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Tweaks. And the "Sex and society" source makes this clear -- that gender is more complex. Added Go Ask Alice! source which differentiates between bisexuality and pansexuality. Added Becoming Visible source for a study. Used WP:Logical quotation,
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A literal [[denotation|dictionary definition]] of ''[[bisexuality]]'', due to the prefix ''[[wikt:bi-#English|bi-]]'', is sexual or romantic attraction to two [[sex]]es ([[male]]s and [[female]]s), or to two [[gender]]s ([[Man|men]] and [[Woman|women]]).<ref name="glaad">{{cite web|title=GLAAD Media Reference Guide|accessdate=March 14, 2012 |publisher=[[Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation]]|url=http://www.glaad.org/document.doc?id=99|archivedate=January 1, 2011|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110101043203/http://www.glaad.org/document.doc?id=99}}</ref> Pansexuality, however, composed with the prefix ''[[wikt:pan-#English|pan-]]'', is the sexual attraction to people of all sexes or genders. Using these definitions, pansexuality is different in that it includes people who are [[intersex]] and/or fall outside the [[gender binary]].<ref name="Sex and society"/><ref name="Bi-Gay-Pansexual"/> [[Go Ask Alice!]] states that pansexuals can be attracted to cismen, ciswomen (meaning [[cisgender]]), "[[trans man|transmen]], [[trans woman|transwomen]], intersex people, [[Androgyny|androgynous]] people, and everything else. It is generally considered a more inclusive term than bisexual".<ref name="Bi-Gay-Pansexual"/> Volume 2 of [[Marshall Cavendish|Cavendish]]'s ''Sex and Society'', however, clarifies that "[a]lthough the term's literal meaning can be interpreted as 'attracted to everything,' people who identify as pansexual do not include [[paraphilia]]s, such as [[Zoophilia|bestiality]], [[pedophilia]], and [[necrophilia]], in their definition" and that they "stress that the term pansexuality describes only consensual adult sexual behaviors".<ref name="Sex and society"/>
A literal [[denotation|dictionary definition]] of ''[[bisexuality]]'', due to the prefix ''[[wikt:bi-#English|bi-]]'', is sexual or romantic attraction to two [[sex]]es ([[male]]s and [[female]]s), or to two [[gender]]s ([[Man|men]] and [[Woman|women]]).<ref name="glaad">{{cite web|title=GLAAD Media Reference Guide|accessdate=March 14, 2012 |publisher=[[Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation]]|url=http://www.glaad.org/document.doc?id=99|archivedate=January 1, 2011|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110101043203/http://www.glaad.org/document.doc?id=99}}</ref> Pansexuality, however, composed with the prefix ''[[wikt:pan-#English|pan-]]'', is the sexual attraction to people of all sexes or genders. Using these definitions, pansexuality is different in that it includes people who are [[intersex]] and/or fall outside the [[gender binary]].<ref name="Sex and society"/><ref name="Bi-Gay-Pansexual"/> [[Go Ask Alice!]] states that pansexuals can be attracted to cismen, ciswomen (meaning [[cisgender]]), "[[trans man|transmen]], [[trans woman|transwomen]], intersex people, [[Androgyny|androgynous]] people, and everything else. It is generally considered a more inclusive term than bisexual".<ref name="Bi-Gay-Pansexual"/> Volume 2 of [[Marshall Cavendish|Cavendish]]'s ''Sex and Society'', however, clarifies that "[a]lthough the term's literal meaning can be interpreted as 'attracted to everything,' people who identify as pansexual do not include [[paraphilia]]s, such as [[Zoophilia|bestiality]], [[pedophilia]], and [[necrophilia]], in their definition" and that they "stress that the term pansexuality describes only consensual adult sexual behaviors".<ref name="Sex and society"/>


The definition of pansexuality encourages the belief that it is the only category that covers individuals who do not cleanly fit into the categories of male/man or female/woman.<ref name="mental health">{{cite book |title=Mental health issues in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender communities |last1=Hill |first1=Marjorie J. |last2=Jones |first2=Billy E. |year=2002 |publisher=American Psychiatric Pub |isbn=978-1-58562-069-2|page=95 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=0NxXRsIfcpgC |accessdate=28 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Soble">{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=IMTEiTtqqPcC|title=Sex from Plato to Paglia: a philosophical encyclopedia|volume=1|page=115|last=Soble|first=Alan|isbn=978-0-313-32686-8|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2006|chapter=Bisexuality|accessdate=28 February 2011}}</ref> However, bisexual-identified people may object to the notion that bisexuality means sexual attraction to only two genders, arguing that since ''bisexual'' is not simply about attraction to two sexes and encompasses gender as well, it can include attraction to more than two genders.<ref name="bisexuality">{{cite web|url=http://www.bisexualindex.org.uk/index.php/Bisexuality#binary|title=What is Bisexuality?|work=The Bisexual Index}}</ref> Gender is considered more complex, as it includes genetic, hormonal, social, and environmental factors,<ref name="Sex and society"/> and there are [[gender identity|gender identities]] that are wholly similar to each other.<ref name="bisexuality"/> The term pansexuality is used interchangeably with bisexuality, and, similarly, people who identify as bisexual may "feel that gender, biological sex, and sexual orientation should not be a focal point in potential [romantic/sexual] relationships".<ref name="Sex and society"/> In one study analyzing [[Sexual identity|sexual identities]], described as alternative terms for bisexual or bi-self labels, [h]alf of all bisexual and bisexual-identified respondents also chose alternative self-labels such as ''[[queer]]'', ''pansexual'', ''polyfidelitous'', ''ambisexual,'' ''[[Polysexuality|polysexual]]'', or personalized identities such as 'byke' or 'biphilic'".<ref name="Firestein">{{cite book | first = Beth A. | last = Firestein | title = Becoming Visible: Counseling Bisexuals Across the Lifespan | publisher = [[Columbia University Press]] | page = 9 | year = 2007 | accessdate = October 3, 2012 | isbn =0231137249, 9780231137249 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=1pCKkZmBU1EC&pg=PA9&lpg=PA9&dq=Bisexuality&source=bl&ots=jLQsjdshH0&sig=VIz3j1_SOn-s66jHTmAERYSYlWE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9N1rUKzQOuTc2AX1ooGYCQ&ved=0CCwQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=Bisexuality&f=false}}</ref>
The definition of pansexuality encourages the belief that it is the only category that covers individuals who do not cleanly fit into the categories of male/man or female/woman.<ref name="mental health">{{cite book |title=Mental health issues in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender communities |last1=Hill |first1=Marjorie J. |last2=Jones |first2=Billy E. |year=2002 |publisher=American Psychiatric Pub |isbn=978-1-58562-069-2|page=95 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=0NxXRsIfcpgC |accessdate=28 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Soble">{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=IMTEiTtqqPcC|title=Sex from Plato to Paglia: a philosophical encyclopedia|volume=1|page=115|last=Soble|first=Alan|isbn=978-0-313-32686-8|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2006|chapter=Bisexuality|accessdate=28 February 2011}}</ref> However, bisexual-identified people may object to the notion that bisexuality means sexual attraction to only two genders, arguing that since ''bisexual'' is not simply about attraction to two sexes and encompasses gender as well, it can include attraction to more than two genders.<ref name="bisexuality">{{cite web|url=http://www.bisexualindex.org.uk/index.php/Bisexuality#binary|title=What is Bisexuality?|work=The Bisexual Index}}</ref> Gender is considered more complex, as it includes genetic, hormonal, social, and environmental factors,<ref name="Sex and society"/> and there are [[gender identity|gender identities]] that are wholly similar to each other.<ref name="bisexuality"/> The term pansexuality is used interchangeably with bisexuality, and, similarly, people who identify as bisexual may "feel that gender, biological sex, and sexual orientation should not be a focal point in potential [romantic/sexual] relationships".<ref name="Sex and society"/> In one study analyzing [[Sexual identity|sexual identities]], described as alternative terms for bisexual or bi-self labels, "[h]alf of all bisexual and bisexual-identified respondents also chose alternative self-labels such as ''[[queer]]'', ''pansexual'', ''polyfidelitous'', ''ambisexual,'' ''[[Polysexuality|polysexual]]'', or personalized identities such as 'byke' or 'biphilic'".<ref name="Firestein">{{cite book | first = Beth A. | last = Firestein | title = Becoming Visible: Counseling Bisexuals Across the Lifespan | publisher = [[Columbia University Press]] | page = 9 | year = 2007 | accessdate = October 3, 2012 | isbn =0231137249, 9780231137249 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=1pCKkZmBU1EC&pg=PA9&lpg=PA9&dq=Bisexuality&source=bl&ots=jLQsjdshH0&sig=VIz3j1_SOn-s66jHTmAERYSYlWE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9N1rUKzQOuTc2AX1ooGYCQ&ved=0CCwQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=Bisexuality&f=false}}</ref>


Polysexuality is similar to pansexuality in definition, meaning "encompassing more than one sexuality," but not necessarily encompassing all sexualities. This is distinct from [[polyamory]], which means more than one sexual attraction at the same time. "Polysexual and polyamorous are used by people who recognize that the term ''bisexual'' [[Reification|reifies]] the gender [[dichotomy]] that underlies the distinction between [[heterosexuality]] and [[homosexuality]], implying that bisexuality is nothing more than a hybrid combination of these gender and sexual dichotomies."<ref name="Garnets2003">Garnets, Linda; Kimmel, Douglas C. (2003). ''Psychological Perspectives on Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Experiences.'' [[Columbia University Press]], ISBN 9780231124133</ref>
Polysexuality is similar to pansexuality in definition, meaning "encompassing more than one sexuality," but not necessarily encompassing all sexualities. This is distinct from [[polyamory]], which means more than one sexual attraction at the same time. "Polysexual and polyamorous are used by people who recognize that the term ''bisexual'' [[Reification|reifies]] the gender [[dichotomy]] that underlies the distinction between [[heterosexuality]] and [[homosexuality]], implying that bisexuality is nothing more than a hybrid combination of these gender and sexual dichotomies."<ref name="Garnets2003">Garnets, Linda; Kimmel, Douglas C. (2003). ''Psychological Perspectives on Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Experiences.'' [[Columbia University Press]], ISBN 9780231124133</ref>

Revision as of 08:44, 3 October 2012

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Pansexuality, or omnisexuality,[1] is sexual attraction, sexual desire, romantic love, or emotional attraction toward persons of all gender identities and biological sexes.[2][3] Self-identified pansexuals may consider pansexuality a sexual orientation,[4] and refer to themselves as gender-blind, asserting that gender and sex are insignificant or irrelevant in determining whether they will be sexually attracted to others.[5] The Oxford English Dictionary defines pansexuality as, "not limited or inhibited in sexual choice with regards to gender or activity".[6]

The concept of pansexuality deliberately rejects the gender binary, the "notion of two genders and indeed of specific sexual orientations",[4] as pansexual people are open to relationships with people who do not identify as strictly men or women.[4][7]

Etymology

The prefix pan- comes from an Ancient Greek term meaning "all" or "every". Omni- comes from a Latin term meaning "all". "Pansexual" is derived from the word "pansexualism," dated back to 1917, which is the view "that the sex instinct plays the primary part in all human activity, mental and physical".[8][9] Credited to Sigmund Freud, it is a term of reproach leveled at early psychology, and is also defined as "the pervasion of all conduct and experience with sexual emotions".[10]

The conceptualization of "pansexuality" as distinct from "pansexualism" contrasts with predominant prefixes attached to the -sexual and -gender roots. Traditional thought employs the prefixes hetero- (opposite), homo- (same), bi- (two) and trans- ('across'). A Transgender identity, opens up a gender continuum rather than a gender binary rubric but does not discard or disregard the idea of gender altogether.

Compared with bisexuality and other sexual identities

A literal dictionary definition of bisexuality, due to the prefix bi-, is sexual or romantic attraction to two sexes (males and females), or to two genders (men and women).[11] Pansexuality, however, composed with the prefix pan-, is the sexual attraction to people of all sexes or genders. Using these definitions, pansexuality is different in that it includes people who are intersex and/or fall outside the gender binary.[4][9] Go Ask Alice! states that pansexuals can be attracted to cismen, ciswomen (meaning cisgender), "transmen, transwomen, intersex people, androgynous people, and everything else. It is generally considered a more inclusive term than bisexual".[9] Volume 2 of Cavendish's Sex and Society, however, clarifies that "[a]lthough the term's literal meaning can be interpreted as 'attracted to everything,' people who identify as pansexual do not include paraphilias, such as bestiality, pedophilia, and necrophilia, in their definition" and that they "stress that the term pansexuality describes only consensual adult sexual behaviors".[4]

The definition of pansexuality encourages the belief that it is the only category that covers individuals who do not cleanly fit into the categories of male/man or female/woman.[3][7] However, bisexual-identified people may object to the notion that bisexuality means sexual attraction to only two genders, arguing that since bisexual is not simply about attraction to two sexes and encompasses gender as well, it can include attraction to more than two genders.[12] Gender is considered more complex, as it includes genetic, hormonal, social, and environmental factors,[4] and there are gender identities that are wholly similar to each other.[12] The term pansexuality is used interchangeably with bisexuality, and, similarly, people who identify as bisexual may "feel that gender, biological sex, and sexual orientation should not be a focal point in potential [romantic/sexual] relationships".[4] In one study analyzing sexual identities, described as alternative terms for bisexual or bi-self labels, "[h]alf of all bisexual and bisexual-identified respondents also chose alternative self-labels such as queer, pansexual, polyfidelitous, ambisexual, polysexual, or personalized identities such as 'byke' or 'biphilic'".[13]

Polysexuality is similar to pansexuality in definition, meaning "encompassing more than one sexuality," but not necessarily encompassing all sexualities. This is distinct from polyamory, which means more than one sexual attraction at the same time. "Polysexual and polyamorous are used by people who recognize that the term bisexual reifies the gender dichotomy that underlies the distinction between heterosexuality and homosexuality, implying that bisexuality is nothing more than a hybrid combination of these gender and sexual dichotomies."[14]

In the media

  • Writer Russell T Davies introduced Captain Jack Harkness, of British series' Doctor Who and Torchwood, with the intention of properly introducing bisexuality to the British public.[15] However, the term "omnisexual" is also frequently used by cast and crew to describe the character; its use is intended to highlight that Jack does not discriminate between humans and aliens.[16][17] Actor John Barrowman explains that in Torchwood's usage, it is an "in-universe" term; Jack represents in real-world terms the representative portrayal of a bisexual man in a lead role on television. "[He]’s bisexual, but in the realm of the show, we call him omnisexual, because on the show, [the characters] also have sex with aliens who take human form, and sex with male-male, women-women, all sorts of combinations".[18]
  • In the American Dad episode "You Debt Your Life", the Smith family's live-in alien, Roger, describes himself as a "fey pansexual alcoholic non-human" in a similar vein to comedian Andy Dick.
  • Franky Fitzgerald, played by Dakota Blue Richards, is a pansexual and androgynous girl from the UK show Skins. In season 5, she stated that she was "into people" when asked about her sexuality.[19] Richards has denied rumours that her character is homosexual,[20] and has said that Franky is an 'outsider' who doesn't want to be seen as male, female, gay or straight.[21] Episode 7 of the series reveals her to be pansexual.[22]
  • Lisbeth Salander, heroine of the popular The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo trilogy, is identified as simply enjoying sex and not minding much with whom she is enjoying it.
  • Bo, a succubus from the popular Canadian supernatural, drama series Lost Girl has mentioned "putting herself out there" with different people: men, women, human, and Fae.
  • Dean Pelton is pansexual. Community series, Season 3 episode 1.

See also

References

  1. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Fourth Edition. Retrieved February 9, 2007, from Dictionary.com website
  2. ^ "Pansexuality". SexInfo Online. University of California, Santa Barbara.
  3. ^ a b Hill, Marjorie J.; Jones, Billy E. (2002). Mental health issues in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender communities. American Psychiatric Pub. p. 95. ISBN 978-1-58562-069-2. Retrieved 28 February 2011. Cite error: The named reference "mental health" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Rice, Kim (2009). "Pansexuality". In Marshall Cavendish Corporation (ed.). Sex and Society. Vol. 2. Marshall Cavendish. p. 593. ISBN 978-0-7614-7905-5. Retrieved October 3, 2012.
  5. ^ Diamond, L., & Butterworth, M. (2008). Questioning gender and sexual identity: Dynamic links over time. Sex Roles. Published online March 29, 2008.
  6. ^ "definition of pansexual from Oxford Dictionaries Online". Oxforddictionaries.com. Retrieved 2012-06-20.
  7. ^ a b Soble, Alan (2006). "Bisexuality". Sex from Plato to Paglia: a philosophical encyclopedia. Vol. 1. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-313-32686-8. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
  8. ^ "''Online Etymology Dictionary''". Etymonline.com. Retrieved 2012-06-20.
  9. ^ a b c "Bi, gay, pansexual: What do I call myself?". Go Ask Alice!. December 12, 2003 (Last Updated/Reviewed on September 14, 2012). Retrieved October 3, 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  10. ^ The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/pansexualism
  11. ^ "GLAAD Media Reference Guide". Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation. Archived from the original on January 1, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
  12. ^ a b "What is Bisexuality?". The Bisexual Index.
  13. ^ Firestein, Beth A. (2007). Becoming Visible: Counseling Bisexuals Across the Lifespan. Columbia University Press. p. 9. ISBN 0231137249, 9780231137249. Retrieved October 3, 2012. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  14. ^ Garnets, Linda; Kimmel, Douglas C. (2003). Psychological Perspectives on Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Experiences. Columbia University Press, ISBN 9780231124133
  15. ^ "Davies hails Captain Jack's sexuality". digital spy. 16 June 2008. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
  16. ^ Ryan, Maureen (14 July 2007). "Spike from 'Buffy' and 'Torchwood's Captain Jack Harkness - Yowza!". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
  17. ^ Itzkoff, Dave (25 May 2006). "Dr. Who 2: Sexed-Up British Intelligence". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
  18. ^ Ryan, Maureen (2007-07-14). "Spike from 'Buffy' and 'Torchwood's Captain Jack Harkness - Yowza!". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2009-06-02. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  19. ^ Heather Hogan (March 11, 2011). "Franky Fitzgerald kisses Mini McGuiness, caps off perfect week of TV". After Ellen. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  20. ^ Bendix, Trish (2011-01-24). "Dakota Blue Richards says Franky Fitzgerald is not a lesbian". AfterEllen.com. Retrieved 2012-06-20.
  21. ^ Published Saturday, Mar 19 2011, 10:00 GMT (2011-03-19). "More 'Skins' chat with Dakota Blue Richards! - Skins Interview - TV". Digital Spy. Retrieved 2012-06-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ "Autostraddle — Franky Likes People: Skins UK Episode 507 is a Pansexual Ending to a Very Queer Week of TV". Autostraddle.com. 2011-03-11. Retrieved 2012-07-06.
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