List of wars involving Kazakhstan: Difference between revisions
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This is a list of wars involving |
This is a '''list of wars''' involving [[Kazakhstan|Republic of Kazakhstan]], [[Kazakh]] and the predecessor states of [[Kazakhstan]] to the present day. It also includes wars fought outside Kazakhstan by the Kazakh military. |
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{{History of Kazakhstan}}Wars(Battle)involving Kazakhstan |
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Legends of results: |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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{{Legend2|#AF9|Victory|border=1px solid #AAA}} |
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{{Legend2|#F88|Defeat|border=1px solid #AAA}} |
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{{Legend2|#BBF|Stalemate|border=1px solid #AAA}} |
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{{Legend2|#FCE883|style="background:#FCE883"|Ongoing conflict|border=1px solid #AAA}} |
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== [[Cumania]] (1030-1243) == |
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After the fall of the [[Kimek-Kipchak confederation]] at the beginning of the 11th century. military-political hegemony on the territory of the former settlement of the Kimek, Kipchak and Cuman tribes passed into the hands of the Kipchak khans. The dynastic nobility of the Kipchaks who came to power began to take active steps in the southern and western directions, which led to direct contacts with the states of [[Central Asia]] and [[Southeast Europe]]. |
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{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; " |
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! style="background-color:#5D7CB5; color:white; " width="78px" |Date |
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! style="background-color:#5D7CB5; color:white; " width="277px" |Conflict |
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! style="background-color:#5D7CB5; color:white; " width="170px" |Combatant I |
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! style="background-color:#5D7CB5; color:white; " width="220px" |Combatant II |
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! style="background-color:#5D7CB5; color:white; " width="330px" |Result |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1035 |
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! |
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| '''[[Kipchaks|Kipchak]] conquest of the [[Pontic-Caspian steppe]]''' |
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! style="background:#39e;" |<span style="color: white">Conflict</span> |
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| [[File:Coat of arms of Cumania.svg|30x30px]] [[Cumania]] |
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! style="background:#39e; width:900px;" | <span style="color: white">Combatant 1</span> |
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| [[Pechenegs]]<br>[[Khazars|Khazar tribes]] |
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! style="background:#39e; width:190px;" | <span style="color: white">Combatant 2</span> |
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| style="background:#D4F7D4" |'''Victory''' |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1055-1223 |
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! |
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| '''[[Kievan Rus’|Russo]]-[[Kipchaks|Kipchak]] Wars'''<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kipchak-people| Kipchak | people]</ref> |
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! |
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[[File:Радзивіллівський літопис Напад Боняка на Київ (1096).jpg|200px|left|thumb|[[Boniak|Bonyak Khan's]] attack on [[Kyiv]] in 1096]] |
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! |
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| [[File:Coat of arms of Cumania.svg|30x30px]] [[Cumania]] |
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! |
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| [[File:Emblem of Kievan Rus.svg|30x30px]] [[Kievan Rus’]] |
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! |
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| style="background:#D4F7D4" |'''Victory''' |
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* The capture of the [[Tmutarakan|Tmutarakan principality]] and [[Sarkel|Belaya Vezha]] by the [[Kipchaks]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1065 |
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! |
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| '''[[Seljuk]] campaign against [[Cumania]]''' |
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! colspan="4" style="background:#39e" | <span style="color: white">'''[[Kazakh Khanate]] (1465–1847)'''</span> |
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| [[File:Coat of arms of Cumania.svg|30x30px]] [[Cumania]] |
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| [[Seljuk Empire]] |
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| style="background:#F6E4E7" |'''Defeat''' |
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* [[Seljuk]] capture of [[Mangistau]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1068 |
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| |
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| '''[[Kipchaks|Kipchak]] attack on [[Mangistau]]''' |
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| style="background:#efefef" | [[Kazakh Khanate#Janybek Khan and Kerey Khan (1465–1480)|Battle of Turkistan]]<br />(1470) |
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| [[File:Coat of arms of Cumania.svg|30x30px]] [[Cumania]] |
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| style="background:#efefef" | [[Kazakh Khanate]] |
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| [[Seljuk Empire]] |
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| style="background:#efefef" | [[Shaybanids]] |
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| style="background:# |
| style="background:#D4F7D4" |'''Victory''' |
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* [[Kipchaks|Kipchak]] recapture of [[Mangistau]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1070 |
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| |
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| '''First [[Kipchaks|Kipchak]] Invasion of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000-1301)|Hungary]]'''<ref>Древняя Русь в свете зарубежных источников: Хрестоматия. Т. [V: Западноевропейские источники./Сост., леревод и комментарии А.В. Назаренко. - - М.: Русский фонд содействия образованию и науке, 2010. - - 512 с.</ref> |
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| style="background:#efefef" | [[Kazakh Khanate#Burunduk Khan (1480–1511)|1st Kazakh-Uzbek War]]<br />(1507) |
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* Sack of Nir Province (Victory) |
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| style="background:#efefef" | [[Kazakh Khanate]] |
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| [[File:Coat of arms of Cumania.svg|30x30px]] [[Cumania]] |
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| style="background:#efefef" | {{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Bukhara.svg}} [[Shaybanids|Shaybanid]] [[Khanate of Bukhara|Bukhara]] |
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| |[[File:Coat of arms of the Árpád dynasty of Hungary (c. 855–1301).svg|30x30px]] [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Kingdom of Hungary]] |
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| style="ihafnitusoatcbih:#efefef" | '''Victory''' |
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| style="background:#D4F7D4" |'''Victory''' |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1091 |
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| |
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| '''Second [[Kipchaks|Kipchak]] Invasion of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000-1301)|Hungary]]''' |
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| style="background:#efefef" | [[Second Invasion of the Kazakh Khanate (1509)|2nd Kazakh-Uzbek War]]<br />(1509) |
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* Battle of the Temesh River (Defeat) |
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| style="background:#efefef" | [[Kazakh Khanate]] |
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| [[File:Coat of arms of Cumania.svg|30x30px]] [[Cumania]] |
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| style="background:#efefef" | {{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Bukhara.svg}} [[Shaybanids|Shaybanid]] [[Khanate of Bukhara|Bukhara]] |
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| [[File:Coat of arms of the Árpád dynasty of Hungary (c. 855–1301).svg|30x30px]] [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Kingdom of Hungary]] |
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| style="background:#efefef" | '''Victory''' |
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| style="background:#F6E4E7" |'''Defeat''' |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1091 |
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| |
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| '''[[Battle of Levounion]]''' |
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| style="background:#efefef" | [[Kazakh Khanate#Mumash Khan (1518–1523)|Chagatai-Kazakh War]]<ref name="autogenerated1">Tārīkh-i Rashīdī, tr. Elias and Ross, 79, 358</ref><br />(1522) |
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| [[File:Coat of arms of Cumania.svg|30x30px]] [[Cumania]]<br>{{Country|Byzantine Empire}} |
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| style="background:#efefef" | [[Kazakh Khanate]] |
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| [[Pechenegs]] |
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| style="background:#efefef" | {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Chagatai_khanate.svg}} [[Chagatai Khanate|Chagatai]] under [[Mansur Khan (Moghul Khan)|Mansur Khan]]<ref name="autogenerated1" /> |
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| style="background:# |
| style="background:#D4F7D4" |'''Victory''' |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1121 |
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| |
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| '''[[Battle of Didgori]]''' |
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| style="background:#efefef" | [[Kazakh Khanate#Haqnazar Khan (1537–1580)|Battle of the Emba]]<br>(1568) |
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| [[File:Coat of arms of Cumania.svg|30x30px]] [[Cumania]]<br>{{flagicon image|Sakartvelo_-_drosha.svg}} [[Kingdom of Georgia]] |
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| style="background:#efefef" | [[Kazakh Khanate]] |
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| [[Seljuk Empire]] |
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| style="background:#efefef" | {{flagicon image|Nogai_flag.svg}} [[Nogai Horde]]<br>{{Country|Russian Empire}} |
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| style="background:# |
| style="background:#D4F7D4" |'''Victory''' |
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*[[Kazakhs]] expand to [[Astrakhan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/254780/Haqq-Nazar |title=Haqq Nazar | Kazakh ruler |publisher=Britannica.com |access-date=2016-02-02}}</ref><ref>A History of the Moghuls of Central Asi: The Tarikh-i-Rashidi |
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By Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlt, N. Elias, Sir E Denison Ross page 121</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1pkeWqq7pdgC&q=Ak+nazar+khan&pg=PA121 |title=A History of the Moghuls of Central Asi: The Tarikh-i-Rashidi - Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlt - Google Books |date= January 2008|isbn=9781605201504 |access-date=2016-02-02|last1=Dughlt |first1=Mirza Muhammad Haidar }}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1223 |
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| |
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| '''[[Battle of the Kalka River]]''' |
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| style="background:#efefef" | [[Kazakh Khanate#Tauekel Khan (1582–1598)|3rd Kazakh-Uzbek War]]<br />(1598) |
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| [[File:Coat of arms of Cumania.svg|30x30px]] [[Cumania]] |
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| style="background:#efefef" | [[Kazakh Khanate]] |
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| [[File:Flag of the Mongol Empire 2.svg|30x30px]] [[Mongol Empire]] |
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| style="background:#efefef" | {{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Bukhara.svg}} [[Khanate of Bukhara]] |
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| style="background:# |
| style="background:#F6E4E7" |'''Defeat''' |
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|} |
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*[[Kazakhs]] take [[Tashkent]]. |
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*[[Kazakhs]] defeated at the Battle of [[Bukhara]]. |
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== [[Kazakh Khanate]] (1465-1847) == |
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[[Kazakh khanate]] was established by [[Janibek Khan]] and [[Kerei Khan]] in 1465. Both khans came from Turco-Mongol clan of [[Töre (dynast)|Tore]] which traces its lineage to [[Genghis Khan]] through dynasty of [[Jochids]]. The Tore clan continued to rule the khanate until its fall to the [[Russian Empire]]. |
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From 16th to 17th century, the Kazakh Khanate ruled and expanded its territories to eastern [[Cumania]] (modern-day [[West Kazakhstan Region|West Kazakhstan]]), to most of [[Uzbekistan]], [[Karakalpakstan]] and the [[Syr Darya|Syr Darya river]] with military confrontation as far as [[Astrakhan]] and [[Khorasan Province]], which are now in [[Russia]] and [[Iran]], respectively. The Khanate was later weakened by a series of [[Oirats|Oirat]] and [[Dzungar Khanate|Dzungar]] invasions. These resulted in a decline and further disintegration into [[Zhuz|three Juzes]], which gradually lost their sovereignty and were incorporated to the expanding Russian Empire in the 19th century. |
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{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; " |
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! style="background-color:#5D7CB5; color:white; " width="78px" |Date |
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! style="background-color:#5D7CB5; color:white; " width="277px" |Conflict |
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! style="background-color:#5D7CB5; color:white; " width="170px" |Combatant I |
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! style="background-color:#5D7CB5; color:white; " width="220px" |Combatant II |
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! style="background-color:#5D7CB5; color:white; " width="330px" |Result |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1468-1500 |
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| |
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| '''[[Kazakh War of Independence]]''' |
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| style="background:#efefef" | [[Esim Khan|Karakalpak Revolt]]<br />(1598–1602) |
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| [[Kazakh Khanate]] |
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| [[Uzbek Khanate]] |
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| style="background:#efefef" | [[Karakalpaks]] |
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| style="background:# |
| style="background:#D4F7D4" |'''Victory''' |
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*[[Kazakhs]] maintain independence from the [[Uzbek Khanate]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1502-1528 |
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| |
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| '''[[Persian-Uzbek wars]]''' |
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| style="background:#efefef" | [[Kazakh Khanate#Tauekel Khan (1582–1598)|4th Kazakh-Uzbek War]]<br />(1607–1627) |
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[[File:Abulkhair sultan.jpg|200px|left|thumb|Abulkhair Sultan, son of [[Kasym Khan]], dies at the hands of [[Ismail I|Ismail Shah]]. [[Battle of Marv]], 2 December 1510.]] |
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| style="background:#efefef" | [[Kazakh Khanate]] |
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| [[Kazakh Khanate]] |
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| style="background:#efefef" | {{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Bukhara.svg}} [[Khanate of Bukhara]] |
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[[Khanate of Bukhara]] |
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| style="background:#efefef" | '''Victory''' |
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| [[File:Flag of Persia 1502-1524.svg|22px]] [[Safavid Iran]]<br>[[File:Timurid.svg|25px]] [[Timurid Empire]] |
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*[[Uzbeks]] take control of [[Tashkent]]. |
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| style="background:#F6E4E7" |'''Defeat''' |
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*[[Kazakhs]] retake [[Tashkent]] in 1627. |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1509 |
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| |
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| '''[[Second Invasion of the Kazakh Khanate (1509)|2nd Kazakh-Uzbek War]]''' |
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| style="background:#efefef" | [[Kazakh Khanate#Salqam-Jangir Khan (1629–1680)|Zunghar-Kazakh]][[Kazakh Khanate#Abylai Khan (1771–1781)| Wars]]<br />(1652–1718) |
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| [[Kazakh Khanate]] |
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| [[Khanate of Bukhara]] |
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| style="background:#efefef" | [[Dzungar people|Dzungar Khanate]] |
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| style="background:# |
| style="background:#D4F7D4" |'''Victory''' |
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*[[Dzungars]] advance as far as [[Turkistan (city)|Turkistan]]. |
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*[[Dzungars|Dzungar Khanate]] eventually repelled and invaded by [[Kazakhs]]. |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1522-1538 |
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| |
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| '''[[First Kazakh Khanate Civil War]]''' |
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| style="background:#efefef" | [[Abylai Khan|Siege of Yarovoye]]<br />(1772) |
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[[File:Казахское ханство1535.png|200px|left|thumb|[[Kazakh Khanate]] during the First Civil War]] |
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| [[Tahir Khan]]<br>[[Tugim Khan]]<br>[[Haqnazar Khan]] |
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| style="background:#efefef" | [[Russian Empire]] of [[Mayor Ivan Krasnovskiy]]<br> |
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| [[Ahmet Khan]]<br>[[Buydash Khan]] |
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| style="background:#efefef" | '''Victory''' <ref>Inside Central Asia by Dilip Hiro</ref> |
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| style="background:#D4F7D4" |'''Victory for [[Haqnazar Khan]]''' |
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| |
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| |
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* Unity of the [[Kazakh Khanate]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1568 |
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| |
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| '''Battle of the [[Emba (river)]]''' |
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| style="background:#efefef" | [[Kenesary Khan|Invasion of Northern Kyrgyzstan]]<br />(1847) |
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| [[Kazakh Khanate]] |
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| |
| {{flagicon image|Nogai_flag.svg}} [[Nogai Horde]]<br>{{Country|Russian Empire}} |
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| style="background:#D4F7D4" |'''Victory'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/254780/Haqq-Nazar |title=Haqq Nazar | Kazakh ruler |publisher=Britannica.com |access-date=2016-02-02}}</ref><ref>A History of the Moghuls of Central Asi: The Tarikh-i-Rashidi |
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| style="background:#efefef" | '''Defeat''' |
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By Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlt, N. Elias, Sir E Denison Ross page 121</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1pkeWqq7pdgC&q=Ak+nazar+khan&pg=PA121 |title=A History of the Moghuls of Central Asi: The Tarikh-i-Rashidi - Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlt - Google Books |date= January 2008|isbn=9781605201504 |access-date=2016-02-02|last1=Dughlt |first1=Mirza Muhammad Haidar }}</ref> |
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*Death of [[Kenesary Khan]]. |
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* [[Kazakhs]] expand to [[Astrakhan]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1643-1756 |
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| |
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| '''[[Kazakh-Dzungar Wars]]''' |
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| style="background:#efefef" | Battle for Turkestan |
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| [[Kazakh Khanate]] |
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Battle for Petropavlosk(1838) |
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| [[Dzungar Khanate]] |
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Battle of Orenburg(1843) |
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| style="background:#D4F7D4" |'''Victory''' |
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Battle of Torgay(1844) |
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Battle of Arai(1845) |
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* [[Dzungar genocide]] |
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Battle of Orsk(1844) |
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* Destruction of the [[Dzungar Khanate]] |
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| style="background:#efefef" | [[Kazakh Khanate]]<br>[[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz tribes]]<br>'''Supported by:'''<br> [[Khanate of Khiva]] |
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| style="background:#efefef" | {{Country|Russian Empire}} |
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---- |
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[[Bashkirs]]<br>[[Pugachev's Rebellion|Cossack rebels]] |
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| style="background:#efefef" | '''Victory''' |
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*[[Kenesary Khan|Kenesary victory]]. |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1837-1847 |
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! |
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| '''Rebellion of [[Kenesary Khan]]''' |
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! colspan="4" style="background:red" | <span style="color: yellow">'''[[Alash Autonomy|Alash Horde]] (1917–1920)'''</span> |
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[[File:Battle Cossacks with Kyrgyz 1826.JPG|200px|left|thumb|The battle of the [[Ural Cossacks]] with the [[Kazakhs]]]] |
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| [[Kazakh Khanate]] |
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| {{Country|Russian Empire}}<br>[[Khanate of Kokand]]<br>[[Kara-Kyrgyz Khanate]] |
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| style="background:#F6E4E7" |'''Initial victory, later defeat''' |
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* End of the [[Kazakh Khanate]] |
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|} |
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== [[Kazakhstan in the Russian Empire|Colonial Age]] (1847-1917) == |
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In 1847, the khan's power in the [[Zhuz|Kazakh zhuzes]] was abolished, and the territory as an administrative unit was included in the [[Russian Empire]]. |
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{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; " |
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! style="background-color:#5D7CB5; color:white; " width="78px" |Date |
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! style="background-color:#5D7CB5; color:white; " width="277px" |Conflict |
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! style="background-color:#5D7CB5; color:white; " width="170px" |Combatant I |
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! style="background-color:#5D7CB5; color:white; " width="220px" |Combatant II |
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! style="background-color:#5D7CB5; color:white; " width="330px" |Result |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1868-1869 |
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| |
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| '''[[Kazakh rebellions|First Adayev uprising]]'''<ref>http://bibliotekar.kz/istorija-kazahstana-11-klass-2011-god-es/-8-nacionalno-osvoboditelnye-dvizhenija-.html</ref> |
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| |
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* Battle of Zhamansai (Victory) |
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| colspan="2" | |
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* Verevkin's expedition (Defeat) |
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| |
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| [[File: flag of Aday.jpg|20px]] Aday tribe |
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| {{Country|Russian Empire}} |
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| style="background:#F6E4E7" |'''Defeat''' |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1870 |
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| |
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| '''[[Kazakh rebellions|Second Adayev uprising]]'''<ref>{{cite book| author = | chapter = Мангыстауское восстание| chapter-url = http://www.madenimura.kz/ru/culture-legacy/books/book/kazahstan-nacionalnaa-enciklopedia-3-tom?category=all&page=482| format = | url = | title = [[Казахстан. Национальная энциклопедия]]: в 5-ти томах | orig-year = | agency = Гл. ред. [[Аяган, Буркитбай Гелманович|Б. Г. Аяган]] | edition = |location= Алматы |date = 2005 |publisher= [[Казахская энциклопедия|Қазақ энциклопедиясы]] |at= |volume= {{nobr|3: К—М}} |issue = | pages = 479| page = | series = | isbn = 9965-9746-4-0| ref = Казахстан. НЭ}}</ref> |
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| |
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[[File:Адаевцы.jpg|200px|left|thumb|[[Kazakhs]] from the Aday tribe]] |
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| |
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| [[File: flag of Aday.jpg|20px]] Aday tribe |
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| |
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| {{Country|Russian Empire}} |
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| |
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* [[Caucasus Military District]] |
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| style="background:#F6E4E7" |'''Defeat''' |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1916-1917 |
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| |
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| '''[[Central Asian revolt of 1916]]''' |
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| style="background:#efefef" | Battle of Kyzyl-Agach(1918) |
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[[File:1961 CPA 2630.jpg|200px|left|thumb|Amangeldy Imanov (1873-1919). Postage stamp of the [[USSR]] 1961.]] |
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Torgai uprising(1919) |
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| '''[[Turkic tribal confederations]]'''<ref name="timestamp3330">{{Cite news|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_OO-QkMyyWo/|title=Semirechye on Fire (Timestamp 33:30)|access-date=2018-11-20|language=en}}</ref> |
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* [[File:Amangeldy Flag.svg|22px|border]] [[Kazakhs|Kazakh rebels]] |
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* {{flagicon image|White Banner of National Liberation.png}} [[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz rebels]] |
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| {{flagicon|Russian Empire}} [[Russian Turkestan]] |
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* {{flagicon|Emirate of Bukhara|1920}} [[Emirate of Bukhara]]<ref name="ubiria">{{cite book |last1=Ubiria |first1=Grigol |title=Soviet Nation-Building in Central Asia: The Making of the Kazakh and Uzbek Nations |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1317504351 |page=60 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-u2PCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA60}}</ref> |
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* [[Kazakh tribes]]<ref name="ubiria"/> |
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| style="background:#F6E4E7" |'''Defeat''' |
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* Revolt suppressed |
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Battle for Zhetysu |
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|} |
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== [[Alash Autonomy]] (1917-1920) == |
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Battle for Aralsk |
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[[Kazakhs]], tired of almost a century of Russian colonization, started to rise up. In the 1870s-80s, schools in Kazakhstan massively started to open, which developed elite, future Kazakh members of the Alash party. In 1916, after conscription of [[Muslims]] into the military for service in the [[Eastern Front (World War I)|Eastern Froby during World War I]], Kazakhs and [[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyzs]] rose up against the Russian government, with uprisings until February 1917. |
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The state was proclaimed during the Second All-Kazakh Congress held at [[Orenburg]] from 5–13 December 1917 OS (18-26 NS), with a provisional government being established under the oversight of [[Alikhan Bukeikhanov]]. However, the nation's purported territory was still under the de facto control of the region's Russian-appointed governor, [[Vassily Balabanov]], until 1919. In 1920, he fled the Russian [[Red Army]] for self-imposed exile in [[China]], where he was recognised by the Chinese as Kazakhstan's legitimate ruler. |
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Battle for Sozak |
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Following its proclamation in December 1917, Alash leaders established the [[Alash Autonomy|Alash Orda]], a Kazakh government which was aligned with the [[White Army]] and fought against the [[Bolsheviks]] in the [[Russian Civil War]]. In 1919, when the White forces were losing, the Alash Autonomous government began negotiations with the Bolsheviks. By 1920, the Bolsheviks had defeated the White Russian forces in the region and occupied Kazakhstan. On 17 August 1920, the Soviet government established the [[Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–25)|Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic]], which in 1925 changed its name to Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, and finally to [[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic]] in 1936. |
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Battle for Kyzylorda |
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{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; " |
|||
! style="background-color:#5D7CB5; color:white; " width="78px" |Date |
|||
Battle of Zhanakorgan |
|||
! style="background-color:#5D7CB5; color:white; " width="277px" |Conflict |
|||
! style="background-color:#5D7CB5; color:white; " width="170px" |Combatant I |
|||
Battle for Shymkent |
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! style="background-color:#5D7CB5; color:white; " width="220px" |Combatant II |
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! style="background-color:#5D7CB5; color:white; " width="330px" |Result |
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| style="background:#efefef" | {{Country|Russian SFSR|name=Soviet Russia}} |
|||
| style="background:#efefef" | '''Victory''' |
|||
*[[Alash Autonomy]] |
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|- |
|- |
||
| 1918-1919 |
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! |
|||
| '''[[Zhetysu]] Front'''<ref>''М. Ивлев''. Гибель Семиреченского казачьего войска (1917-20 гг.) //Альманах «Белая гвардия», № 8. Казачество России в Белом движении. М.: «Посев», стр. 225—235 [http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1201613700]</ref> |
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! colspan="4" style="background:red" | <span style="color: yellow">'''[[Kazakh SSR]] (1920–1991)'''</span> |
|||
[[File:Семиреченская область 1900.svg|200px|left|thumb|[[Semirechye Oblast]] in 1900]] |
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| [[File:Proposed Flag of the Alash Autonomy.svg|20 px]] [[Alash Autonomy]] |
|||
* [[File:Flag of the Alash Autonomy Militia.svg|20px]] [[Alash Autonomy]] Militia |
|||
| [[File:Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1918–1925).svg|20px]] [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|RSFSR]] |
|||
| style="background:#D4F7D4" |'''Victory''' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| 1919 |
|||
| |
|||
| '''[[Aktobe]] Operation'''<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title= ГРАЖДАНСКАЯ ВОЙНА и ВОЕННАЯ ИНТЕРВЕНЦИЯ в СССР 1918-1922|lang=ru|trans-title=Civil War and Military intervention in the USSR 1918-1922 |encyclopedia=Soviet Encyclopedia |date= |year=1983 |last= |first= |publisher= |location=Moscow |id= |url=https://istmat.org/node/40181 |access-date= 13 February 2023}}</ref> |
|||
| style="background:#efefef" | [[Basmachi movement|Basmachi Revolt]]<br>(1916–1934) |
|||
| [[File:Proposed Flag of the Alash Autonomy.svg|20 px]] [[Alash Autonomy]] |
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| style="background:#efefef" | {{Country|Russian SFSR|name=Soviet Russia}} |
|||
* [[File:Flag of the Alash Autonomy Militia.svg|20px]] [[Alash Autonomy]] Militia |
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*{{flagicon image|Turkestan Autonomous SSR Flag.svg}} [[Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Turkestan ASSR]] |
|||
[[File:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] [[White army]] |
|||
*{{flagicon image|Flag of Kirghiz ASSR (1920-25).svg}} [[Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1925)|Kirghiz ASSR]] |
|||
| [[File:Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1918–1925).svg|20px]] [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|RSFSR]] |
|||
| style="background:#efefef" | {{flagicon image|Bandera del Turquestan.svg}} [[Basmachi movement|Basmachi]] |
|||
| style="background:# |
| style="background:#F6E4E7" |'''Defeat''' |
||
|- |
|||
| 1919 |
|||
| '''[[Spring offensive of the White Army]]''' |
|||
[[File:CampañaDePrimaveraDeKolchak1919.svg|200px|left|thumb|The offensive in the spring of 1919 [[Alexander Kolchak|Kolchak's]] army]] |
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| [[File:Proposed Flag of the Alash Autonomy.svg|20 px]] [[Alash Autonomy]] |
|||
* [[File:Flag of the Alash Autonomy Militia.svg|20px]] [[Alash Autonomy]] Militia |
|||
[[File:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] [[White army]] |
|||
| [[File:Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1918–1925).svg|20px]] [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|RSFSR]] |
|||
| style="background:#D4F7D4" |'''Victory''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| 1919 |
|||
| '''[[Turgay Oblast (Russian Empire)|Turgai]] uprising'''<ref>[http://pavelskaz.ru/1538.html Контрреволюционный переворот в Тургае]</ref> |
|||
[[File:Map of Turgai Oblast, 1913.gif|200px|left|thumb|[[Turgay Oblast (Russian Empire)|Turgai Oblast]] in 1914]] |
|||
| [[File:Proposed Flag of the Alash Autonomy.svg|20 px]] [[Alash Autonomy]] |
|||
* [[File:Flag of the Alash Autonomy Militia.svg|20px]] [[Alash Autonomy]] Militia |
|||
| [[File:Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1918–1925).svg|20px]] [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|RSFSR]] |
|||
* *[[File:Amangeldy Flag.svg|20px]] [[Red]] [[Kazakhs]] |
|||
| style="background:#D4F7D4" |'''Victory''' |
|||
*Death of Amangeldy Imanov |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| 1919 |
|||
! |
|||
| '''[[Anti-Sovietism|Anti-Soviet]] uprising in [[Tashkent]]'''<ref>http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=515862 Иван Медведев «Золото красных путчистов», газета «Коммерсантъ Власть», номер 41 от 18 октября 2004</ref><ref>Леонид Петрович Тримасов. «Ночи без тишины. Повесть-воспоминания», Ташкент, «Ёш-гвардия», 1964.</ref><ref>http://memoryoffuture.blogspot.com/2010/05/1919.html «Осиповский» мятеж в Ташкенте (январь 1919 года){{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812214911/http://memoryoffuture.blogspot.com/2010/05/1919.html}}</ref><ref>[[Голинков, Давид Львович|Д. Л. Голинков]] «Крушение антисоветского подполья в СССР», том 1/Глава 9. «Подавление контрреволюционного мятежа в Ташкенте в январе 1919 г»</ref> |
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![[World War II]] (1941-1945)[[File:Raising a flag over the Reichstag 2.jpg|thumb|''Raising a Flag over the Reichstag'', by [[Yevgeny Khaldei]]]] |
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| [[File:Proposed Flag of the Alash Autonomy.svg|20 px]] [[Alash Autonomy]] |
|||
|Allied Powers: |
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* [[File:Flag of the Alash Autonomy Militia.svg|20px]] [[Alash Autonomy]] Militia |
|||
[[File:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] [[White army]] |
|||
| [[File:Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1918–1925).svg|20px]] [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|RSFSR]] |
|||
| style="background:#F6E4E7" |'''Defeat''' |
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* Suppression of the uprising |
|||
*{{Country|USSR}} |
|||
|- |
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** {{Country|Kazakh SSR}} |
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| 1919-1920 |
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*{{Country|USA}} |
|||
| '''[[Oral, Kazakhstan|Ural]]-[[Atyrau|Guryev]] Operation''' |
|||
*{{Country|United Kingdom}} |
|||
[[File:Уральская область 1900.svg|200px|left|thumb|[[Ural Oblast (Russian Empire)|Ural Oblast]] in 1900]] |
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*{{Country|Republic of China}} |
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| [[File:Proposed Flag of the Alash Autonomy.svg|20 px]] [[Alash Autonomy]] |
|||
*{{Country|France}} |
|||
* [[File:Flag of the Alash Autonomy Militia.svg|20px]] [[Alash Autonomy]] Militia |
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*{{Country|Poland}} |
|||
[[File:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] [[White army]] |
|||
*{{Country|Czechoslovakia}} |
|||
| [[File:Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1918–1925).svg|20px]] [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|RSFSR]] |
|||
*{{Country|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}} |
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| style="background:#F6E4E7" |'''Defeat''' |
|||
*{{Country|Kingdom of Greece}} |
|||
*{{Country|Denmark}} |
|||
*The [[Ural Oblast (Russian Empire)|Ural Oblast]] is occupied by the [[Red Army]]. |
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*{{Country|Norway}} |
|||
|} |
|||
*{{Country|Netherlands}} |
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*{{Country|Belgium}} |
|||
*{{Flag|Luxemburg}} |
|||
*{{Country|Canada}} |
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*{{Country|Australia}} |
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*{{Country|New Zealand}} |
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*{{Country|India}} |
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*{{Country|Union of South Africa}} |
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|Axis Powers: |
|||
== [[Republic of Kazakhstan]] (1991-present) == |
|||
*{{Country|Nazi Germany}} |
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[[Kazakhstan]] was the last of the [[Republics of the Soviet Union|Soviet republics]] to declare independence during the dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]] from 1988 to 1991. |
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*{{Country|Japanese Empire}} |
|||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; " |
|||
*{{Country|Kingdom of Italy}} |
|||
! style="background-color:#5D7CB5; color:white; " width="78px" |Date |
|||
|'''Victory''' |
|||
! style="background-color:#5D7CB5; color:white; " width="277px" |Conflict |
|||
! style="background-color:#5D7CB5; color:white; " width="170px" |Combatant I |
|||
! style="background-color:#5D7CB5; color:white; " width="220px" |Combatant II |
|||
! style="background-color:#5D7CB5; color:white; " width="330px" |Result |
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|- |
|- |
||
| 1991-1999 |
|||
| '''[[Anti-terrorism|Anti-terrorist]] operation in [[Kazakhstan]]''' |
|||
* [[Ural]] events (1991) <ref>{{Cite journal |author = Ержан Карабек |editor= |url= http://rus.azattyq.org/content/uralskie_sobytia_1991_oral_okigasy_uralsk_events_kazakhstan_kazak_eskaliev_makashov/24322127.html |title= Уральские события 1991 года. Тайны и легенды |type= |orig-year= | agency = |edition= |location= |date= 2011-09-09 |publisher= Радио Азаттык |at= |volume= |issue= |number= |pages = |page= |series= |isbn = |issn = |doi = |bibcode = |arxiv = |pmid = |ref= |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305185242/http://rus.azattyq.org/content/uralskie_sobytia_1991_oral_okigasy_uralsk_events_kazakhstan_kazak_eskaliev_makashov/24322127.html |archive-date = 2016-03-05 |language= |quote= }}</ref> |
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* [[Ust-Kamenogorsk]] events (1994).<ref name="шестаков" /> |
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* [[Uprising]] in [[Kokshetau]] (1996)<ref name="завтра" /> |
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* Pugachev [[rebellion]] (1999)<ref name="медуза">{{Cite journal |author = [[Азар, Илья Вильямович|Илья Азар]] |editor= |format= |url= https://meduza.io/news/2014/10/20/ust-kamenogorskaya-narodnaya-respublika |title= Усть-Каменогорская народная республика Ждут ли русские в Казахстане "вежливых людей": репортаж Ильи Азара |type= |orig-year= | agency = |edition= |location= |date= 20 October 2014 |publisher= [[Meduza]] |at= |volume= |issue= |number= |pages = |page= |series= |isbn = |issn = |doi = |bibcode = |arxiv = |pmid = |ref= |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150425052217/https://meduza.io/news/2014/10/20/ust-kamenogorskaya-narodnaya-respublika |archive-date = 2015-04-25 |language= |quote= }}</ref> |
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| {{Country|Kazakhstan}} |
|||
* [[File:Эмблема КНБ РК.svg|20px]] [[National Security Committee (Kazakhstan)|NSC]] |
|||
| [[File: Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] Russian [[separatism|separatists]] |
|||
* [[Ural Cossacks]] |
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* [[Semirechye Cossacks]] |
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| style="background:#D4F7D4" |'''Victory''' |
|||
* Territorial integrity of the [[Republic of Kazakhstan]] preserved |
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|- |
|- |
||
| 1991-2022 |
|||
! |
|||
| '''[[Ethnic conflicts in Kazakhstan]]''' |
|||
![[Soviet–Afghan War|Soviet-Afghan War]] (1979-1989) |
|||
| [[File: Flag of Kazakhstan.svg|30x30px]] [[Kazakhs]] |
|||
|{{Country|Soviet Union}} |
|||
* [[File:Turkistan Legion patch.svg|30x30px]] [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]] [[nationalism|nationalists]] |
|||
* {{Country|Kazakh SSR}} |
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| |
|||
* [[File: Flag of Russia.svg|30x30px]] [[Russians|Russian]] [[separatism|separatists]] |
|||
* [[Ural Cossacks]] |
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* [[Semirechye Cossacks]] |
|||
* [[File:Flag of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.svg|30x30px]]/[[File:Flag of the Chechen Republic.svg|30x30px]] [[Chechens|Chechen]] [[separatism|separatists]] |
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* [[Kurds]] |
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* [[Dungans]] |
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| style="background:#D4F7D4" |'''Successful resistance of Kazakh nationalists''' |
|||
* About two million [[Russians]] returned to [[Russia]] |
|||
{{Country|Republic of Afghanistan}} |
|||
* All [[Chechens|Chechen]] pogroms were suppressed |
|||
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Islamic Unity of Afghanistan Mujahideen|Afghan Mujahideen]] |
|||
* [[2020 Dungan-Kazakh ethnic clashes|20,000 Dungans left Kazakhstan]] |
|||
|'''Defeat''' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| 1992-1997 |
|||
! |
|||
| '''[[Tajikistani Civil War]]''' |
|||
! colspan="4" style="background:#39e" | <span style="color: white">'''[[Republic of Kazakhstan]] (1991–''present'')'''</span> |
|||
| [[File:Flag of the CIS.svg|20px]] [[Collective Security Treaty Organization|CSTO]] |
|||
|- |
|||
* {{Country|Kazakhstan}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{flagicon image|Flag red white green 5x3.svg}} [[United Tajik Opposition]]<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Jamiat-e Islami.svg}} [[Jamiat-e Islami]] (until 1996)<br>{{flagicon|Afghanistan|1992}} [[Islamic State of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]] (until 1996)<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Hezbi Islami Gulbuddin.svg}} [[Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin]] (until 1996)<br> {{flagicon|Afghanistan|Taliban}} [[Taliban|Taliban factions]] |
|||
| style="background:#efefef" | [[Tajikistani Civil War]]<br />(1992–1997) |
|||
| style="background:# |
| style="background:#BBF" |'''Millitary stalemale''' |
||
* [[United Nations]]-sponsored [[armistice]] |
|||
* Popular Front |
|||
{{flag|Russia}}<br>{{flag|Uzbekistan}}<br>{{flag|Kazakhstan}}<br>{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}<br>{{flag|Turkmenistan|1992}}<br>{{flag|China}}<br>{{flag|India}}<br>{{flagicon|United Nations}} [[United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan|UNMOT]] |
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*{{flag|Austria}} |
|||
*{{flag|Bangladesh}} |
|||
*{{flag|Bulgaria}} |
|||
*{{flag|Czech Republic}} |
|||
*{{flag|Denmark}} |
|||
*{{flag|Ghana}} |
|||
*{{flag|Hungary}} |
|||
*{{flag|Indonesia}} |
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*{{flag|Jordan}} |
|||
*{{flag|Nepal}} |
|||
*{{flag|Nigeria}} |
|||
*{{flag|Poland}} |
|||
*{{flag|Switzerland}} |
|||
*{{flag|Ukraine}} |
|||
*{{flag|Uruguay}} |
|||
| style="background:#efefef" | [[United Tajik Opposition]] |
|||
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan.svg}} [[Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan|IRP]] |
|||
* [[Liberal democracy|Democratic reformists]] |
|||
* [[Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province|Gorno-Badakhshan]] |
|||
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Jamiat-e Islami.svg}} [[Jamiat-e Islami]] |
|||
{{flagicon|Afghanistan|1992}} [[Islamic State of Afghanistan]] <br> {{flagicon|Afghanistan|Taliban}} [[Taliban|Taliban factions]] |
|||
'''Supported by''':<br> |
|||
{{flagicon image|Flag of al-Qaeda.svg}} [[al-Qaeda]] |
|||
| style="background:#efefef" | '''Stalemate''' |
|||
* Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed |
* Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed |
||
* Rahmon wins the 1999 Tajik presidential election |
* Rahmon wins the 1999 Tajik presidential election |
||
* The [[United Tajik Opposition]] is promised 30 percent of the ministerial positions<ref name=RESULT>[http://www.ndu.edu/library/docs/crs/crs_rl30294_07jan05.pdf Central Asia's Security: Issues and Implications for U.S. Interests] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060908023923/http://www.ndu.edu/library/docs/crs/crs_rl30294_07jan05.pdf |date=8 September 2006 }} CRS Report for Congress</ref> |
|||
* The [[United Tajik Opposition|UTO]] is promised 30% of the ministerial positions |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| 1996-2001 |
|||
| |
|||
| '''[[Afghan Civil War (1996-2001)|Afghan Civil War]]''' |
|||
| style="background:#efefef" | [[Iraq War]]<br />(2003–2011) |
|||
| {{Country|Kazakhstan}}<br>{{flag|Islamic State of Afghanistan}} |
|||
| style="background:#efefef" | {{Country|United States}}<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Multi-National Force – Iraq.png}} [[Multi-National Force – Iraq|MNF–I]]<br>{{Country|United Kingdom}}<br>{{Country|Kazakhstan}}<br>{{Country|Iraq|name=New Iraqi government}}<br>{{Country|Iraqi Kurdistan}} |
|||
| {{flagcountry|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)}}<br>{{flag|al-Qaeda}}<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan]]<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Turkistan Islamic Party.svg}} [[East Turkistan Islamic Party]]<br>{{flagicon image|Tnsm-flag.svg}} [[Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi|Tanzeem-e-Nifaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi]]<br>{{flag|Pakistan}} |
|||
| style="background:#efefef" | {{Country|Iraq|1991}} <small>(2003)</small> |
|||
| style="background:#BBF" |'''Millitary stalemale''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| 2002–present |
|||
| '''[[Operation Enduring Freedom - Horn of Africa]]''' |
|||
| {{Country|Kazakhstan}}<br>[[File:Flag of NATO.svg|20px]] [[NATO]] |
|||
| '''[[Insurgents]]:''' |
|||
* {{flagicon image|AQMI Flag asymmetric.svg}} [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] <br/> (from 2015) |
|||
---- |
---- |
||
{{flagicon image|Flag of |
* {{flagicon image|Flag of al-Qaeda.svg}} [[al-Qaeda]] <br/> (from 2002) |
||
* {{flagicon image|AQMI Flag asymmetric.svg}} [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|Al-Shabaab]] <br/> (from 2006) |
|||
---- |
|||
{{flagicon image| |
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[al-Itihaad al-Islamiya]] <br/> (2002–06) |
||
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Hizbul Islam]] <br/> (2009–14) |
|||
| style="background:#efefef" | '''Victory''' |
|||
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Ras Kamboni Brigades]] <br/> (2007–10) |
|||
*Overthrow of [[Saddam Hussein]]. |
|||
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Jabhatul Islamiya]] <br/> (2007–09) |
|||
|} |
|||
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Mu'askar Anole]] <br/> (2007–09) |
|||
| style="background:#FCE883" |'''Ongoing''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| 2003-2011 |
|||
| '''[[Iraq War]]''' |
|||
| {{Country|Kazakhstan}}<br>{{Country|United States}}<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Multi-National Force – Iraq.png}} [[Multi-National Force – Iraq|MNF–I]]<br>{{Country|United Kingdom}}<br>{{Country|Iraq|name=New Iraqi government}}<br>{{Country|Iraqi Kurdistan}} |
|||
| {{Country|Iraq|1991}} <small>(2003)</small> |
|||
| style="background:#D4F7D4" |'''Victory''' |
|||
* Overthrow of [[Saddam Hussein]] |
|||
== Notes == |
|||
|- |
|||
{{notelist|30em}} |
|||
| 2016 |
|||
| '''[[2016 Aktobe shootings|Aktobe shootings]]''' |
|||
| {{Country|Kazakhstan}} |
|||
* [[File:Flag of Kazakhstan National Guard.svg|20px]] [[National Guard of Kazakhstan]] |
|||
| [[File:Flag of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant2.svg|20px]] [[Islamic extremism|Islamic extremists]] |
|||
| style="background:#D4F7D4" |'''Victory''' |
|||
* The [[terrorism|terrorists]] were caught |
|||
|- |
|||
| 2022 |
|||
| '''[[2022 Kazakh unrest]]''' |
|||
[[File:Контртеррористическая операция в Алматы.jpg|200px|left|thumb|[[Counterterrorism|Counterterrorist]] forces in search for anti-government militants at a parking lot in [[Almaty]], 8 January 2022]] |
|||
| {{flagdeco|Kazakhstan}} [[Government of Kazakhstan]]<br />{{flag|CSTO}} |
|||
| {{flagdeco|Kazakhstan}} [[Kazakh Opposition]] |
|||
| style="background:#BBF" |'''Ceasefire''' |
|||
|} |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
Revision as of 00:35, 24 February 2023
This is a list of wars involving Republic of Kazakhstan, Kazakh and the predecessor states of Kazakhstan to the present day. It also includes wars fought outside Kazakhstan by the Kazakh military.
Legends of results:
Victory
Defeat
Stalemate
Ongoing conflict
Cumania (1030-1243)
After the fall of the Kimek-Kipchak confederation at the beginning of the 11th century. military-political hegemony on the territory of the former settlement of the Kimek, Kipchak and Cuman tribes passed into the hands of the Kipchak khans. The dynastic nobility of the Kipchaks who came to power began to take active steps in the southern and western directions, which led to direct contacts with the states of Central Asia and Southeast Europe.
Date | Conflict | Combatant I | Combatant II | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1035 | Kipchak conquest of the Pontic-Caspian steppe | ![]() |
Pechenegs Khazar tribes |
Victory |
1055-1223 | Russo-Kipchak Wars[1]
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Victory
|
1065 | Seljuk campaign against Cumania | ![]() |
Seljuk Empire | Defeat |
1068 | Kipchak attack on Mangistau | ![]() |
Seljuk Empire | Victory |
1070 | First Kipchak Invasion of Hungary[2]
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Victory |
1091 | Second Kipchak Invasion of Hungary
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Defeat |
1091 | Battle of Levounion | ![]() ![]() |
Pechenegs | Victory |
1121 | Battle of Didgori | ![]() ![]() |
Seljuk Empire | Victory |
1223 | Battle of the Kalka River | ![]() |
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Defeat |
Kazakh Khanate (1465-1847)
Kazakh khanate was established by Janibek Khan and Kerei Khan in 1465. Both khans came from Turco-Mongol clan of Tore which traces its lineage to Genghis Khan through dynasty of Jochids. The Tore clan continued to rule the khanate until its fall to the Russian Empire.
From 16th to 17th century, the Kazakh Khanate ruled and expanded its territories to eastern Cumania (modern-day West Kazakhstan), to most of Uzbekistan, Karakalpakstan and the Syr Darya river with military confrontation as far as Astrakhan and Khorasan Province, which are now in Russia and Iran, respectively. The Khanate was later weakened by a series of Oirat and Dzungar invasions. These resulted in a decline and further disintegration into three Juzes, which gradually lost their sovereignty and were incorporated to the expanding Russian Empire in the 19th century.
Colonial Age (1847-1917)
In 1847, the khan's power in the Kazakh zhuzes was abolished, and the territory as an administrative unit was included in the Russian Empire.
Date | Conflict | Combatant I | Combatant II | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1868-1869 | First Adayev uprising[6]
|
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Defeat |
1870 | Second Adayev uprising[7]
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Defeat |
1916-1917 | Central Asian revolt of 1916
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Turkic tribal confederations[8] | ![]() |
Defeat
|
Alash Autonomy (1917-1920)
Kazakhs, tired of almost a century of Russian colonization, started to rise up. In the 1870s-80s, schools in Kazakhstan massively started to open, which developed elite, future Kazakh members of the Alash party. In 1916, after conscription of Muslims into the military for service in the Eastern Froby during World War I, Kazakhs and Kyrgyzs rose up against the Russian government, with uprisings until February 1917.
The state was proclaimed during the Second All-Kazakh Congress held at Orenburg from 5–13 December 1917 OS (18-26 NS), with a provisional government being established under the oversight of Alikhan Bukeikhanov. However, the nation's purported territory was still under the de facto control of the region's Russian-appointed governor, Vassily Balabanov, until 1919. In 1920, he fled the Russian Red Army for self-imposed exile in China, where he was recognised by the Chinese as Kazakhstan's legitimate ruler.
Following its proclamation in December 1917, Alash leaders established the Alash Orda, a Kazakh government which was aligned with the White Army and fought against the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War. In 1919, when the White forces were losing, the Alash Autonomous government began negotiations with the Bolsheviks. By 1920, the Bolsheviks had defeated the White Russian forces in the region and occupied Kazakhstan. On 17 August 1920, the Soviet government established the Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, which in 1925 changed its name to Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, and finally to Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic in 1936.
Date | Conflict | Combatant I | Combatant II | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1918-1919 | Zhetysu Front[10]
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|
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Victory |
1919 | Aktobe Operation[11] | ![]()
|
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Defeat |
1919 | Spring offensive of the White Army
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|
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Victory |
1919 | Turgai uprising[12]
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![]()
|
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Victory
|
1919 | Anti-Soviet uprising in Tashkent[13][14][15][16] | ![]()
|
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Defeat
|
1919-1920 | Ural-Guryev Operation
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|
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Defeat
|
Republic of Kazakhstan (1991-present)
Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union from 1988 to 1991.
References
- ^ Kipchak | people
- ^ Древняя Русь в свете зарубежных источников: Хрестоматия. Т. [V: Западноевропейские источники./Сост., леревод и комментарии А.В. Назаренко. - - М.: Русский фонд содействия образованию и науке, 2010. - - 512 с.
- ^ "Haqq Nazar | Kazakh ruler". Britannica.com. Retrieved 2016-02-02.
- ^ A History of the Moghuls of Central Asi: The Tarikh-i-Rashidi By Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlt, N. Elias, Sir E Denison Ross page 121
- ^ Dughlt, Mirza Muhammad Haidar (January 2008). A History of the Moghuls of Central Asi: The Tarikh-i-Rashidi - Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlt - Google Books. ISBN 9781605201504. Retrieved 2016-02-02.
- ^ http://bibliotekar.kz/istorija-kazahstana-11-klass-2011-god-es/-8-nacionalno-osvoboditelnye-dvizhenija-.html
- ^ "Мангыстауское восстание". Казахстан. Национальная энциклопедия: в 5-ти томах. Vol. 3: К—М. Алматы: Қазақ энциклопедиясы. 2005. p. 479. ISBN 9965-9746-4-0.
{{cite book}}
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ignored (help) - ^ "Semirechye on Fire (Timestamp 33:30)". Retrieved 2018-11-20.
- ^ a b Ubiria, Grigol (2015). Soviet Nation-Building in Central Asia: The Making of the Kazakh and Uzbek Nations. Routledge. p. 60. ISBN 978-1317504351.
- ^ М. Ивлев. Гибель Семиреченского казачьего войска (1917-20 гг.) //Альманах «Белая гвардия», № 8. Казачество России в Белом движении. М.: «Посев», стр. 225—235 [1]
- ^ "ГРАЖДАНСКАЯ ВОЙНА и ВОЕННАЯ ИНТЕРВЕНЦИЯ в СССР 1918-1922" [Civil War and Military intervention in the USSR 1918-1922]. Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Moscow. 1983. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Контрреволюционный переворот в Тургае
- ^ http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=515862 Иван Медведев «Золото красных путчистов», газета «Коммерсантъ Власть», номер 41 от 18 октября 2004
- ^ Леонид Петрович Тримасов. «Ночи без тишины. Повесть-воспоминания», Ташкент, «Ёш-гвардия», 1964.
- ^ http://memoryoffuture.blogspot.com/2010/05/1919.html «Осиповский» мятеж в Ташкенте (январь 1919 года)Archived 2014-08-12 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Д. Л. Голинков «Крушение антисоветского подполья в СССР», том 1/Глава 9. «Подавление контрреволюционного мятежа в Ташкенте в январе 1919 г»
- ^ Ержан Карабек (2011-09-09). "Уральские события 1991 года. Тайны и легенды". Радио Азаттык. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ Cite error: The named reference
шестаков
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
завтра
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Илья Азар (20 October 2014). "Усть-Каменогорская народная республика Ждут ли русские в Казахстане "вежливых людей": репортаж Ильи Азара". Meduza. Archived from the original on 2015-04-25.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ Central Asia's Security: Issues and Implications for U.S. Interests Archived 8 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine CRS Report for Congress