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1816–17 United States House of Representatives elections

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United States House of Representatives elections, 1816

← 1814 April 30, 1816 - August 14, 1817[Note 1] 1818 →

All 185[Note 2] seats to the United States House of Representatives
93 seats were needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Henry Clay Timothy Pitkin
Party Democratic-Republican Federalist
Leader's seat Kentucky-2nd Connecticut-AL
Last election 119 seats 64 seats
Seats won 145[Note 2][Note 3] 40[Note 3]
Seat change Increase 26 Decrease 24

Speaker before election

Henry Clay
Democratic-Republican

Elected Speaker

Henry Clay
Democratic-Republican

Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 15th Congress were held in the various states between April 1816 (in New York) and August 14, 1817 (in North Carolina). The Congress first met on December 1, 1817.

The Democratic-Republican Party made significant gains during this election cycle, which helped to usher in what is known as the Era of Good Feelings under President James Monroe, who was elected that year. The Federalist Party was in a state of collapse, in part because of the secessionist doctrine espoused by some party members from New England at the Hartford Convention of 1814–15. This created an almost treasonous image of the Federalist party outside its base in urban New England. The War of 1812 concluded in 1815 with a feeling of national pride, since the small American military had fought the much more powerful British forces to a stalemate. The end of the war and the foolhardy posturing of New England Federalists led voters to rally around the dominant Democratic-Republicans and usher in a period of nonpartisan, consensus governance, despite the remnants of party divisions.

The proportion of seats held by the Federalist party in the House of Representatives fell to less than a quarter. Even at that, the election of 1816 gave them the highest proportion of seats that they were ever able to secure before the national party ceased to function as of 1824. In the same period, the Democratic-Republicans enjoyed majorities never again approached by any American political party until the era of Reconstruction in the late 1860s.

Election summaries

The States of Mississippi and Illinois were admitted during the 15th Congress, adding one seat each.[1][2] Mississippi was represented for most of both sessions, while Illinois was only represented during the 2nd session.

145 40
Democratic-Republican Federalist
State Type Date Total
seats
Democratic-
Republican
Federalist
Seats Change Seats Change
Connecticut At-large September 16, 1816 7 0 Steady 7 Steady
Delaware At-large October 7, 1816 2 1 Increase1 1 Decrease1
Georgia At-large October 7, 1816 6 6 Steady 0 Steady
Kentucky District (10) August 5, 1816 10 10 Steady 0 Steady
Louisiana At-large July 1–3, 1816 1 1 Steady 0 Steady
Maryland District (8[Note 4]) October 6, 1816 9 5 Increase1 4 Decrease1
Massachusetts District (20) November 4, 1816[Note 5] 20 9 Increase7 11 Decrease7
New Hampshire At-large August 26, 1816 6 6 Increase6 0 Decrease6
New Jersey At-large November 4–5, 1816 6 6 Steady 0 Steady
New York District (21[Note 6]) April 30 – May 2, 1816 27 22 Increase1 5 Decrease1
Ohio District (6) October 8, 1816 6 5 Decrease1 1 Increase1
Pennsylvania District (15[Note 6]) October 8, 1816 23 19 Increase1 4 Decrease1
Rhode Island At-large August 27, 1816 2 0 Steady 2 Steady
South Carolina District (9) October 14–15, 1816 9 9 Increase1 0 Decrease1
Vermont At-large September 3, 1816 6 6 Increase6 0 Decrease6
1817 elections
Indiana At-large August 4, 1817 1 1 Steady 0 Steady
Mississippi At-large August 4–5, 1817 1 1 Increase1 0 Steady
North Carolina District (13) August 14, 1817 13 11 Steady 2 Steady
Tennessee District (6) August 7–8, 1817 6 6 Steady 0 Steady
Virginia District (23) April, 1817 23 20 Increase1 3 Decrease1
1818 elections
Illinois At-large September 17–19, 1818 1 1 Increase1 0 Steady
Total[Note 2] 185 145[Note 3]
78.4%
Increase26 40[Note 3]
21.6%
Decrease24
House seats
D-R
78.38%
Federalist
21.62%

Late elections to the 14th Congress

Indiana was admitted as a state of the Union on December 11, 1816,[3] during the Second Session of the 14th United States Congress.

District Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates
Indiana at-large None (District created) New seat
Democratic-Republican gain
William Hendricks (DR) 80.2%
Allen Thom 19.7%

Hendricks took his seat on December 11, 1816.

Complete returns

Illinois elected its first representative in 1818

District Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates
Connecticut at-large
7 seats on a general ticket
Benjamin Tallmadge Federalist 1801 (special) Retired
Federalist hold
Sylvanus Backus (F) 13.7%
Samuel B. Sherwood (F) 9.0%
Charles Dennison (F) 8.9%
Timothy Pitkin (F) 8.8%
Thomas Scott Williams (F) 7.1%
Jonathan O. Moseley (F) 7.0%
Uriel Holmes (F) 6.7%

Ebenezer Huntington[Note 7] (F) 6.6%
Lyman Law (F) 6.4%
Lewis B. Sturges (F) 6.2%
Epaphroditus Champion (F) 5.9%
Asa Bacon Jr. (F) 5.4%
Nathaniel Terry[Note 7] (F) 4.4%
Sylvester Gilbert[Note 7] (DR) 4.2%
Jonathan O. Moseley Federalist 1804 Re-elected
Epaphroditus Champion Federalist 1806 Lost re-election
Federalist hold
Timothy Pitkin Federalist 1805 (special) Re-elected
Lewis B. Sturges Federalist 1805 (special) Lost re-election
Federalist hold
John Davenport Federalist 1798 Retired
Federalist hold
Lyman Law Federalist 1810 Lost re-election
Federalist hold

Sylvanus Backus (F) died on February 15, 1817, and Charles Dennison declined to serve. A special election was held to fill the resulting vacancies, which elected Ebenezer Huntington (F) and Nathaniel Terry (F).

Uriel Holmes (F) resigned in 1818, and was replaced in a special election by Sylvester Gilbert (DR).

District Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates[Note 8]
Delaware at-large
2 seats on a general ticket
Thomas Clayton Federalist 1814 Lost re-election
Federalist hold
Louis McLane (F) 24.0%
Willard Hall (DR) 23.6%

Caesar A. Rodney (DR) 23.5%
Caleb Rodney (F) 23.0%
Thomas Clayton (F) 3.3%
Thomas Cooper (F) 2.6%
Thomas Cooper Federalist 1812 Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican gain
District Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates
Georgia at-large
6 seats on a general ticket
Wilson Lumpkin Democratic-Republican 1814 Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican hold
William Terrell (DR) 10.9%
Joel Crawford (DR) 10.5%
Joel Abbot (DR) 9.6%
Zadock Cook (DR) 8.4%
Thomas W. Cobb (DR) 8.2%
John Forsyth (DR) 7.9%

John Dooly 7.3%
Richard Henry Wilde (DR) 7.0%
Homer Virgil Milton 6.8%
Wilson Lumpkin (DR) 6.8%
Alfred Cuthbert (DR) 6.4%
Allen Daniel 6.3%
Thomas Telfair (DR) 2.3%
James Wood 1.6%
Richard Henry Wilde Democratic-Republican 1814 Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican hold
Bolling Hall Democratic-Republican 1810 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Zadock Cook Democratic-Republican 1816 (special) Re-elected
John Forsyth Democratic-Republican 1812 Re-elected
Thomas Telfair Democratic-Republican 1812 Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican hold

John Forsyth (DR) resigned on November 23, 1818, after being elected to the Senate. A special election was held on January 4, 1819, to fill the vacancies left in both the remainder of the 15th Congress and in the 16th Congress to which he had been re-elected before his resignation.

District Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates
Indiana at-large William Hendricks Democratic-Republican 1816 Re-elected William Hendricks (DR) 60.1%
Thomas Posey (DR) 39.9%
District Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates
Kentucky 1 Previous incumbent James Clark (DR) resigned by August, 1816 Democratic-Republican hold David Trimble (DR) 55.3%
George Stockton 44.7%
Kentucky 2 Henry Clay Democratic-Republican 1810
1814
Re-elected Henry Clay (DR) 57.6%
John Pope (DR) 42.4%
Kentucky 3 Richard M. Johnson Democratic-Republican 1806 Re-elected Richard M. Johnson (DR) 56.6%
Benjamin Taylor (F) 43.4%
Kentucky 4 Joseph Desha Democratic-Republican 1806 Re-elected Joseph Desha (DR) 56.1%
William Garrard 43.9%
Kentucky 5 Alney McLean Democratic-Republican 1814 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Anthony New (DR) 64.4%
Benjamin W. Patton 35.6%
Kentucky 6 Solomon P. Sharp Democratic-Republican 1812 Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican hold
David Walker (DR) 54.2%
William Thompson 37.7%
Solomon P. Sharp (DR) 8.2%
Kentucky 7 Samuel McKee Democratic-Republican 1808 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
George Robertson (DR) 62.3%
Robert Caldwell 37.7%
Kentucky 8 Stephen Ormsby Democratic-Republican 1810 Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican hold
Richard C. Anderson, Jr. (DR) 56.8%
Edward George 34.6%
Stephen Ormsby (DR) 8.6%
Kentucky 9 Micah Taul Democratic-Republican 1814 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Tunstal Quarles[Note 9] (DR)
Rife[Note 10]
Kentucky 10 Benjamin Hardin Democratic-Republican 1814 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Thomas Speed (DR) 42.3%
James Crutcher 31.2%
John Lancaster 26.5%
District Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates
Louisiana at-large Thomas B. Robertson Democratic-Republican 1812 Re-elected Thomas B. Robertson (DR) 100%

On April 20, 1818, Thomas B. Robertson (DR) resigned and was replaced in a special election by Thomas Butler (DR).

District Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates[Note 8]
Maryland 1 Philip Stuart Federalist 1810 Re-elected Philip Stuart (F) 99.1%
Maryland 2 John C. Herbert Federalist 1814 Re-elected John C. Herbert (F) 50.6%
Joshua Barney (DR) 49.2%
Maryland 3 Previous incumbent Alexander C. Hanson (F) resigned after being elected to the Senate Federalist hold George Peter[Note 11] (F) 46.0%
Charles Kilgour (F) 30.4%
Nicholas Snethen (DR) 23.6%
Maryland 4 George Baer, Jr. Federalist 1796
1814
Retired
Democratic-Republican gain
Samuel Ringgold (DR) 53.6%
Matthew Van Lear (F) 46.3%
Maryland 5
Plural district with 2 seats
Samuel Smith Democratic-Republican 1792
1816 (special)
Re-elected Samuel Smith[Note 11] (DR) 42.0%
Peter Little[Note 11] (DR) 31.4%

Tobias Stansbury (DR) 26.6%
Previous incumbent William Pinkney (DR) resigned April 18, 1816 Democratic-Republican hold
Maryland 6 Stevenson Archer Democratic-Republican 1811 (special) Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican hold
Philip Reed (DR) 51.5%
Stevenson Archer (DR) 48.5%
Maryland 7 Robert Wright Democratic-Republican 1810 (special) Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Thomas Culbreth (DR) 50.8%
William Potter (F) 49.2%
Maryland 8 Charles Goldsborough Federalist 1804 Retired
Federalist hold
Thomas Bayly (F) 51.7%
Ephraim King Wilson (F) 46.6%
Thomas Williams (DR) 1.8%

Massachusetts' electoral law required a majority for election. In five districts this was not met on the first election, requiring additional trials to be held.

District[Note 12] Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates
First trial Second trial Third trial Fourth trial Fifth trial Sixth trial
Massachusetts 1
Known as the Suffolk district
Artemas Ward Jr. Federalist 1812 Retired
Federalist hold
James Lloyd (F) 98.0%
Benjamin Austin (DR) 2.0%
Massachusetts 2
Known as the Essex South district
Timothy Pickering Federalist 1812 Retired
Democratic-Republican gain
Nathaniel Silsbee (DR) 50.5%
Thomas Stevens (F) 49.5%
Massachusetts 3
Known as the Essex North district
Jeremiah Nelson Federalist 1804
1814
Re-elected William B. Banister (F) 44.0%
Thomas Kitteridge (DR) 39.4%
Samuel L. Knapp (F) 9.7%
Ebenezer Moseley (F) 5.7%
Jeremiah Nelson (F) 1.2%
William B. Banister (F) 46.0%
Thomas Kitteridge (DR) 39.0%
Jeremiah Nelson (F) 11.8%
Others 3.2%
Jeremiah Nelson (F) 57.7%
Thomas Kitteridge (DR) 33.9%
Others 8.4%
Massachusetts 4
Known as the Middlesex district
Asahel Stearns Federalist 1814 Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican gain
Timothy Fuller (DR) 55.0%
Asahel Stearns (F) 45.0%
Massachusetts 5
Known as the Hampshire South district
Elijah H. Mills Federalist 1814 Re-elected Elijah H. Mills (F) 81.0%
Enos Foot (DR) 9.9%
Lewis Strong (F) 6.7%
Others 2.5%
Massachusetts 6
Known as the Hampshire North district
Samuel Taggart Federalist 1803 Retired
Federalist hold
Samuel C. Allen (F) 67.7%
Noah Webster (I) 15.6%
Elihu Lyman (DR) 13.6%
Others 3.2%
Massachusetts 7
Known as the Berkshire district
John W. Hulbert Federalist 1812 Retired
Democratic-Republican gain
Henry Shaw (DR) 52.2%
Daniel Noble (F) 46.0%
Others 1.8%
Massachusetts 8
Known as the Plymouth district
William Baylies Federalist 1812 Retired
Democratic-Republican gain
Zabdiel Sampson (DR) 49.2%
Wilkes Wood (F) 46.2%
Others 4.6%
Zabdiel Sampson (DR) 51.8%
Wilkes Wood (F) 47.0%
Others 1.2%
Massachusetts 9
Known as the Barnstable district
John Reed Jr. Federalist 1812 Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican gain
Walter Folger Jr. (DR) 49.7%
John Reed Jr. (F) 36.4%
Elijah Cobb (F) 10.4%
Others 3.5%
Walter Folger Jr. (DR) 46.9%
John Reed Jr. (F) 30.2%
Thadeus Coffin (F) 21.4%
Elijah Cobb (F) 1.5%
Walter Folger Jr. (DR) 52.8%
John Reed Jr. (F) 39.5%
William Wills (F) 6.2%
Others 1.6%
Massachusetts 10
Known as the Bristol district
Laban Wheaton Federalist 1808 Retired
Democratic-Republican gain
Marcus Morton (DR) 50.6%
Samuel Crocker (F) 46.3%
Others 3.1%
Massachusetts 11
Known as the Worcester South district
Elijah Brigham Federalist 1810 Retired
Federalist hold
Benjamin Adams (F) 66.3%
Abraham Lincoln (DR) 30.6%
Levi Lincoln Sr. (DR) 3.1%
Massachusetts 12
Known as the Worcester North district
Solomon Strong Federalist 1814 Re-elected Solomon Strong (F) 69.4%
Edmund Cushing (DR) 30.6%
Massachusetts 13
Known as the Norfolk district
Nathaniel Ruggles Federalist 1812 Re-elected Nathaniel Ruggles (F) 50.4%
Ebenezer Seaver D(R) 46.9%
Others 2.7%
District of Maine Massachusetts 14
Known as the 1st Eastern district
Cyrus King Federalist 1812 Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican gain
John Holmes (DR) 58.9%
Cyrus King (F) 38.0%
Others 3.1%
Massachusetts 15
Known as the 2nd Eastern district
George Bradbury Federalist 1812 Retired
Federalist hold
Ezekiel Whitman (F) 51.5%
Mark Harris (DR) 48.5%
Massachusetts 16
Known as the 3rd Eastern district
Benjamin Brown Federalist 1812 Ran for re-election in the 18th district
Federalist hold
Benjamin Orr (F) 63.3%
Erastus Foote (DR) 36.7%
Massachusetts 17
Known as the 4th Eastern district
James Carr Democratic-Republican 1814 Retired
Federalist gain
John Wilson (F) 55.2%
Martin Kinsley (DR) 44.8%
Massachusetts 18
Known as the 5th Eastern district
Thomas Rice Federalist 1814 Re-elected Benjamin Brown (F) 41.2%
Nathan Cutler (DR) 31.6%
Samuel S. Conner (DR) 27.2%
Benjamin Brown (F) 45.0%
Samuel S. Conner (DR) 22.5%
Nathan Cutler (DR) 21.9%
Others 10.6%
Benjamin Brown (F) 39.4%
Samuel S. Conner (DR) 31.4%
Nathan Cutler (DR) 15.9%
Obed Wilson (DR) 7.0%
Joshua Cushman (DR) 3.1%
Others 3.2%
Thomas Rice (F) 48.7%
Samuel S. Conner (DR) 37.8%
Obed Wilson (DR) 7.5%
Joshua Cushman (DR) 2.5%
Others 3.5%
Joshua Cushman (DR) 47.2%
Thomas Rice (F) 40.4%
Others 12.4%
Thomas Rice (F) 51.0%
Joshua Cushman (DR) 45.6%
Others 3.4%
Massachusetts 19
Known as the 6th Eastern district
Samuel S. Conner Democratic-Republican 1814 Ran in 18th district
Democratic-Republican hold
James Parker (DR) 42.9%
Thomas Rice (F) 41.2%
John Chandler (DR) 15.0%
Others 0.9%
Thomas Rice (F) 38.2%
John Chandler (DR) 31.7%
James Parker (DR) 30.1%
James Parker (DR) 43.8%
Peter Grant (F) 39.0%
Thomas Rice (F) 6.5%
Joshua Gage (DR) 5.6%
John Chandler (DR) 5.1%
Peter Grant (F) 50.0%[Note 13]
James Parker (DR) 32.2%
Joshua Gage (DR) 11.9%
Others 5.9%
Joshua Gage (DR) 60.4%
Peter Grant (F) 39.6%
Massachusetts 20
Known as the 7th Eastern district
Albion K. Parris Democratic-Republican 1814 Re-elected Albion K. Parris (DR) 58.2%
Samuel A. Bradley (F) 35.8%
Levi Hubbard (DR) 6.0%

James Lloyd (F) of the 1st district did not serve, apparently resigning before the start of the 15th Congress, and was replaced in a special election by Jonathan Mason

Albion K. Parris (DR) of the 20th district resigned February 3, 1818, having been named judge of the United States District Court for the District of Maine. The resulting vacancy was filled in a special election by Enoch Lincoln (DR).

Mississippi was admitted as a state of the Union on December 10, 1817.[4] from the western half of the former Mississippi Territory (the eastern half became Alabama Territory) It elected its first representative to Congress in 1817.

District Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates
Mississippi at-large None (District created) Democratic-Republican gain George Poindexter (DR) 99.8%
Christopher Rankin (DR) 0.2%

George Poindexter had previously served as a Delegate for Mississippi Territory in the 9th-12th Congresses.

District Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates[Note 8]
New Hampshire at-large
6 seats on a general ticket
Bradbury Cilley Federalist 1812 Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican gain
Josiah Butler (DR) 8.9%
Nathaniel Upham (DR) 8.9%
Clifton Clagett (DR) 8.9%
Salma Hale (DR) 8.9%
John F. Parrott (DR) 8.7%
Arthur Livermore (DR) 8.7%

William Hale (F) 7.8%
Jeremiah Smith (F) 7.8%
Jeduthun Wilcox (F) 7.8%
Roger Vose (F) 7.8%
Bradbury Cilley (F) 7.7%
Parker Noyes (F) 7.7%
Charles Humphrey Atherton Federalist 1814 Retired
Democratic-Republican gain
William Hale Federalist 1808
1812
Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican gain
Roger Vose Federalist 1812 Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican gain
Daniel Webster Federalist 1812 Retired
Democratic-Republican gain
Jeduthun Wilcox Federalist 1812 Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican gain

In 1816, the Democratic-Republican candidates ran unopposed.

District Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates
New Jersey at-large
6 seats on a general ticket
Lewis Condict Democratic-Republican 1810 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
John Linn (DR) 17.1%
Charles Kinsey (DR) 16.8%
Henry Southard (DR) 16.7%
Joseph Bloomfield (DR) 16.6%
Benjamin Bennet (DR) 16.5%
Ephraim Bateman (DR) 16.4%
Thomas Ward Democratic-Republican 1813 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Henry Southard Democratic-Republican 1814 Re-elected
Ephraim Bateman Democratic-Republican 1814 Re-elected
Ezra Baker Democratic-Republican 1814 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Benjamin Bennet Democratic-Republican 1814 Re-elected
District Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates[Note 8]
New York 1
Plural district with 2 seats
George Townsend Democratic-Republican 1814 Re-elected George Townsend (DR) 26.9%
Tredwell Scudder (DR) 26.8%

Nathaniel Smith (F) 23.2%
Samuel Jones (F) 23.2%
Henry Crocheron Democratic-Republican 1814 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
New York 2
Plural district with 2 seats
William Irving Democratic-Republican 1813 (special) Re-elected William Irving (DR) 29.0%
Peter H. Wendover (DR) 28.9%

Josiah Ogden Hoffman Sr. (F) 21.1%
Isaac Ely (F) 21.0%
Peter H. Wendover Democratic-Republican 1814 Re-elected
New York 3 Jonathan Ward Democratic-Republican 1814 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Caleb Tompkins (DR) 56.8%
Abraham Odell (F) 42.8%
New York 4 Abraham H. Schenck Democratic-Republican 1814 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Henry B. Lee (DR) 52.6%
Henry A. Livingston (F) 47.2%
New York 5 Thomas P. Grosvenor Federalist 1812 Retired
Federalist hold
Philip J. Schuyler (F) 58.8%
James I. Van Alen (DR) 41.1%
New York 6 James W. Wilkin Democratic-Republican 1815 (special) Re-elected James W. Wilkin (DR) 55.4%
James Burt (F) 44.6%
New York 7 Samuel R. Betts Democratic-Republican 1814 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Josiah Hasbrouck (DR) 51.7%
John Sudam (F) 48.2%
New York 8 Erastus Root Democratic-Republican 1802
1814
Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Dorrance Kirtland (DR) 56.2%
Samuel Sherwood (F) 43.7%
New York 9 John Lovett Federalist 1812 Lost re-election
Federalist hold
Rensselaer Westerlo (F) 56.2%
Elisha Jenkins (DR) 36.6%
John Lovett (F) 7.1%
New York 10 Hosea Moffitt Federalist 1812 Retired
Federalist hold
John P. Cushman (F) 54.9%
Thomas Turner (DR) 44.9%
New York 11 John W. Taylor Democratic-Republican 1812 Re-elected John W. Taylor (DR) 53.4%
Elisha Powell (F) 46.6%
New York 12
Plural district with 2 seats
John Savage Democratic-Republican 1814 Re-elected John Savage (DR) 27.2%
John Palmer (DR) 24.5%

Henry H. Ross (F) 24.3%
Zebulon R. Shipherd (F) 24.1%
Asa Adgate Democratic-Republican 1815 (special) Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
New York 13 John B. Yates Democratic-Republican 1814 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Thomas Lawyer (DR) 54.9%
William Beekman (F) 45.1%
New York 14 Daniel Cady Federalist 1814 Retired
Democratic-Republican gain
John Herkimer (DR) 50.8%
Richard Van Horn (F) 49.2%
New York 15
Plural district with 2 seats
Jabez D. Hammond Democratic-Republican 1814 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Isaac Williams, Jr. (DR) 26.6%
John R. Drake (DR) 26.6%

James Clapp (F) 23.4%
James Hyde (F) 23.4%
James Birdsall Democratic-Republican 1814 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
New York 16 Thomas R. Gold Federalist 1808
1814
Retired
Federalist hold
Henry R. Storrs (F) 52.5%
Nathan Williams (DR) 47.3%
New York 17 Westel Willoughby, Jr. Federalist 1814 Retired
Democratic-Republican gain
Thomas H. Hubbard (DR) 51.5%
Simeon Ford (F) 48.4%
New York 18 Moss Kent Federalist 1812 Retired
Federalist hold
David A. Ogden (F) 50.4%
Ela Collins (DR) 49.5%
New York 19 Victory Birdseye Democratic-Republican 1814 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
James Porter (DR) 55.3%
James Geddes (F) 44.5%
New York 20
Plural district with 2 seats
Enos T. Throop Democratic-Republican 1814 Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican hold
Daniel Cruger (DR) 35.5%
Oliver C. Comstock (DR) 25.7%

Elijah Miller (F) 14.5%
Benjamin Johnson (F) 10.1%
Enos T. Throop (DR) 7.1%
Eleazer Lindsley (F) 4.0%
Oliver C. Comstock Democratic-Republican 1812 Re-elected
New York 21
Plural district with 2 seats
Micah Brooks Democratic-Republican 1814 Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican hold
Benjamin Ellicott (DR) 29.4%
John C. Spencer (DR) 27.0%

Phillip Church (F) 20.6%
Graham Newell (F) 20.4%
Micah Brooks (DR) 2.2%
Previous incumbent Peter B. Porter (DR) resigned January 23, 1816 Democratic-Republican hold

On February 18, 1817, Representative-elect Lee in the 4th district died. A special election was held to fill that vacancy. It resulted in the election of James Tallmadge, Jr. (DR).

District Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates
North Carolina 1 William H. Murfree Democratic-Republican 1813 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Lemuel Sawyer (DR) 38.0%
Joseph Ferebee (DR) 33.1%
Henry Skinner (F) 28.9%
North Carolina 2 Joseph H. Bryan Democratic-Republican 1815 Re-elected Joseph H. Bryan[Note 9] (DR)
North Carolina 3 James W. Clark Democratic-Republican 1815 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Thomas H. Hall (DR) 100%
North Carolina 4 William Gaston Federalist 1813 Retired
Federalist hold
Jesse Slocumb (F) 54.0%
Henry J. G. Ruffin (DR) 46.0%
North Carolina 5 Charles Hooks Democratic-Republican 1816 (special) Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican hold
James Owen (DR) 55.4%
Charles Hooks (DR) 44.6%
North Carolina 6 Weldon N. Edwards Democratic-Republican 1816 (special) Re-elected Weldon N. Edwards (DR) 80.5%
Solomon Green (F) 19.5%
North Carolina 7 John Culpepper Federalist 1806
1813
Lost re-election
Federalist hold
Alexander McMillan (F) 58.7%
John Culpepper (F) 41.3%
North Carolina 8 Samuel Dickens Democratic-Republican 1816 (special) Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican hold
James S. Smith (DR) 52.3%
Samuel Dickens (DR) 46.9%
North Carolina 9 Bartlett Yancey Democratic-Republican 1813 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Thomas Settle (DR) 78.4%
Romulus M. Saunders (DR) 21.6%
North Carolina 10 William C. Love Democratic-Republican 1815 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
George Mumford (DR) 53.9%
John L. Henderson (F) 46.1%
North Carolina 11 Daniel M. Forney Democratic-Republican 1815 Re-elected Daniel M. Forney[Note 9] (DR)
North Carolina 12 Israel Pickens Democratic-Republican 1810 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Felix Walker (DR) 42.8%
John Paxton (DR) 38.5%
William Porter (DR) 18.7%
North Carolina 13 Lewis Williams Democratic-Republican 1815 Re-elected Lewis Williams[Note 9]

Alexander McMillan (F) of the 7th district died before Congress assembled,[4] and was replaced in a special election by James Stewart (DR)

George Mumford (DR) of the 10th district died December 31, 1818,[4] and was replaced in a special election by Charles Fisher (DR).

Daniel M. Forney (DR) of the 11th district resigned in 1818,[4] and was replaced in a special election by William Davidson (F).

District Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates[Note 8]
Ohio 1 Previous incumbent John McLean (DR) resigned April, 1816 Democratic-Republican hold William Henry Harrison[Note 11] (DR) 57.2%
Thomas R. Ross (DR) 24.0%
William Corry (F) 10.4%
William C. Schenck (F) 6.0%
Matthias Ross (DR) 1.5%
Ohio 2 John Alexander Democratic-Republican 1812 Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican hold
John W. Campbell (DR) 55.9%
Isaiah Morris (DR) 23.0%
Thomas Morris (DR) 17.4%
John Alexander (DR) 1.8%
Thomas Foote (DR) 1.2%
Ohio 3 William Creighton, Jr. Democratic-Republican 1813 (special) Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Levi Barber (DR) 40.7%
Henry Brush (DR) 31.5%
Joseph Kerr (DR) 12.8%
Samuel Monett (DR) 10.8%
John A. Fulton (DR) 4.1%
Ohio 4 James Caldwell Democratic-Republican 1812 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Samuel Herrick (DR) 57.7%
John C. Wright (DR) 41.9%
Ohio 5 James Kilbourne Democratic-Republican 1812 Retired
Federalist gain
Philemon Beecher (F) 19.6%
Joseph Vance (DR) 18.6%
Joseph Foos (DR) 13.9%
Daniel C. Cooper (F) 13.6%
William Ludlow (DR) 9.1%
Daniel Smith (DR) 8.7%
Fielding Lowry (DR) 8.2%
Robert F. Slaughter (DR) 4.7%
Chester Griswold (DR) 3.6%
Ohio 6 David Clendenin Democratic-Republican 1814 Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican hold
Peter Hitchcock (DR) 57.5%
Joseph Richardson (DR) 28.0%
John G. Young (DR) 8.5%
David Clendenin (DR) 5.9%

Herrick's election in the 4th district was unsuccessfully contested.[4]

District Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates[Note 8][5]
Pennsylvania 1
Plural district with 4 seats
Joseph Hopkinson Federalist 1814 Re-elected Adam Seybert (DR) 13.9%
William Anderson (DR) 13.8%
John Sergeant (F) 12.5%
Joseph Hopkinson (F) 12.3%

William Milnor (F) 12.2%
Samuel Edwards (F) 12.1%
Jacob Summer (DR) 8.8%
John Conard (DR) 8.1%
William J. Duane (DR) 6.3%
William Milnor Federalist 1806
1814
Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican gain
Thomas Smith Federalist 1814 Retired
Democratic-Republican gain
John Sergeant Federalist 1815 (special) Re-elected
Pennsylvania 2
Plural district with 2 seats
William Darlington Democratic-Republican 1814 Lost re-election
Federalist gain
Levi Pawling (F) 25.5%
Isaac Darlington (F) 25.1%

William Darlington (DR) 25.1%
John Hahn 24.3%
John Hahn Democratic-Republican 1814 Lost re-election
Federalist gain
Pennsylvania 3
Plural district with 2 seats
James M. Wallace Democratic-Republican 1815 (special) Re-elected John Whiteside (DR) 39.4%
James M. Wallace (DR) 39.0%

Amos Slaymaker (F) 21.6%
John Whiteside Democratic-Republican 1814 Re-elected
Pennsylvania 4 Hugh Glasgow Democratic-Republican 1812 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Jacob Spangler (DR) 67.1%
Jacob Hay (F) 32.9%
Pennsylvania 5
Plural district with 2 seats
William Crawford Democratic-Republican 1808 Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican hold
William Maclay (DR) 31.0%
Andrew Boden (DR) 27.8%

James McSherry (F) 19.8%
John McClelland (F) 18.1%
William Crawford (DR) 3.3%
William Maclay Democratic-Republican 1814 Re-elected
Pennsylvania 6
Plural district with 2 seats
Samuel D. Ingham Democratic-Republican 1812 Re-elected John Ross (DR) 50.8%
Samuel D. Ingham (DR) 49.2%
John Ross Democratic-Republican 1814 Re-elected
Pennsylvania 7 Joseph Hiester Democratic-Republican 1798
1814
Re-elected Joseph Hiester (DR) 85.0%
Charles Shoemaker (DR) 8.6%
Daniel Udree (DR) 6.4%
Pennsylvania 8 William Piper Democratic-Republican 1810 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Alexander Ogle (DR) 99.7%
Pennsylvania 9 Previous incumbent Thomas Burnside (DR) resigned to accept a judicial appointment Democratic-Republican hold William P. Maclay[Note 11] (DR) 75.7%
James A. Banks (F) 24.3%
Pennsylvania 10
Plural district with 2 seats
William Wilson Democratic-Republican 1814 Re-elected William Wilson (DR) 32.5%
David Scott (DR) 31.5%

William Buyers (F) 14.8
George Kremer (DR) 8.8%
Roswell Wells (F) 8.8%
Charles Maus 3.5%
Jared Irwin Democratic-Republican 1812 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Pennsylvania 11 William Findley Democratic-Republican 1802 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
David Marchand (DR) 52.8%
George Armstrong (F) 47.2%
Pennsylvania 12 Aaron Lyle Democratic-Republican 1808 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Thomas Patterson (DR) 87.2%
John Hughes (F) 12.8%
Pennsylvania 13 Isaac Griffin Democratic-Republican 1813 (special) Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Christian Tarr (DR) 50.8%
Presley C. Lane (DR) 19.7%
Henry Heaton (DR) 14.2%
Thomas McKibben (DR) 11.7%
Thomas Hersey (DR) 3.6%
Pennsylvania 14 John Woods Federalist 1814 Retired
Democratic-Republican gain
Henry Baldwin (DR) 61.6%
Walter Lowrie (DR) 38.4%
Pennsylvania 15 Thomas Wilson Democratic-Republican 1813 (special) Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Robert Moore (DR) 51.1%
William Clark (F) 48.9%

Jacob Spangler (DR) of the 4th district resigned April 20, 1818, and was replaced in a special election by Jacob Hostetter (DR)

John Ross (DR) of the 6th district resigned on February 24, 1818. Samuel D. Ingham (DR) also of the 6th district resigned on July 6, 1818. Special elections were held after each resignation, electing, respectively, Thomas J. Rogers (DR) and Samuel Moore (DR)

David Scott (DR) of the 10th district resigned before Congress started and was replaced in a special election by John Murray (DR)

District Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates
Rhode Island at-large
2 seats on a general ticket
John L. Boss Jr. Federalist 1814 Re-elected John L. Boss Jr. (F) 50.1%
James B. Mason (F) 49.9%
James B. Mason Federalist 1814 Re-elected
District Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates
South Carolina 1 Henry Middleton Democratic-Republican 1814 Re-elected Henry Middleton (DR) 56.4%
William Crafts Jr. (F) 43.6%
South Carolina 2 William Lowndes Democratic-Republican 1810 Re-elected William Lowndes (DR) 92.5%
Others 7.5%
South Carolina 3 Benjamin Huger Federalist 1798
1814
Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican gain
James Ervin (DR) 54.8%
Benjamin Huger (F) 45.2%
South Carolina 4 John J. Chappell Democratic-Republican 1812 Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican hold
Joseph Bellinger (DR) 47.2%
John J. Chappell (DR) 31.6%
John C. Allen (DR) 21.2%
South Carolina 5 William Woodward Democratic-Republican 1814 Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican hold
Starling Tucker[Note 9] (DR)
William Woodward (DR)
South Carolina 6 John C. Calhoun Democratic-Republican 1810 Re-elected John C. Calhoun (DR) 43.2%
Edmund Bacon (F) 31.5%
William Butler (DR) 25.3%
South Carolina 7 John Taylor Democratic-Republican 1814 Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican hold
Elias Earle (DR) 50.7%
Andrew Pickens (DR) 26.7%
John Taylor (DR) 22.6%
South Carolina 8 Thomas Moore Democratic-Republican 1800
1814
Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Wilson Nesbitt (DR) 41.4%
James MacKibben (DR) 32.3%
William Smith (DR) 20.3%
William Rice (DR) 5.9%
South Carolina 9 Previous incumbent William Mayrant (DR) resigned October 21, 1816. Democratic-Republican hold Stephen D. Miller[Note 11] (DR) 73.6%
William Mayrant (DR) 26.4%

In the 6th district, John C. Calhoun resigned on November 3, 1817,[4] after being appointed Secretary of War and was replaced in a special election by Eldred Simkins (DR).

District Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates[Note 8]
Tennessee 1 Samuel Powell Democratic-Republican 1815 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
John Rhea (DR) 63.9%
Alexander Sevier (DR) 36.1%
Tennessee 2 William G. Blount Democratic-Republican 1815 (special) Re-elected William G. Blount (DR) 61.8%
John Cocke (DR) 38.2%
Tennessee 3 Isaac Thomas Democratic-Republican 1815 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Francis Jones (DR) 35.2%
James Rogers 24.7%
Joseph Pickens 24.1%
Queen Morton 16.0%
Tennessee 4 Bennett H. Henderson Democratic-Republican 1815 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
Samuel Hogg (DR) 63.5%
Archibald Overton (DR) 36.5%
Tennessee 5 Newton Cannon Democratic-Republican 1814 (special) Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican hold
Thomas Claiborne (DR) 47.6%
Newton Cannon (DR) 28.5%
Robert Weakley (DR) 23.9%
Tennessee 6 James B. Reynolds Democratic-Republican 1815 Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican hold
George W. L. Marr (DR) 46.5%
Peter R. Booker 26.8%
Thomas Johnson 19.3%
James B. Reynolds (DR) 4.2%
Samuel Goodridge 3.1%
District Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates
Vermont at-large
6 seats on a general ticket
Daniel Chipman Federalist 1814 Retired
Democratic-Republican gain
Mark Richards (DR) 9.2%
William Hunter (DR) 9.2%
Heman Allen (DR) 9.1%
Orsamus Cook Merrill (DR) 9.1%
Samuel C. Crafts (DR) 9.1%
Charles Rich (DR) 9.1%

Chauncey Langdon (F) 7.6%
Jonathan H. Hubbard (F) 7.6%
Phineas White (F) 7.6%
Asa Lyon (F) 7.6%
David Edmonds (F) 7.6%
Samuel Prentiss (F) 7.5%
Luther Jewett Federalist 1814 Retired
Democratic-Republican gain
Chauncey Langdon Federalist 1814 Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican gain
Asa Lyon Federalist 1814 Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican gain
Charles Marsh Federalist 1814 Retired
Democratic-Republican gain
John Noyes Federalist 1814 Retired
Democratic-Republican gain

Heman Allen (DR) resigned April 20, 1818, at the end of the 1st session.[4] His seat remained vacant for the duration of the 15th Congress.

District Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates
Virginia 1 John G. Jackson Democratic-Republican 1803
1813
Retired
Federalist gain
James Pindall (F) 100%
Virginia 2 Magnus Tate Federalist 1815 Retired
Federalist hold
Edward Colston (F) 61.2%
Daniel Morgan (DR) 30.9%
Robert Bailey (DR) 7.9%
Virginia 3 Henry St. George Tucker Democratic-Republican 1815 Re-elected Henry St. George Tucker (DR) 67.8%
William Carson (DR) 32.2%
Virginia 4 William McCoy Democratic-Republican 1811 Re-elected William McCoy[Note 9] (DR)
Virginia 5 James Breckinridge Federalist 1809 Retired
Democratic-Republican gain
John Floyd (DR) 57.6
Elijah MacClannahan (F) 42.4%
Virginia 6 Daniel Sheffey Federalist 1809 Retired
Democratic-Republican gain
Alexander Smyth (DR) 67.0%
Benjamin Estill (F) 33.0%
Virginia 7 Ballard Smith Democratic-Republican 1815 Re-elected Ballard Smith (DR) 94.7%
John Gray (F) 5.3%
Virginia 8 Joseph Lewis, Jr. Federalist 1803 Retired
Federalist hold
Charles F. Mercer (F) 52.6%
Armistead Mason (DR) 47.4%
Virginia 9 John P. Hungerford Democratic-Republican 1813 Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican hold
William Lee Ball (DR) 44.6%
John P. Hungerford (DR) 40.9%
Henry Lee Jr. (F) 14.5%
Virginia 10 Aylett Hawes Democratic-Republican 1811 Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
George Strother (DR) 51.3%
John Shackleford (F) 48.7%
Virginia 11 Philip P. Barbour Democratic-Republican 1814 (special) Re-elected Philip P. Barbour[Note 9] (DR)
Virginia 12 William H. Roane Democratic-Republican 1815 Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican hold
Robert S. Garnett[Note 9] (DR)
Edwin Upshaw (DR)
William H. Roane (DR)
Virginia 13 Burwell Bassett Democratic-Republican 1815 Re-elected Burwell Bassett (DR) 73.3%
John Eyre (F) 24.8%
M. S. Pitts[Note 10] (F) 1.9%
Virginia 14 William A. Burwell Democratic-Republican 1806 (special) Re-elected William A. Burwell[Note 9] (DR)
Virginia 15 John Kerr Democratic-Republican 1815 (special) Retired
Democratic-Republican hold
William J. Lewis (DR) 100%
Virginia 16 John Randolph Democratic-Republican 1799
1815
Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican hold
Archibald Austin (DR) 61.5%
John Randolph (DR) 38.5%
Virginia 17 James Pleasants Democratic-Republican 1811 Re-elected James Pleasants (DR) 100%
Virginia 18 Thomas M. Nelson Democratic-Republican 1816 (special) Re-elected Thomas M. Nelson (DR) 100%
Virginia 19 Peterson Goodwyn Democratic-Republican 1803 Re-elected Peterson Goodwyn (DR) 96.9%
John Pegram[Note 7] (DR) 3.1%
Virginia 20 James Johnson Democratic-Republican 1813 Re-elected James Johnson (DR) 100%
Virginia 21 Thomas Newton Jr. Democratic-Republican 1797 Re-elected Thomas Newton Jr. (DR) 93.5%
Littleton W. Tazewell (DR) 6.5%
Virginia 22 Hugh Nelson Democratic-Republican 1811 Re-elected Hugh Nelson (DR) 72.7%
Thomas W. Maury (DR) 27.3%
Virginia 23 John Tyler Democratic-Republican 1816 (special) Re-elected John Tyler (DR) 53.7%
Andrew Stevenson (DR) 46.3%

In the 19th district, Peterson Goodwyn (DR) died on February 21, 1818, and was replaced in a special election by John Pegram (DR).

Non-voting delegates

There were four territories with the right to send delegates during at least part of the 15th Congress. Mississippi Territory only existed during the first few months of the 15th Congress, but did not elect a delegate, since it was admitted to the Union as a state a few days into the 1st Session of the 15th Congress. Illinois Territory also only existed during the 1st Session, as it was admitted to the Union as the State of Illinois on December 3, 1818. Alabama Territory was formed from the eastern half of Mississippi Territory, and its first (and only) delegate was seated on March 9, 1818.[4]

District Incumbent First
elected
Result Candidates[Note 8]
Alabama Territory at-large None (District created) John Crowell[Note 9]
Illinois Territory at-large Nathaniel Pope 1816 (special) Re-elected Nathaniel Pope[Note 9]
John Caldwell
Missouri Territory at-large Rufus Easton 1814 Lost re-election John Scott 49.8%
Rufus Easton 49.4%
John Scott 54.4%
Rufus Easton 45.6%

There were two elections held for the delegate from Missouri Territory. The first was contested by Rufus Easton on the grounds of electoral fraud. This election was declared void, and a second election was held on August 4, 1817.[4] It was won without controversy by John Scott, who took his seat on December 8, 1817.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Excludes states admitted during the 15th Congress
  2. ^ a b c Includes late elections
  3. ^ a b c d Figures are at variance with both Dubin (p. 62, which includes "140 Republicans, 1 Independent Republican, and 2 vacancies", in addition to "41 Federalists"), and Martis (p. 84) and "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. (which both report 146 Democrat-Republicans, and 39 Federalists). But Dubin appears to incorrectly list Lewis Williams of NC-13 as a "Federalist" (see pg. 60 and 55, etc.) instead of a "Democrat-Republican", while Martis lists Philemon Beecher of OH-05 as a "Democrat-Republican" instead of a "Federalist", which if accounted for would revise both Dubin's and Martis' totals to 40 Federalists (and therefore 145 Democrat-Republicans).
  4. ^ Includes 1 plural district
  5. ^ A majority was required for election, which was not met in the initial election for 5 districts requiring additional trials to be held on January 27, May 1, July 21, September 29, and December 1, 1817
  6. ^ a b Includes 6 plural districts
  7. ^ a b c d Subsequently elected in special election
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h Only candidates with at least 1% of the vote listed
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Numbers of votes missing or incomplete in source
  10. ^ a b Full name unknown
  11. ^ a b c d e f Also elected in special election to fill vacancy in 14th Congress
  12. ^ District numbers differed between source used and elsewhere on Wikipedia; district numbers used elsewhere on Wikipedia used here
  13. ^ Exactly 50%

References

  1. ^ Stat. 349
  2. ^ Stat. 430
  3. ^ "Fourteenth Congress (membership roster)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-12-06. Retrieved 2015-02-19. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Fifteenth Congress (membership roster)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-12-13. Retrieved 2012-12-24. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ Wilkes University Elections Statistics Project

Bibliography