1834 in the United Kingdom
 1834 in the United Kingdom:
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Events from the year 1834 in the United Kingdom. Uniquely, four Prime Ministers serve during the year.
Incumbents
- Monarch - William IV
- Prime Minister -
- until 16 July: Earl Grey (Whig)
- 16 July-14 November: Lord Melbourne (Whig)
- 14 November-10 December: Duke of Wellington (Tory)
- starting 10 December: Robert Peel (Tory)
Events
- February - Robert Owen organises the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union.[1]
- March - William Whewell (anonymously) first publishes the term scientist in the Quarterly Review (but notes it as "not generally palatable").[2]
- 18 March - The Tolpuddle Martyrs, six Dorset farm labourers, are sentenced to be transported to a penal colony for forming a trade union.[3]
- 23 June - HMS Tartarus is launched at Pembroke Dock. It is the Royal Navy's first steam-powered man-of-war (a paddle gunvessel).[4]
- 16 July - Lord Melbourne succeeds Earl Grey as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
- 1 August - Slavery abolished in most of the British Empire by the Slavery Abolition Act 1833.[3]
- 14 August - Poor Law Amendment Act states the able-bodied cannot receive assistance unless they enter a workhouse.
- 15 August - Parliament approves the creation of the colony of South Australia.[5]
- 7 October - Birmingham Town Hall, designed by Joseph Hansom and Edward Welch, is opened for the Birmingham Triennial Music Festival.
- 16 October - Burning of Parliament: Much of the Palace of Westminster is destroyed by fire.
- 14 November - William IV dismisses the government of Melbourne, after proposals for Church reform are made. The Duke of Wellington forms a caretaker government. This will be the last time a British sovereign chooses a Prime Minister contrary to the will of Parliament.
- 10 December - Sir Robert Peel forms his first government.
- 17 December - The Dublin and Kingstown Railway, the first public railway in Ireland, opens between Dublin and Kingstown.
- 18 December
- Tamworth Manifesto published: Peel outlines his guiding principles of government, regarded as the basis of the modern Conservative Party.[6]
- Tithe War in Ireland: "Rathcormac massacre": At Gortroe, County Cork, armed Constabulary reinforced by the regular British Army kill at least nine and wound thirty protesters against tithes.[7][8]
- 23 December - Architect and inventor Joseph Hansom patents the Hansom cab.[3][5]
- 26 December - Ursulines of Jesus take up residence at St Margaret’s Convent in the Whitehouse in Edinburgh, the first Roman Catholic convent established in Scotland since the Reformation;[9] it will be another 5 years before the first such modern establishment in England.
Undated
- The government begins to make grants of 50% towards the erection of new elementary schools in England and Wales.[10]
- Hanging in chains upon a gibbet after execution is abolished in England.
- British East India Company monopoly on China trade ended.
- The Exchequer is abolished as a revenue collecting department of the British government.
- The Institute of British Architects in London, predecessor of the Royal Institute of British Architects, is formed.
- Harrods founded as a grocer in Stepney in the East End of London.[11]
- Augustus Smith acquires the lease on the Isles of Scilly from the Duchy of Cornwall.
- History of computing hardware: Charles Babbage begins the conceptual design of an "analytical engine", a mechanical forerunner of the modern computer. It will not be built in his lifetime.[5][12][13]
- With an average Central England temperature of 10.51 °C or 50.92 °F, this narrowly overtakes 1733 as the hottest calendar year in the CET record until equalled in 1921 and beaten in 1949.[14]
Publications
- W. Harrison Ainsworth's (anonymous) first novel Rookwood, an historical romance featuring the highwayman Dick Turpin.
- Edward Bulwer's (anonymous) novel The Last Days of Pompeii.
Births
- 28 January - Sabine Baring-Gould, hagiographer, antiquarian, novelist and eclectic scholar (died 1924)
- 15 February - William Henry Preece, electrical engineer and inventor (died 1913)
- 19 February - Charles Davis Lucas, Victoria Cross recipient (died 1914)
- 16 March - James Hector, geologist (died 1907)
- 24 March - William Morris, artist, writer, socialist and activist (died 1896)
- 19 June - Charles Spurgeon, Baptist preacher (died 1892)
- 28 June - Samuel Pasco, United States Senator from Florida from 1887 till 1899. (died 1917)
- 4 August - John Venn, mathematician (died 1923)
- 9 September - Joseph Henry Shorthouse, novelist (died 1903)
Deaths
- 12 January - William Wyndham Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (born 1759)
- 11 April - John 'Mad Jack' Fuller, philanthropist and patron of the arts and sciences (born 1757)
- 12 July - David Douglas, botanist (born 1799)
- 25 July - Samuel Taylor Coleridge, poet, critic, and philosopher (born 1772)
- 1 August - Robert Morrison, Protestant missionary to China (born 1782)
- 2 September - Thomas Telford, engineer (born 1757)
- 16 September - William Blackwood, writer (born 1776)
- 11 October - William John Napier, 9th Lord Napier, Navy officer, politician and diplomat (born 1786)
- 5 December - Thomas Pringle, poet (born 1789)
- 23 December - Thomas Malthus, demographer and economist (born 1766)
- 27 December - Charles Lamb, essayist (born 1775)
References
- ^ Marsh, Arthur; et al. Historical Directory of Trade Unions. p. 458.
- ^ "scientist, n." Oxford English Dictionary online version. Oxford University Press. March 2011. Retrieved 28 March 2012. (subscription or participating institution membership required)
- ^ a b c Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- ^ Guard, John (5 January 2004). "History of Pembroke Dockyard". Retrieved 10 January 2012.
- ^ a b c Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 259–260. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ^ Bloy, Marjorie (2011). "The Peel Web". A Web of English History. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
- ^ "The Rathcormac Inquest", House of Commons Debates, vol. 26, pp. 523–4, 3 March 1835, retrieved 17 October 2012
- ^ Rathcormac Tithe Commemoration Committee (1984). A souvenir programme commemorating the Rathmore-Gortroe massacre which took place during the Tithe War on the 18 December, 1834.
- ^ "Introduction" (pdf). Edinburgh: The Gillis Centre. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
- ^ Berry, George (1970). Discovering Schools. Tring: Shire Publications. ISBN 0-85263-091-3.
- ^ "A Brief History of Harrods". Archived from the original on 19 September 2007. Retrieved 12 September 2007.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Babbage's Analytical Engine, 1834-1871 (Trial model)". Science Museum (London). Archived from the original on 20 September 2010. Retrieved 1 October 2010.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Hyman, Anthony (1982). Charles Babbage: Pioneer of the Computer. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-858170-X.
- ^ Hadley Centre Central England Temperature.