Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan

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Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Қазақстанның Қарулы Kүштері
Current form1992
Service branchesRepublican Guard
Kazakhstan Ground Forces
Kazakhstan Air and Air Defence Forces
Kazakhstan Naval Forces
HeadquartersAstana, Almaty
Leadership
Commander-in-ChiefNursultan Nazarbayev
Minister of DefenceAdilbek Dzhaksybekov
Personnel
Military age18-45 years old;
ConscriptionTwo years
Reaching military
age annually		(2005 est.)
Active personnel65,800-100,000[citation needed]
Reserve personnel237,000[citation needed]
Expenditures
Budget$1.502 billion U$D (FY10)[1]
Percent of GDP1.1% (2010 est.)[1]
Industry
Foreign suppliers Russia
 United States
 Belarus
 Turkey
 Ukraine
 Israel
 Latvia
 France
 Lithuania
 Estonia

The Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстанның Қарулы күштері / Qazaqstannyñ Qarūly küshteri), is the name of the unified armed forces of Kazakhstan. The Kazakhstani military is a defence force consisting of the Ground Forces, Air and Air Defence Forces, Naval Forces, Republican Guard. The national defence policy aims which are based on the Constitution of Kazakhstan are to guarantee the preservation of the independence and sovereignty of the state and the integrity of its land area, territorial waters and airspace and its constitutional order. The armed forces of Kazakhstan are performed under the authority of the Kazakhstan Ministry of Defense.

History

On May 7, 1992, the President of Kazakhstan took a number of actions regarding defence. He signed a decree on the 'establishment of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan', the transformation of the State Committee of Defence of the Republic of Kazakhstan into the Ministry of Defence, on the attribution of Sagadat Nurmagambetov the military rank of Colonel General, and the appointment of General-Colonel Sagadat Nurmagambetov as Defence Minister of Kazakhstan. Mukhtar Altynbayev served as the Minister of Defence twice, most recently from December 2001 to 10 January 2007.

On July 6, 2000, a Presidential Decree "On the structure of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan" changed the structure: The Armed Forces returned to a dual structure (general-purpose forces and air defense forces). The Air Mobile Troops were created, the transition to the new military-territorial structure, established military districts, harmonized structure and deployment of troops. On August 7, Lieutenant-General A. B. Dzharbulov was appointed commander of the Southern Military District and Lieutenant-General E. Ertaev became commander of the Eastern Military District.

In February 2001 a Presidential Decree divided the functions of the Ministry of Defence and General Staff. According to the decree, the head of the General Staff subordinates all kinds of aircraft and type of troops and military districts, while the Minister of Defence has a mostly administrative and political functions. On March 30, Major General M. K. Sihimov was appointed commander of the Western Military Region. On October 12, M. Saparov was appointed to Chief of the General Staff and First Deputy of the Defence Minister. V. B. Elamanov became commander of the Air Mobile Troops. On December 8, a new Defense Minister was appointed: General K. Altynbayev, and on December 27, Major General K. K. Akhmadiev was appointed commander of the Air Defense Forces.

Today there are four regional commands: Regional Command Astana, Regional Command South at Taraz, Regional Command East at Semipalatinsk, Regional Command West at Aktobe, as well as the Air Defence Forces, the Air Mobile Troops with four brigades, and the Artillery and Missile Forces (formed as a separate branch on 7 May 2003).[2]

Kazakhstan is a founding member of CSTO and SCO. Kazakhstan also has an Individual Partnership Action Plan with NATO & strategic cooperation with the Turkish Armed Forces.

Ground forces

Regional Commands of Kazakhstan

On November 1, 1992, the First Army Corps was created in Kazakhstan, with its headquarters in Semipalatinsk.[3] Later, at its base was established the Eastern Military District, retitled on 13 November 2003 as Regional Command East.

Immediately prior to its dissolution, the 32nd Army consisted of the 78th Tank Division (Ayaguz); the 5202nd Base for Storage of Weapons and Equipment (BKhVT) Semipalatinsk; the 5203rd BKhVT Ust-Kamenogorsk; and the 5204th BKhVT at Karaganda.

Organisation of the Ground Forces

In the middle of the 1990s Kazakhstan's land forces included the 1st Army Corps (HQ Semipalatinsk), with the 68th Motor Rifle Division (Sary-Ozek, in Kyzylorda Province) – 2 motor-rifle and one tank regiment and the 78th Tank Division (Ayaguz).[4] While the 68th Division was called a motor-rifle formation, in equipment terms it had almost 300 tanks and about 500 armoured fighting vehicles. The 78th Tank Division had 350 tanks, 290 armoured fighting vehicles and 150 artillery pieces. The 210th Separate Training Center (a former motor rifle training division) had 6,000 soldier and officers and 220 tanks and 220 artillery pieces, so was a strengthened division. (It was often called the Division of Guards by Kazakh sources).

Some of Kazakhstan's officers have trained at the United States Military Academy at West Point.

Today the Ground Forces include four regional commands:[5]

  • Regional Command "Astana" (Headquarters Karaganda) - the administrative boundaries of Akmola, Karagandy Province, Kostanay Province and North Kazakhstan. The command acts as the Supreme Commander's reserve. The commander of the district is Major General Vladimir Shatsky (as of April 2008). The District includes the 7th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade at Karaganda.
  • Regional Command "East" (Headquarters Semipalatinsk) - in the administrative boundaries of East Kazakhstan and Pavlodar Province (Families, Ust-Kamenogorsk, George, and Ayagoz Usharalsky garrisons). Commander of the district is Lt. Gen. Nikolai Pospelov (as of September 2008). The District has the 3rd Mechanized Division (formerly the 78th Tank Division) at Ayaguz, three (?) bases for storage of military equipment, 3rd Separate Motor Rifle Brigade at Usharal (Military Unit No.40398, formed on the basis of a motor rifle regiment of the 155th Motor Rifle Division), 4th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade at Novo-Akhmirovo, Ust-Kamenogorsk (Military Unit No.27943), a cannon artillery brigade, and an air defence missile brigade.
  • Regional Command "West", (Headquarters Atyrau) - in the administrative boundaries of the West Kazakhstan Province, Aktobe Province, Atyrau Province and Mangystau Province. The main task is ensuring the integrity of state borders, territorial integrity, sovereignty and economic interests of Kazakhstan in the Kazakh sector of the Caspian Sea. In 2008, the commander of the district appointed general Alimzhan Kanagatovich Erniyazov. The District has separate motor rifle and artillery brigades.
  • Regional Command "South", (Headquarters Taraz) - in the administrative boundaries of Almaty Province, Zhambyl Province, South Kazakhstan Province and Kyzylorda Province. The district's main task is ensuring security in the south-eastern borders of the country. In 2008, General Alikhan Brimzhanovich Dzharbulov was appointed commander of the district. The District includes the 4th Motor Rifle Division at Sary-Ozek in Almaty Province, the 5th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade (Taraz, Military Unit No.85395, 1,500 personnel), the 6th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade (Shymkent, Military Unit No.35748, with five motor rifle and tank battalions, two artillery battalions), a mountain battalion, and the 210th Training Center. The 206th Reserve Division was previously stationed in this command area.

The Air Mobile Force

The Air Mobile Troops were formed by grouping the 35th Air Assault Brigade with new brigades formed from previous Soviet units. Near Karaganda was the 5204th Base for Storage of Weapons and Equipment, the remnants of a motor rifle division.[6] In 1998 two motorized rifle brigades were created from the former storage base. One of which was left near Karaganda, and another called 2nd Separate Motor Rifle Brigade and was relocated 200 kilometers to the north of Astana, which by that time was the capital, and for that reason ought to have a decent court garrison. No units were stationed in Astana (Tslinograd) during the Soviet period. In October 2003, the 36th Separate Air Assault Brigade was formed on the basis of the 2nd Motor Rifle Brigade. On the basis of Taldykorgan Motor Rifle Regiment, 173rd Sary Ozekskoy Motor Rifle Division, in April 2003 was formed the 37th Separate Air Assault Brigade.

  • the 35th Air Assault Brigade at Kapshagai,
  • the 36th Air Assault Brigade at Astana,
  • the 37th Air Assault Brigade at Taldykorgan
  • the 38th Air Assault Brigade - Peacekeeping Brigade KAZBRIG at Almaty[5][7][8]
Gen. Maj. Adilbek Aldaberpenov (left), Kazakhstan Air Mobile Forces commander, greets Lt. Gen. William G. Webster, Third Army/U.S. Army Central commanding general, 2009

Ground Forces Equipment

Ground forces equipment includes:

Tanks

Infantry Fighting Vehicles

Towed Artillery

Self-propelled Artillery

Rocket Artillery

Mortars

  • 120mm 2B11/M-120 - 145[12]

Security agencies and commando units

Main article: Republican Guard (Kazakhstan)
Kazakhstan Republican Guard perform precision drill routines during CENTRASBAT 2000.

There are a number of special forces units reporting to various Kazakh security agencies which are not part of the Armed Forces. The National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan has the Arystan commando unit, KNS' Border Guards has a unit, the Police have units, and the Presidency is reported to have its own units also.

Additionally, a small Republican Guard exists, with 2,500 soldiers (1994), but this force is not considered a part of the Army. The Republican Guard was established on March 6, 1992, when the President of Kazakhstan signed a decree on their creation. The Republican Guard was established on the basis of a separate brigade of operational designation of the Internal Troops deployed in the village of Kaskelen district of Almaty region.[13] Two Republican Guard regiments were created, stationed in Astana and Almaty.

Kazakh Air and Air Defence Forces

Air Force roundel
Mi-8 of Kazakhstan Air Force
Airbus A330-200 of Kazakhstan Air Force
Tupolev Tu-134A of Kazakhstan Air Force
CASA C-295 of Kazakhstan Air Force.

Air Force 12,000 (incl Air Defence) 1 air force division. Pilots fly approximately 100 hour per year.

Facilities

Today the Kazakh Air and Air Defence Force has four fast jet bases:[14]

Equipment

Aircraft

Aircraft Origin Type Versions In service Notes
Fighter Aircraft
Mikoyan MiG-29 Fulcrum  Soviet Union
 Russia		 fighter MiG-29UB 39[15]
Mikoyan MiG-25 Foxbat  Soviet Union interceptor MiG-25PD 16[16] In inventory as of November 2008[17]
Mikoyan MiG-31 Foxhound  Soviet Union interceptor MiG-31/-31B 42[15]
Sukhoi Su-27 Flanker  Russia fighter Su-27/-27UB 47[15] 10 aircraft were upgrading, multi-role Su-27BM2/Su-27UBM2[18]
Ground-Attack Aircraft
Sukhoi Su-24 Fencer  Soviet Union bomber Su-24 40[15]
Sukhoi Su-25 Frogfoot  Soviet Union attack Su-25/-25UB 18[15]
Mikoyan MiG-27 Flogger  Soviet Union attack MiG-27M/-27D 12[15]
Mikoyan MiG-23 Flogger  Soviet Union combat-trainer MiG-23UB 3[15]
VIP Transport
Airbus A330-200  European Union VIP transport A330-200 2 Chartered from Berkut Air
Airbus A320-200  European Union VIP transport A320-200 1 Chartered from Berkut Air
Boeing 757-200  United States VIP transport 757-200 1 Chartered from Berkut Air
Boeing 737  United States VIP transport 737-7EJ BBJ 1 P4-KAZ
Tupolev Tu-154  Soviet Union VIP transport Tu-154M Lux 1 UP-T5401
Tupolev Tu-134  Soviet Union VIP transport Tu-134A
Tu-134A-3		 1
1		 UN-65120
UN-65683
Yakovlev Yak-40  Soviet Union VIP transport Yak-40 1 UN-87488
Tactical Transport
Antonov An-12 Cub  Soviet Union tactical transport An-12 3[15]
Antonov An-26 Curl  Soviet Union tactical transport An-26 6[15]
CASA C-295  Spain tactical transport C-295 2 10 ordered
Antonov An-72 Coaler  Soviet Union tactical transport An-72 3[15]
Attack Helicopters
Mil Mi-24 Hind  Soviet Union attack helicopter (Russian modernisation) Mi-24P/-24V 36[15]
Airlift, Transport, and Utility Helicopters
Eurocopter EC145  European Union transport helicopter EC145 6 (39)[15] total purchase of 45
Eurocopter EC725  European Union transport helicopter EC725 0 (20)[19] 20 on order, to be assembled locally[20]
Bell UH-1 Iroquois  United States utility helicopter UH-1H 12[21]
Mil Mi-8 Hip  Soviet Union
 Russia		 transport helicopter Mi-17/-17V-5 14[15]
Mil Mi-26 Halo  Soviet Union transport helicopter Mi-26T/-26TZ 8[15]
Training Aircraft and Helicopters
Aero L-39 Albatros  Czech Republic trainer L-39 20[15]

Surface-to-Air Missiles include:

Future Purchases

On 28 Oct 2010, two strategic agreements signed today establish the framework for Eurocopter’s creation of a 50/50 joint venture with Kazakhstan Engineering Kazakhstan to assemble EC145 helicopters, along with the sale of 45 of these locally-assembled aircraft for government missions in the country.[22] On 28 November 2011, Eurocopter delivered the first of six EC145s ordered to date by the Kazakh Ministries of Defense and Emergencies.[23] Deliveries are to continue through 2017.

On 3 January 2012, Airbus Military signed a firm contract with Kazspetsexport, a state company belonging to the Ministry of Defence of Kazakhstan, to supply two EADS CASA C-295 military transport aircraft plus the related service support package for spare parts and ground support equipment.[24] Additionally, a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) has been signed for a further six C295 aircraft, for which separate firm contracts will be signed progressively over the next few years. The first two aircraft will be delivered by April 2013 and for the remaining six aircraft a delivery schedule will be defined over the following years.[24] This purchase likely represents a quid pro quo. In 2008, EADS made titanium sourcing agreements with Kazakh suppliers.[25]

May 2012, Ukraine’s Kharkov Morozov agreed to a $150 million deal with Kazakhstan Engineering to jointly produce 100 BTR-4 armored personnel carriers (APCs).[26] Deliveries are to begin in 2012 with 10 BTR-4s delivered. The remaining vehicles are to be delivered in 2013.

May 2012, Kazakhstan has signed a letter of intent to acquire 20 Eurocopter EC725 helicopters. They will be assembled in Astana by Kazakhstan Engineering.[27]

Naval Force

Kazakh Naval Force
Kazakh naval emblem
CountryRepublic of Kazakhstan
Size3,000 personnel
14 vessels
Insignia
Navy Ensign

On 7 May 2003, Kazakhstan’s Naval Forces were established by presidential decree. They operate on the Caspian Sea, based at Aktau. The Kazakh Naval Force has a strength of 3,000 personnel and is equipped with 14 inshore patrol craft.[28]

In 2011, a naval aviation base was opened in Aktau. The 612th air base in Aktau will include two Su-27 fighter jets, seven Su-27 pilots and 12 helicopter gunship pilots, according to a report in Interfax-Kazakhstan (not online, via BBC Monitoring). The report doesn't say what kind of helicopters, or how many, but they're presumably Mi-24s.

Equipment includes:

References

  1. ^ a b "SIPRI Publications".
  2. ^ http://www.mod.kz/indexe2d7.html?post=310&lang=eng
  3. ^ For early information on Kazakstan's land forces, see also 'Kazakstan's Defence Profile Revealed,' Jane's Defence Weekly, 9 October 1993
  4. ^ Machine translated and cleaned up from a kazakh source at http://www.nomad.su/?a=2-200205081022, 'Military-political safety of Kazakhstan'
  5. ^ a b Most specific unit information, including military unit numbers, locations, etc is sourced from Vad777, Kazakh Ground Forces, accessed February 2010
  6. ^ History of the Airmobile Forces of Kazakhstan, http://desantura.ru/articles/23/?PAGEN_1=2
  7. ^ http://www.tam.usace.army.mil/MED10-07-21-03.asp
  8. ^ http://www.nato.int/issues/nato-kazakhstan/
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l IISS 2009 The Military Balance 2010, p364
  10. ^ "Kazakhstan's News Bulletin, April 11, 2007". Prosites-kazakhembus.homestead.com. Retrieved 2010-11-27.
  11. ^ UNITED NATIONS - Office for Disarmament Affairs
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i IISS 2009 The Military Balance 2010, p365
  13. ^ http://www.inform.kz/rus/article/231106
  14. ^ Vad777, Brinkster.net, July 2010
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Flightglobal 2011 World Air Forces 2011/2012, p18
  16. ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-25#cite_note-FI_AirForces_2008-62
  17. ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-25#cite_note-FI_AirForces_2008-62
  18. ^ http://www.spy.kz/Vlast_i_Politic/VVS-Kazahstana-vpervye-prodemonstrirovali-modernizirovannye-istrebiteli-Su-27UBM2/
  19. ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EC725#cite_note-3
  20. ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EC725#cite_note-3
  21. ^ http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ВВС_Казахстана#cite_note-14
  22. ^ http://www.helihub.com/2010/10/28/kazakhstan-buys-45-ec145s-and-signs-production-jv-with-eurocopter/
  23. ^ http://www.helihub.com/2011/11/28/first-of-six-ec145s-deliverd-to-kazakhstan/
  24. ^ a b http://www.airbusmilitary.com/PressRelease/tabid/133/ArticleId/191/Airbus-Military-signs-contract-with-Kazakhstan-for-two-C295-aircraft.aspx
  25. ^ http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/EADS-Signs-its-Own-Titanium-Deal-with-Kazakhstan-04751/?utm_campaign=newsletter&utm_source=did&utm_content=Exelis%27+Prospects+%7C+SU-24s+%7C+C-130J+Data+%7C+LPD+27+%7C+IOTV+%7C+Ammo+Handling+Systems&date_sent=2012-03-02+14%3A17%3A43
  26. ^ http://www.defensenews.com/article/20120503/DEFREG03/305030004/Kazakh-Defense-Exhibit-Features-Helo-Vehicle-Deals?odyssey=tab%7Ctopnews%7Ctext%7CFRONTPAGE
  27. ^ http://www.eads.com/eads/int/en/news/press.20120510_ec_ec725_kazakhstan.html
  28. ^ IISS 2009 The Military Balance 2010
  29. ^ IISS 2009 The Military Balance 2010
  30. ^ IISS 2009 The Military Balance 2010
  31. ^ IISS 2009 The Military Balance 2010
  32. ^ IISS 2009 The Military Balance 2010
  33. ^ IISS 2009 The Military Balance 2010
  • CIA World Factbook, 2003 edition.
  • See also Abai TASBULATOV, The Kazakhstani Republican Guard: Its Record and Development Prospects, Military Thought, No. 4, 2009, page(s): 136-142

External links


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