List of wars involving Kazakhstan: Difference between revisions

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This is a list of wars involving Republic of Kazakhstan, Kazakh and the predecessor states of Kazakhstan to the present day. It also includes wars fought outside Kazakhstan by the Kazakh military.

Legends of results:

Victory

Defeat

Stalemate

Ongoing conflict

Cumania (1030-1243)

After the fall of the Kimek-Kipchak confederation at the beginning of the 11th century. military-political hegemony on the territory of the former settlement of the Kimek, Kipchak and Cuman tribes passed into the hands of the Kipchak khans. The dynastic nobility of the Kipchaks who came to power began to take active steps in the southern and western directions, which led to direct contacts with the states of Central Asia and Southeast Europe.

Date	Conflict	Combatant I	Combatant II	Result
1035	Kipchak conquest of the Pontic-Caspian steppe	Cumania	Pechenegs Khazar tribes	Victory
1055-1223	Russo-Kipchak Wars^[1] Bonyak Khan's attack on Kyiv in 1096	Cumania	Kievan Rus’	Victory The capture of the Tmutarakan principality and Belaya Vezha by the Kipchaks
1065	Seljuk campaign against Cumania	Cumania	Seljuk Empire	Defeat Seljuk capture of Mangistau
1068	Kipchak attack on Mangistau	Cumania	Seljuk Empire	Victory Kipchak recapture of Mangistau
1070	First Kipchak Invasion of Hungary^[2] Sack of Nir Province (Victory)	Cumania	Kingdom of Hungary	Victory
1091	Second Kipchak Invasion of Hungary Battle of the Temesh River (Defeat)	Cumania	Kingdom of Hungary	Defeat
1091	Battle of Levounion	Cumania Byzantine Empire	Pechenegs	Victory
1121	Battle of Didgori	Cumania Kingdom of Georgia	Seljuk Empire	Victory
1223	Battle of the Kalka River	Cumania	Mongol Empire	Defeat

Kazakh Khanate (1465-1847)

Kazakh khanate was established by Janibek Khan and Kerei Khan in 1465. Both khans came from Turco-Mongol clan of Tore which traces its lineage to Genghis Khan through dynasty of Jochids. The Tore clan continued to rule the khanate until its fall to the Russian Empire.

From 16th to 17th century, the Kazakh Khanate ruled and expanded its territories to eastern Cumania (modern-day West Kazakhstan), to most of Uzbekistan, Karakalpakstan and the Syr Darya river with military confrontation as far as Astrakhan and Khorasan Province, which are now in Russia and Iran, respectively. The Khanate was later weakened by a series of Oirat and Dzungar invasions. These resulted in a decline and further disintegration into three Juzes, which gradually lost their sovereignty and were incorporated to the expanding Russian Empire in the 19th century.

Date	Conflict	Combatant I	Combatant II	Result
1468-1500	Kazakh War of Independence	Kazakh Khanate	Uzbek Khanate	Victory Kazakhs maintain independence from the Uzbek Khanate
1502-1528	Persian-Uzbek wars Abulkhair Sultan, son of Kasym Khan, dies at the hands of Ismail Shah. Battle of Marv, 2 December 1510.	Kazakh Khanate Khanate of Bukhara	Safavid Iran Timurid Empire	Defeat
1509	2nd Kazakh-Uzbek War	Kazakh Khanate	Khanate of Bukhara	Victory
1522-1538	First Kazakh Khanate Civil War Kazakh Khanate during the First Civil War	Tahir Khan Tugim Khan Haqnazar Khan	Ahmet Khan Buydash Khan	Victory for Haqnazar Khan Unity of the Kazakh Khanate
1568	Battle of the Emba (river)	Kazakh Khanate	Nogai Horde Russian Empire	Victory^[3]^[4]^[5] Kazakhs expand to Astrakhan
1643-1756	Kazakh-Dzungar Wars	Kazakh Khanate	Dzungar Khanate	Victory Dzungar genocide Destruction of the Dzungar Khanate
1837-1847	Rebellion of Kenesary Khan The battle of the Ural Cossacks with the Kazakhs	Kazakh Khanate	Russian Empire Khanate of Kokand Kara-Kyrgyz Khanate	Initial victory, later defeat End of the Kazakh Khanate

Colonial Age (1847-1917)

In 1847, the khan's power in the Kazakh zhuzes was abolished, and the territory as an administrative unit was included in the Russian Empire.

Date	Conflict	Combatant I	Combatant II	Result
1868-1869	First Adayev uprising^[6] Battle of Zhamansai (Victory) Verevkin's expedition (Defeat)	Aday tribe	Russian Empire	Defeat
1870	Second Adayev uprising^[7] Kazakhs from the Aday tribe	Aday tribe	Russian Empire Caucasus Military District	Defeat
1916-1917	Central Asian revolt of 1916 Amangeldy Imanov (1873-1919). Postage stamp of the USSR 1961.	Turkic tribal confederations^[8] Kazakh rebels Kyrgyz rebels	Russian Turkestan Emirate of Bukhara^[9] Kazakh tribes^[9]	Defeat Revolt suppressed

Alash Autonomy (1917-1920)

Kazakhs, tired of almost a century of Russian colonization, started to rise up. In the 1870s-80s, schools in Kazakhstan massively started to open, which developed elite, future Kazakh members of the Alash party. In 1916, after conscription of Muslims into the military for service in the Eastern Froby during World War I, Kazakhs and Kyrgyzs rose up against the Russian government, with uprisings until February 1917.

The state was proclaimed during the Second All-Kazakh Congress held at Orenburg from 5–13 December 1917 OS (18-26 NS), with a provisional government being established under the oversight of Alikhan Bukeikhanov. However, the nation's purported territory was still under the de facto control of the region's Russian-appointed governor, Vassily Balabanov, until 1919. In 1920, he fled the Russian Red Army for self-imposed exile in China, where he was recognised by the Chinese as Kazakhstan's legitimate ruler.

Following its proclamation in December 1917, Alash leaders established the Alash Orda, a Kazakh government which was aligned with the White Army and fought against the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War. In 1919, when the White forces were losing, the Alash Autonomous government began negotiations with the Bolsheviks. By 1920, the Bolsheviks had defeated the White Russian forces in the region and occupied Kazakhstan. On 17 August 1920, the Soviet government established the Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, which in 1925 changed its name to Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, and finally to Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic in 1936.

Date	Conflict	Combatant I	Combatant II	Result
1918-1919	Zhetysu Front^[10] Semirechye Oblast in 1900	Alash Autonomy Alash Autonomy Militia	RSFSR	Victory
1919	Aktobe Operation^[11]	Alash Autonomy Alash Autonomy Militia White army	RSFSR	Defeat
1919	Spring offensive of the White Army The offensive in the spring of 1919 Kolchak's army	Alash Autonomy Alash Autonomy Militia White army	RSFSR	Victory
1919	Turgai uprising^[12] Turgai Oblast in 1914	Alash Autonomy Alash Autonomy Militia	RSFSR * Red Kazakhs	Victory Death of Amangeldy Imanov
1919	Anti-Soviet uprising in Tashkent^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]	Alash Autonomy Alash Autonomy Militia White army	RSFSR	Defeat Suppression of the uprising
1919-1920	Ural-Guryev Operation Ural Oblast in 1900	Alash Autonomy Alash Autonomy Militia White army	RSFSR	Defeat The Ural Oblast is occupied by the Red Army.

Republic of Kazakhstan (1991-present)

Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union from 1988 to 1991.

Date	Conflict	Combatant I	Combatant II	Result
1991-1999	Anti-terrorist operation in Kazakhstan Ural events (1991) ^[17] Ust-Kamenogorsk events (1994).^[18] Uprising in Kokshetau (1996)^[19] Pugachev rebellion (1999)^[20]	Kazakhstan NSC	Russian separatists Ural Cossacks Semirechye Cossacks	Victory Territorial integrity of the Republic of Kazakhstan preserved
1991-2022	Ethnic conflicts in Kazakhstan	Kazakhs Kazakh nationalists	Russian separatists Ural Cossacks Semirechye Cossacks / Chechen separatists Kurds Dungans	Successful resistance of Kazakh nationalists About two million Russians returned to Russia All Chechen pogroms were suppressed 20,000 Dungans left Kazakhstan
1992-1997	Tajikistani Civil War	CSTO Kazakhstan	United Tajik Opposition Jamiat-e Islami (until 1996) Afghanistan (until 1996) Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (until 1996) Taliban factions	Millitary stalemale United Nations-sponsored armistice Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed Rahmon wins the 1999 Tajik presidential election The United Tajik Opposition is promised 30 percent of the ministerial positions^[21]
1996-2001	Afghan Civil War	Kazakhstan Islamic State of Afghanistan	Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan al-Qaeda Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan East Turkistan Islamic Party Tanzeem-e-Nifaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi Pakistan	Millitary stalemale
2002–present	Operation Enduring Freedom - Horn of Africa	Kazakhstan NATO	Insurgents: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (from 2015) al-Qaeda (from 2002) Al-Shabaab (from 2006) al-Itihaad al-Islamiya (2002–06) Hizbul Islam (2009–14) Ras Kamboni Brigades (2007–10) Jabhatul Islamiya (2007–09) Mu'askar Anole (2007–09)	Ongoing
2003-2011	Iraq War	Kazakhstan United States MNF–I United Kingdom New Iraqi government Iraqi Kurdistan	Iraq (2003)	Victory Overthrow of Saddam Hussein
2016	Aktobe shootings	Kazakhstan National Guard of Kazakhstan	Islamic extremists	Victory The terrorists were caught
2022	2022 Kazakh unrest Counterterrorist forces in search for anti-government militants at a parking lot in Almaty, 8 January 2022	Government of Kazakhstan CSTO	Kazakh Opposition	Ceasefire

References

^ Kipchak | people
^ Древняя Русь в свете зарубежных источников: Хрестоматия. Т. [V: Западноевропейские источники./Сост., леревод и комментарии А.В. Назаренко. - - М.: Русский фонд содействия образованию и науке, 2010. - - 512 с.
^ "Haqq Nazar | Kazakh ruler". Britannica.com. Retrieved 2016-02-02.
^ A History of the Moghuls of Central Asi: The Tarikh-i-Rashidi By Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlt, N. Elias, Sir E Denison Ross page 121
^ Dughlt, Mirza Muhammad Haidar (January 2008). A History of the Moghuls of Central Asi: The Tarikh-i-Rashidi - Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlt - Google Books. ISBN 9781605201504. Retrieved 2016-02-02.
^ http://bibliotekar.kz/istorija-kazahstana-11-klass-2011-god-es/-8-nacionalno-osvoboditelnye-dvizhenija-.html
^ "Мангыстауское восстание". Казахстан. Национальная энциклопедия: в 5-ти томах. Vol. 3: К—М. Алматы: Қазақ энциклопедиясы. 2005. p. 479. ISBN 9965-9746-4-0. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
^ "Semirechye on Fire (Timestamp 33:30)". Retrieved 2018-11-20.
^ ^a ^b Ubiria, Grigol (2015). Soviet Nation-Building in Central Asia: The Making of the Kazakh and Uzbek Nations. Routledge. p. 60. ISBN 978-1317504351.
^ М. Ивлев. Гибель Семиреченского казачьего войска (1917-20 гг.) //Альманах «Белая гвардия», № 8. Казачество России в Белом движении. М.: «Посев», стр. 225—235 [1]
^ "ГРАЖДАНСКАЯ ВОЙНА и ВОЕННАЯ ИНТЕРВЕНЦИЯ в СССР 1918-1922" [Civil War and Military intervention in the USSR 1918-1922]. Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Moscow. 1983. Retrieved 13 February 2023.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ Контрреволюционный переворот в Тургае
^ http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=515862 Иван Медведев «Золото красных путчистов», газета «Коммерсантъ Власть», номер 41 от 18 октября 2004
^ Леонид Петрович Тримасов. «Ночи без тишины. Повесть-воспоминания», Ташкент, «Ёш-гвардия», 1964.
^ http://memoryoffuture.blogspot.com/2010/05/1919.html «Осиповский» мятеж в Ташкенте (январь 1919 года)Archived 2014-08-12 at the Wayback Machine
^ Д. Л. Голинков «Крушение антисоветского подполья в СССР», том 1/Глава 9. «Подавление контрреволюционного мятежа в Ташкенте в январе 1919 г»
^ Ержан Карабек (2011-09-09). "Уральские события 1991 года. Тайны и легенды". Радио Азаттык. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Cite error: The named reference шестаков was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference завтра was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Илья Азар (20 October 2014). "Усть-Каменогорская народная республика Ждут ли русские в Казахстане "вежливых людей": репортаж Ильи Азара". Meduza. Archived from the original on 2015-04-25. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Central Asia's Security: Issues and Implications for U.S. Interests Archived 8 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine CRS Report for Congress

[1] Kipchak | people

[2] Древняя Русь в свете зарубежных источников: Хрестоматия. Т. [V: Западноевропейские источники./Сост., леревод и комментарии А.В. Назаренко. - - М.: Русский фонд содействия образованию и науке, 2010. - - 512 с.

[3] "Haqq Nazar | Kazakh ruler". Britannica.com. Retrieved 2016-02-02.

[4] A History of the Moghuls of Central Asi: The Tarikh-i-Rashidi By Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlt, N. Elias, Sir E Denison Ross page 121

[5] Dughlt, Mirza Muhammad Haidar (January 2008). A History of the Moghuls of Central Asi: The Tarikh-i-Rashidi - Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlt - Google Books. ISBN 9781605201504. Retrieved 2016-02-02.

[6] ttp://bibliotekar.kz/istorija-kazahstana-11-klass-2011-god-es/-8-nacionalno-osvoboditelnye-dvizhenija-.html

[7] "Мангыстауское восстание". Казахстан. Национальная энциклопедия: в 5-ти томах. Vol. 3: К—М. Алматы: Қазақ энциклопедиясы. 2005. p. 479. ISBN 9965-9746-4-0. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)

[timestamp3330-8] "Semirechye on Fire (Timestamp 33:30)". Retrieved 2018-11-20.

[ubiria-9] Ubiria, Grigol (2015). Soviet Nation-Building in Central Asia: The Making of the Kazakh and Uzbek Nations. Routledge. p. 60. ISBN 978-1317504351.

[10] М. Ивлев. Гибель Семиреченского казачьего войска (1917-20 гг.) //Альманах «Белая гвардия», № 8. Казачество России в Белом движении. М.: «Посев», стр. 225—235 [1]

[11] "ГРАЖДАНСКАЯ ВОЙНА и ВОЕННАЯ ИНТЕРВЕНЦИЯ в СССР 1918-1922" [Civil War and Military intervention in the USSR 1918-1922]. Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Moscow. 1983. Retrieved 13 February 2023.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[12] Контрреволюционный переворот в Тургае

[13] ttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=515862 Иван Медведев «Золото красных путчистов», газета «Коммерсантъ Власть», номер 41 от 18 октября 2004

[14] Леонид Петрович Тримасов. «Ночи без тишины. Повесть-воспоминания», Ташкент, «Ёш-гвардия», 1964.

[15] ttp://memoryoffuture.blogspot.com/2010/05/1919.html «Осиповский» мятеж в Ташкенте (январь 1919 года)Archived 2014-08-12 at the Wayback Machine

[16] Д. Л. Голинков «Крушение антисоветского подполья в СССР», том 1/Глава 9. «Подавление контрреволюционного мятежа в Ташкенте в январе 1919 г»

[17] Ержан Карабек (2011-09-09). "Уральские события 1991 года. Тайны и легенды". Радио Азаттык. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[шестаков-18] Cite error: The named reference шестаков was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[завтра-19] Cite error: The named reference завтра was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[медуза-20] Илья Азар (20 October 2014). "Усть-Каменогорская народная республика Ждут ли русские в Казахстане "вежливых людей": репортаж Ильи Азара". Meduza. Archived from the original on 2015-04-25. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[RESULT-21] Central Asia's Security: Issues and Implications for U.S. Interests Archived 8 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine CRS Report for Congress

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

v t e Lists of wars involving Asian countries
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