, fiction, nonfiction, drama, literary essays, reviews, a blog, and graphic art.

Performing arts

Two annual productions are especially notable: the Waa-Mu show, and the Dolphin show. Waa-Mu is an original musical, written and produced almost entirely by students.[citation needed] Children's theater is represented on campus by Griffin’s Tale and Purple Crayon Players.[citation needed] Its umbrella organization—the Student Theatre Coalition, or StuCo—organizes the 9 fully-functioning student theatre companies, plus some other performance groups.[citation needed] Students produce over sixty independent productions each year.[citation needed] Many Northwestern alumni have used these productions as stepping stones to successful television and film careers. Chicago's Lookingglass Theatre was founded by several alumni, including David Schwimmer, and began in the Great Room in Jones Residential College.[citation needed]

Northwestern also has a variety of improv groups. The improv and sketch comedy group Mee-Ow lists Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Ana Gasteyer, Dermot Mulroney, Seth Meyers, John Cameron Mitchell, and Kristen Schaal among its alumni. Mee-Ow, The Titanic Players, and Out da Box, a multicultural comedy show, along with Northwestern's theatre department, have brought attention to Northwestern's improv comedy training and performance.[citation needed]

There are ten a cappella groups and a variety of dance companies on campus. The dance companies include Fusion Dance Company, Northwestern's premiere Hip-Hop Dance Crew; Graffiti Dancers, a dance group that focuses on jazz and modern; and Boomshaka, Northwestern's premiere drum and dance ensemble, combining body rhythm, drumming, and dance.[citation needed] Radio drama featuring student voice actors is a staple of WNUR's programming.[citation needed]

Service

Many Northwestern students are also heavily involved in community service. Annual events include Dance Marathon, a 30-hour event that raised over $917,000 for charity in 2009.[105] Another annual event, Project Pumpkin, is a Halloween celebration hosted by Northwestern Community Development Corps (NCDC), where over 800 local children are invited to campus for an afternoon of games and candy. NCDC connects hundreds of NU student volunteers to over 20 volunteer sites in Evanston and Chicago communities throughout the year.[citation needed] Many students have assisted with the Special Olympics and have taken alternative spring break trips to hundreds of service sites across the United States.[citation needed] Northwestern students also participate in the Freshman Urban Program, which is a special program for students who are interested in community service.[citation needed] A large and growing number of students participate in the university's Global Engagement Summer Institute (GESI), a group service-learning expedition in Asia, Africa, or Latin America, in conjunction with the Foundation for Sustainable Development.[106] Internationally recognized non-profit organizations have also been born at NU such as the World Health Imaging, Informatics and Telemedicine Alliance, which spun off from an engineering student's honors thesis.[107][108]

Housing

See also: List of Northwestern University residences

Northwestern has diverse student housing options, including both regular residence halls and specially-themed "Residential Colleges." Some residential colleges include community service-themed Residential College of Cultural and Community Studies (CCS), business-themed Ayers College of Commerce and Industry, Jones Residential College, dedicated to the arts, multi-themed Willard Residential College, science and engineering themed Slivka Residential College, the International Studies Residential College and the Communications Residential College (CRC) for students interested in communications.

In fall 2007, 27% of students were affiliated with a fraternity or a sorority.[109] Northwestern recognizes 21 fraternities and 18 sororities.[110]

Athletics

Main article: Northwestern Wildcats
2005 NCAA Women's Lacrosse Championship game between the Virginia Cavaliers and Northwestern Wildcats

Northwestern is a charter member of the Big Ten Conference and the only private institution in the conference. Currently, Northwestern fields 19 intercollegiate athletic teams (8 men's and 11 women's) in addition to numerous club sports.[2] The women's lacrosse team won five consecutive NCAA national championships between 2005 and 2009, went undefeated in 2005 and 2009, and holds several scoring records.[111][112] The men's basketball team is recognized by the Helms Athletic Foundation as the 1931 National Champion.[113] In the 2008–2009 school year, a total of 184 athletes received Academic All-Big Ten honors: 75 athletes in the fall season,[114] 41 in the winter season,[115] and 68 in the spring season.[116]

The football team plays at Ryan Field (formerly known as Dyche Stadium); the basketball and volleyball teams play at Welsh-Ryan Arena. Northwestern's athletic teams are nicknamed the Wildcats. Before 1924, they were known as "The Purple" and unofficially as "The Fighting Methodists." The name Wildcats was bestowed upon the university in 1924 by Wallace Abbey, a writer for the Chicago Daily Tribune who wrote that even in a loss to the University of Chicago, "Football players had not come down from Evanston; wildcats would be a name better suited to [Coach Glenn] Thistletwaite's boys." [117] The name was so popular that university board members made "wildcats" the official nickname just months later. In 1972, the student body voted to change the official nickname from "Wildcats" to "Purple Haze" but the new name never stuck.[118]

The Northwestern Athletics' mascot is Willie the Wildcat. However, the team's first mascot was not Willie, but a live, caged bear cub from the Lincoln Park Zoo named Furpaw. In fall 1923, Furpaw was driven to the playing field to greet the fans before each game. After a losing season, the team decided that Furpaw was the harbinger of bad luck and banished him from campus. Willie made his debut ten years later in 1933 as a logo, but did not actually come to life until 1947, when members of the Alpha Delta fraternity dressed up as him during the Homecoming parade. The Northwestern University Marching Band (NUMB) performs at all home football and lead cheers in the student section and the alma mater at the end of the game.

Ryan Field (1926), Northwestern's 49,000 seat football stadium

Although Northwestern's football team has made 73 appearances in the top 10 of the AP poll since 1936 (including 5 at #1) as well as winning eight Big 10 conference championships since 1903,[119][120][121] it also has a history of futility: its all-time record is 461-622-42 (0.428) giving it the all-time record for Division I-A losses.[121][122][123] Other dubious distinctions include being on the losing end of the greatest comeback in Division I-A history[124] and holding the record for the longest losing streak in Division I-A, losing 34 consecutive games between 1979 and 1982.[125][126] In 2004, Northwestern broke a 33-year losing streak (46 years at home) by defeating No. 7-ranked Ohio State 33-27.[127] After head coach Ara Parseghian left the program in 1964, the team did not appear in a bowl game until the 1996 Rose Bowl. Despite playing in the 1996 Rose Bowl, 1997 Citrus Bowl, 2000 Alamo Bowl, 2003 Motor City Bowl, 2005 Sun Bowl, 2008 Alamo Bowl, and 2010 Outback Bowl, the last bowl game Northwestern won was the 1949 Rose Bowl.[128] Following the sudden death of football coach Randy Walker in 2006,[129] 31-year old and former All-American Northwestern linebacker Pat Fitzgerald assumed the position becoming the youngest Division I FBS coach at the time.[130][131]

In 1998, two former Northwestern basketball players were charged and convicted for sports bribery as a result of being paid to shave points in games against three other Big 10 schools during the 1995 season.[132][133][134] The football team became embroiled in a different betting scandal later that year when federal prosecutors indicted four former players for perjury related to betting on their own games.[135] In August 2001, Rashidi Wheeler, a senior safety, collapsed and died during practice from an asthma attack.[136][137] An autopsy revealed that he had ephedrine, a stimulant banned by the NCAA, in his system which prompted Northwestern to investigate the prevalence of stimulants and other banned substances across all of its athletic programs.[138][139] In 2006, the Northwestern women's soccer team was suspended and coach Jenny Haigh resigned following the release of images of alleged hazing.[140][141]

People

Student body

Demographics of student body[142][143]
Undergraduate Postgraduate U.S. Census
African American 6.0% 4.0% 12.1%
Asian American 16.6% 9.9% 4.3%
White American 59.2% 46.0% 65.8%
Hispanic American 6.7% 3.1% 14.5%
Native American 0.1% 0.2% 0.9%
International student 5.0% 20.0% N/A

Northwestern enrolled 8,284 undergraduate, 8,249 graduate, and 1,495 professional students in the 2006–2007 academic year.[3] The undergraduate population is 51.6% female and represents 50 states and 50 countries.[3][144] Admissions are characterized as "more selective, lower transfer-in".[7] There were 21,930 applications for the undergraduate Class of 2011 (entering 2007): 5,872 were admitted (26.8%), 1,981 enrolled (33.7%), and 96.3% rematriculated as sophomores.[145] The interquartile range on the SAT was 2010–2270 and 85% ranked in the top ten percent of their high school class.[145] In 2007, Northwestern enrolled 249 National Merit Scholars as freshmen, the third-largest total in the nation.[146] 86% of students graduated after four years and 93% after six years.[3]

Faculty

Main article: List of Northwestern University faculty

The university employs 2,925 full-time faculty members and approximately 5,600 staff members among its eleven schools,[2] including 26 members of the National Academy of Sciences,[147] 74 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,[148] 21 members of the National Academy of Engineering,[149] and 6 members of the Institute of Medicine.[150] Notable current faculty include sexual psychologist J. Michael Bailey;[151] Holocaust denier Arthur Butz;[152] Federalist Society co-founder Steven Calabresi;[153] former-Weatherman Bernardine Rae Dohrn;[154] ethnographer Gary Alan Fine;[155] Kyoto Prize-winning philosopher Jürgen Habermas;[156] Templeton Prize-winner Charles Taylor;[157] Pulitzer Prize-winning historian Garry Wills;[158] genetic circadian clock discoverer Joseph Takahashi;[159][160] and MacArthur Fellowship recipients Stuart Dybek, Aleksandar Hemon, Jennifer Richeson, and Mary Zimmerman. Notable former faculty include political advisor David Axelrod,[161] artist Ed Paschke,[162] writer Charles Newman,[163] Nobel Laureate chemist John Pople,[164] and military sociologist and "don't ask, don't tell" author Charles Moskos.[165]

Alumni

Main article: List of Northwestern University alumni
Charlton Heston, Academy Award-winning actor, National Rifle Association President, B.S. '45

Northwestern has roughly 190,000 alumni, including many in business, government, law, science, education, medicine, media, and the performing arts. Among Northwestern's notable alumni are U.S. Senator and presidential candidate George McGovern, Nobel Prize-winning economist George J. Stigler, Nobel Prize-winning author Saul Bellow, and Presidential Prayer Breakfast founder Abraham Vereide. U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice John Paul Stevens, former Supreme Court Justice and Ambassador to the United Nations Arthur Joseph Goldberg, and politician Adlai Stevenson are among the graduates of the Northwestern University School of Law. Many Northwestern alumni play or have played important roles in Chicago and Illinois, such as former Illinois governor Rod Blagojevich, Chicago Bulls and Chicago White Sox owner Jerry Reinsdorf, and theater director Mary Zimmerman. Northwestern alumni David J. Skorton and Graham Spanier currently serve as president of Cornell University and Penn State University, respectively. Rahm Emanuel, an American politician and former White House Chief of Staff, earned his Masters in Speech and Communication from Northwestern 1985.

John Paul Stevens, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, J.D. '47

The film and theater programs of Northwestern's School of Communication have also produced a number of actors, actresses, and film and television writers and directors. Alumni who have made their mark on film and television include Ann-Margret, Warren Beatty, Paul Lynde, David Schwimmer, Anne Dudek, Zach Braff, Marg Helgenberger, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Jerry Orbach, Jerry Springer, Megan Mullally, Charlton Heston, William Daniels, Paula Prentiss, Richard Benjamin, Mara Brock Akil, Greg Berlanti, Dan Shor, Zooey Deschanel, Seth Meyers, Zach Gilford, Stephen Colbert and Garry Marshall. Directors who graduated from Northwestern include Gerald Freedman, Stuart Hagmann, Marshall W. Mason, and Mary Zimmerman. Lee Phillip Bell hosted a talk show in Chicago from 1952–1986 and co-created the Daytime Emmy Award winning soap operas The Young and the Restless in 1973 and The Bold and the Beautiful in 1987. Alumni such as Sheldon Harnick, Stephanie D'Abruzzo, Heather Headley, Kristen Schaal, Lily Rabe, and Walter Kerr have seen prominence on Broadway. Amsterdam-based comedy theater Boom Chicago was founded by Northwestern alumni, and the school has become a training ground for future The Second City, I.O., ComedySportz, Mad TV and Saturday Night Live talent.[166][167][168] Tam Spiva wrote scripts for The Brady Bunch and Gentle Ben. In cities such as New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago, the number of Northwestern alumni involved in theater, film, and television has led to perception of there being a "Northwestern mafia".[169][170]

Rahm Emanuel, former White House Chief of Staff, M.A. '85

The Medill School of Journalism has produced notable journalists and political activists including nine Pulitzer Prize laureates. National correspondents, reporters and columnists such as The New York Times's Elisabeth Bumiller, David Barstow, Dean Murphy, and Vincent Laforet, USA Today's Gary Levin, Susan Page and Christine Brennan, NBC correspondent Kelly O'Donnell, CBS correspondent Richard Threlkeld, CNN correspondents Nicole Lapin and Joie Chen, and ESPN personalities Rachel Nichols, Michael Wilbon, Mike Greenberg, J. A. Adande, and Kevin Blackistone.

Northwestern alumni involved in music include Steve Albini, Thomas Tyra, Andrew Bird, members of Arcade Fire, The Lawrence Arms, Chavez, and OK Go. Lastly, Northwestern alumni involved in professional sports include Rick Sund (NBA), Billy McKinney (NBA), Mark Loretta (MLB), Joe Girardi (MLB), Luis Castillo (NFL), Ernie Adams (NFL), Otto Graham (NFL), three-time Olympic medalist Matt Grevers, and PGA Tour star Luke Donald.

Notes and references

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  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "Common Data Set - Enrollment and persistence". Northwestern University. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
  4. ^ a b "Guidelines, Northwestern Identity System, Publications, Northwestern University". Retrieved 2010-08-04.
  5. ^ a b "Undergraduate Programs: A to Z Guide". Northwestern University. Retrieved 2009-12-02.
  6. ^ a b "Graduate and Professional Programs: A to Z Guide". Northwestern University. Retrieved 2009-12-02.
  7. ^ a b c d e f "Institutions: Northwestern University". The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
  8. ^ a b "Member Institutions and Years of Admission". Association of American Universities. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
  9. ^ a b "Top Research Universities Faculty Scholarly Productivity Index". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved 2009-05-17.
  10. ^ a b c "First 200 institutions ranked by FY 2006 R&D expenditures" (PDF). National Science Foundation. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  11. ^ Williamson & Wild 1976, pp. 5–6
  12. ^ "The Northwestern University Charter and Amendments" (PDF). Northwestern University. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
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  14. ^ a b "Keeping the Faith". Northwestern Magazine. Retrieved 2009-05-27.
  15. ^ Williamson & Wild 1976, pp. 10–11
  16. ^ Williamson & Wild 1976, pp. 6
  17. ^ "Perpetual Scholarships provided early university funding". Northwestern University. Archived from the original on 2007-08-03. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
  18. ^ Williamson & Wild 1976, pp. 23–28
  19. ^ Williamson & Wild 1976, pp. 83–84, 110
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