List of active separatist movements in North America
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This is a list of currently active separatist movements in North America. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism. What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must be movements that currently exist, which are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region.
- They are active movements with living, active members.
- They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region.
- They are the citizen/peoples of the conflict area and do not come from other countries.
Under each region listed is one or more of the following:
- De facto state: for regions with de facto autonomy from the government
- Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state
- Proposed autonomous area: for movements toward greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession
- De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region
- Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control
- Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession
- Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations (sometimes called terrorist organisations)
- Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities
- Ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/regional/religious group(s)
Antigua and Barbuda
- Proposed state:
Barbuda
- Political parties:
Barbuda People's Movement[1]
- Political parties:
Canada
Regions and islands
- Proposed state: Republic of Cascadia
- Advocacy group: Cascadia Department of Bioregion[2]
- Proposed state: West Canada (Includes Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, and Northwest Territories)
- Political party: Maverick Party
Individual provinces
- Proposed: Independence for Alberta[3]
- Political parties: Independence Party of Alberta, Wildrose Independence Party of Alberta
- Political party: Buffalo Party of Saskatchewan
- Proposed: Independence for Quebec
- Civil organization: Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society, Mouvement national des Québécois et des Québécoises (MNQ), Rassemblement pour l'indépendance du Québec (RIQ), Les Intellectuels pour la souveraineté (IPSO), Mouvement de libération nationale du Québec (MLNQ), Réseau de Résistance du Québecois (RRQ)
- Political parties: Parti Québécois, Bloc Québécois, Québec solidaire, Communist Party of Canada, Marxist–Leninist Party of Quebec, Climat Québec
- Proposed: Autonomy for Quebec
- Political party: Coalition Avenir Québec, Équipe Autonomiste
Denmark
- Secessionist movements
- Proposed: Independence for Greenland[4][5]
- Political parties: Inuit Ataqatigiit, Siumut, Naleraq and Nunatta Qitornai.
France
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- Autonomist movements or Secessionist movements
- Proposed state:
Guadeloupe
- Proposed state:
Martinique
- Political party:
Martinican Independence Movement
- Political party:
- Proposed: Unification with Sint Maarten to become
Saint Martin
- Advocacy group:Unification of Saint Martin
Mexico
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Mexican states
- Ethnic group: Mayans, Tzotzil
- De facto autonomous area:
Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities
- Militant organization: Zapatista Army of National Liberation
- De facto autonomous area:
- Ethnic group: Northern Mexicans or "Nortenos".
- De facto autonomous areas: Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa, Chihuahua, Durango, Coahuila, Nuevo León and Tamaulipas states.
- Ethnic group: Maya
- Proposition: Definitive recognition of rights to ownership of traditional lands[9][10]
- Defunct political party: Alliance for Yucatan Party
- Proposed state:
Yucatán
- Proposed state:
Netherlands
Major Movements
- Proposed state:
Aruba
- Political parties: People's Electoral Movement (Aruba), Concentration for the Liberation of Aruba
- Referendums: 1977
- Political parties: Movement for the Future of Curaçao, Sovereign People
- Referendums: 1993 and 2005
Minor Movements
- Proposed state:
Sint Eustatius
- Proposed state: Unification with Collectivity of Saint Martin to become Saint Martin
- Advocacy group: Unification of Saint Martin
- Referendums: 1994 and 2000
Nicaragua
- Proposed state: Moskitia
- Proposed: independence declared for the "Communitarian Nation of Moskitia"[11]
Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Proposed state:
Nevis
- Political parties: Nevis Reformation Party (autonomist), Concerned Citizens' Movement (secessionist)
Trinidad and Tobago
- Proposed: greater autonomy for Tobago
- Political party: Tobago Organisation of the People
United States
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Regions
Cascadia- Proposed state: Republic of Cascadia
- Advocacy group: Cascadia Department of Bioregion[2]
Republic of Lakotah proposal- Proposed state: Republic Of Lakotah
- Advocacy group Lakota Freedom Movement
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- Proposed state: Confederate States of America or Southern United States or Dixie or Dixieland
- Advocacy groups: League of the South, other neo-Confederate groups
- Proposed state: Deseret
- Advocacy groups: Mormons, White supremacists[13][14]
- Proposed state: Republic of New Afrika
- Racial group: African Americans
- Proposed entity: Includes Louisiana, Alabama, South Carolina, Georgia, and Mississippi
- Advocacy group: Pan-Africanists
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Northwest Territorial Imperative[17][18]
- Racial group: White Americans
- Proposed state: Northwest American Republic
- Advocacy groups: White supremacists[17][19]
States
- Proposed state: Republic of Alaska
- Political party: Alaskan Independence Party[20]
- Proposed state: Second Californian Republic/"New" California
- Ethnic group: Americans, Californios, Indigenous Californians
- Advocacy groups: Yes California, Californians for Independence
- Political parties: California National Party, California Freedom Coalition
- Proposed state:
Kingdom of Hawaii or Republic of Hawaii
- Ethnic group: Americans, Hawaiians, Native Hawaiians, Haoles
- Advocacy groups: Hawaiian sovereignty movement, Nation of Hawaiʻi (organization), Office of Hawaiian Affairs, Ka Lāhui Hawaiʻi
- Political party: Aloha ʻĀina Party
- Proposed state:
Republic of Texas
- Ethnic group: Americans, Tejanos
- Advocacy groups: Texas Nationalist Movement
- Proposed state: New Hampshire
- Advocacy groups: NHexit,[21] Foundation for New Hampshire Independence,[22] Free State Project
- Proposed state:
Vermont Republic
- Political party: Vermont Independence Party[23][24] Green Mountain Anarchist Collective (Anarchist)
- Advocacy group:
Second Vermont Republic
Territories
Independence movement in Puerto Rico
- Political party: Puerto Rican Independence Party (PIP)
- Advocacy groups: Puerto Rican Nationalist Party, Movimiento Independentista Nacional Hostosiano (MINH), Socialist Front (FS)
- Militant organization: Boricua Popular Army (Macheteros), Cadets of the Republic
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United Kingdom
- Proposed state:
Republic of Anguilla
- Proposed state:
Bermuda
- Political party: Progressive Labour Party (Bermuda), One Bermuda Alliance (Historically), Gombey Liberation Movement
See also
References
- ^ "Heated debate on Barbuda secession begins in parliament". Antigua Observer. Antigua Observer. 25 September 2020. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
- ^ a b "Cascadia Department of Bioregion home page". Retrieved 2022-03-21.
- ^ Cecco, Leyland; Agren, David (25 November 2019). "Wexit: Alberta's frustration fuels push for independence from Canada". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
- ^ "Greenland Steps Up Its Independence Calls as Oil Ambitions Grow". Bloomberg.com. 2011-01-11. Retrieved 2020-12-16.
- ^ "As the ice melts, Greenland considers its future". BBC News. 2020-01-09. Retrieved 2020-12-16.
- ^ Post, Mexico Daily (2020-04-15). "Nortexit: Mexicans propose in social networks to form the Northern Republic of Mexico -". The Mazatlan Post. Retrieved 2022-07-16.
- ^ "Republic of Northern Mexico Gains More Interest on Facebook Following Catalonia Vote". www.pvangels.com. Retrieved 2022-07-16.
- ^ "catalonia-vote-feeds-separatist-sentiment". 7 October 2017.
- ^ "Ethnic organizations support Maya land rights, reparations". Belize News and Opinion on www.breakingbelizenews.com. 2015-07-23. Retrieved 2022-10-02.
- ^ Mattiace, S.; Mola, Patricia Fortuny Loret de (2015). "Yucatec Maya Organizations in San Francisco, California: Ethnic Identity Formation Across Migrant Generations". Latin American Research Review. 50 (2): 201–215. doi:10.1353/lar.2015.0019. S2CID 146126470.
- ^ "BBC News - Nicaragua's Miskitos seek independence". 2022-07-04. Archived from the original on 2022-07-04. Retrieved 2022-10-31.
- ^ "Independence for Nevis still on the agenda, says premier". Caribbean Net News. 2006-07-16. Archived from the original on 2006-08-08. Retrieved 2019-03-19.
- ^ a b "New movement of religious extremists push ultra-conservative vision in US". the Guardian. 2021-08-09. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
- ^ exposedeznat. "The Official Guide To DezNat | Deseret Nationalism | DezNat Exposed". Retrieved 2022-11-28.
- ^ Fenster, Jordan (2021-08-06). "Could New England secede from the union? This group hopes so". CT Insider. Retrieved 2022-06-20. "New England Independence Campaign". Retrieved 2022-10-09.
- ^ https://www.newenglandindependence.org/
- ^ a b "North American Republic". Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved 2019-12-13.
- ^ "Nazi and Neo-Nazi Flags in the United States, Northwest Front, Flags of the World".
- ^ Gardell, Mattias (2003-06-27). Gods of the Blood: The Pagan Revival and White Separatism. Duke University Press. pp. 112–13. ISBN 9780822330592.
- ^ "Alaskan Independence Party".
- ^ "NHexit.US".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Foundation for New Hampshire Independence – First Before. First Again". Foundation for New Hampshire Independence. Retrieved 2022-09-03.
- ^ "NHexit".
- ^ "Vermont Independence Party convention". Seven Days newspaper. September 2012.
- ^ 1967 Anguillian separation referendum
- ^ 1995 Bermudian independence referendum