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Hair in the 1980s was generally big, [[curly hair|curly]], [[bouffant]] and heavily styled.<ref name="dailymail.co.uk">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-524168/Return-perm-Big-hair-leads-Eighties-comeback.html|title=Return of the perm: Big hair leads the Eighties' comeback|publisher=''[[Daily Mail]]''|accessdate=10 August 2012|location=London|date=2 March 2008}}</ref> This was in contrast to the long and straight style worn in the 1970s. Television shows such as ''[[Dynasty (TV series)|Dynasty]]'' helped popularize the high volume bouffant and glamorous image associated with it.<ref name="Brubaker2003">{{cite book|last=Brubaker|first=Ken|title=Monster Trucks|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3F4x99hh5LwC&pg=PA64|accessdate=10 August 2012|date=9 October 2003|publisher=MotorBooks International|isbn=978-0-7603-1544-6|page=64}}</ref><ref name="WeltersCunningham2005">{{cite book|last1=Welters|first1=Linda|last2=Cunningham|first2=Patricia A.|title=Twentieth-Century American Fashion|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=BsQuu8cG85UC&pg=PA223|accessdate=10 August 2012|date=20 May 2005|publisher=Berg|isbn=978-1-84520-073-2|pages=223, 337}}</ref> Women from the 1980s wore a heavy and bright makeup. Everyday fashion [[makeup]] in the 80s comprised having light-colored lips, dark and thick eyelashes, pink and light blue blusher.<ref name="BatemanBenyahia2012">{{cite book|last1=Bateman|first1=Antony|last2=Benyahia|first2=Sarah Casey Casey|last3=Mortimer|first3=Claire|title=AS Media Studies: The Essential Introduction for WJEC|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=RwLSZpOjwkcC&pg=PA111|accessdate=10 August 2012|date=23 May 2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-61334-7|page=111}}</ref><ref name="SteinbergKehler2010">{{cite book|last1=Steinberg|first1=Shirley R.|last2=Kehler|first2=Michael|last3=Cornish|first3=Lindsay|title=Boy Culture: An Encyclopedia|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ZnSBRxsjn_4C&pg=PA95|accessdate=10 August 2012|date=17 June 2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-35080-1|page=95}}</ref>
Hair in the 1980s was generally big, [[curly hair|curly]], [[bouffant]] and heavily styled.<ref name="dailymail.co.uk">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-524168/Return-perm-Big-hair-leads-Eighties-comeback.html|title=Return of the perm: Big hair leads the Eighties' comeback|publisher=''[[Daily Mail]]''|accessdate=10 August 2012|location=London|date=2 March 2008}}</ref> This was in contrast to the long and straight style worn in the 1970s. Television shows such as ''[[Dynasty (TV series)|Dynasty]]'' helped popularize the high volume bouffant and glamorous image associated with it.<ref name="Brubaker2003">{{cite book|last=Brubaker|first=Ken|title=Monster Trucks|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3F4x99hh5LwC&pg=PA64|accessdate=10 August 2012|date=9 October 2003|publisher=MotorBooks International|isbn=978-0-7603-1544-6|page=64}}</ref><ref name="WeltersCunningham2005">{{cite book|last1=Welters|first1=Linda|last2=Cunningham|first2=Patricia A.|title=Twentieth-Century American Fashion|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=BsQuu8cG85UC&pg=PA223|accessdate=10 August 2012|date=20 May 2005|publisher=Berg|isbn=978-1-84520-073-2|pages=223, 337}}</ref> Women from the 1980s wore a heavy and bright makeup. Everyday fashion [[makeup]] in the 80s comprised having light-colored lips, dark and thick eyelashes, pink and light blue blusher.<ref name="BatemanBenyahia2012">{{cite book|last1=Bateman|first1=Antony|last2=Benyahia|first2=Sarah Casey Casey|last3=Mortimer|first3=Claire|title=AS Media Studies: The Essential Introduction for WJEC|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=RwLSZpOjwkcC&pg=PA111|accessdate=10 August 2012|date=23 May 2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-61334-7|page=111}}</ref><ref name="SteinbergKehler2010">{{cite book|last1=Steinberg|first1=Shirley R.|last2=Kehler|first2=Michael|last3=Cornish|first3=Lindsay|title=Boy Culture: An Encyclopedia|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ZnSBRxsjn_4C&pg=PA95|accessdate=10 August 2012|date=17 June 2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-35080-1|page=95}}</ref>


==Women's Fashion==
==Early to Mid 1980s (1980–1984)==


===Early 1980s===
===Minimalism and Athletic Clothing===
In the early 1980s, fashion had carried onward from the late 70s. Athletic clothes were more popular than jeans during this period and was more subdued in color. Popular colors were black, white, indigo, forest green, burgundy, and different shades of browns, tans, and oranges. Velour, velvet, and polyester were popular fabrics used on clothes, especially tops, such as button-ups and v-neck shirts. Looser pants remained popular during this time, being fairly wide but straight, and tighter shirts were especially favored. The general public at this time had desired to wear low maintenance clothing with more basic colors, as the global recession going on at the time had kept extravagant clothes out of reach. <ref name="1980sFashionTrends">{{cite web|url=http://www.retrowaste.com/1980s/fashion-in-the-1980s/|title=Fashion in the 1980s |accessdate= 24 April 2014}}</ref>


====Minimalism====
Most of the clothing fashionable in the early 80s was unisex, much like that of the late 1970s. Popular unisex fashions during this time include sweaters, loose pants, and tracksuits (especially ones made in velour).<ref name="HistoricalFashionPerspective">{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2019488/Kays-catalogue-100th-anniversary-From-Noel-Edmonds-T-shirt-Lisa-Faulkners-LBD.html |title=Anyone for a Noel Edmonds' T-shirt or Lisa Faulkner's LBD? Changing faces and fashions from 100 years of Kays catalogue |accessdate= 24 April 2014}}</ref> Women favored clothing such as knee-length skirts, high-waisted loose pants worn with thin belts, embroidered jeans, leather pants, faux-fur coats, knee-high boots with thick kitten heels, and fur-lined quilted jackets. Men wore v-neck sweaters polyester and velour polo-neck shirts, sports jerseys, jeans, polyester button-ups, beanies, and hoodies. Around this time it became acceptable for men to wear sports coats and slacks to places that previously required a suit.<ref name="1980sFashionTrends" /> In the UK, children's pants remained flared, but only slightly.<ref name="HistoricalFashionPerspective" />
* The early 1980s were very different from the rest of the 1980s, with the fashion being practically identical to late 1970s. The early 1980s saw a minimalist approach to fashion, with accessories less of an importance, and practicality was considered just as much as aesthetics. Women's fashions were not very feminine around this time, though skirts were popular.
* Most of the clothing fashionable in the early 80s was unisex, much like that of the late 1970s. Popular unisex fashions during this time include sweaters, loose pants, and tracksuits (especially ones made in velour).<ref name="HistoricalFashionPerspective">{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2019488/Kays-catalogue-100th-anniversary-From-Noel-Edmonds-T-shirt-Lisa-Faulkners-LBD.html |title=Anyone for a Noel Edmonds' T-shirt or Lisa Faulkner's LBD? Changing faces and fashions from 100 years of Kays catalogue |accessdate= 24 April 2014}}</ref>
* Women favored clothing such as knee-length skirts, high-waisted loose pants worn with thin belts, embroidered jeans, leather pants, faux-fur coats, knee-high boots with thick kitten heels, and fur-lined quilted jackets.<ref name="1980sFashionTrends">{{cite web|url=http://www.retrowaste.com/1980s/fashion-in-the-1980s/|title=Fashion in the 1980s |accessdate= 24 April 2014}}</ref>


===Professional Fashion===
* In the 1970s, more women were joining the work force, and by the early 80s women were no longer considered unusual. As a way to proclaim themselves as equals in the job market, women started to dress more seriously at work. Popular clothes for women in the job market include knee-length skirts, wide-legged slacks, a matching blazer, and a blouse of a different color. Kitten-heeled shoes were often worn.<ref name="1980sFashionTrends" />


===Mid 1980s (1984-1986)===
This lasted until about 1983, when the decade had started to come on its own and transform itself into the iconic style that the 80s are known for today.


====Aerobics Craze====
Men also grew moustaches due to the influence of television shows like ''[[Magnum, P.I.]]''. Medium-length 70s haircuts ([[wings haircut]]) were still common among men, while the longer haircuts of the 1970s went out of fashion.
* The 1983 movie ''[[Flashdance]]'' made ripped sweatshirts that exposed one bare shoulder popular, which caught on with the mainstream in 1984.
* With the arrival of the aerobics craze of the mid 1980s the classic leotard moved from the dance floor to the gym, accompanied by matching [[tights]], [[legwarmers]], and elastic headbands. Leotards of the mid 1980s boasted bright stripes, polka dots, and even elastic belts. The popularity of aerobics and of dance-themed television shows and movies created a dancewear fashion craze, inspirations include ''[[Fame (1980 film)|Fame]]'', ''[[Staying Alive (1983 film)|Staying Alive]]'', [[Olivia Newton-John]]'s "[[Physical (Olivia Newton-John song)|Physical]]" video, and [[Jane Fonda]]'s line of aerobic videos.
* [[Leggings]] were a big part of this trend. They were usually worn with oversized sweaters and sweatshirts in the cooler months and with oversized T-shirts in the warmer months. It was also popular to wear [[slouch socks]] and sneakers, especially [[Keds]] with leggings. Plaid skirts with leggings were also worn with sneakers especially Keds and slouch socks or with [[ballet flats]] or boat shoes as part of the preppy look. Also bike shorts were popular under baby doll dresses and short dresses with sneakers and no socks or sneakers with slouch socks. Many girls in every grade, K through 12, for gym class would wear black leggings with white slouch socks, athletic sneakers or sneakers also Keds and oversized tee shirts. Many women also wore this style as exercise wear. Many college girls wore the leggings and slouch socks with sneakers or Keds a lot and the dresses with shorts to classes and around campus. It was also not uncommon to see mothers dressed along with their daughters in the [[slouch socks]] worn over [[leggings]] or sweatpants, an oversized shirt or sweater, and sports shoes with Keds seen often. From the late 1980s to the late 1990s, [[shortalls]], a version of overalls in which the legs of the garment resemble those of shorts, were popular.


====Madonna's Influence on Women's Fashion====
The 1983 movie ''[[Flashdance]]'' made ripped sweatshirts popular. The television shows ''[[Dallas (1978 TV series)|Dallas]]'' and, in particular, ''[[Dynasty (TV series)|Dynasty]]'' also had a similar impact, especially in the area of the increasingly oversized [[shoulder pads (fashion)|shoulder pads]]. ''[[Dallas (TV show)|Dallas]]'', however, promoted displays of wealth involving glitzy [[jewelry]] and sparkling clothing.<ref>http://www.skwirk.com.au/p-c_s-14%20_u-189_t-509_c-1888/1980s---decade-in-context/nsw/history/australia's-social-and-cultural-history-in-the-post-war-period/social-and-cultural-features-of-the-1980s</ref>
[[File:Madonna, Rotterdam, 26-8-1987.jpg|thumb|right|145px|[[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]] was a major fashion influence on young girls and women around the world.]]
* In the 1980s, rising pop star [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]] proved to be very influential to female fashions. She first emerged on the dance music scene with her "street urchin" look consisting of short skirts worn over leggings, necklaces, rubber bracelets, fishnet gloves, hairbows, long layered strings of beads, bleached, untidy hair with dark roots, [[headband]]s, and lace ribbons. In her "[[Like a Virgin]]" phase, millions of young girls around the world emulated her fashion example that included brassieres worn as outerwear, huge crucifix jewelry, lace gloves, tulle skirts, and boytoy belts.
* Gloves, sometimes lace or fingerless, were popularized by Madonna, as well as fishnet stockings and layers of beaded necklaces. Short, tight [[Lycra]] or [[leather]] miniskirts and tubular dresses were also worn, as were cropped, [[bolero]]-style jackets. Black was the preferred color. Another club fashion for women was lingerie as outerwear. Prior to the mid-1980s it had been taboo to show a slip or a bra strap in public. A visible undergarment had been a sign of social ineptness. In the new fad's most extreme forms, young women would forgo conventional outer-garments for vintage-style [[bustier]]s with lacy slips and several large crucifixes. This was both an assertion of sexual freedom and a conscious rejection of prevailing androgynous fashions.


===New Romantic look===
====Power Dressing====
[[File:Poetblouse.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Young Englishman wearing a [[poet shirt|pirate shirt]]]]
[[New Romantic]] was a [[New Wave music|New Wave]] and fashion movement that occurred primarily in British and Irish [[nightclub]]s. New Wave, New Romantic, and gothic (Goth) fashion at this time was heavily influenced by punk fashion: the streaky eyeliner, the spiked hair, the outrageous clothing, some of which derived from bondage wear (goth) and some of which (New Romantic) was a nod to long-gone eras. New Romantics emerged in the UK music scene in the early 1980s as a direct backlash [[Council house|council estates]], the New Romantics celebrated glamour and partied regularly at local [[nightclub]]s. The make-up was streaky and bold. The notoriously outlandish designer/club host [[Leigh Bowery]], known for his exuberant designs, became a muse for artists such as [[Boy George]] and [[Duran Duran]] and had grown a huge status in the early 1980s underground club scene. The early designer of the punk look was [[Vivienne Westwood]]. Her early career was closely linked to the Sex Pistols. She also designed clothing specifically for bands, such as [[Adam and the Ants]], and later developed the "pirate look." The [[pirate]] look featured full-sleeved, frilled "[[Poet shirt|buccaneer]]" shirts often made of expensive fabrics. Hussar-style jackets with gold-braiding were worn with the shirts as well as high-waisted, baggy trousers which tapered at the ankle.<ref name="Fashion-Era.com">Fashion-Era.com</ref> Colin Swift, Stevie Stewart and David Holah were also influential NewRo designers. One element of this trend that went mainstream and remained popular for most of the decade were short shirt collars worn unfolded against the neck ([[popped collar]]s) with the top one or two buttons unfastened. This trend made a comeback among both genders in the late 90s.

===Valley girl===
Headbands became fashionable in the early 1980s. The trend started in California and spread across the United States. Other associated trends were [[leg warmer]]s and [[miniskirt]]s, especially "ra-ra" skirts, modeled after the short, flared skirts worn by American [[cheerleader]]s. Leg warmers, which had been long staple gear for professional dancers during rehearsals, became a teen trend at about the same time; their popularity, and that of sweatshirts with their collars cut off, exploded following the 1983 release of ''[[Flashdance]]''. Miniskirts returned for the first time since the early 1970s. These styles became associated with the [[Valley Girl]] trend that was popular at the time, based on the movie ''[[Valley Girl (film)|Valley Girl]]'' (1983) and [[Valley Girl (song)|popular song]] by [[Frank Zappa]] and [[Moon Unit Zappa]]. The mid-1980s continued the craze for designer jeans and saw leather become popular. Girls and women also fueled the lace trend. As the decade closed the various other fads soon spent themselves, but miniskirts remained in style and became an option for women's business suits throughout the 1980s and early 1990s with dolly shoes. Frequently, these mini skirts were worn with [[leggings]]. These styles are shown in today's fashion with stores such as American Apparel, whose main look is solid colors and simple patterns and the same shapes and silhouettes of the 1980s. In Britain and Ireland, leg warmers were often worn with tight jeans, long jumpers or sweaters, and high heeled court shoes.

===Power dressing===
[[Image:Reagans with Jackie Kennedy.jpg|thumb|150px|President Ronald Reagan and his wife, [[Nancy Reagan|Nancy]], are seen with Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis.]]
[[Image:Reagans with Jackie Kennedy.jpg|thumb|150px|President Ronald Reagan and his wife, [[Nancy Reagan|Nancy]], are seen with Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis.]]
* The television shows ''[[Dallas (1978 TV series)|Dallas]]'' and, in particular, ''[[Dynasty (TV series)|Dynasty]]'' had an impact in the area of the increasingly oversized [[shoulder pads (fashion)|shoulder pads]]. ''[[Dallas (TV show)|Dallas]]'', however, promoted displays of wealth involving glitzy [[jewelry]] and sparkling clothing.<ref>http://www.skwirk.com.au/p-c_s-14%20_u-189_t-509_c-1888/1980s---decade-in-context/nsw/history/australia's-social-and-cultural-history-in-the-post-war-period/social-and-cultural-features-of-the-1980s</ref>
[[File:Grey Double-Buttoned Suit Jacket.jpg|thumb|150px|1940s inspired pinstripe suit with large shoulder pads and double breasted fastening. These "[[power suits]]" were fashionable in Britain from the early 1980s until the late 1990s.]]
* [[Shoulder pads (fashion)|Shoulder pads]], popularized by [[Joan Collins]] and [[Linda Evans]] from the [[soap opera]] ''[[Dynasty (TV series)|Dynasty]]'' were popular from the mid 1980s to the early 1990s. The reason behind the sudden popularity of shoulder pads for women in the 1980s may be that women in the workplace were no longer unusual, and wanted to "power dress" to show that they were the equals of men at the office. Many women's outfits had [[Velcro]] on the inside of the shoulder where various sized shoulder pads could be attached.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} While the padded shoulders emphasized confidence and drive of the business women, a nipped-in waist and a short skirt emphasized a good figure. This power look was often finished off with shades and a neat, bobbed hairstyle.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mendes, and de la Haye|first=Valerie, and Amy|title=Fashion Since 1900|year=2010|publisher=Thames & Hudson Ltd|location=London|page=224}}</ref> Calvin Klein noted in ''W'' that a 'career chic' wardrobe should consist of three jackets, three sweaters, two skirts, and one dress. The materials of these pieces had to be made of expensive cashmere, silk, and leather, in order to give off authority and power while still including style and quality.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mendes, and de la Hayes|first=Valerie, and Amy|title=Fashion Since 1900|year=2010|publisher=Thames & Husdon Ltd|location=London|page=248}}</ref>
[[Image:Shoe Jelly .jpg|thumb|150px|A [[jelly shoe]].]]
[[Image:Shoe Jelly .jpg|thumb|150px|A [[jelly shoe]].]]
* Meanwhile women's fashion and business shoes revisited the pointed toes and spiked heels that were popular in the 1950s and early 1960s. Some stores stocked canvas or satin covered fashion shoes in white and dyed them to the customer's preferred color. While the most popular shoes amongst young women were bright colored high heels, a trend started to emerge which saw '[[Jelly shoes|Jellies]]'—colorful, transparent plastic heels—become popular. The top fashion models of the 1980s were [[Brooke Shields]], [[Christie Brinkley]], [[Joan Severance]], [[Kim Alexis]], [[Carol Alt]], [[Renée Simonsen]], [[Kelly Emberg]], [[Ines de la Fressange]], [[Tatjana Patitz]], [[Elle Macpherson]] and [[Paulina Porizkova]].
[[Shoulder pads (fashion)|Shoulder pads]], popularized by [[Joan Collins]] and [[Linda Evans]] from the [[soap opera]] ''[[Dynasty (TV series)|Dynasty]]'', remained popular throughout the 1980s and even the first three years of the 1990s. The reason behind the sudden popularity of shoulder pads for women in the 1980s may be that women in the workplace were no longer unusual, and wanted to "power dress" to show that they were the equals of men at the office. Many women's outfits had [[Velcro]] on the inside of the shoulder where various sized shoulder pads could be attached.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} While the padded shoulders emphasized confidence and drive of the business women, a nipped-in waist and a short skirt emphasized a good figure. This power look was often finished off with shades and a neat, bobbed hairstyle.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mendes, and de la Haye|first=Valerie, and Amy|title=Fashion Since 1900|year=2010|publisher=Thames & Hudson Ltd|location=London|page=224}}</ref> Calvin Klein noted in ''W'' that a 'career chic' wardrobe should consist of three jackets, three sweaters, two skirts, and one dress. The materials of these pieces had to be made of expensive cashmere, silk, and leather, in order to give off authority and power while still including style and quality.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mendes, and de la Hayes|first=Valerie, and Amy|title=Fashion Since 1900|year=2010|publisher=Thames & Husdon Ltd|location=London|page=248}}</ref>


===Late 1980s (1987-1989)===
The television show ''[[Dynasty (TV series)|Dynasty]]'', watched by over 250 million viewers around the world in the 1980s, influenced fashion in mainstream America and perhaps most of the Western world. The show influenced women to wear glitzy jewelry as a way of flaunting wealth. Synthetic fabrics went out of style in the 1980s.


====Happy pants====
Men's business attire saw a return of pinstripes for the first time since the 1970s. The new pinstripes were much wider than in 1930s and 1940s suits but were similar to the 1970s styles. Three-piece suits gradually went out of fashion in the early 1980s and lapels on suits became very narrow (similar to 1950s styles). While vests in the 1970s had commonly been worn high with six or five buttons, those made in the early 1980s often had only four buttons and were made to be worn low. Neckties also became narrower in the 1980s and skinny versions, some made of leather, briefly were stylish among men interested in New Wave music. Button-down collars made a return, for both business and casual wear.
Happy pants were worn mostly by teenagers, especially teenage girls, in the 1980s. Fun kids fabrics were used to make the happy pants. This meant those who wore them had their own unique pair of happy pants. In Australia, happy pants were a basic, elasticized pair of shorts, made from children's range of bright and bold designs in cotton fabric. The shorts were not too tight, not too baggy, and finished in length just above the knee. In 1986, ''Dolly Magazine'' released a 1980s happy pants pattern for the basic elastic shorts. As most teenage girls had done Home Economics, they made their own shorts for happy pants.


====Designer underwear====
Meanwhile women's fashion and business shoes revisited the pointed toes and spiked heels that were popular in the 1950s and early 1960s. Some stores stocked canvas or satin covered fashion shoes in white and dyed them to the customer's preferred color. While the most popular shoes amongst young women were bright colored high heels, a trend started to emerge which saw '[[Jelly shoes|Jellies]]'—colorful, transparent plastic heels—become popular. The top fashion models of the 1980s were [[Brooke Shields]], [[Christie Brinkley]], [[Joan Severance]], [[Kim Alexis]], [[Carol Alt]], [[Renée Simonsen]], [[Kelly Emberg]], [[Ines de la Fressange]], [[Tatjana Patitz]], [[Elle Macpherson]] and [[Paulina Porizkova]].
Underwear became a more important fashion accessory for both men and women. Women's looks tended to be in a wide array of pastel colors, with lacy trimmings. Camisoles with built in bras became popular for women, especially visible in the neckline of jackets worn for work. Men became more fashion conscious as well. Underwear was also colorful for men, and boxer shorts were "tapered", or styled after the side-vent running shorts, with a trimmer cut. Despite the high-waisted pant styles, low-rise underwear was very popular with both genders, much due to their sex appeal, among other factors.


Both sexes were wearing stylish underwear such as those modeled by celebrities and ones displayed in television, magazines, and movies. Women began to favor polyester satin fabrics for lingerie, and the Jocks company, long known for its men's line, began manufacturing lace-trimmed, French-cut styles of g-bangers aimed at more conservative men. The teddy, or all-in-one camisole and tap pants, was often worn on television, by stars such as [[Cybill Shepherd]] in ''[[Moonlighting (TV series)|Moonlighting]]'', and was very popular as a more modest garment that nearly eliminated the need for a slip. Bright jewel tones to match the silk charmeuse and satin blouses shown on ''[[Dallas (1978 TV series)|Dallas]]'' and ''[[Dynasty (TV series)|Dynasty]]'' were the rage. With baseball star [[Jim Palmer]] the new Jockey pitchman, focus on skimpy bikinis and bold prints worn by the athlete in print ads became popular. Fashion underwear was influenced by [[Michael J. Fox]]'s lilac [[Calvin Klein]] briefs in ''[[Back to the Future]]'', and [[Oakland Raiders]] star [[Howie Long]] in colorful Hanes bikini and colored brief ads. Colored, patterned, and figured men's bikinis were available and widely popular with men of all ages.
===Leotards and dancewear===
[[Leotard]]s had been a fashion trend since the early 1970s, when they were first used to add color and texture under the "layered look" popular in the middle of that decade. By the end of the decade, leotards made from shiny [[spandex]] had become the standard feminine fashion of the "[[disco]] era", partly for their form-fitting quality and the fact that they allowed flexibility and ease of movement. With the arrival of the aerobics craze of the early 1980s the classic leotard moved from the dance floor to the gym, accompanied by matching [[tights]], [[legwarmers]], and elastic headbands. Leotards of the early 1980s boasted bright stripes, polka dots, and even elastic belts. The popularity of aerobics and of dance-themed television shows and movies, such as ''[[Fame (1980 film)|Fame]]'' and ''[[Staying Alive (1983 film)|Staying Alive]]'' created a dancewear fashion craze, and leotards, legwarmers, and headbands were soon being worn as street wear. The 1983 film ''[[Flashdance]]'' popularized ripped sweatshirts that exposed one bare shoulder. Celebrity dancewear inspirations of the era included [[Olivia Newton-John]]'s "[[Physical (Olivia Newton-John song)|Physical]]" video and [[Jane Fonda]]'s line of aerobic videos.


===''Miami Vice'' look===
The 1980s brought an explosion of colorful styles in men's clothing. The look of several popular TV stars helped to set fashion trends among young and middle-aged men.


==Men's Fashion==
''[[Miami Vice]]'' was one such series, whose leading men donned casual [[t-shirt]]s underneath expensive [[Suit (clothing)|suit]] jackets—often in bright or pastel colors. The t-shirt-with-designer-jacket look was often accompanied by jackets with broad, padded shoulders, and a few days' growth of facial hair, dubbed "designer stubble", a look popularized by the series' leading man [[Don Johnson]].


===Early 1980s (1980-1983)===
Similarly, another popular look for men beginning in the early 1980s was the [[Hawaiian shirt]], as worn by Tom Selleck, star of television's enormously popular detective series ''[[Magnum, P.I.]]''


====Athletic Clothing====
Thanks to ''Magnum, P.I.'', Hawaiian shirts sales soared (as did the numbers of men, of all walks of life, sporting mustaches), complemented with [[sport coat]]s, often with top-stitched lapels for a "custom-tailored" look). In counterpoint to the bright shirt, jackets were often gray, tan, rust or white, donned casually and in sunny locales doubled even as business attire, in which case they could be seen worn with a tie.Easy-care micro-suede and corduroy jackets became popular choices, especially those with a Western style. [[Cowboy boot]]s, in the early 1980s, became popular even among non-cowboys. Some boots were remarkably expensive, such as those made by Lucchese, which could cost $500 a pair. Also in vogue—and also expensive—were [[Gucci]] loafers, as worn by [[Tom Selleck]] in a famous cologne advertisement.
* In the early 1980s, fashion had carried onward from the late 70s. Athletic clothes were more popular than jeans during this period and was more subdued in color. Popular colors were black, white, indigo, forest green, burgundy, and different shades of browns, tans, and oranges. Velour, velvet, and polyester were popular fabrics used on clothes, especially tops, such as button-ups and v-neck shirts. Looser pants remained popular during this time, being fairly wide but straight, and tighter shirts were especially favored. The general public at this time had desired to wear low maintenance clothing with more basic colors, as the global recession going on at the time had kept extravagant clothes out of reach.<ref name="1980sFashionTrends" />
* Popular clothing in the early 80s worn by men include tracksuits,<ref name="uniexposed">{{cite book |author=Craik, Jennifer |title=Uniforms Exposed (Dress, Body, Culture) |publisher=Berg Publishers |location=Oxford, UK |year=2005 |pages=171 |isbn=1-85973-804-4}}</ref> v-neck sweaters, polyester and velour polo-neck shirts, sports jerseys, jeans, polyester button-ups, beanies, and hoodies. Around this time it became acceptable for men to wear sports coats and slacks to places that previously required a suit.<ref name="1980sFashionTrends" /> In the UK, children's pants remained flared, but only slightly.<ref name="HistoricalFashionPerspective" />


===Mid 1980s (1984-1986)===
Another off-the-charts look for young men that emerged in the early 1980s was the "[[Members Only]]" jacket, its brand name conspicuously displayed on the front left breast pocket. It was a golf style windbreaker, with a slim mandarin-style collar.


===Preppy look===
====''Miami Vice'' Look====
* The mid 1980s brought an explosion of colorful styles in men's clothing. The look of several popular TV stars helped to set fashion trends among young and middle-aged men. ''[[Miami Vice]]'' was one such series, whose leading men donned casual [[t-shirt]]s underneath expensive [[Suit (clothing)|suit]] jackets—often in bright or pastel colors. The t-shirt-with-designer-jacket look was often accompanied by jackets with broad, padded shoulders, and a few days' growth of facial hair, dubbed "designer stubble", a look popularized by the series' leading man [[Don Johnson]]. Similarly, another popular look for men in the 1980s was the [[Hawaiian shirt]], as worn by Tom Selleck, star of television's enormously popular detective series ''[[Magnum, P.I.]]''
Contemporaneously, there was a resurgence of another look, a throwback to the earlier 1950s collegiate look or [[Ivy League]] look. Its wearers and advocates rallied against the more trendy styles cited above. This revival style held great snob appeal, and came to be definitively summarized in an enormously popular paperback: [[The Official Preppy Handbook]]. This "[[preppy]]" cultural backlash spread like wildfire, inspiring a deep-seated social sensibility that extended to and included all manner of consumables and socialization. Preppies eschewed micro-suede jackets, instead favoring a classic single or double-breasted blazer in navy blue or midnight blue seasonal weight wool or linen. The truly privileged favored an English bespoke shouldered pattern, double vented. All styles boosted gold-tone or actual gold buttons; ideally, for total snob appeal, the buttons were engraved with the owner’s initials or an alma mater’s insignia. Beneath the blue jacket, Preppies donned a variety of shirts; prized were candy-stripes and solid colors; flashy Hawaiian patterns or designs were to be avoided, at all costs, to protect one’s perceived upper-class status.
* Thanks to ''Magnum, P.I.'', Hawaiian shirts sales soared (as did the numbers of men, of all walks of life, sporting mustaches), complemented with [[sport coat]]s, often with top-stitched lapels for a "custom-tailored" look). In counterpoint to the bright shirt, jackets were often gray, tan, rust or white, donned casually and in sunny locales doubled even as business attire, in which case they could be seen worn with a tie. Easy-care micro-suede and corduroy jackets became popular choices, especially those with a Western style. [[Cowboy boot]]s, in the early 1980s, became popular even among non-cowboys. Some boots were remarkably expensive, such as those made by Lucchese, which could cost $500 a pair. Also in vogue—and also expensive—were [[Gucci]] loafers, as worn by [[Tom Selleck]] in a famous cologne advertisement.


====Michael Jackson's Influence on Men's Fashion====
Significantly, then, it can be said that the 1980s men’s fashion scene was transfigured by a social class consciousness, whereto, expressing this tacit and exclusionary “code” for a man’s dress were parameters that determined his social status, as codified aptly in the Lisa Birnbach’s et al., The Official Preppy Handbook. Purportedly, such “in the know” standards came to be indicative of one’s background, education and upper class. Some sociologists would avoid or attempt discounting that pivotal, authoritative and tacit but insidious and fully dichotomous aspect of that American period in men’s fashion, which quickly came to far exceed in importance mere fashion statement.
* [[Michael Jackson]] had many iconic looks. The ''Thriller look'' was inspired by Jackson's record breaking album ''[[Thriller (Michael Jackson album)|Thriller]]''. Teenagers would attempt to replicate the look of Jackson, which included matching red/black leather pants and jackets, one glove, sunglasses, and [[jheri curl]]. [[Michael Jackson's Thriller jacket]] and similar clothing seen in films like ''[[The Lost Boys]]'' were often studded and left undone to create a messier look. Oversized, slouch shouldered faded leather jackets with puffy sleeves from Europe caught on. Gloves, sometimes fingerless, would also accompany this jacket. Late in the decade plain brown aviator jackets made a comeback, styled after [[World War II]] fighter pilot jackets. Already popular aviators were joined by other forms of sunglasses. It was not unusual for [[sunglasses]] or ''shades'' as they were known, to be worn at night. Jackson frequently wore a [[fedora]] in during concerts and other public appearances.


====Preppy Look====
However, that all said, by the mid-1980s European and US designers' popularity and re-focus on classical men's styles had captured yet another segment of the men's fashion market, which in a manner of speaking attracted a following from both the preppy and non-preppy haberdashery mindsets.
* Contemporaneously, there was a resurgence of another look, a throwback to the earlier 1950s collegiate look or [[Ivy League]] look. Its wearers and advocates rallied against the more trendy styles cited above. This revival style held great snob appeal, and came to be definitively summarized in an enormously popular paperback: [[The Official Preppy Handbook]]. This "[[preppy]]" cultural backlash spread like wildfire, inspiring a deep-seated social sensibility that extended to and included all manner of consumables and socialization. Preppies eschewed micro-suede jackets, instead favoring a classic single or double-breasted blazer in navy blue or midnight blue seasonal weight wool or linen. The truly privileged favored an English bespoke shouldered pattern, double vented. All styles boosted gold-tone or actual gold buttons; ideally, for total snob appeal, the buttons were engraved with the owner’s initials or an alma mater’s insignia. Beneath the blue jacket, Preppies donned a variety of shirts; prized were candy-stripes and solid colors; flashy Hawaiian patterns or designs were to be avoided, at all costs, to protect one’s perceived upper-class status.
* Significantly, then, it can be said that the 1980s men’s fashion scene was transfigured by a social class consciousness, whereto, expressing this tacit and exclusionary “code” for a man’s dress were parameters that determined his social status, as codified aptly in the Lisa Birnbach’s et al., The Official Preppy Handbook. Purportedly, such “in the know” standards came to be indicative of one’s background, education and upper class. Some sociologists would avoid or attempt discounting that pivotal, authoritative and tacit but insidious and fully dichotomous aspect of that American period in men’s fashion, which quickly came to far exceed in importance mere fashion statement.
* However, that all said, in the mid-1980s European and US designers' popularity and re-focus on classical men's styles had captured yet another segment of the men's fashion market, which in a manner of speaking attracted a following from both the preppy and non-preppy haberdashery mindsets.


===Michael Jackson===
====Power Dressing====
[[File:Grey Double-Buttoned Suit Jacket.jpg|thumb|150px|1940s inspired pinstripe suit with large shoulder pads and double breasted fastening. These "[[power suits]]" were fashionable in Britain from the early 1980s until the late 1990s.]]
[[Michael Jackson]] had many iconic looks. The ''Thriller look'' was inspired by Jackson's record breaking album ''[[Thriller (Michael Jackson album)|Thriller]]''. Teenagers would attempt to replicate the look of Jackson, which included matching red/black leather pants and jackets, one glove, sunglasses, and [[jheri curl]]. [[Michael Jackson's Thriller jacket]] and similar clothing seen in films like ''[[The Lost Boys]]'' were often studded and left undone to create a messier look. Oversized, slouch shouldered faded leather jackets with puffy sleeves from Europe caught on. Gloves, sometimes fingerless, would also accompany this jacket. Late in the decade plain brown aviator jackets made a comeback, styled after [[World War II]] fighter pilot jackets. Already popular aviators were joined by other forms of sunglasses. It was not unusual for [[sunglasses]] or ''shades'' as they were known, to be worn at night. Jackson frequently wore a [[fedora]] in during concerts and other public appearances.
* Men's business attire saw a return of pinstripes for the first time since the 1970s. The new pinstripes were much wider than in 1930s and 1940s suits but were similar to the 1970s styles. Three-piece suits gradually went out of fashion in the early 1980s and lapels on suits became very narrow (similar to 1950s styles). While vests in the 1970s had commonly been worn high with six or five buttons, those made in the early 1980s often had only four buttons and were made to be worn low. Neckties also became narrower in the 1980s and skinny versions, some made of leather, briefly were stylish among men interested in New Wave music. Button-down collars made a return, for both business and casual wear.

===Madonna===
[[File:Madonna, Rotterdam, 26-8-1987.jpg|thumb|right|145px|[[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]] was a major fashion influence on young girls and women around the world.]]
{{Original research|section|date=April 2014}}In the 1980s, rising pop star [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]] proved to be very influential to female fashions. She first emerged on the dance music scene with her "street urchin" look consisting of short skirts worn over leggings, necklaces, rubber bracelets, fishnet gloves, hairbows, long layered strings of beads, bleached, untidy hair with dark roots, [[headband]]s, and lace ribbons. In her "[[Like a Virgin]]" phase, millions of young girls around the world emulated her fashion example that included brassieres worn as outerwear, huge crucifix jewelry, lace gloves, tulle skirts, and boytoy belts.

Gloves, sometimes lace or fingerless, were popularized by Madonna, as well as fishnet stockings and layers of beaded necklaces. Short, tight [[Lycra]] or [[leather]] miniskirts and tubular dresses were also worn, as were cropped, [[bolero]]-style jackets. Black was the preferred color. Another club fashion for women was lingerie as outerwear. Prior to the mid-1980s it had been taboo to show a slip or a bra strap in public. A visible undergarment had been a sign of social ineptness. In the new fad's most extreme forms, young women would forgo conventional outer-garments for vintage-style [[bustier]]s with lacy slips and several large crucifixes. This was both an assertion of sexual freedom and a conscious rejection of prevailing androgynous fashions.

==Mid to Late 1980s (1985–1989)==

===Casual wear===
{{Original research|section|date=April 2014}}In the 1980s and continuing through the mid-1990s, casual wear became a fashion trend. [[Leggings]] were a big part of this trend. They were usually worn with oversized sweaters and sweatshirts in the cooler months and with oversized T-shirts in the warmer months. It was also popular to wear [[slouch socks]] and sneakers, especially [[Keds]] with leggings. Plaid skirts with leggings were also worn with sneakers especially Keds and slouch socks or with [[ballet flats]] or boat shoes as part of the preppy look. Also bike shorts were popular under baby doll dresses and short dresses with sneakers and no socks or sneakers with slouch socks. Many girls in every grade, K through 12, for gym class would wear black leggings with white slouch socks, athletic sneakers or sneakers also Keds and oversized tee shirts. Many women also wore this style as exercise wear. Many college girls wore the leggings and slouch socks with sneakers or Keds a lot and the dresses with shorts to classes and around campus. It was also not uncommon to see mothers dressed along with their daughters in the [[slouch socks]] worn over [[leggings]] or sweatpants, an oversized shirt or sweater, and sports shoes with Keds seen often. From the late 1980s to the late 1990s, [[shortalls]], a version of overalls in which the legs of the garment resemble those of shorts, were popular.


Champion [[sweater|sweatshirts]] became popular for guys and girls to wear in the late 1980s through 1997. In colder weather, the sweatshirts were worn over a colourful turtle-neck. [[Leotard]]s, [[bodysuit]]s, and body shirts also became popular in the late 1980s to late 1990s. They were worn as tops with jeans and skirts.
Champion [[sweater|sweatshirts]] became popular for guys and girls to wear in the late 1980s through 1997. In colder weather, the sweatshirts were worn over a colourful turtle-neck. [[Leotard]]s, [[bodysuit]]s, and body shirts also became popular in the late 1980s to late 1990s. They were worn as tops with jeans and skirts.
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Opaque [[tights]] were very popular in the late 1980s to mid-1990s and could be worn as part of casual wear or formal wear. A common outfit was a skirt, baby doll dress, or short dress with black opaque tights, white slouch socks, and white sneakers with Keds being worn often. Others colors of opaque tights, such as all shades of blue from sky blue to navy and purple, were popular with all females from children and teenagers to adults. Opaque were also popular worn under dress shorts.
Opaque [[tights]] were very popular in the late 1980s to mid-1990s and could be worn as part of casual wear or formal wear. A common outfit was a skirt, baby doll dress, or short dress with black opaque tights, white slouch socks, and white sneakers with Keds being worn often. Others colors of opaque tights, such as all shades of blue from sky blue to navy and purple, were popular with all females from children and teenagers to adults. Opaque were also popular worn under dress shorts.


===United Kingdom and Europe===
===Late 1980s (1987-1989)===
[[Image:Italian Fashion 1989 2.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Girl in the late 1980s, in Italy]]
London night clubs started to change their format from Friday and Saturday nights as being the only important music nights. The club 'Gossips' in Soho began to do [[David Bowie]] nights on Tuesdays and then more one-night specials for niche tastes. That set the scene for special one-night club evenings throughout London. Narrow tastes could be catered for. Dresses in slinky satins and foulard silks or polyesters were often batwing or with set-in sleeves. Both styles had shoulder pads and frequently swathes of fabric were gathered and ruched onto hip bands, with falling silk, ''crepe de chine'' or chiffon asymmetric draped swirling skirts. Lace was popular for evening, especially cream lace bound with cream satin collars. Lace collars made an appearance after being worn by [[Diana, Princess of Wales]]. Mohair sweaters were over-sized, but covered with lavish beading and satin appliqué they could be worn for evening too. Highly styled intarsia knit jumpers became fashionable. Glamorous occasion wear was a reaction and an alternative to the dressing down that was emerging from the wearing of sport and fitness wear as casual wear, due to the fitness craze inspired by ''[[Flashdance]]'' and [[Olivia Newton-John]]'s single "Physical".{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}


===Track suits===
====Doc Martens====
In the 1980s, [[tracksuit]]s became popular as leisure clothing and [[Sweatpants|jogpants]] would become a general trend in the decades to come.<ref name="uniexposed">{{cite book |author=Craik, Jennifer |title=Uniforms Exposed (Dress, Body, Culture) |publisher=Berg Publishers |location=Oxford, UK |year=2005 |pages=171 |isbn=1-85973-804-4}}</ref>

Fleece tracksuits were at first mostly worn by athletes, but in the 1980s tracksuits became increasingly fashionable as leisurewear, though jackets and trousers tended to be worn separately rather than as a suit. Nylon shell suits became particularly popular in the [[United Kingdom]] by the early 1990s.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}

The shell suit became a commonly worn item, especially in the United Kingdom. In Britain and Ireland as well as most of Europe, Italy in particular, black was the preferred colour for teenage girls and young women. In Continental Europe, expensive, designer jeans were the preferred choice of casual attire for both boys and girls.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}

===Doc Martens===
[[Image:Dr Martens, black, old.jpg|thumb|left|125px|[[Dr. Martens]] boots]]
[[Image:Dr Martens, black, old.jpg|thumb|left|125px|[[Dr. Martens]] boots]]
[[Doc Marten]]s were dark shoes or boots with air-cushioned soles that were worn by both sexes in the 1980s. They were an essential fashion accessory for the [[skinhead]] and [[punk subculture]]s in the United Kingdom. Sometimes Doc Martens were paired with miniskirts or full, [[Laura Ashley]]- style dresses.<ref name="Fashion-Era.com"/> They were an important feature of the [[post-punk]] 1980s [[Gothic fashion|Gothic]] look which featured long, back-combed hair, pale skin, dark eyeshadow, eyeliner, and lipstick, black nail varnish, spiked bracelets and dog-collars, black clothing, often made of gabardine, leather or velvet trimmed in lace or fishnet material. Corsets were often worn by girls. British bands which inspired the gothic trend include [[The Cure]], [[Siouxsie and the Banshees]], and [[The Cult]]. This trend would resurge in the 1990s and 2000s (decade).{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}
* [[Doc Marten]]s were dark shoes or boots with air-cushioned soles that were worn by both sexes in the 1980s. They were an essential fashion accessory for the [[skinhead]] and [[punk subculture]]s in the United Kingdom. Sometimes Doc Martens were paired with miniskirts or full, [[Laura Ashley]]- style dresses.<ref name="Fashion-Era.com"/> They were an important feature of the [[post-punk]] 1980s [[Gothic fashion|Gothic]] look which featured long, back-combed hair, pale skin, dark eyeshadow, eyeliner, and lipstick, black nail varnish, spiked bracelets and dog-collars, black clothing, often made of gabardine, leather or velvet trimmed in lace or fishnet material. Corsets were often worn by girls. British bands which inspired the gothic trend include [[The Cure]], [[Siouxsie and the Banshees]], and [[The Cult]]. This trend would resurge in the 1990s.


===Jewelry===
====Jewelry====
[[Image:Princess Diana 1985.jpg|thumb|150px|right|[[Diana, Princess of Wales|Princess Diana]], 1985]]
[[Image:Princess Diana 1985.jpg|thumb|150px|right|[[Diana, Princess of Wales|Princess Diana]], 1985]]
[[Earring]]s became a mainstream fashion for male teenagers. Jelly or thin metal bracelets (also known as bangles) were very popular in the 1980s, and would be worn in mass quantities on one's wrist. Designer jewellery, such as [[diamond]]s and [[pearl]]s were popular among many women, not only for beauty, but as symbols of wealth and power.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}
* [[Earring]]s became a mainstream fashion for male teenagers. Jelly or thin metal bracelets (also known as bangles) were very popular in the 1980s, and would be worn in mass quantities on one's wrist. Designer jewellery, such as [[diamond]]s and [[pearl]]s were popular among many women, not only for beauty, but as symbols of wealth and power.


===Watches===
====Watches====
At the beginning of the decade, digital watches with metal bands were the dominant fashion. They remained popular but lost some of their status in later years. Newer digital watches with built-in calculators and primitive data organizers were strictly for gadget geeks. Adult professionals returned to dial watches by mid-decade. Leather straps returned as an option. By late in the decade some watch faces had returned to Roman numerals. In contrast, one ultramodern status symbol was the [[Movado]] museum watch. It featured a sleek design with a single large dot at twelve o'clock. The Tank watch by [[Cartier SA|Cartier]] was a fashion icon that was revived and frequently seen on Cartier advertisements in print. [[Rolex watches]] were prominently seen on the television show ''[[Miami Vice]]''. Teen culture preferred vibrant plastic [[Swatch]] watches. These first appeared in Europe and reached North America by the middle of the decade. Young people would often wear two or three of these watches on the same arm.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}
* At the beginning of the decade, digital watches with metal bands were the dominant fashion. They remained popular but lost some of their status in later years. Newer digital watches with built-in calculators and primitive data organizers were strictly for gadget geeks. Adult professionals returned to dial watches by mid-decade. Leather straps returned as an option. By late in the decade some watch faces had returned to Roman numerals. In contrast, one ultramodern status symbol was the [[Movado]] museum watch. It featured a sleek design with a single large dot at twelve o'clock. The Tank watch by [[Cartier SA|Cartier]] was a fashion icon that was revived and frequently seen on Cartier advertisements in print. [[Rolex watches]] were prominently seen on the television show ''[[Miami Vice]]''. Teen culture preferred vibrant plastic [[Swatch]] watches. These first appeared in Europe and reached North America by the middle of the decade. Young people would often wear two or three of these watches on the same arm.


===Eyewear===
====Eyewear====
[[Image:Sylvester Stallone (1983).jpg|thumb|150px|[[Sylvester Stallone]] in 1983]]
[[Image:Sylvester Stallone (1983).jpg|thumb|150px|[[Sylvester Stallone]] in 1983]]
In the early to mid-1980s, [[glasses]] with large, plastic [[Glasses|frames]] were in fashion for both men and women. Small metal framed eyeglasses made a return to fashion in 1984 and 1985, and in the late 1980s, glasses with tortoise-shell coloring became popular. These were smaller and rounder than the type that was popular earlier in the decade. Throughout the 1980s, [[Ray-Ban Wayfarer]] were extremely popular, as worn by [[Tom Cruise]] in the 1983 movie ''[[Risky Business]]''. Sales of [[Ray-Ban Aviator]] sunglasses jumped 40%, following the release of the 1986 film ''[[Top Gun]]'',{{Citation needed|date=June 2007}} in which they were worn prominently by Maverick and Iceman, played by Cruise and [[Val Kilmer]], respectively.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}
* In the first half 1980s, [[glasses]] with large, plastic [[Glasses|frames]] were in fashion for both men and women. Small metal framed eyeglasses made a return to fashion in 1984 and 1985, and in the late 1980s, glasses with tortoise-shell coloring became popular. These were smaller and rounder than the type that was popular earlier in the decade. Throughout the 1980s, [[Ray-Ban Wayfarer]] were extremely popular, as worn by [[Tom Cruise]] in the 1983 movie ''[[Risky Business]]''.


''[[Miami Vice]]'', in particular Sonny Crockett played by [[Don Johnson]], boosted [[Ray-Ban]]'s popularity by wearing a pair of Ray-Ban Wayfarer (Model L2052, Mock Tortoise),<ref name=rays>{{cite news |url=http://www.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2006-07-24-miami-vice-south_x.htm |title=South Beach and 'Miami Vice,' past and present |publisher=www.usatoday.com |date=2006-09-29 |accessdate=2007-11-25 |work=USA Today}}</ref> which increased sales of Ray Bans to 720,000 units in 1984.<ref name=wayfarer>{{cite news |url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1987/09/28/69577/index.htm |title=A Tale of Mice and Lens |last=Leinster |first=Colin |date=1987-09-28 |accessdate=2007-11-25 |publisher=money.cnn.com |work=Fortune Magazine| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20071031054656/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1987/09/28/69577/index.htm| archivedate= 31 October 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>
* ''[[Miami Vice]]'', in particular Sonny Crockett played by [[Don Johnson]], boosted [[Ray-Ban]]'s popularity by wearing a pair of Ray-Ban Wayfarer (Model L2052, Mock Tortoise),<ref name=rays>{{cite news |url=http://www.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2006-07-24-miami-vice-south_x.htm |title=South Beach and 'Miami Vice,' past and present |publisher=www.usatoday.com |date=2006-09-29 |accessdate=2007-11-25 |work=USA Today}}</ref> which increased sales of Ray Bans to 720,000 units in 1984.<ref name=wayfarer>{{cite news |url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1987/09/28/69577/index.htm |title=A Tale of Mice and Lens |last=Leinster |first=Colin |date=1987-09-28 |accessdate=2007-11-25 |publisher=money.cnn.com |work=Fortune Magazine| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20071031054656/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1987/09/28/69577/index.htm| archivedate= 31 October 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>

===Designer underwear===
Underwear became a more important fashion accessory for both men and women. Women's looks tended to be in a wide array of pastel colors, with lacy trimmings. Camisoles with built in bras became popular for women, especially visible in the neckline of jackets worn for work. Men became more fashion conscious as well. Underwear was also colorful for men, and boxer shorts were "tapered", or styled after the side-vent running shorts, with a trimmer cut. Despite the high-waisted pant styles, low-rise underwear was very popular with both genders, much due to their sex appeal, among other factors.

Both sexes were wearing stylish underwear such as those modeled by celebrities and ones displayed in television, magazines, and movies. Women began to favor polyester satin fabrics for lingerie, and the Jocks company, long known for its men's line, began manufacturing lace-trimmed, French-cut styles of g-bangers aimed at more conservative men. The teddy, or all-in-one camisole and tap pants, was often worn on television, by stars such as [[Cybill Shepherd]] in ''[[Moonlighting (TV series)|Moonlighting]]'', and was very popular as a more modest garment that nearly eliminated the need for a slip. Bright jewel tones to match the silk charmeuse and satin blouses shown on ''[[Dallas (1978 TV series)|Dallas]]'' and ''[[Dynasty (TV series)|Dynasty]]'' were the rage. With baseball star [[Jim Palmer]] the new Jockey pitchman, focus on skimpy bikinis and bold prints worn by the athlete in print ads became popular. Fashion underwear was influenced by [[Michael J. Fox]]'s lilac [[Calvin Klein]] briefs in ''[[Back to the Future]]'', and [[Oakland Raiders]] star [[Howie Long]] in colorful Hanes bikini and colored brief ads. Colored, patterned, and figured men's bikinis were available and widely popular with men of all ages.

===Pants===

====Happy pants====
Happy pants were worn mostly by teenagers, especially teenage girls, in the 1980s. Fun kids fabrics were used to make the happy pants. This meant those who wore them had their own unique pair of happy pants. In Australia, happy pants were a basic, elasticized pair of shorts, made from children's range of bright and bold designs in cotton fabric. The shorts were not too tight, not too baggy, and finished in length just above the knee. In 1986, ''Dolly Magazine'' released a 1980s happy pants pattern for the basic elastic shorts. As most teenage girls had done Home Economics, they made their own shorts for happy pants.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}
{{Clear}}


====Parachute pants====
====Parachute pants====
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===Heavy Metal style===
===Heavy Metal style===
{{Main|Heavy Metal fashion}}
{{Main|Heavy Metal fashion}}
In the first half of the 1980s, long hair, leather rocker jackets (biker jackets) or cut-off denim jackets, tight worn-out jeans, and white, high trainers (sneakers) and badges with logos of favourite metal bands were popular among metalheads, and musicians of heavy metal and speed metal bands. In the second half of the 1980s, this clothing style was popular among musicians and fans of more extreme and niche (often underground) metal bands - thrash metal, crossover thrash, early black metal, and early death metal bands. It was popular particularly in European nations, but it was also popular in the USA, Canada, and Brazil.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}
* In the first half of the 1980s, long hair, leather rocker jackets (biker jackets) or cut-off denim jackets, tight worn-out jeans, and white, high trainers (sneakers) and badges with logos of favourite metal bands were popular among metalheads, and musicians of heavy metal and speed metal bands. In the second half of the 1980s, this clothing style was popular among musicians and fans of more extreme and niche (often underground) metal bands - thrash metal, crossover thrash, early black metal, and early death metal bands. It was popular particularly in European nations, but it was also popular in the USA, Canada, and Brazil.
* By the late 1980s, acid-washed [[jeans]] and denim jackets had become popular with both sexes. Acid washing is the process of chemically bleaching the denim, breaking down the fiber of material and forcing the dye to fade, thus leaving undertones of the original dye evidenced by pale white streaks or spots on the material. This became associated with the [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]] trend (called "[[glam metal|hair metal]]" in later decades for the large frizzy coiffures worn by both male and female enthusiasts).

* Severely bleached and ripped jeans, either manufactured purposely or done by hand, become a popular fashion trend, being a main component of [[glam metal]] music acts such as [[Poison (American band)|Poison]].
By the late 1980s, acid-washed [[jeans]] and denim jackets had become popular with both sexes. Acid washing is the process of chemically bleaching the denim, breaking down the fiber of material and forcing the dye to fade, thus leaving undertones of the original dye evidenced by pale white streaks or spots on the material. This became associated with the [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]] trend (called "[[glam metal|hair metal]]" in later decades for the large frizzy coiffures worn by both male and female enthusiasts).{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}

Severely bleached and ripped jeans, either manufactured purposely or done by hand, become a popular fashion trend, being a main component of [[glam metal]] music acts such as [[Poison (American band)|Poison]].


===Punk style===
===Punk style===
[[File:Wendy Wu.jpg|thumb|right|Wendy Wu, lead singer of the British new-wave band, [[The Photos]] in 1980 wearing black Spandex trousers. Throughout the decade, straight-legged trousers and jeans would be worn by both sexes]]
[[File:Wendy Wu.jpg|thumb|right|Wendy Wu, lead singer of the British new-wave band, [[The Photos]] in 1980.]]
{{Main|Punk fashion}}
{{Main|Punk fashion}}
Throughout the 1980s, although especially apparent in the first half, the punk style was popular. Characterized by multi-colored mohawks, ripped skinny jeans, worn band tee-shirts, and jean or leather jackets, it was practiced by people who listened to punk music such as [[The Sex Pistols]] and later, (despite the band's self-pro-claimed rock'n'roll image) [[Guns N' Roses]]. Usually the jean jackets (which became an identity of the group) were adorned by safety pins, buttons, patches, and several other pieces of music or cultural memorabilia. Often people of the punk style would take random bits of fabric and attach them with safety pins. This soon became a popular way of attaching clothing, and now in young women it is known as "pin shirts". The shirts are essentially rectangular pieces of fabric that are pinned on one side with safety pins. In the 1980s, a dressed down look (e.g. Buzzed hair, T-shirts, Jeans and button up shirts) was also very popular with people involved in Punk Rock. More specifically the Hardcore Punk scene. Circle Jerk's frontman Keith Morris describes it as "Some of those punk rock kids they interviewed were a little over the top, but the thing historically is - the L.A./Hollywood punk scene was basically based on English fashion. But we had nothing to do with that. Black flag and the Circle Jerks were so far from that. We looked like the kid who worked at the gas station or submarine shop." <ref>{{cite web|last=Prindle|first=Mark|title=Keith Morris - 2003|url=http://www.markprindle.com/morris-i.htm|work=Interview|publisher=Mark Prindle|accessdate=2013-10-20}}</ref> Punk dress was not simply a fashion statement. It epitomized a way of thinking and seeing oneself as an individual cultural producer and consumer. In this way, punk style led many people to ask further questions about their culture and their politics.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mattson|first=Kevin|title=Did Punk Matter? ; Analyzing the Practices of a Youth Subculture During the 1980s|journal=American Studies|date=Spring 2001|volume=42|series=1|page=77|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40643156|accessdate=23 February 2014}}</ref>
* Throughout the 1980s, the punk style was popular among people aged 18-22. Characterized by multi-colored mohawks, ripped skinny jeans, worn band tee-shirts, and jean or leather jackets, it was practiced by people who listened to punk music such as [[The Sex Pistols]] and later, (despite the band's self-pro-claimed rock'n'roll image) [[Guns N' Roses]]. Usually the jean jackets (which became an identity of the group) were adorned by safety pins, buttons, patches, and several other pieces of music or cultural memorabilia. Often people of the punk style would take random bits of fabric and attach them with safety pins. This soon became a popular way of attaching clothing, and now in young women it is known as "pin shirts". The shirts are essentially rectangular pieces of fabric that are pinned on one side with safety pins. In the 1980s, a dressed down look (e.g. Buzzed hair, T-shirts, Jeans and button up shirts) was also very popular with people involved in Punk Rock. More specifically the Hardcore Punk scene. Circle Jerk's frontman Keith Morris describes it as "Some of those punk rock kids they interviewed were a little over the top, but the thing historically is - the L.A./Hollywood punk scene was basically based on English fashion. But we had nothing to do with that. Black flag and the Circle Jerks were so far from that. We looked like the kid who worked at the gas station or submarine shop." <ref>{{cite web|last=Prindle|first=Mark|title=Keith Morris - 2003|url=http://www.markprindle.com/morris-i.htm|work=Interview|publisher=Mark Prindle|accessdate=2013-10-20}}</ref> Punk dress was not simply a fashion statement. It epitomized a way of thinking and seeing oneself as an individual cultural producer and consumer. In this way, punk style led many people to ask further questions about their culture and their politics.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mattson|first=Kevin|title=Did Punk Matter? ; Analyzing the Practices of a Youth Subculture During the 1980s|journal=American Studies|date=Spring 2001|volume=42|series=1|page=77|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40643156|accessdate=23 February 2014}}</ref>


===Rockabilly===
===Rockabilly===
{{Main|Neo-Rockabilly}}
{{Main|Neo-Rockabilly}}
In the early 1980s, the [[Teddy Boy]] look was popular in the UK among fans of groups like the [[Stray Cats]], [[Crazy Cavan]], [[Levi and the Rockats]], or [[Shakin Stevens]]. Common items of clothing included [[drape jacket]]s (generally in darker shades than those of the 1970s), [[drainpipe trousers]], [[brothel creeper]]s, [[bolo tie]]s, white T-shirts, [[baseball jacket]]s, [[hawaiian shirt]]s, and black [[leather jacket]]s like the [[Schott Perfecto]]. Common hairstyles included the [[quiff]], [[pompadour (hairstyle)|pompadour]], [[flattop|flat top]], and [[ducktail]].{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}
* In the early 1980s, the [[Teddy Boy]] look was popular in the UK among fans of groups like the [[Stray Cats]], [[Crazy Cavan]], [[Levi and the Rockats]], or [[Shakin Stevens]]. Common items of clothing included [[drape jacket]]s (generally in darker shades than those of the 1970s), [[drainpipe trousers]], [[brothel creeper]]s, [[bolo tie]]s, white T-shirts, [[baseball jacket]]s, [[hawaiian shirt]]s, and black [[leather jacket]]s like the [[Schott Perfecto]]. Common hairstyles included the [[quiff]], [[pompadour (hairstyle)|pompadour]], [[flattop|flat top]], and [[ducktail]].


===Rap and hip-hop===
===Rap and hip-hop===
{{Main|Hip-hop fashion}}
{{Main|Hip-hop fashion}}
Athletic shoes had been worn as [[casual]] wear before, but for the first time they became a high-priced fashion item. [[Converse (shoe company)|Converse]] shoes were popular in the first half of the 1980s. [[Air Jordan]] [[basketball]] [[shoe]]s (named for basketball player [[Michael Jordan]]) made their debut in 1984. The [[NBA]] banned these shoes from games when they debuted, which increased their cachet. Soon other manufacturers introduced premium athletic shoes. [[Adidas]] sneakers took the decade by storm, popular amongst teenagers and young men; the Adidas sneaker was popularized by the [[Run-D.M.C.]] song ''My Adidas''. Nike had a similar share of the market with Air Max and similar shoes. [[High-tops]], especially of white or black leather, became popular. In the early 1980s, long white athletic socks, often calf-high or knee-high, were worn with sneakers. As the decade progressed, socks trended shorter, eventually topping out just above the height of the shoe.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}
* Athletic shoes had been worn as [[casual]] wear before, but for the first time they became a high-priced fashion item. [[Converse (shoe company)|Converse]] shoes were popular in the first half of the 1980s. [[Air Jordan]] [[basketball]] [[shoe]]s (named for basketball player [[Michael Jordan]]) made their debut in 1984. The [[NBA]] banned these shoes from games when they debuted, which increased their cachet. Soon other manufacturers introduced premium athletic shoes. [[Adidas]] sneakers took the decade by storm, popular amongst teenagers and young men; the Adidas sneaker was popularized by the [[Run-D.M.C.]] song ''My Adidas''. Nike had a similar share of the market with Air Max and similar shoes. [[High-tops]], especially of white or black leather, became popular. In the early 1980s, long white athletic socks, often calf-high or knee-high, were worn with sneakers. As the decade progressed, socks trended shorter, eventually topping out just above the height of the shoe.
* Ensembles featuring the colors of Africa (green, yellow and red) became wildly popular among [[African American]]s, as did [[kente cloth]]. In the urban hip-hop communities, sneakers were usually worn unlaced and with a large amount of gold [[jewelry]] as well as headwraps.

Ensembles featuring the colors of Africa (green, yellow and red) became wildly popular among [[African American]]s, as did [[kente cloth]]. In the urban hip-hop communities, sneakers were usually worn unlaced and with a large amount of gold [[jewelry]] as well as headwraps.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}


===Preppy===
===Preppy===
Conservative teenagers, especially in the United States wore a style that came to be known as "[[preppy]]." Preppy fashions are associated with classic and conservative style of dressing and clothing brands such as [[Izod Lacoste]], [[Brooks Brothers]], and [[Polo Ralph Lauren]] . An example of preppy attire would be a button-down Oxford cloth shirt, cuffed khakis, and loafers or [[Boat shoes]]. Also popular were argyle sweaters and vests. It was also considered "preppy" to wear a sweater tied loosely around the shoulders.In the 1980s, preppy fashions featured a lot of pastels and polo shirts with designer logos.The trend continues till this day. But with a more exclusive crowd, also a new brands have been added called [[J.Crew]], [[Vineyard Vines]] and [[Keds]] were also worn by the preppy group.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}
* Conservative teenagers, especially in the United States wore a style that came to be known as "[[preppy]]." Preppy fashions are associated with classic and conservative style of dressing and clothing brands such as [[Izod Lacoste]], [[Brooks Brothers]], and [[Polo Ralph Lauren]] . An example of preppy attire would be a button-down Oxford cloth shirt, cuffed khakis, and loafers or [[Boat shoes]]. Also popular were argyle sweaters and vests. It was also considered "preppy" to wear a sweater tied loosely around the shoulders.In the 1980s, preppy fashions featured a lot of pastels and polo shirts with designer logos.The trend continues till this day. But with a more exclusive crowd, also a new brands have been added called [[J.Crew]], [[Vineyard Vines]] and [[Keds]] were also worn by the preppy group.}


==Hairstyles==
==Hairstyles==
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Image:Sandro Pertini con i Principi di Galles.jpg|[[Diana, Princess of Wales|Lady Diana]] in 1985 wearing a dress with shoulder pads.
Image:Sandro Pertini con i Principi di Galles.jpg|[[Diana, Princess of Wales|Lady Diana]] in 1985 wearing a dress with shoulder pads.
Image:1985 fashion.jpg|Young woman in Europe wearing a jacket with [[Shoulder pads (fashion)|shoulder pads]], 1985.
Image:1985 fashion.jpg|Young woman in Europe wearing a jacket with [[Shoulder pads (fashion)|shoulder pads]], 1985.
[[File:Poetblouse.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Young Englishman wearing a [[poet shirt|pirate shirt]]]]
Image:Eurythmics 06101986 02 270.jpg|Scottish singer [[Annie Lennox]] of the Eurythmics in 1986.
Image:Eurythmics 06101986 02 270.jpg|Scottish singer [[Annie Lennox]] of the Eurythmics in 1986.
Image:Irish girls 1986.jpg|[[Irish people|Irish]] girls in 1986.
Image:Irish girls 1986.jpg|[[Irish people|Irish]] girls in 1986.

Revision as of 22:16, 24 April 2014

Amongst women large hair-dos and puffed-up styles typified the decade.[1] (Justine Bateman, 1987).
File:VPL Visible Panty Line 3.jpg
The short, tight spandex mini skirts were a popular fashion item for young women in the second half of the 1980s

The 1980s fashion had heavy emphasis on expensive dressing and fashion accessories. Apparels tend to be overly bright and vivid in appearance. Women expressed an image of wealth and success through shiny costume jewelry like large faux-gold earrings, pearl necklaces and clothing covered with sequins and diamante. Punk fashion began as a reaction against both the hippie movement of the past decades and the materialist values of the current decade.[2]

Hair in the 1980s was generally big, curly, bouffant and heavily styled.[3] This was in contrast to the long and straight style worn in the 1970s. Television shows such as Dynasty helped popularize the high volume bouffant and glamorous image associated with it.[4][5] Women from the 1980s wore a heavy and bright makeup. Everyday fashion makeup in the 80s comprised having light-colored lips, dark and thick eyelashes, pink and light blue blusher.[6][7]

Women's Fashion

Early 1980s

Minimalism

  • The early 1980s were very different from the rest of the 1980s, with the fashion being practically identical to late 1970s. The early 1980s saw a minimalist approach to fashion, with accessories less of an importance, and practicality was considered just as much as aesthetics. Women's fashions were not very feminine around this time, though skirts were popular.
  • Most of the clothing fashionable in the early 80s was unisex, much like that of the late 1970s. Popular unisex fashions during this time include sweaters, loose pants, and tracksuits (especially ones made in velour).[8]
  • Women favored clothing such as knee-length skirts, high-waisted loose pants worn with thin belts, embroidered jeans, leather pants, faux-fur coats, knee-high boots with thick kitten heels, and fur-lined quilted jackets.[9]

Professional Fashion

  • In the 1970s, more women were joining the work force, and by the early 80s women were no longer considered unusual. As a way to proclaim themselves as equals in the job market, women started to dress more seriously at work. Popular clothes for women in the job market include knee-length skirts, wide-legged slacks, a matching blazer, and a blouse of a different color. Kitten-heeled shoes were often worn.[9]

Mid 1980s (1984-1986)

Aerobics Craze

  • The 1983 movie Flashdance made ripped sweatshirts that exposed one bare shoulder popular, which caught on with the mainstream in 1984.
  • With the arrival of the aerobics craze of the mid 1980s the classic leotard moved from the dance floor to the gym, accompanied by matching tights, legwarmers, and elastic headbands. Leotards of the mid 1980s boasted bright stripes, polka dots, and even elastic belts. The popularity of aerobics and of dance-themed television shows and movies created a dancewear fashion craze, inspirations include Fame, Staying Alive, Olivia Newton-John's "Physical" video, and Jane Fonda's line of aerobic videos.
  • Leggings were a big part of this trend. They were usually worn with oversized sweaters and sweatshirts in the cooler months and with oversized T-shirts in the warmer months. It was also popular to wear slouch socks and sneakers, especially Keds with leggings. Plaid skirts with leggings were also worn with sneakers especially Keds and slouch socks or with ballet flats or boat shoes as part of the preppy look. Also bike shorts were popular under baby doll dresses and short dresses with sneakers and no socks or sneakers with slouch socks. Many girls in every grade, K through 12, for gym class would wear black leggings with white slouch socks, athletic sneakers or sneakers also Keds and oversized tee shirts. Many women also wore this style as exercise wear. Many college girls wore the leggings and slouch socks with sneakers or Keds a lot and the dresses with shorts to classes and around campus. It was also not uncommon to see mothers dressed along with their daughters in the slouch socks worn over leggings or sweatpants, an oversized shirt or sweater, and sports shoes with Keds seen often. From the late 1980s to the late 1990s, shortalls, a version of overalls in which the legs of the garment resemble those of shorts, were popular.

Madonna's Influence on Women's Fashion

File:Madonna, Rotterdam, 26-8-1987.jpg
Madonna was a major fashion influence on young girls and women around the world.
  • In the 1980s, rising pop star Madonna proved to be very influential to female fashions. She first emerged on the dance music scene with her "street urchin" look consisting of short skirts worn over leggings, necklaces, rubber bracelets, fishnet gloves, hairbows, long layered strings of beads, bleached, untidy hair with dark roots, headbands, and lace ribbons. In her "Like a Virgin" phase, millions of young girls around the world emulated her fashion example that included brassieres worn as outerwear, huge crucifix jewelry, lace gloves, tulle skirts, and boytoy belts.
  • Gloves, sometimes lace or fingerless, were popularized by Madonna, as well as fishnet stockings and layers of beaded necklaces. Short, tight Lycra or leather miniskirts and tubular dresses were also worn, as were cropped, bolero-style jackets. Black was the preferred color. Another club fashion for women was lingerie as outerwear. Prior to the mid-1980s it had been taboo to show a slip or a bra strap in public. A visible undergarment had been a sign of social ineptness. In the new fad's most extreme forms, young women would forgo conventional outer-garments for vintage-style bustiers with lacy slips and several large crucifixes. This was both an assertion of sexual freedom and a conscious rejection of prevailing androgynous fashions.

Power Dressing

President Ronald Reagan and his wife, Nancy, are seen with Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis.
  • The television shows Dallas and, in particular, Dynasty had an impact in the area of the increasingly oversized shoulder pads. Dallas, however, promoted displays of wealth involving glitzy jewelry and sparkling clothing.[10]
  • Shoulder pads, popularized by Joan Collins and Linda Evans from the soap opera Dynasty were popular from the mid 1980s to the early 1990s. The reason behind the sudden popularity of shoulder pads for women in the 1980s may be that women in the workplace were no longer unusual, and wanted to "power dress" to show that they were the equals of men at the office. Many women's outfits had Velcro on the inside of the shoulder where various sized shoulder pads could be attached.[citation needed] While the padded shoulders emphasized confidence and drive of the business women, a nipped-in waist and a short skirt emphasized a good figure. This power look was often finished off with shades and a neat, bobbed hairstyle.[11] Calvin Klein noted in W that a 'career chic' wardrobe should consist of three jackets, three sweaters, two skirts, and one dress. The materials of these pieces had to be made of expensive cashmere, silk, and leather, in order to give off authority and power while still including style and quality.[12]
A jelly shoe.

Late 1980s (1987-1989)

Happy pants

Happy pants were worn mostly by teenagers, especially teenage girls, in the 1980s. Fun kids fabrics were used to make the happy pants. This meant those who wore them had their own unique pair of happy pants. In Australia, happy pants were a basic, elasticized pair of shorts, made from children's range of bright and bold designs in cotton fabric. The shorts were not too tight, not too baggy, and finished in length just above the knee. In 1986, Dolly Magazine released a 1980s happy pants pattern for the basic elastic shorts. As most teenage girls had done Home Economics, they made their own shorts for happy pants.

Designer underwear

Underwear became a more important fashion accessory for both men and women. Women's looks tended to be in a wide array of pastel colors, with lacy trimmings. Camisoles with built in bras became popular for women, especially visible in the neckline of jackets worn for work. Men became more fashion conscious as well. Underwear was also colorful for men, and boxer shorts were "tapered", or styled after the side-vent running shorts, with a trimmer cut. Despite the high-waisted pant styles, low-rise underwear was very popular with both genders, much due to their sex appeal, among other factors.

Both sexes were wearing stylish underwear such as those modeled by celebrities and ones displayed in television, magazines, and movies. Women began to favor polyester satin fabrics for lingerie, and the Jocks company, long known for its men's line, began manufacturing lace-trimmed, French-cut styles of g-bangers aimed at more conservative men. The teddy, or all-in-one camisole and tap pants, was often worn on television, by stars such as Cybill Shepherd in Moonlighting, and was very popular as a more modest garment that nearly eliminated the need for a slip. Bright jewel tones to match the silk charmeuse and satin blouses shown on Dallas and Dynasty were the rage. With baseball star Jim Palmer the new Jockey pitchman, focus on skimpy bikinis and bold prints worn by the athlete in print ads became popular. Fashion underwear was influenced by Michael J. Fox's lilac Calvin Klein briefs in Back to the Future, and Oakland Raiders star Howie Long in colorful Hanes bikini and colored brief ads. Colored, patterned, and figured men's bikinis were available and widely popular with men of all ages.


Men's Fashion

Early 1980s (1980-1983)

Athletic Clothing

  • In the early 1980s, fashion had carried onward from the late 70s. Athletic clothes were more popular than jeans during this period and was more subdued in color. Popular colors were black, white, indigo, forest green, burgundy, and different shades of browns, tans, and oranges. Velour, velvet, and polyester were popular fabrics used on clothes, especially tops, such as button-ups and v-neck shirts. Looser pants remained popular during this time, being fairly wide but straight, and tighter shirts were especially favored. The general public at this time had desired to wear low maintenance clothing with more basic colors, as the global recession going on at the time had kept extravagant clothes out of reach.[9]
  • Popular clothing in the early 80s worn by men include tracksuits,[13] v-neck sweaters, polyester and velour polo-neck shirts, sports jerseys, jeans, polyester button-ups, beanies, and hoodies. Around this time it became acceptable for men to wear sports coats and slacks to places that previously required a suit.[9] In the UK, children's pants remained flared, but only slightly.[8]

Mid 1980s (1984-1986)

Miami Vice Look

  • The mid 1980s brought an explosion of colorful styles in men's clothing. The look of several popular TV stars helped to set fashion trends among young and middle-aged men. Miami Vice was one such series, whose leading men donned casual t-shirts underneath expensive suit jackets—often in bright or pastel colors. The t-shirt-with-designer-jacket look was often accompanied by jackets with broad, padded shoulders, and a few days' growth of facial hair, dubbed "designer stubble", a look popularized by the series' leading man Don Johnson. Similarly, another popular look for men in the 1980s was the Hawaiian shirt, as worn by Tom Selleck, star of television's enormously popular detective series Magnum, P.I.
  • Thanks to Magnum, P.I., Hawaiian shirts sales soared (as did the numbers of men, of all walks of life, sporting mustaches), complemented with sport coats, often with top-stitched lapels for a "custom-tailored" look). In counterpoint to the bright shirt, jackets were often gray, tan, rust or white, donned casually and in sunny locales doubled even as business attire, in which case they could be seen worn with a tie. Easy-care micro-suede and corduroy jackets became popular choices, especially those with a Western style. Cowboy boots, in the early 1980s, became popular even among non-cowboys. Some boots were remarkably expensive, such as those made by Lucchese, which could cost $500 a pair. Also in vogue—and also expensive—were Gucci loafers, as worn by Tom Selleck in a famous cologne advertisement.

Michael Jackson's Influence on Men's Fashion

  • Michael Jackson had many iconic looks. The Thriller look was inspired by Jackson's record breaking album Thriller. Teenagers would attempt to replicate the look of Jackson, which included matching red/black leather pants and jackets, one glove, sunglasses, and jheri curl. Michael Jackson's Thriller jacket and similar clothing seen in films like The Lost Boys were often studded and left undone to create a messier look. Oversized, slouch shouldered faded leather jackets with puffy sleeves from Europe caught on. Gloves, sometimes fingerless, would also accompany this jacket. Late in the decade plain brown aviator jackets made a comeback, styled after World War II fighter pilot jackets. Already popular aviators were joined by other forms of sunglasses. It was not unusual for sunglasses or shades as they were known, to be worn at night. Jackson frequently wore a fedora in during concerts and other public appearances.

Preppy Look

  • Contemporaneously, there was a resurgence of another look, a throwback to the earlier 1950s collegiate look or Ivy League look. Its wearers and advocates rallied against the more trendy styles cited above. This revival style held great snob appeal, and came to be definitively summarized in an enormously popular paperback: The Official Preppy Handbook. This "preppy" cultural backlash spread like wildfire, inspiring a deep-seated social sensibility that extended to and included all manner of consumables and socialization. Preppies eschewed micro-suede jackets, instead favoring a classic single or double-breasted blazer in navy blue or midnight blue seasonal weight wool or linen. The truly privileged favored an English bespoke shouldered pattern, double vented. All styles boosted gold-tone or actual gold buttons; ideally, for total snob appeal, the buttons were engraved with the owner’s initials or an alma mater’s insignia. Beneath the blue jacket, Preppies donned a variety of shirts; prized were candy-stripes and solid colors; flashy Hawaiian patterns or designs were to be avoided, at all costs, to protect one’s perceived upper-class status.
  • Significantly, then, it can be said that the 1980s men’s fashion scene was transfigured by a social class consciousness, whereto, expressing this tacit and exclusionary “code” for a man’s dress were parameters that determined his social status, as codified aptly in the Lisa Birnbach’s et al., The Official Preppy Handbook. Purportedly, such “in the know” standards came to be indicative of one’s background, education and upper class. Some sociologists would avoid or attempt discounting that pivotal, authoritative and tacit but insidious and fully dichotomous aspect of that American period in men’s fashion, which quickly came to far exceed in importance mere fashion statement.
  • However, that all said, in the mid-1980s European and US designers' popularity and re-focus on classical men's styles had captured yet another segment of the men's fashion market, which in a manner of speaking attracted a following from both the preppy and non-preppy haberdashery mindsets.

Power Dressing

1940s inspired pinstripe suit with large shoulder pads and double breasted fastening. These "power suits" were fashionable in Britain from the early 1980s until the late 1990s.
  • Men's business attire saw a return of pinstripes for the first time since the 1970s. The new pinstripes were much wider than in 1930s and 1940s suits but were similar to the 1970s styles. Three-piece suits gradually went out of fashion in the early 1980s and lapels on suits became very narrow (similar to 1950s styles). While vests in the 1970s had commonly been worn high with six or five buttons, those made in the early 1980s often had only four buttons and were made to be worn low. Neckties also became narrower in the 1980s and skinny versions, some made of leather, briefly were stylish among men interested in New Wave music. Button-down collars made a return, for both business and casual wear.

Champion sweatshirts became popular for guys and girls to wear in the late 1980s through 1997. In colder weather, the sweatshirts were worn over a colourful turtle-neck. Leotards, bodysuits, and body shirts also became popular in the late 1980s to late 1990s. They were worn as tops with jeans and skirts.

Opaque tights were very popular in the late 1980s to mid-1990s and could be worn as part of casual wear or formal wear. A common outfit was a skirt, baby doll dress, or short dress with black opaque tights, white slouch socks, and white sneakers with Keds being worn often. Others colors of opaque tights, such as all shades of blue from sky blue to navy and purple, were popular with all females from children and teenagers to adults. Opaque were also popular worn under dress shorts.

Late 1980s (1987-1989)

Doc Martens

Dr. Martens boots
  • Doc Martens were dark shoes or boots with air-cushioned soles that were worn by both sexes in the 1980s. They were an essential fashion accessory for the skinhead and punk subcultures in the United Kingdom. Sometimes Doc Martens were paired with miniskirts or full, Laura Ashley- style dresses.[14] They were an important feature of the post-punk 1980s Gothic look which featured long, back-combed hair, pale skin, dark eyeshadow, eyeliner, and lipstick, black nail varnish, spiked bracelets and dog-collars, black clothing, often made of gabardine, leather or velvet trimmed in lace or fishnet material. Corsets were often worn by girls. British bands which inspired the gothic trend include The Cure, Siouxsie and the Banshees, and The Cult. This trend would resurge in the 1990s.

Jewelry

Princess Diana, 1985
  • Earrings became a mainstream fashion for male teenagers. Jelly or thin metal bracelets (also known as bangles) were very popular in the 1980s, and would be worn in mass quantities on one's wrist. Designer jewellery, such as diamonds and pearls were popular among many women, not only for beauty, but as symbols of wealth and power.

Watches

  • At the beginning of the decade, digital watches with metal bands were the dominant fashion. They remained popular but lost some of their status in later years. Newer digital watches with built-in calculators and primitive data organizers were strictly for gadget geeks. Adult professionals returned to dial watches by mid-decade. Leather straps returned as an option. By late in the decade some watch faces had returned to Roman numerals. In contrast, one ultramodern status symbol was the Movado museum watch. It featured a sleek design with a single large dot at twelve o'clock. The Tank watch by Cartier was a fashion icon that was revived and frequently seen on Cartier advertisements in print. Rolex watches were prominently seen on the television show Miami Vice. Teen culture preferred vibrant plastic Swatch watches. These first appeared in Europe and reached North America by the middle of the decade. Young people would often wear two or three of these watches on the same arm.

Eyewear

Sylvester Stallone in 1983
  • In the first half 1980s, glasses with large, plastic frames were in fashion for both men and women. Small metal framed eyeglasses made a return to fashion in 1984 and 1985, and in the late 1980s, glasses with tortoise-shell coloring became popular. These were smaller and rounder than the type that was popular earlier in the decade. Throughout the 1980s, Ray-Ban Wayfarer were extremely popular, as worn by Tom Cruise in the 1983 movie Risky Business.
  • Miami Vice, in particular Sonny Crockett played by Don Johnson, boosted Ray-Ban's popularity by wearing a pair of Ray-Ban Wayfarer (Model L2052, Mock Tortoise),[15] which increased sales of Ray Bans to 720,000 units in 1984.[16]

Parachute pants

Parachute pants are a style of trousers characterised by the use of ripstop nylon or extremely baggy cuts. In the original tight-fitting, extraneously zippered style of the late 1970s and early 1980s, "parachute" referred to the pants' synthetic nylon material. In the later 1980s, "parachute" may have referred to the extreme bagginess of the pant. These are also referred to as "Hammer" pants, due to rapper MC Hammer's signature style. Hammer pants differ from the parachute pants of the 1970s and early 1980s. They are typically worn as menswear and are often brightly colored. Parachute pants became a fad in US culture in the 1980s as part of an increased cultural appropriation of breakdancing.[17]

Subcultures of the 1980s

English singer Siouxsie Sioux in 1986 wearing black clothing, back-combed hair, and heavy black eyeliner. She was an inspiration for the gothic fashion trend that started in the early 1980s

Heavy Metal style

  • In the first half of the 1980s, long hair, leather rocker jackets (biker jackets) or cut-off denim jackets, tight worn-out jeans, and white, high trainers (sneakers) and badges with logos of favourite metal bands were popular among metalheads, and musicians of heavy metal and speed metal bands. In the second half of the 1980s, this clothing style was popular among musicians and fans of more extreme and niche (often underground) metal bands - thrash metal, crossover thrash, early black metal, and early death metal bands. It was popular particularly in European nations, but it was also popular in the USA, Canada, and Brazil.
  • By the late 1980s, acid-washed jeans and denim jackets had become popular with both sexes. Acid washing is the process of chemically bleaching the denim, breaking down the fiber of material and forcing the dye to fade, thus leaving undertones of the original dye evidenced by pale white streaks or spots on the material. This became associated with the heavy metal trend (called "hair metal" in later decades for the large frizzy coiffures worn by both male and female enthusiasts).
  • Severely bleached and ripped jeans, either manufactured purposely or done by hand, become a popular fashion trend, being a main component of glam metal music acts such as Poison.

Punk style

Wendy Wu, lead singer of the British new-wave band, The Photos in 1980.
  • Throughout the 1980s, the punk style was popular among people aged 18-22. Characterized by multi-colored mohawks, ripped skinny jeans, worn band tee-shirts, and jean or leather jackets, it was practiced by people who listened to punk music such as The Sex Pistols and later, (despite the band's self-pro-claimed rock'n'roll image) Guns N' Roses. Usually the jean jackets (which became an identity of the group) were adorned by safety pins, buttons, patches, and several other pieces of music or cultural memorabilia. Often people of the punk style would take random bits of fabric and attach them with safety pins. This soon became a popular way of attaching clothing, and now in young women it is known as "pin shirts". The shirts are essentially rectangular pieces of fabric that are pinned on one side with safety pins. In the 1980s, a dressed down look (e.g. Buzzed hair, T-shirts, Jeans and button up shirts) was also very popular with people involved in Punk Rock. More specifically the Hardcore Punk scene. Circle Jerk's frontman Keith Morris describes it as "Some of those punk rock kids they interviewed were a little over the top, but the thing historically is - the L.A./Hollywood punk scene was basically based on English fashion. But we had nothing to do with that. Black flag and the Circle Jerks were so far from that. We looked like the kid who worked at the gas station or submarine shop." [18] Punk dress was not simply a fashion statement. It epitomized a way of thinking and seeing oneself as an individual cultural producer and consumer. In this way, punk style led many people to ask further questions about their culture and their politics.[19]

Rockabilly

Rap and hip-hop

  • Athletic shoes had been worn as casual wear before, but for the first time they became a high-priced fashion item. Converse shoes were popular in the first half of the 1980s. Air Jordan basketball shoes (named for basketball player Michael Jordan) made their debut in 1984. The NBA banned these shoes from games when they debuted, which increased their cachet. Soon other manufacturers introduced premium athletic shoes. Adidas sneakers took the decade by storm, popular amongst teenagers and young men; the Adidas sneaker was popularized by the Run-D.M.C. song My Adidas. Nike had a similar share of the market with Air Max and similar shoes. High-tops, especially of white or black leather, became popular. In the early 1980s, long white athletic socks, often calf-high or knee-high, were worn with sneakers. As the decade progressed, socks trended shorter, eventually topping out just above the height of the shoe.
  • Ensembles featuring the colors of Africa (green, yellow and red) became wildly popular among African Americans, as did kente cloth. In the urban hip-hop communities, sneakers were usually worn unlaced and with a large amount of gold jewelry as well as headwraps.

Preppy

  • Conservative teenagers, especially in the United States wore a style that came to be known as "preppy." Preppy fashions are associated with classic and conservative style of dressing and clothing brands such as Izod Lacoste, Brooks Brothers, and Polo Ralph Lauren . An example of preppy attire would be a button-down Oxford cloth shirt, cuffed khakis, and loafers or Boat shoes. Also popular were argyle sweaters and vests. It was also considered "preppy" to wear a sweater tied loosely around the shoulders.In the 1980s, preppy fashions featured a lot of pastels and polo shirts with designer logos.The trend continues till this day. But with a more exclusive crowd, also a new brands have been added called J.Crew, Vineyard Vines and Keds were also worn by the preppy group.}

Hairstyles

Tom Bailey of the Thompson Twins in 1986.

The sideburns of the 1960s and 1970s saw a massive decline in fashion in 1980. Big and eccentric hair styles were popularized by film and music stars, in particular amongst teenagers. It was these hairstyles that the 80s became iconic for. Although straight hair was the norm at the beginning of the decade, as many late 1970s styles were still relevant, by around 1983 the perm had come into fashion. This was in large part due to many movies released at the time, as well as possibly being a rebellious movement against the 1970s. There was generally an excessive amount of mousse used in styling an individual's hair which resulted in a desired shiny look and greater volume, some mousse even contained glitter. Hairsprays such as AquaNet were also used in excess such as hard rock band Poison. The Mullet existed in several different styles, all characterized by hair short on the sides and long in the back. Mullets were popular in suburban and rural areas among working class men. This contrasted with a conservative look favored by business professionals, with neatly groomed short hair for men and sleekly straight hair for women.[citation needed] Trends in men's facial hair included designer stubble.

See also

References

  1. ^ Browne, Ray B.; Browne, Pat (15 June 2001). The Guide to United States Popular Culture. Popular Press. pp. 357–. ISBN 978-0-87972-821-2. Retrieved 11 August 2012.
  2. ^ Lauraine Leblanc. Pretty in Punk: Girls' Gender Resistance in a Boys' Subculture. Rutgers University Press, 1999. P. 52
  3. ^ "Return of the perm: Big hair leads the Eighties' comeback". London: Daily Mail. 2 March 2008. Retrieved 10 August 2012. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  4. ^ Brubaker, Ken (9 October 2003). Monster Trucks. MotorBooks International. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-7603-1544-6. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
  5. ^ Welters, Linda; Cunningham, Patricia A. (20 May 2005). Twentieth-Century American Fashion. Berg. pp. 223, 337. ISBN 978-1-84520-073-2. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
  6. ^ Bateman, Antony; Benyahia, Sarah Casey Casey; Mortimer, Claire (23 May 2012). AS Media Studies: The Essential Introduction for WJEC. Routledge. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-415-61334-7. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
  7. ^ Steinberg, Shirley R.; Kehler, Michael; Cornish, Lindsay (17 June 2010). Boy Culture: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-313-35080-1. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
  8. ^ a b "Anyone for a Noel Edmonds' T-shirt or Lisa Faulkner's LBD? Changing faces and fashions from 100 years of Kays catalogue". Retrieved 24 April 2014.
  9. ^ a b c d "Fashion in the 1980s". Retrieved 24 April 2014.
  10. ^ http://www.skwirk.com.au/p-c_s-14%20_u-189_t-509_c-1888/1980s---decade-in-context/nsw/history/australia's-social-and-cultural-history-in-the-post-war-period/social-and-cultural-features-of-the-1980s
  11. ^ Mendes, and de la Haye, Valerie, and Amy (2010). Fashion Since 1900. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd. p. 224.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ Mendes, and de la Hayes, Valerie, and Amy (2010). Fashion Since 1900. London: Thames & Husdon Ltd. p. 248.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ Craik, Jennifer (2005). Uniforms Exposed (Dress, Body, Culture). Oxford, UK: Berg Publishers. p. 171. ISBN 1-85973-804-4.
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference Fashion-Era.com was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ "South Beach and 'Miami Vice,' past and present". USA Today. www.usatoday.com. 2006-09-29. Retrieved 2007-11-25.
  16. ^ Leinster, Colin (1987-09-28). "A Tale of Mice and Lens". Fortune Magazine. money.cnn.com. Archived from the original on 31 October 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-25. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ Mansour, David. "Parachute pants". From Abba to Zoom: A Pop Culture Encyclopedia of the Late 20th Century. p. 353. Retrieved 13 January 2011.
  18. ^ Prindle, Mark. "Keith Morris - 2003". Interview. Mark Prindle. Retrieved 2013-10-20.
  19. ^ Mattson, Kevin (Spring 2001). "Did Punk Matter? ; Analyzing the Practices of a Youth Subculture During the 1980s". American Studies. 1. 42: 77. Retrieved 23 February 2014.

Notes

  • John Peacock, The 1982s, ISBN 0-500-28076-2 (October 1, 1998)
  • Tom Tierney, Great Fashion Designs of the Eighties, ISBN 0-486-40074-3 (March 18, 1998)
  • Catherine McDermott, Made in Britain: Tradition and Style in Contemporary British Fashion, ISBN 1-84000-545-9 Fashion ISBN 0-19-284030-4 (June 1, 2007)