1275
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This article is about the year 1275.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 12th century – 13th century – 14th century |
| Decades: | 1240s 1250s 1260s – 1270s – 1280s 1290s 1300s |
| Years: | 1272 1273 1274 – 1275 – 1276 1277 1278 |
| 1275 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Art and literature | |
| 1275 in poetry | |
| Gregorian calendar | 1275 MCCLXXV |
| Ab urbe condita | 2028 |
| Armenian calendar | 724 ԹՎ ՉԻԴ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6025 |
| Bahá'í calendar | -569–-568 |
| Bengali calendar | 682 |
| Berber calendar | 2225 |
| English Regnal year | 3 Edw. 1 – 4 Edw. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1819 |
| Burmese calendar | 637 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6783–6784 |
| Chinese calendar | 甲戌年十二月初三日 (3911/3971-12-3) — to —
乙亥年十二月十三日(3912/3972-12-13) |
| Coptic calendar | 991–992 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1267–1268 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5035–5036 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1331–1332 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1197–1198 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4376–4377 |
| Holocene calendar | 11275 |
| Iranian calendar | 653–654 |
| Islamic calendar | 673–674 |
| Japanese calendar | |
| Korean calendar | 3608 |
| Minguo calendar | 637 before ROC 民前637年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1818 |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1275 |
Year 1275 (MCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
[edit] Events
[edit] By place
[edit] Africa
[edit] Asia
- March – The 200,000 multiethnic troops of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty, headed by the Turkish commander Bayan, face a Chinese Song Dynasty army of 130,000 led by the Song Chancellor Jia Sidao. The result is a decisive victory for the Yuan Dynasty, and soon after the much-vilified Jia Sidao is stripped of rank and title, and killed by one of his own guards as he is sent to exile in Fujian by the Song court.
- March 4 – Chinese astronomers observe a total eclipse of the Sun in China.
- The invading forces of the Yuan Dynasty capture the Song Dynasty city of Suzhou.
- Marco Polo purportedly visits Xanadu, Kublai Khan's summer capital of the Yuan Dynasty.
- The city of Kunming is made capital of the Yunnan province of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty.
- Nestorian monk Rabban Bar Sauma begins his pilgrimage from China towards Jerusalem.
- The Japanese era Bun'ei ends, and the Kenji era begins.
[edit] Europe
- April 22 – The first Statute of Westminster is passed by the English Parliament, establishing a series of laws in its 51 clauses, including equal treatment of rich and poor, free and fair elections, and definition of bailable and non-bailable offenses.
- June 14 – King Valdemar I of Sweden is defeated by his brother Magnus in the Battle of Hova, after which Magnus deposes him.
- July 22 – Magnus is elected new king of Sweden.
- October 8 – Battle of Ronaldsway: Scottish forces defeat the Manx of the Isle of Man in a decisive battle, firmly establishing Scottish rule of the island.
- Eleanor de Montfort is captured by pirates in the employ of Edward I of England to prevent her marriage to Llywelyn the Last, prince of Wales; she is used as a bargaining chip over the coming years in Edward's attempts to subjugate Llywelyn and Wales.
- October 27 – Floris V count of holland gave the city of Amsterdam independence of taxes.
- The Mongol Golden Horde raids Lithuania for the third time.
- Around Ciney, in present day Wallonia, start of the war of the cow (end in 1278).
- The first main survey of the Hundred Rolls, an English census seen as a follow up to the Domesday Book completed in 1086, is finished; it began in 1274.
[edit] By topic
[edit] Arts
- Jean de Meun completes the French allegorical work of fiction, Roman de la Rose, with a second section; the first section was written by Guillaume de Lorris in 1230.
[edit] Markets
- In Ghent, first recorded instance of emission of life annuities by a town in the Low Countries, this event confirms a trend of consolidation of local public debt in north-western Europe initiated in 1218 by Rheims.[2]
[edit] Technology
- The verge escapement, a simple type of escapement used in clocks, is invented (exact year unknown).
[edit] Religion
- Ramon Llull establishes a school in Majorca to teach Arabic to preachers in an attempt to aid proselytizing to Moors. He also discovers diethyl ether.
- The era of the tosafot (medieval commentators on the Talmud) ends (began 1100).
[edit] Births
- September 27 – John II, Duke of Brabant (d. 1312)
- Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Lord Badlesmere (d. 1322)
- Dnyaneshwar, Hindu saint and poet (d. 1296)
- Mondino de Liuzzi, Italian physician and anatomist (d. 1326)
- Giovanni d'Andrea, Italian jurist
- approximate date
- William of Alnwick, Franciscan theologian (d. 1333)
- Walter V of Brienne, Duke of Athens (d. 1311)
- Gediminas, Duke of Lithuania (d. 1341)
- Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1313)
- John Menteith, Scottish nobleman (d. 1323)
- Giovanni Villani, Florentine writer (d. 1348)
[edit] Deaths
- April 13 – Eleanor of England (b. 1215)
- August 15 – Lorenzo Tiepolo, Doge of Venice
- September 24 – Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, Constable of England (b. 1208)
- Bohemund VI of Antioch (b. 1237)
- Ferdinand de la Cerda, Infante of Castile, Crown Prince of Castile
[edit] References
- ^ Meynier, Gilbert (2010). L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518). Paris: La Découverte. p. 158. ISBN 9782707152312.
- ^ Zuijderduijn, Jaco (2009). Medieval Capital Markets. Markets for renten, state formation and private investment in Holland (1300-1550). Leiden/Boston: Brill. ISBN 18725155.
