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Ray Milland
Milland in a publicity shot for Markham
Born
Alfred Reginald Jones

(1907-01-03)3 January 1907
Neath, Glamorgan, Wales
Died10 March 1986(1986-03-10) (aged 79)
Torrance, California, U.S.
Cause of deathLung cancer
NationalityWelsh
Other namesRay the Magnificent
Hollywood's Master Actor
Ole Milland
EducationKing's College School, Cardiff
Occupation(s)Actor, director
Years active1929–1985
SpouseMuriel Weber (m. 1932–1986) (1908-1992)
ChildrenDaniel (b.1940-1981)
Victoria (adopted)

Ray Milland (3 January 1907 – 10 March 1986)[1] was a Welsh actor and director.[2] His screen career ran from 1929 to 1985, and he is best remembered for his Academy Award–winning portrayal of an alcoholic writer in The Lost Weekend (1945), a sophisticated leading man opposite a corrupt John Wayne in Reap the Wild Wind (1942), the murder-plotting husband in Dial M for Murder (1954), and as Oliver Barrett III in Love Story (1970).

Before becoming an actor, Milland served in the Household Cavalry of the British Army, becoming a proficient marksman, horse-rider, and aeroplane pilot. He left the army to follow a career in acting and appeared as an extra in several British productions before getting his first major role in The Flying Scotsman. This led to a nine-month contract with MGM and he moved to the United States where he appeared as a stock actor. After being released by MGM he was picked up by Paramount, who used Milland in a range of lesser speaking parts, normally as an English character. He was loaned out to Universal in 1936 for a film called Three Smart Girls, and its success saw Milland given a lead role in The Jungle Princess alongside new starlet Dorothy Lamour. The film was a big success and catapulted both to stardom. Milland remained with Paramount for almost 20 years, and as well as his Oscar-winning role in The Lost Weekend, he is remembered for the films The Big Clock, The Major and the Minor, and The Thief, the last of which saw him nominated for a Golden Globe. After leaving Paramount, he began directing and ended his career moving into television.

Milland, who was at one time Paramount Pictures' highest paid actor, co-starred alongside many of the most popular actresses of the time including Gene Tierney, Grace Kelly, Lana Turner, Marlene Dietrich, Ginger Rogers, Jane Wyman, Loretta Young, and Veronica Lake.

Early life

Milland was born Alfred Reginald Jones (not Reginald Alfred John Truscott-Jones as has often been stated). His birth was registered in the First (Jan-Feb-Mar) Quarter of 1907[3] in Neath, Glamorgan, Wales, though some sources[4] still state 1905 as his birth year. He was the son of Elizabeth Annie (née Truscott) and Alfred Jones. In the 1911 census, the family was living at 66 Coronation Road, Mount Pleasant, Neath, Wales. Of his parents, Milland wrote in his 1974 autobiography Wide-Eyed in Babylon, "My father was not a cruel or harsh man. Just a very quiet one. I think he was an incurable romantic and consequently a little afraid of his emotions and perhaps ashamed of them... he had been a young hussar in the Boer War and had been present at the relief of Mafeking. He never held long conversations with anyone, except perhaps with me, possibly because I was the only other male in our family. The household consisted of my mother, a rather flighty and coquettish woman much concerned with propriety and what the neighbours thought."[5]

He was educated independently before attending the private King's College School, now Kings Monkton School, in Cardiff. He worked at his uncle's horse-breeding farm before leaving home at the age of 21.[6]

Career

Early years

Before becoming an actor, Milland served in the Household Cavalry. An expert shot, he became a member of his company's rifle team, winning many prestigious competitions, including the Bisley Match in England. While stationed in London, Milland met dancer Margot St. Leger, and through her was introduced to American actress Estelle Brody.[7] Brody queried Milland's commitment to an army career, which led to Milland buying himself out of the forces in 1928 in the hope of becoming an actor.[8]

His first appearance on film was as an uncredited extra on the Arnold Bennett film Piccadilly (1929). After some unproductive extra work, which never reached the screen, he took on the agent Frank Zeitlin on the recommendation of fellow fledgling actor Jack Raine.[8] It was his reputed prowess as a marksman that earned him work as an extra at the British International Pictures studio on Arthur Robison's 1929 production of The Informer.[9] While he was working on The Informer he was asked to test for a production being shot on a neighbouring stage. Milland made a good impression on director Castleton Knight and was hired for his first acting role as Jim Edwards, in The Flying Scotsman.[10] Milland, in his autobiography, recalls that it was on this film that it was suggested he adopt a stage name; and chose Milland from the Mill lands area of his Welsh home town of Neath.[11]

His work on The Flying Scotsman had impressed enough for him to be given a six-month contract, in which Milland starred in two more Knight directed films, The Lady from the Sea and The Plaything.[12] Believing that his acting was poor, and that he had won his film roles through his looks alone, Milland decided to gain some stage work to improve his art.[13] After hearing that club owner Bobby Page was financing a touring company, Milland approached him in hope of work. He was given the role of second lead, in a production of Sam Shipman and Max Marcin's The Woman in Room 13. Despite being released from the play after five weeks, Milland felt that he had gained valuable acting experience.[14]

Move to America 1930-1932

In between stage work, Milland was approached by MGM vice-president Robert Rubin, who had seen the film The Flying Scotsman.[15] MGM offered Milland a nine-month contract, based in Hollywood, and he accepted, leaving the United Kingdom in August 1930.[16] MGM started Milland out as a 'stock' player, selecting him for small speaking parts in mainstream productions.[17] Milland's first introduction to a Hollywood film resulted in a humiliating scene on the set of Son of India, when the film's director Jacques Feyder berated Milland's acting in front of the entire crew.[18] Despite this setback, the studio executives talked Milland into staying in Hollywood and in 1930 he appeared in his first US film Passion Flower.[19] Over the next two years Milland appeared in minor parts for MGM, as well as a few films loaned out to Warner Brothers, often uncredited. His largest role during this period was as Charles Laughton's nephew in Payment Deferred (1932). While in this first period working in the United States, Milland met Muriel Frances Weber, who he always called "Mal", a student at University of Southern California. Within eight months of first meeting, the two were married on 30 September 1932 at the Riverside Mission Inn.[20] The couple had a son, Daniel, and a daughter, Victoria (adopted). Shortly after Payment Deferred, Milland found himself out of work when MGM dropped their option to renew his contract. He spent five months in the US attempting to find further acting work, but after little success, and a strained relationship with his father-in-law, he decided to head back to England hoping that two years spent in Hollywood would lead to roles in British films.[21] Milland cashed in his contracted first-class return ticket to Britain and found an alternative cheaper way back home. Muriel remained in the States to finish her studies, and Milland found temporary accommodation in Earl's Court in London.

Rise to lead actor 1933-1936

Milland found life in Britain difficult with little regular work, though he finally found parts in two British films, This is the Life and Orders is Orders. Neither were breakthrough roles. Then, in 1933, Roosevelt's reforms to the American banking sector led to a temporary weakness in the dollar allowing Milland to afford a return to the United States.[22] He returned to California, and found a small flat on Sunset Boulevard, promising Muriel that he would buy a home once he was financially stable. With little prospect of finding acting work, Milland took on menial jobs including working in a bookie's. He decided to find regular employment and through connections made in his time in England, he was offered the role of an assistant manager of a Shell petrol station on Sunset and Clark.[23] On his return from his successful Shell interview he passed by the gates of Paramount Pictures, where he was approached by casting director Joe Egli. Paramount were filming a George Raft picture Bolero, but an injury to an English actor had left the studio looking for an urgent replacement. Egli offered Milland a two-week contract, at ten times the salary the assistant job would pay. Milland took the acting role.

Dorothy Lamour, Milland's co-star in The Jungle Princess

After completing Bolero, Milland was offered a five-week guarantee by Benjamin Glazer to work on an upcoming screwball comedy starring Bing Crosby and Carole Lombard entitled We're Not Dressing. During filming he appeared in a scene with George Burns and Gracie Allen, which Milland recalls as falling into an "ad-libbed shambles", which he felt was better than the original script. The film's director Norman Taurog was so impressed that he rang the chief production executive and suggested that Milland be placed on a long term contact. After a short meeting, Milland was offered a seven-year deal with Paramount. The contract gave Milland a secure income and he and Muriel moved into an apartment on Fountain.

During his first contract with Paramount, Milland was used as part of the speaking cast, but never as a top of the bill actor. In 1936 he was contacted by Joe Pasternak who was looking for an 'English' actor for the lead in his new picture, Three Smart Girls. Although Pasternak worked for Universal Studios, Paramount had agreed to loan Milland out for the film.[24] On returning to Paramount after Three Smart Girls was wrapped, Milland was again cast in bit-part roles. He was then used as a test actor to find a new starlet for The Jungle Princess. When the studio chose Dorothy Lamour for the lead, Milland wrote in his autobiography that Lamour was confused to find that he was not to be her male lead and she requested Milland to be her co-star. Paramount were not keen, but when Three Smart Girls was released to rave reviews they gave Milland the role.[25]

The Jungle Princess was a huge success, launching Lamour's career and leading to two further films in the same genre, Her Jungle Love and Tropic Holiday, starring the same actors but in different roles. During this period Milland was loaned out to Universal for one more feature, Next Time We Love with James Stewart and Margaret Sullavan. By the end of 1936, Milland was now being considered for leading roles, and Paramount rewrote his contract, resulting in the tripling of his salary.[26]

As leading man 1937-1944

After returning from a break in Europe, Milland was cast as Captain Hugh "Bulldog" Drummond in Bulldog Drummond Escapes (1937). This was followed by another lead role in Gilded Lily, directed by Wesley Ruggles who had started Milland out in Bolero. A heavy work load followed with Milland completing Ebb Tide for Paramount and a couple of loan-outs to Universal and Columbia Pictures. These were followed by Hotel Imperial (1939) in which Milland suffered a near-fatal accident on the set. One scene called for him to lead a cavalry charge through a small village. An accomplished horseman, Milland insisted upon doing this scene himself. As he was making a scripted jump on the horse, his saddle came loose, sending him flying straight into a pile of broken masonry. Milland awoke in hospital where he remained for a week with a badly damaged left hand, a three-inch gash to his head and concussion.[27] Milland completed 1939 with an appearance as John Geste in Beau Geste alongside Gary Cooper and Robert Preston and Everything Happens at Night with Sonja Henie.

According to Milland, 1939 also resulted in a second injury to his left hand. As well as horse riding Milland enjoyed piloting aircraft and in his early career would loan out single-seater planes.[28] As a contracted starring actor Paramount had insisted he give up this hobby.[29] Instead Milland took up woodworking and outfitted a machine shop at the back of his newly built house. While operating a circular blade, he slipped catching one of his hands on the saw. The injury resulted in Milland losing a part of his thumb and severely damaging his tendons.[29] Milland believed that the injury left him with only 50 percent usage of his hand, but within weeks of the incident he flew to England to star in French Without Tears.[30] By the time he returned to America, War was declared in Europe. The year finished with the news that Muriel was pregnant with their son Daniel.

Milland with Paulette Goddard in Reap the Wild Wind (1942)

In 1940 Milland appeared in a selection of romantic comedies and dramas alongside some of the leading ladies of the time, including Irene opposite Anna Neagle, Arise, My Love with Claudette Colbert and Untamed with Patricia Morison. When the United States entered the Second World War, Milland tried to enlist in the U.S. Army Air Forces, but was rejected because of his impaired left hand. He worked as a civilian flight instructor for the Army, and toured with a United Service Organisation (USO) South Pacific troupe in 1944.

As the Second World War continued, Milland found himself now appearing in more action orientated pictures. He starred as a wannabe pilot in 1941's I Wanted Wings with Brian Donlevy and William Holden. This was followed by Cecil B. DeMille's Reap the Wild Wind (1942) alongside John Wayne. During the filming Milland's character was to have curly hair. Milland's hair was naturally straight, so the studio used hot curling irons on his hair to achieve the effect. Milland felt that it was this procedure that caused him to go prematurely bald, forcing him to go from leading man to supporting player earlier than he would have wished.[citation needed]

1943 saw Milland appear in the all-star musical Star Spangled Rhythm, in which he appeared as himself singing "If Men Played Cards as Women Do" alongside Fred MacMurray, Franchot Tone and Lynne Overman. He also made an appearance in the collaborative drama Forever and a Day. In 1944 he appeared in the supernatural film The Uninvited and the Fritz Lang film noir production Ministry of Fear.

The Lost Weekend - 1945

The pinnacle of Milland's career and acknowledgment of his serious dramatic abilities came in 1945 when he starred in The Lost Weekend. Milland recalled how after returning from an emcee engagement in Peru, he found a book delivered to his home, with a note from Paramount's head of production Buddy DeSylva, which read "Read it. Study it. You're going to play it."[31] Milland found the book unsettling and felt that its subject matter, that of an alcoholic writer, challenging and alien to him. He was also concerned that it would require 'serious acting' something that he believed he had not undertaken to that point in his career.[32] The film was to be produced by Charles Brackett and directed by Billy Wilder, the two men also collaborating to write the screenplay.[33] Milland had already worked with both men, having starred in the 1942 comedy The Major and the Minor, and he was excited by their involvement.

Milland in character as Don Birnam in The Lost Weekend (1945)

Milland's first concern with taking on the role of Don Birnam in The Lost Weekend was that he might overact and look amateurish. After a shambolic attempt to act parts of the script while actually drunk Milland quickly realized that he needed to understand alcoholism.[34] After the cast and crew had arrived on location in New York, Milland was allowed to spend a night in a psychiatric ward of Bellevue Hospital where the patients were suffering from alcoholism and delirium tremens. He found the experience extremely disturbing and left at three in the morning.[35] Milland lost eight pounds for the role and spoke with the book's author Charles R. Jackson to gain insight into the illness.[36] After the external shots in New York were complete, in which hidden cameras were used to capture Milland walking the streets, the crew returned to Hollywood. Milland found the set work far more challenging, knowing that the close-ups would give his acting no place to hide. Between the strain of acting and the morbidity of the subject, Milland's home life deteriorated and he left for a period of two weeks.[37] When the shoot was over, he and Muriel left for a vacation in Canada.

Returning to filming, Milland was assigned to a historical drama called Kitty. This was followed by a romantic caper The Well-Groomed Bride opposite Olivia de Havilland. Many of the crew members on The Well-Groomed Bride had also worked on The Lost Weekend, and Milland recalled an encounter with a sound mixer who told him he had seen a rough cut of Weekend and that not only was Milland a sure nomination for an Academy Award, but he thought he would win. Milland had not considered himself worthy of an award but over the next few months he thought of little else, and was desperate to be nominated. After the first preview, reaction was mixed with Brackett stating that they had produced "something really worthwhile".[38] Milland found the feedback to his role congratulatory but hushed, leading him to feel the film would bomb as a piece of cinema and would be seen as a social document.[38] When the film was released in New York, the favourable reviews took the studio by surprise. Milland was lauded and he not only won that year's Academy Award for Best Actor but also the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor, the National Board of Review Award for Best Actor and the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor. He was the first Welsh actor to win an Oscar and when he collected the award from Ingrid Bergman he gave one of the shortest acceptance speeches of any Oscar winner.[39] His performance was so convincing that Milland was beleaguered for years by rumours that he actually was an alcoholic.[6] The actor claimed he was not.

Milland's success in The Lost Weekend resulted in his contract being rewritten and he became Paramount's highest salaried actor. When the film was premiered across Europe, Milland was sent to attend each opening.[40] When he appeared in Cardiff, the largest city in Wales, he was given the key to the city.[41]

1945-1954

Milland continued in his role as lead man after his Oscar win, and stayed contracted to Paramount until the early 1950s. In the late 1940s he appeared opposite Marlene Dietrich in Golden Earrings (1947) and Teresa Wright in The Trouble with Women. During the same period he starred in four John Farrow pictures, California (1947), The Big Clock (1948), Alias Nick Beal (1949), and Copper Canyon. He also worked with George Cukor who directed him in A Life of Her Own alongside Lana Turner.

In 1951, he gave a strong performance in Close to My Heart, starring with Gene Tierney as a couple trying to adopt a child. Also that year he was directed by Jacques Tourneur in Circle of Danger, set in the United Kingdom; it was the only time he filmed in his home country of Wales.[39] The next year he appeared in The Thief in a role with no dialogue, for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe. In 1954, he starred opposite Grace Kelly and Robert Cummings in Alfred Hitchcock's only 3D movie, Dial M for Murder. Although never admitted by either, rumours were rife at the time that Kelly and Milland were engaged in an affair, fuelled by notorious gossip columnist Hedda Hopper.[42][43][44]

As director and television work 1955-1985

After leaving Paramount Milland concentrated on directing. His first, a 1955 Western entitled A Man Alone centered around the aftermath of a stagecoach robbery. This was followed by Lisbon; a crime drama starring Maureen O'Hara and Claude Rains. Both films were distributed by Republic Pictures. Due to his experience as a film director, he achieved much success directing for television. He also made many television appearances. He starred from 1953–1955 with Phyllis Avery and Lloyd Corrigan in the CBS sitcom Meet Mr. McNutley in the role of a college English and later drama professor at fictitious Lynnhaven College. The program was renamed in its second season as The Ray Milland Show. From 1959–1960, Milland starred in the CBS detective series Markham, but the program failed to capture an audience even though it followed the hit western Gunsmoke.

Do what you can with what you've got. I know actors from my generation who sit at home and cry 'Why don't they send me any scripts?' I tell them, 'Because you still think of yourself as a leading man. You're 68, not 28. Face it.'[6]

– Milland explaining his philosophy on becoming a character actor towards the end of his career.

In 1966 Milland took the lead in the Broadway play Hostile Witness directed by Reginald Denham. The play ran from February until July of that year, and in 1968 he reprised his role of Simon Crawford, Q.C. in a film of the same title, which he also directed.

He made few films in the early 1960s but of those he appeared in, three have become cult classics. He appeared in two Roger Corman pictures; the first was The Premature Burial (1962) - the third of Corman's 'Poe Cycle'. He followed this as Dr. Xavier in X: The Man with the X-Ray Eyes (1963). The third of these cult favourites was his self-directed, apocalyptic sci-fi drama Panic in Year Zero!. He returned as a film character actor in the late 60s and the 70s, notably in the cult classic Daughter of the Mind (1969), in which he was reunited with Gene Tierney, and in the role of Oliver Barrett III, in both Love Story (1970) and its sequel Oliver's Story (1978).

In the late 1960s, Milland hosted rebroadcasts of certain episodes of the syndicated Western anthology series, Death Valley Days under the title Trails West; the series' original host had been Ronald Reagan. He also turned in an appearance as a hand surgeon in the Night Gallery episode "The Hand of Borgus Weems." Toward the end of his life, Milland appeared twice as Jennifer Hart's father in ABC's Hart to Hart, with Robert Wagner and Stefanie Powers. He appeared in two episodes of Columbo (once as the murderer), in 1971 and 1972, and guest starred as Sire Uri in the pilot episode of the original Battlestar Galactica television series.[45]

Personal life

Milland was married to Muriel Frances Weber, from 1932 until his death in 1986. They had a son, Daniel (b.1940) and an adopted daughter, Victoria. Milland was rumoured to have had an affair with co-star Grace Kelly, whilst filming Dial M for Murder.[46][47]

Milland had a tattoo on his upper right arm of a skull with a snake curled up on top of it with the tail of the snake sticking out through one of the eyes. The tattoo can be seen for a brief moment in the movie Her Jungle Love (1938).

Milland's son, Daniel Milland, appeared in several minor acting roles in the 1960s. He died in March 1981, at the age of 41, in an apparent suicide. An AR-7 .22 calibre Survival Rifle was found next to him on his bed and he had a wound to his head.[48]

Milland died of lung cancer in Torrance, California, on 10 March 1986, aged 79. He was survived by his wife, the former Muriel Weber, and his daughter.[6]

Filmography

Main article: Ray Milland filmography

Radio appearances

Year Programme Episode/source
1946 This Is Hollywood The Seventh Veil[49]
1946 Screen Guild Players The Lost Weekend[50]
1953 Lux Radio Theatre Close to My Heart[51]

References

  1. ^ Parkinson 2011.
  2. ^ "Top 10 Welsh actors: Ray Milland". BBC WalesArts website. BBC. 5 March 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
  3. ^ "Index entry". FreeBMD. ONS. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  4. ^ Flint, Peter B. (11 March 1986). "Ray Milland dies; won Oscar for 'Lost Weekend'". New York Times. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
  5. ^ Milland (1974), p.23
  6. ^ a b c d Flint, Peter B. (11 March 1986). "Ray Milland Dies". nytimes.com. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
  7. ^ Milland (1974) pp.75-78
  8. ^ a b Milland (1974) pp.78-84
  9. ^ Berry (1996), p.257
  10. ^ Milland (1974) pp.93-94
  11. ^ Milland (1974) p.95
  12. ^ Milland (1974) p.96
  13. ^ Milland (1974) p.101
  14. ^ Milland (1974) p.102
  15. ^ Milland (1974), p.109
  16. ^ Milland (1974), p.112
  17. ^ Milland (1974), p.126
  18. ^ Milland (1974), p.122
  19. ^ Milland (1974), pp.124-6
  20. ^ Milland (1974), pp.139-41
  21. ^ Milland (1974), p.148
  22. ^ Milland (1974), pp.155-57
  23. ^ Milland (1974), p.162
  24. ^ Milland (1974), pp.172-74
  25. ^ Milland (1974), pp.175-76
  26. ^ Milland (1974), p.178
  27. ^ Milland (1974), p.189
  28. ^ Milland (1974), pp.170-72
  29. ^ a b Milland (1974), p.192
  30. ^ Milland (1974), p.193
  31. ^ Milland, (1974) p.211
  32. ^ Milland, (1974) p.212
  33. ^ "2011 National Film Registry More Than a Box of Chocolates". loc.gov. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
  34. ^ Milland, (1974) p.214
  35. ^ Milland, (1974) pp.216-7
  36. ^ Milland, (1974) p.218
  37. ^ Milland, (1974) p.219
  38. ^ a b Milland, (1974) p.223
  39. ^ a b Davies, John; Jenkins, Nigel; Menna, Baines; Lynch, Peredur I., eds. (2008). The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. p. 557. ISBN 978-0-7083-1953-6.
  40. ^ Milland, (1974) p.228
  41. ^ Milland, (1974) p.229
  42. ^ Rosenthal, Donna (24 April 1987). "The Private Eyeful Of Grace Kelly The Biographer Telling Tales Of Problems In The Past - And In The Palace". philly.com. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
  43. ^ Wallis, Sara (14 April 2007). "Grace Kelly Exposed". mirror.co.uk. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
  44. ^ Norman, Neil (27 June 2009). "Grace Kelly; Innocent flirt or nymphomaniac". express.co.uk. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
  45. ^ Muir, John Kenneth (2005). An Analytical Guide to Television's Battlestar Galactica. McFarland. p. 54. ISBN 9781476606569.
  46. ^ Churcher, Sharon (26 January 2013). "Lonely and desperate, how Grace Kelly tried to escape her cruel sham of a fairytale marriage". dailymail.co.uk. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  47. ^ Wallis, Sara (14 April 2007). "Grace Kelly Exposed". mirror.co.uk. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  48. ^ "Milland death suicide". The Montreal Gazette (UPI). 27 March 1981. p. 52. Retrieved 5 April 2011.
  49. ^ "Ray Milland, Ann Todd, Co-Star on 'This Is Hollywood' Premiere Tonight". Harrisburg Telegraph. 5 October 1946. p. 17. Retrieved 2 October 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  50. ^ "Those Were the Days". Nostalgia Digest. 39 (1): 32–41. Winter 2013.
  51. ^ Kirby, Walter (1 March 1953). "Better Radio Programs for the Week". The Decatur Daily Review. p. 46. Retrieved 23 June 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon

Bibliography

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