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2020 Pacific typhoon season

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2020 Pacific typhoon season
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formedMay 8, 2020
Last system dissipatedSeason ongoing
Strongest storm
NameHaishen
 • Maximum winds185 km/h (115 mph)
(10-minute sustained)
 • Lowest pressure920 hPa (mbar)
Seasonal statistics
Total depressions13
Total storms10
Typhoons5
Super typhoons1 (unofficial)
Total fatalities34 total
Total damage$601.1 million (2020 USD)
Related articles
Pacific typhoon seasons
2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022

The 2020 Pacific typhoon season is an ongoing event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season runs throughout the year, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season has been unusually quiet, with only nine systems forming as of August 13. Additionally, the JTWC recorded no tropical cyclone development in the month of July, the first such occurrence since reliable records began. The season's first tropical cyclone developed on May 8, making it the sixth-latest start in the basin on record, just slightly behind 1973, and the first to start this late since 2016.

The season's first named storm, Vongfong (Ambo), developed east of Mindanao and rapidly intensified to become a Category 3 typhoon at peak intensity, undergoing an eyewall replacement cycle and made landfall on Samar Island, causing US$31.1 million damage to the Philippines, while in the midst of the current COVID-19 pandemic.

The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean to the north of the equator between 100°E and 180th meridian. Within the northwestern Pacific Ocean, there are two separate agencies that assign names to tropical cyclones which can often result in a cyclone having two names. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) will name a tropical cyclone should it be judged to have 10-minute sustained wind speeds of at least 65 km/h (40 mph) anywhere in the basin, whilst the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigns names to tropical cyclones which move into or form as a tropical depression in their area of responsibility located between 135°E and 115°E and between 5°N–25°N regardless of whether or not a tropical cyclone has already been given a name by the JMA. Tropical depressions that are monitored by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) are given a number with a "W" suffix.

Seasonal forecasts

TSR forecasts
Date		 Tropical
storms		 Total
Typhoons		 Intense
TCs		 ACE Ref.
Average (1965–2019) 26 16 9 294 [1]
May 21, 2020 26 15 8 258 [1]
July 9, 2020 26 14 7 216 [2]
August 6, 2020 21 13 5 157 [3]
Other forecasts
Date		 Forecast
Center		 Period Systems Ref.
January 22, 2020 PAGASA January–March 0–4 tropical cyclones [4]
January 22, 2020 PAGASA April–June 2–5 tropical cyclones [4]
June 24, 2020 PAGASA July–September 6–10 tropical cyclones [5]
June 24, 2020 PAGASA October–December 4–7 tropical cyclones [5]
2020 season Forecast
Center		 Tropical
cyclones		 Tropical
storms		 Typhoons Ref.
Actual activity: JMA 13 10 5
Actual activity: JTWC 11 11  6
Actual activity: PAGASA 11 7 4

During the year several national meteorological services and scientific agencies forecast how many tropical cyclones, tropical storms, and typhoons will form during a season and/or how many tropical cyclones will affect a particular country. These agencies include the Tropical Storm Risk (TSR) Consortium of University College London, PAGASA and Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau. The first forecast for the year was released by PAGASA on January 22 predicting the first half of 2020, within its monthly seasonal climate outlook.[4] The PAGASA predicts that only 0–4 tropical cyclones are expected to form or enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility between January and March, while 5–8 tropical cyclones are expected to form between April and June. This was due to the fact that the El Niño–Southern Oscillation was seeing neutral conditions across the Pacific, and could persist until midyear.[4] On May 21, the TSR issued their extended-range forecast for 2020, forecasting tropical activity below the average normal, with 26 tropical storms, 15 typhoons and 8 intense typhoons.[1] These numbers were supported by the current values from the Indian Ocean Dipole, the Accumulated Cyclone Energy index and the sea-surface temperatures in the Niño 3.75 region, leading to a stronger than normal trade windspeed throughout much of the Western Pacific.[1]

On June 24, the PAGASA issued a climate forecast, predicting the number of tropical cyclones for the second half of the season. They predicted that 6–10 tropical cyclones are expected to form between the months of July and September, while 4–7 tropical cyclones are expected to form between the months of October and December.[5] On July 9, TSR issued their forecast for the season, predicting a well-below average season with 26 named storms, 14 typhoons and only 7 intense typhoons.[2] On August 6, TSR issued their third and final forecast for the season, lowering their numbers to 21 named storms, 13 typhoons and 5 intense typhoons.[3] They mentioned that the 2020 season is expected to be one of the "least active typhoon season on record", with a predicted ACE index barely half of the normal and a 96% probability being a below-average season.[3]

Season summary

Typhoon Maysak (2020)Typhoon Bavi (2020)Tropical Storm Higos (2020)Typhoon Hagupit (2020)Tropical Storm Sinlaku (2020)Typhoon Vongfong (2020)

The first few months of 2020 were extremely quiet, with no tropical systems developing from January to April. On May 8, the season saw its first tropical system with the development of Tropical Depression 01W (Ambo), making it the sixth-latest starting season on record, as well as the latest since 2016. 2 days later, the system strengthened to the first officially named tropical storm of the season, Vongfong. Tropical Storm Vongfong then intensified immediately into a significant typhoon and struck the central part of the Philippines on May 14, first making its landfall in San Policarpo, Eastern Samar, crossing 4 more islands and hit mainland Luzon.

After Vongfong, a month of inactivity ensued, and on June 10, a new tropical depression formed off the coast of Samar, Philippines, and was named Butchoy by the PAGASA a day later. Butchoy made landfall in the Philippines as the JTWC issued a TCFA for it. Once it exited Philippine landmass, Butchoy was upgraded into a tropical depression by the JTWC and all warnings issued by PAGASA was lowered, and Butchoy further intensified into a tropical storm in the West Philippine Sea and was named Nuri by the Japan Meteorological Agency. After Nuri dissipated over mainland China, the basin became quiet again for more than a month with only Tropical Depression Carina forming east of Luzon; this led to the first time that no tropical storms developed within the month of July since reliable records began. The activity in the West Pacific increased somewhat with the formation of Tropical Storm Sinlaku, and the formation and intensification of Hagupit for a typhoon, ending a fast of more than 2 months without any significant typhoon. Hagupit affected China as a mid-Category 1 storm and caused US$441 million in damage. The storm then transitioned to an Extratropical cyclone and affected North Korea and Russia. A few days later, a new tropical depression formed, and then intensified into Tropical Storm Jangmi. Just southwest of Jangmi, a disorganized low-pressure area formed and would soon become Severe Tropical Storm Mekkhala, reaching China. A few days later, a new tropical depression formed in the South China Sea, and PAGASA named the system as Helen. Shortly after, Helen intensified into a Severe Tropical Storm Higos, the 7th named storm on the 2020 typhoon season. Higos then went on to hit China. Soon after Higos dissipated, a new system formed in the east of the Philippines, and was named Igme. Igme then went on to become Tropical Storm Bavi and rapidly intensify in the coastal waters of Taiwan. In late August, Typhoon Maysak formed along Tropical Depression 11W, they are currently threatening Korea and Japan respectively.

September started with Maysak weakening on its way to Korea, while a new Tropical Storm Haishen formed in the open Pacific, threatening the same areas that Maysak and previously Bavi affected. Typhoon Maysak made landfalls in South Korea and North Korea, while Typhoon Haishen intensified into the first super typhoon of the season.

Systems

Typhoon Vongfong (Ambo)

Very strong typhoon (JMA)
Category 3 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationMay 8 – May 18
Peak intensity155 km/h (100 mph) (10-min);
960 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Typhoon Vongfong (2020)

After 4 consecutive months of inactivity in the Western Pacific basin, a low-pressure area was first noted on May 9 by the JTWC near Micronesia and was given a medium chance of developing into a tropical cyclone.[6] The following day, the JMA declared that it had developed into a tropical depression to the east of Mindanao, Philippines and was expected to slowly move west.[7] The JTWC then issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) for the embryonic system just hours later while convection began to gradually obscure the center.[8] Later that day, the PAGASA followed suit and upgraded the system to a tropical depression, assigning it the name Ambo, as it became the first tropical cyclone to enter their area of responsibility for 2020.[9][10]

The system began to slowly drift westwards throughout the following days,[11] gradually intensifying with occasional convective bursts occurring near the slightly elongated circulation. On the next day, the JTWC upgraded Ambo into a tropical depression, designating it as 01W.[12] The storm gradually intensified throughout the day, as signified by a well-defined rain band developing on the northwestern side, and began to turn north. At this time, the JMA upgraded 01W to a tropical storm and assigned it the first name of the year, Vongfong.[13] Shortly after, the JTWC followed and upgraded the system to tropical storm intensity.[14] Utilizing favorable conditions with low wind shear, 29-30 °C waters, and excellent outflow, Vongfong began to rapidly intensify by early May 13.[15] Shortly after, the JMA upgraded the system to a severe tropical storm. Soon after, the JTWC upgraded the storm to a Category 1 typhoon with 1-minute sustained winds of 130 km/h (80 mph) as the structure quickly improved. The PAGASA and JMA would then upgrade the system to a typhoon later in the day,[15] with the JTWC quickly upgrading the system to a Category 2 typhoon as the eye became clearer. A few hours later, Vongfong intensified to a category 3-equivalent typhoon.[16] Then, the storm later went an eyewall replacement cycle, quickly finishing the cycle while fluctuating in intensity.[17] At 12:15 pm PST on May 14, Vongfong made its first landfall in San Policarpo, Eastern Samar.[18] Vongfong gradually weakened shortly after, crossing over the Ticao Pass as it moved further inland.[19] By the succeeding day, PAGASA recorded five more landfalls: hitting the islands of Dalupiri Island, Capul Island, Ticao Island, Burias Island, and San Andres, Quezon in Luzon Island's Bondoc Peninsula.[20] Ambo weakened into a Category 1 storm due to these multiple landfalls, although the storm was situated in favorable atmospheric conditions.[21] The system further weakened on May 15, and was downgraded by both the JMA and PAGASA to a severe tropical storm,[22][23] with the JTWC downgrading it to a tropical storm as well. Then, Vongfong made its 7th landfall in Real, Quezon, and began to head further inland into Luzon.[24][25] Vongfong then further weakened and was downgraded by the JMA and the PAGASA into a tropical storm.[26][27] The weakening trend continued, and by May 16, Vongfong emerged into the Luzon Strait as a low-end tropical storm, with the storm's center exposed as the result of the mountainous terrains of the Luzon landmass.[28][17] After emerging, 6 hours later, the JTWC downgraded Vongfong into a tropical depression, and issued their final warning.[29] Soon after, PAGASA followed suit,[30] and the JMA as well.[31] The remnants of the storm fully dissipated by May 17, with PAGASA downgrading the storm's remains into an low-pressure area.[32][17]

In preparation for the incoming typhoon, Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal (TCWS) #3 warnings were issued for Northern Samar and the northern portion of Eastern Samar.[33] According to the NDRRMC, Typhoon Vongfong (Ambo) left ₱1.57 billion (US$31.1 million) worth of damages in agriculture, and left 5 dead, as of May 27.[34][35]

Tropical Storm Nuri (Butchoy)

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJune 10 – June 14
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min);
996 hPa (mbar)

On June 10, the JMA began monitoring on a weak tropical depression that had developed to the east of the Philippine island of Samar in Visayas.[36] During the next day, the PAGASA began tracking the system, giving the local name Butchoy.[37][38] The storm then made its first landfall in Polillo Island in Quezon at 5:30pm PHT, and making its second landfall in Infanta, Quezon shortly thereafter.[39] Soon after, the JTWC issued an Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert for the storm.[40]

Afterwards, the JTWC officially upgraded Butchoy to a tropical depression, and designated it as 02W.[41] With an favorable environment with low vertical wind shear, moderate equatorial outflow and 30-31 °C sea surface temperatures,[41] Butchoy started to intensify in the West Philippine Sea, becoming a tropical storm and receiving the name Nuri from the JMA later on the same day.[42] Then, PAGASA issued their final warning on Nuri as it exited the Philippine Area of Responsibility.[43]

By the next day, Nuri intensified further and subsequently peaked in intensity, with the JMA analysing the storm's peak winds of 75 km/h (45 mph).[44] Six hours later, the JTWC upgraded Nuri to a tropical storm.[45] However, later in the same day, the JTWC downgraded Nuri into a tropical depression, citing that the storm has drifted into high vertical wind shear.[46] The JMA followed suit, downgrading Nuri into a depression.[47] The JTWC issued their final warning on Nuri as the storm subsequently made landfall in Yanjiang, China.[48][49] The JMA followed suit six hours later, issuing their final warning on the system.[50]

The PAGASA issued Tropical Cyclone Signal No. 1 for western Mindanao, southern Luzon, and Visayas on June 11 as Butchoy neared the Philippines.[51] The combination of the system and prevailing southwesterly winds brought showers and thunderstorms across the Philippines.[52] Heavy rainfall in Albay led to the activation of disaster risk management officials and other emergency assets.[51] The rains from the tropical depression prompted PAGASA to declare the start of the rainy season in the Philippines on June 12, 2020, which was also during the country's Independence Day.[53][54] In Hong Kong, Nuri brought heavy rain. One person also drowned due to rough waters.[55]

Tropical Depression Carina

Tropical depression (JMA)
 
DurationJuly 11 – July 15
Peak intensity<55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min);
1004 hPa (mbar)

After about one month of inactivity, on July 11, the JMA designated an low-pressure area near Luzon as a tropical depression.[56] The next day, the JTWC designated the depression as an invest and was given a low chance of developing, and later upgraded to a medium chance.[57] On the following day, the PAGASA upgraded the low-pressure system to a tropical depression and named it Carina.[58] Over an environment favorable for further development, with low vertical wind shear, established equatorial outflow and 28–29 °C sea surface temperatures,[57] Carina generally moved north-northwest until midday (12:00 UTC) on July 14, when Carina rapidly weakened into a low-pressure area, due to unfavorable environment of strong wind shear and diffluent easterly flow.[57][59] PAGASA then issued their final advisory to Carina, and the remnants dissipated on July 15.[60][61]

As the low-pressure system was named Carina, PAGASA immediately hoisted Signal #1, the lowest of their storm warning signals, to Batanes, Babuyan Islands and the northeastern portion of Cagayan.[62] Due to heavy rainfall caused by Carina, the storm caused damage on Ilocos Norte, Abra and Isabela.[63]

Tropical Storm Sinlaku

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 31 – August 3
Peak intensity65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min);
992 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Tropical Storm Sinlaku (2020)

On July 29, a tropical disturbance was situated a couple hundred miles east of Manila, Philippines.[64] Struggling to consolidate, the disturbance crossed Luzon with little to no organization and began organizing in the South China Sea.[64] Environmental conditions became conducive for development, and the JMA declared that a tropical depression had formed in the early hours of July 31.[65] Then early on August 1, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Sinlaku.[66] The storm failed to intensity much afterward, and during the following day, Sinlaku made landfall on northern Vietnam.[67] Shortly thereafter, both agencies issued final advisories on the storm.[68][69]

Sinlaku produced heavy rain across central and northern Vietnam, resulting in significant flooding. Two people died, one from a collapsed embankment and the other from flash flooding. Thousands of homes were inundated and crops suffered extensive damage.[70] Damage in the nation was about nearly 5.4 billion đồng (US$232,900).[71] Flash floods across Thailand also killed two people.[72] The remnants of Sinlaku emerged in the Indian Ocean and intensified into a well marked low pressure area between August 5–8, recreating a lot of torrential rain in portions of India.[73][74]

Typhoon Hagupit (Dindo)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 31 – August 5
Peak intensity130 km/h (80 mph) (10-min);
975 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Typhoon Hagupit (2020)

On July 31, JMA began monitoring a weak tropical depression that developed in the Philippine Sea.[75] Later, PAGASA later named the depression "Dindo".[76] By the next day, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center designated Dindo as 03W.[77] With favorable conditions of low vertical wind shear, strong equatorial outflow and 31°C sea surface temperatures,[77] Dindo intensified into a tropical storm on midday of the same time, and the Japan Meteorological Agency named it as Hagupit.[78] Hagupit then began intensifying in the Philippine Sea, and by August 2, Hagupit was upgraded into a typhoon by the JTWC.[79] The JMA later upgraded Hagupit to a severe tropical storm late on August 2.[80] As Hagupit exited the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), the PAGASA issued its final bulletin on the system.[81] Hagupit was then upgraded into typhoon status by the JMA on August 3,[82] and will later peak in intensity with a pressure of 975 hPa.[83] At around 19:30 UTC, Hagupit made landfall in Wenzhou, China, with winds of 85 mph and pressure of 975 mbar (hPa).[84] After its landfall, Hagupit gradually weakened over China, and by early August 4, the JTWC downgraded the typhoon into a tropical storm.[85] Around midday of the same day, JTWC downgraded Hagupit into a tropical depression and later issued their final advisories on the storm,[86] but the JMA still monitored Hagupit as a tropical storm.[87] The system later will undergo an extratropical transition, a process which got completed on August 6, and the JMA issued their final advisory on the extratropical Hagupit.[88]

In advance of Hagupit, Chinese officials ordered the evacuation of areas vulnerable to flooding. [89] Hagupit caused torrential rainfall over portions of China peaking at 13.11 inches (333 mm) in the Jingshan district of Wenzhou.[90] 15 people were reported dead accross South Korea, 6 of them following a landslide in South Chungcheong Province, 11 people were reported missing, and 7 people were injured.[91][92]

Tropical Storm Jangmi (Enteng)

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 7 – August 11
Peak intensity85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min);
996 hPa (mbar)

On August 7, the JMA began tracking a weak tropical depression in the Philippine Sea. On the next day, the PAGASA upgraded it to a depression as it moved into its area of responsibility and named it Enteng. Some time later, the JTWC issued a TCFA. Soon after, the disturbance intensified to a tropical depression, with unusually weak winds of 25 mph.[citation needed] But, near end on the same day, the Japan Meteorological Agency upgraded 05W to a tropical storm, receiving the name Jangmi. As such, Jangmi became the fifth named tropical storm of the 2020 typhoon season.[93]Jangmi was a fast-moving system, quickly exiting the Philippine Area of Responsibility and heading northwards, and affected South Korea. The final advisory was issued on Jangmi by 1:00 UTC on August 11.[citation needed]

Jangmi dropped drenching rainfall through the Ryukyu Islands of Japan, with a peak amount of 2.2 inches (55.8 mm) recorded on the island of Kumejima. In South Korea, Jangmi dropped up to 2.6 inches (66.04 mm) of precipitation, in an area already hard hit by flooding in the months previous to Jangmi. [94][95]

Tropical Depression 06W (Gener)

Tropical depression (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 9 – August 13
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min);
1012 hPa (mbar)

A hybrid system formed on August 7 south of Japan. It slowly moved westwards over the next couple of days, and on August 9, it transitioned into a tropical cyclone. Due to the fact that the hybrid disturbance already had tropical-storm-force winds, it was immediately declared a tropical storm by the JTWC. Then, 06W reached its peak intensity of 35 mph with an unusually high pressure of 1012 mbar, but this peak in intensity was short-lived and shortly after peak, 06W gradually weakened and at around 15:00 UTC on August 10, JTWC downgraded 06W to a tropical depression.[citation needed]

Tropical Depression 06W then ceased to be monitored by the JMA on August 12 due to collapses in the convective activity, dry upper-level air intake, and other factors and ending its official monitoring, yet the JTWC still continued to issue updates normally for 06W even though the system had little signs of activity.[citation needed] After moving generally westward, the system began to move to the southwest and, at 20:00 UTC (4:00 am, August 13th PST), it entered the Philippine's area of responsibility and was given the name Gener by PAGASA.[96][97] At 03:00 UTC on August 13, the JTWC issued its final warning on 06W, ending the monitoring of agency and global agencies.

Severe Tropical Storm Mekkhala (Ferdie)

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 9 – August 11
Peak intensity95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min);
992 hPa (mbar)

Another area of persistent convection formed within the proximity of the through that would also spawn Tropical Storm Jangmi On August 7, west of Luzon. As Jangmi became the dominant system in the area, this low-pressure area remained disorganized. However, on the next day, as Jangmi moved away from the area, the system began to organize, and on August 9, the JTWC upgraded the storm to a Tropical Depression.[98] Soon after, at 8:00 p.m. PST, the PAGASA followed and upgraded the storm and gave it the name Ferdie.[99] By the next day, the JTWC upgraded Ferdie into a tropical storm. The PAGASA then issued its last warning as Ferdie exited the Philippine Area of Responsibility. Then soon, the JMA followed suit and upgraded Ferdie to a tropical storm, giving it the international name Mekkhala.[citation needed] At 07:30 CST on August 11 (23:30 UTC on August 10), Mekkhala made landfall at Zhangpu County in Fujian, China shortly after peak intensity.[100]

Mekkhala forced a Signal No. 1 warning to be placed for the Ilocos region in the Philippines. Mekkhala brought monsoonal conditions to portions of Luzon, shortly after its formation.[101] Although remain well offshore Taiwan, the storm still brought heavy rainfall to the island. [102]

In China, local officials suspended ferry services and told ships to return to port, in preparation for Mekkhala. [103] The China Meteorological Administration issued a Level III emergency response, while flood control workers were sent to areas which were hit by Mekkhala. [104] Mekkhala dropped torrential rainfall over China with amounts of up to 7.874 inches (200 mm) reported in some areas. Train services were halted and flights were cancelled at local airports as Mekkhala moved onshore. [105] In Zhangzhou, Fujian, damage from the storm reached 1.1 billion yuan (US$159 million).[106]

Severe Tropical Storm Higos (Helen)

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 16 – August 20
Peak intensity100 km/h (65 mph) (10-min);
992 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Tropical Storm Higos (2020)

A new tropical depression formed from the Intertropical Convergence Zone east of Luzon on August 16. At 15:00 UTC, the PAGASA named the system "Helen" and began issuing severe weather bulletins for the tropical depression, but dropped the alerts as Helen left the Philippine area of responsibility after 4 hours.[107][108] By the next day, Helen intensified into a tropical storm, being given the name Higos by the JMA. Later in the day, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center also upgraded Higos into a tropical storm. JMA eventually upgraded the system to a severe tropical storm by evening that day.[citation needed] The Hong Kong Observatory and Macau Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau upgraded Higos into a marginal typhoon prior to landfall, with sustained hurricane force winds in Macau indicating such an intensity. Higos made landfall over Zhuhai, Guangdong at peak intensity at around 06:00 CST on August 19 (22:00 UTC on August 18).[109]

In preparation for Higos, the Hong Kong Observatory raised the number 9 tropical cyclone warning signal in Hong Kong to warn of the possibility of hurricane force winds. Winds generally reached gale to storm force over the southern part of Hong Kong under the influence of Higos' small circulation.[110] The Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau issued the number 10 signal, the highest signal, at 05:00 am local time.[111] Over 65,000 people evacuated and schools were closed across these areas. Although heavily populated areas of China were directly hit by Higos, damage was mostly limited to downed trees and power outages.[112] Two campers who were unaware of the approaching storm had to be rescued from Tap Mun Island after arriving on August 14.[113] The storm also left 7 deaths and 45 billion đồng (US$2 million) in damages in Vietnam.[114]

Typhoon Bavi (Igme)

Very strong typhoon (JMA)
Category 3 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 21 – August 27
Peak intensity155 km/h (100 mph) (10-min);
950 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Typhoon Bavi (2020)

On August 19, the JTWC began monitoring a broad area of low pressure situated a couple hundred miles northeast of the Philippine archipelago. By the next day, the system rapidly organised, and the JTWC subsequently issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA). On August 21, the area of low pressure became Tropical Depression 09W.[115] At 15:00 UTC, the PAGASA named the system "Igme" and issued a severe weather bulletin for it.[116] By the next day, Igme intensified into a tropical storm, according to the JMA and was given the name Bavi,[117] subsequently prompting the JTWC to follow suit and upgrade 09W from a tropical depression to a tropical storm. Favorable conditions allowed Bavi to rapidly intensify, and by 12:00 UTC on August 22, the system became a severe tropical storm. As the system left the Philippine Area of Responsibility, the PAGASA stopped issuing weather bulletins for the severe tropical storm.[118] Bavi's period of rapid intensification was brief, and it began a slow intensification phase on August 23.

On August 24, Bavi slowly intensified, and it was later upgraded by the JMA into a typhoon. Later on that day, it became a Category 2 typhoon. By the next day, Bavi intensified even more to become a major Category 3 typhoon. As Bavi moved closer to the Korean peninsula, one person died in Jeju island on August 25.[119] At around 00:30 UTC on August 27, Bavi made landfall over North Pyongan Province, North Korea.[120]

Typhoon Maysak (Julian)

Very strong typhoon (JMA)
Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 27 – September 3
Peak intensity175 km/h (110 mph) (10-min);
935 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Typhoon Maysak (2020)

A low-pressure area east of the Philippines consolidated into a tropical depression on August 27, and simultaneously, a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert was issued for the system.[121][122] Early on August 28, PAGASA upgraded it to a tropical depression with the local name Julian,[123] shortly before the JMA upgraded it to a tropical storm and assigned the international name Maysak.[124] Subsequently, the JTWC upgraded Maysak to a tropical storm too,[125] and then the JMA upgraded it to a severe tropical storm despite its elongated LLCC.[126][127] At 19:00 UTC August 29, the system was upgraded to a typhoon by the JMA[citation needed] and two hours later, PAGASA followed and also upgraded the system to typhoon status.[128] Later on that day, it became a Category 2 typhoon. By the next day, Maysak intensified even more to become a major Category 3 typhoon. Then later on afternoon, it was upgraded to a Category 4 typhoon. Soon, Maysak began to weaken bit-by-bit as it passed the East China Sea, slowing back down to a Category 3 storm.[citation needed]

Typhoon Maysak then made landfall near Busan, South Korea at 02:20 KST on September 3 (17:20 UTC on September 2), with 10-minute maximum sustained winds at 155 km/h (100 mph) and the central pressure at 950 hPa (28.05 inHg).[129] equivalent to a Category 2 typhoon. After that, it crossed the Sea of Japan and hitting North Korea into Jilin, Manchuria in China. Soon after, Typhoon Maysak degenerated into an extratropical low in northeast China.[130]

On September 2, the Panamanian-registered animal transport ship Gulf Livestock 1 transmitted a Mayday and launched lifeboats, at least one of which was found. The ship was west of Japan's Amami Ōshima Island. The Japan Coast Guard has said that the freighter was carrying a crew including 39 Filipinos, 2 Australians, and 2 New Zealanders when it disappeared. The cargo was 5,867 cattle, loaded in Napier, New Zealand, and bound for the port of Jingtang in Tangshan, China.[131] Two fatalities occurred in South Korea where also 120,000 households lost power. [132] In North Korea, Maysak dropped 15.157 inches (385 mm) of precipitation in Wonsan. [133]

Typhoon Haishen (Kristine)

Haishen (Kristine)
Current storm status
Typhoon  (JMA)
Current storm status
Category 4 super typhoon (1-min mean)
Satellite image
Forecast map
As of:09:00 UTC, September 4
Location:22°30′N 134°00′E / 22.5°N 134.0°E / 22.5; 134.0 (Haishen (Kristine))
493 nmi (915 km; 565 mi) SE of Kadena Air Base, Okinawa
Sustained winds:100 knots (185 km/h; 115 mph) (10-min mean)
135 knots (250 km/h; 155 mph) (1-min mean)
gusting to 140 knots (260 km/h; 160 mph)
Pressure:920 hPa (27.17 inHg)
Movement:NW 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph)
See more detailed information.

On August 29, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began tracking a very disorganised tropical disturbance situated a couple hundred miles northeast of Guam, noting that no major models but the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasting's ECMWF model had forecasted for any significant development. By the next day, the disturbance had quickly organised, and the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) for the low-pressure area, and by the next day, it intensified into Tropical Depression 11W. Traversing generally south-westward, the depression quickly intensified into a Tropical Storm. It took the Japan Meteorological Agency for a while to upgrade the system into a tropical storm, and was soon named Haishen. Haishen then began into a period of explosive intensification, and becoming into Severe Tropical Storm Haishen, then into Typhoon Haishen.[citation needed]

Intensification on September 3 was significant - with the system acquiring a pinhole eye early in the day, but underwent a merger eyewall replacement cycle due to the eyewall being inertially unstable. This allowed the eyewall to be more robust and stable, and continual rapid intensification continued throughout the day. Entering the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), the Philippine Atmospheric, Geological and Atmospheric Services Administration (PAGASA) named the system Kristine.[citation needed] Early on September 4, the JTWC assessed that Haishen became a Category 4-equivalent super typhoon - with 1-minute sustained wind speeds of 135 kt (155 mph; 250 km/h)[134], with a clear, symmetrical eye visible on satellite imagery.[citation needed]

Current storm information

As of 09:00 UTC September 4, Typhoon Haishen (Kristine) is located near 22°30′N 134°00′E / 22.5°N 134.0°E / 22.5; 134.0 (Haishen), also about 493 nautical miles (915 km; 565 mi) southeast of Kadena Air Base, Okinawa. Maximum 10-minute sustained winds are at 100 knots (185 km/h; 115 mph), while maximum 1-minute sustained winds are at 135 knots (250 km/h; 155 mph), with gusts up to 140 knots (260 km/h; 160 mph). The minimum central barometric pressure is 920 hPa (27.17 inHg), and the system is moving northwestward at 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph).

For the latest official information see:

Other systems

Late on July 27, the JMA began to track a weak tropical depression in the open Western Pacific.[135] Later on the following day, the system was unofficially classified as a subtropical depression by the JTWC, when it has been given a low-chance of transitioning to a tropical cyclone.[136] On a marginal environment with cyclonic easterly flow, moderate to strong wind shear and 28–30 °C sea surface temperatures, the system was expected to recurve poleward and was to be absorbed by an approaching frontal system.[136] The depression, however, dissipated on July 30.[137]

Storm names

See also: Tropical cyclone naming and History of tropical cyclone naming

Within the Northwest Pacific Ocean, both the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assign names to tropical cyclones that develop in the Western Pacific, which can result in a tropical cyclone having two names.[138] The Japan Meteorological Agency's RSMC Tokyo — Typhoon Center assigns international names to tropical cyclones on behalf of the World Meteorological Organization's Typhoon Committee, should they be judged to have 10-minute sustained windspeeds of 65 km/h (40 mph).[139] PAGASA assigns names to tropical cyclones which move into or form as a tropical depression in their area of responsibility located between 135°E and 115°E and between 5°N and 25°N even if the cyclone has had an international name assigned to it.[138] The names of significant tropical cyclones are retired, by both PAGASA and the Typhoon Committee.[139] Should the list of names for the Philippine region be exhausted then names will be taken from an auxiliary list of which the first ten are published each season. Unused names are marked in gray.

International names

Main article: List of retired Pacific typhoon names

A tropical cyclone is named when it is judged to have 10-minute sustained windspeeds of 65 km/h (40 mph).[140] The JMA selected the names from a list of 140 names, that had been developed by the 14 members nations and territories of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee.[141] Retired names, if any, will be announced by the WMO in 2021; replacement names will be announced in 2022. The next 28 names on the naming list are listed here along with their international numeric designation, if they are used.

  • Bavi (2008)
  • Maysak (2009)
  • Haishen (2010) (active)
  • Noul (unused)
  • Dolphin (unused)
  • Kujira (unused)
  • Chan-hom (unused)
  • Linfa (unused)
  • Nangka (unused)
  • Saudel (unused)
  • Molave (unused)
  • Goni (unused)
  • Atsani (unused)
  • Etau (unused)
  • Vamco (unused)
  • Krovanh (unused)
  • Dujuan (unused)
  • Surigae (unused)
  • Choi-wan (unused)
  • Koguma (unused)
  • Champi (unused)

Philippines

This season, PAGASA will use its own naming scheme for storms that will either develop within or move into their self-defined area of responsibility.[142] The names are taken from a list of names that were last used during 2016 and are scheduled to be used again during 2024.[142] All of the names are the same except Kristine, Leon, and Nika, which replaced the names Karen, Lawin, and Nina after they were retired.[142] The name Kristine is used for the first time.

  • Ambo (2001)
  • Butchoy (2002)
  • Carina
  • Dindo (2004)
  • Enteng (2005)
  • Ferdie (2006)
  • Gener
  • Helen (2007)
  • Igme (2008)
  • Julian (2009)
  • Kristine (2010) (active)
  • Leon (unused)
  • Marce (unused)
  • Nika (unused)
  • Ofel (unused)
  • Pepito (unused)
  • Quinta (unused)
  • Rolly (unused)
  • Siony (unused)
  • Tonyo (unused)
  • Ulysses (unused)
  • Vicky (unused)
  • Warren (unused)
  • Yoyong (unused)
  • Zosimo (unused)
Auxiliary list
  • Alakdan (unused)
  • Baldo (unused)
  • Clara (unused)
  • Dencio (unused)
  • Estong (unused)
  • Felipe (unused)
  • Gomer (unused)
  • Heling (unused)
  • Ismael (unused)
  • Julio (unused)

Retirement

During the season, PAGASA announced that the name Ambo will be removed from their naming lists after this typhoon caused nearly ₱1.6 billion in damage on its onslaught in the country. A replacement name will be chosen in 2021.[143]

Season effects

This table summarizes all the systems that developed within or moved into the North Pacific Ocean, to the west of the International Date Line during 2020. The tables also provide an overview of a system's intensity, duration, land areas affected and any deaths or damages associated with the system.

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Category Wind speed Pressure
Vongfong (Ambo) May 8 – 18 Typhoon 155 km/h (100 mph) 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) Palau, Philippines, Taiwan $31.1 million 5 [34][35]
Nuri (Butchoy) June 10 – 14 Tropical storm 75 km/h (45 mph) 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) Philippines, South China Unknown 1 [55]
Carina July 11 – 15 Tropical depression Not specified 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) Philippines, Taiwan Minimal None
TD July 27 – 29 Tropical depression Not specified 1010 hPa (29.83 inHg) None None None
Sinlaku July 31 – August 3 Tropical storm 65 km/h (40 mph) 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) South China, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar Unknown 6 [70][72]
Hagupit (Dindo) July 31 – August 5 Typhoon 130 km/h (80 mph) 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, East China, Korean Peninsula, Kamchatka Peninsula $411 million 12
Jangmi (Enteng) August 7 – 11 Tropical storm 85 km/h (50 mph) 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) Philippines, Ryukyu Islands, Korean Peninsula Minimal None
06W (Gener) August 9 – 13 Tropical depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 1012 hPa (29.88 inHg) Bonin Islands, Ryukyu Islands None None
Mekkhala (Ferdie) August 9 – 11 Severe tropical storm 95 km/h (60 mph) 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) Philippines, Taiwan, East China $159 million None [106]
Higos (Helen) August 16 – 20 Severe tropical storm 100 km/h (65 mph) 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) Philippines, South China $2 million 7
Bavi (Igme) August 21 – 27 Typhoon 155 km/h (100 mph) 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) Philippines, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, Korean Peninsula, North China, Northeast China Minimal 1
Maysak (Julian) August 27 – September 3 Typhoon 175 km/h (110 mph) 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) Philippines, Ryukyu Islands, Korean Peninsula, Kamchatka Peninsula Unknown 2
Haishen (Kristine) August 31 – Present Typhoon 185 km/h (115 mph) 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) Mariana Islands None None
Season aggregates
13 systems May 8 – Season ongoing 185 km/h (115 mph) 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) $603.1 million 32

See also

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