Barelvi movement: Difference between revisions
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The followers of [[Sufi]] [[tariqah]] indicate their attachment to [[Imam Ahmad Raza Khan]] with words like Raza, Razvi (or Razavi), Barakati, or Nuri; all of which refer to subdivisions of the [[Qadiri]] [[Sufi]] lineage. In fact, Barelwi Sunnis have adopted most major Sufi traditions as authentic tariqas or orders. Most of the people who follow Sufi Tariqas are known as Barelwis by the others.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}This could be an increasingly popular perception but it is not factual as there are many Sufi Shaikhs currently associated to the Deoband School of Thought. |
The followers of [[Sufi]] [[tariqah]] indicate their attachment to [[Imam Ahmad Raza Khan]] with words like Raza, Razvi (or Razavi), Barakati, or Nuri; all of which refer to subdivisions of the [[Qadiri]] [[Sufi]] lineage. In fact, Barelwi Sunnis have adopted most major Sufi traditions as authentic tariqas or orders. Most of the people who follow Sufi Tariqas are known as Barelwis by the others.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}This could be an increasingly popular perception but it is not factual as there are many Sufi Shaikhs currently associated to the Deoband School of Thought. |
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Barelwis in [[India]] are mainly [[Hanafi]] by [[Madhab]] (School of jurisprudence), but accept the other three Sunni schools to be valid. |
Barelwis in [[India]] are mainly [[Hanafi]] by [[Madhab]] (School of jurisprudence), but accept the other three Sunni schools to be valid. |
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==Aqeeda== |
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The doctrines of: |
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*'''At Tahawi''' - Imam Abu Jafar Ahmad ibn Muhammad al Azdi al Tahawi (died 321 AH). |
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*Al Ashari - Imam Abu al Hassan al Ashari (died 329 AH) |
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* '''Muturidi'''-Imam Abu Mansur Muhammad ibn Muhammad al Maturidi(died 333 AH) |
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*'''Tasawwuf''' - the schools of Islamic mysticism and the four main Sufi orders (tariqas): |
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*'''Qadri''' – Sayyidina Shaykh Mu’in ud Din Abdul Qadir al Jilani (b 470 AH in Jilan died 561 AH). |
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*'''Naqshbandi''' – Khawaja Shah Baha ud Din Naqshband (b 717 AH in Bukhara died 791 AH) |
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*'''Chishti''' – Khawaja Mu’in ud Din al Chisti Sanjari (b 536 AH in Sijistan died 627 AH) |
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*'''Suhrawardi''' – Shaykh Shahab ud din Suhrawardiy (b 1145 in Suhraward died 1234) |
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==Concepts== |
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*a) '''Awliya Allah''' - the friends of [[Allah]] (saints) |
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*b)'''Karamah''' - miracles of the friends (awliya) of Allah saints). |
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*c)'''Mawlid al Nabi'''-commemorating the birth of ProphetMuhammed(s) |
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*d) '''Nida al Salihin''' – calling upon the righteous |
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*e) '''Tabarruk''' – obtaining blessings through the righteous |
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*f) '''Tawassul''' - supplicating through an intermediary or Wasila - a means of approach. |
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*g) '''Ziyara''' - visiting [[tomb]]s e.g. of [[Prophet]] (s) or shrines of saints (awliya Allah) etc |
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*h) '''Ilm al Ghayb''' – knowledge of the unseen |
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*i) '''Dhikr''' - gathering (majlis) for the remembrance of Allah (subhanahu wa ta`ala) |
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*j) '''Dua''' - supplicating collectively in congregation (jama`ah) |
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*k) '''Salawaat and Salaam''' - sending prayers and salutations upon Prophet Muhammed (s). |
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*l) '''Nur al Muhammadiy''' - [[light]](noor) of Prophet Muhammed (s) |
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*m) '''Madhab al Wahhabi''' - we reject the [[Wahhab]]i school founded by Muhammed bin Abdul |
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Wahhab (born 1699 died 1792 CE) he came from a place called Najd in the east of Saudi Arabia |
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==Practices== |
==Practices== |
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In most of the Masjids of India the [[ |
In most of the Masjids of India the [[Salam]] written by [[Imam Ahmed Raza Khan]] is recited after Morning Namaz and after Juma Namaz, seen as a differentiating feature from other Muslim movements. |
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They are noted to celebrate [[Eid-e-Milad]], "the birthday of holy prophet (S.A.W)", [[Muharram]], both [[Eid]]s and [[Urs]] at the [[Dargah]] of their [[wali]] (saint). There are several hundred |
They are noted to celebrate [[Eid-e-Milad]], "the birthday of holy prophet (S.A.W)", [[Muharram]], both [[Eid]]s and [[Urs]] at the [[Dargah]] of their [[wali]] (saint). There are several hundred [[Dargah]]s in India at which [[Urs]] are performed. Some of the most famous Dargahs in India are in [[Ajmer]], [[Delhi]], Kaliyar, [[Barabanki]], [[Bahraich]], [[Gulbarga]], [[Bareilly]], Marehra, and [[Badaun]]. |
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Barelwi practise also frowns on terrorism, believing in the more peaceful ("Peace and love") traditions of Sufism.{{fact}} No Barelwi organization has been associated with terrorism.{{cn}} |
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==Dargahs== |
==Dargahs== |
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* [http://www.aulia-e-hind.com/Cities.htm Indian Dargahs] |
* [http://www.aulia-e-hind.com/Cities.htm Indian Dargahs] |
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*[http://www.aulia-e-hind.com/globaldargah.htm International] |
*[http://www.aulia-e-hind.com/globaldargah.htm International] |
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==Prominent Barelwi scholars of today== |
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*[http://www.wimnet.org Allama Qamaruzzaman Khan Azmi] |
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*[http://www.alahazrat.net Syed Shah Turab-ul-Haq] |
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*[[Ilyas Attar Qadri]] |
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*[[Tahir-ul-Qadri]] |
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*Mufti Akmal |
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*Kokab Noorani. |
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*[http://www.siratemustaqeem.net Dr Mufti Muhammad Ashraf Asif Jalali] |
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*[http://www.islamicfoundation.8m.com Muftie Abdul Wajid Quadri] |
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==Criticism== |
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Adherents of the Barelwi and [[Deobandi]] schools of thought disagree on many religious matters and have had many disputes. |
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[[Salafi]] and [[Deobandi]] scholars have claimed that certain Barelwi teachings are incorrect and not in keeping with the teachings of the Prophet [[Muhammad]] (see [[Sunnah]]) accusing them of committing [[Bid'ah]]. |
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Conversely, some Barelwi scholars declare Deobandis as non-Sunnis, and in some instances even non-Muslims, citing allegedly "contradictory" or even "blasphemous" writings from the Deobandi scholars. For example, in 2006, Mufti Abdul Mannan Karimi annulled the marriages of 200 Barelwi adherents for attending prayers led by a Deobandi cleric, claiming that they had become [[Kafir|disbelievers]] by doing so.[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1960258.cms] |
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==Prominent Barelwi scholars of today== |
==Prominent Barelwi scholars of today== |
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*[http://www.siratemustaqeem.net Dr Mufti Muhammad Ashraf Asif Jalali] |
*[http://www.siratemustaqeem.net Dr Mufti Muhammad Ashraf Asif Jalali] |
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*[http://www.islamicfoundation.8m.com Muftie Abdul Wajid Quadri] |
*[http://www.islamicfoundation.8m.com Muftie Abdul Wajid Quadri] |
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==Criticism== |
==Criticism== |
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Revision as of 12:35, 27 February 2007
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Barelwi (Hindi: बरैल्वि, Urdu: بریلوی) is a movement within Sunni Islam that was started by Ahmed Rida Khan of Bareilly, India (hence the term Barelwi).It is common practice for Muslims in South Asia (as elsewhere) to identify themselves by place-name, or by profession, association with a Sufi Tariqa (example, Qaadiri,Chishti, etc), or family lineage (such as Qureshi or Usmani), so as to distinguish between individuals with the same personal name.
The followers of Sufi tariqah indicate their attachment to Imam Ahmad Raza Khan with words like Raza, Razvi (or Razavi), Barakati, or Nuri; all of which refer to subdivisions of the Qadiri Sufi lineage. In fact, Barelwi Sunnis have adopted most major Sufi traditions as authentic tariqas or orders. Most of the people who follow Sufi Tariqas are known as Barelwis by the others.[citation needed]This could be an increasingly popular perception but it is not factual as there are many Sufi Shaikhs currently associated to the Deoband School of Thought. Barelwis in India are mainly Hanafi by Madhab (School of jurisprudence), but accept the other three Sunni schools to be valid.
Aqeeda
The doctrines of:
- At Tahawi - Imam Abu Jafar Ahmad ibn Muhammad al Azdi al Tahawi (died 321 AH).
- Al Ashari - Imam Abu al Hassan al Ashari (died 329 AH)
- Muturidi-Imam Abu Mansur Muhammad ibn Muhammad al Maturidi(died 333 AH)
- Tasawwuf - the schools of Islamic mysticism and the four main Sufi orders (tariqas):
- Qadri – Sayyidina Shaykh Mu’in ud Din Abdul Qadir al Jilani (b 470 AH in Jilan died 561 AH).
- Naqshbandi – Khawaja Shah Baha ud Din Naqshband (b 717 AH in Bukhara died 791 AH)
- Chishti – Khawaja Mu’in ud Din al Chisti Sanjari (b 536 AH in Sijistan died 627 AH)
- Suhrawardi – Shaykh Shahab ud din Suhrawardiy (b 1145 in Suhraward died 1234)
Concepts
- a) Awliya Allah - the friends of Allah (saints)
- b)Karamah - miracles of the friends (awliya) of Allah saints).
- c)Mawlid al Nabi-commemorating the birth of ProphetMuhammed(s)
- d) Nida al Salihin – calling upon the righteous
- e) Tabarruk – obtaining blessings through the righteous
- f) Tawassul - supplicating through an intermediary or Wasila - a means of approach.
- g) Ziyara - visiting tombs e.g. of Prophet (s) or shrines of saints (awliya Allah) etc
- h) Ilm al Ghayb – knowledge of the unseen
- i) Dhikr - gathering (majlis) for the remembrance of Allah (subhanahu wa ta`ala)
- j) Dua - supplicating collectively in congregation (jama`ah)
- k) Salawaat and Salaam - sending prayers and salutations upon Prophet Muhammed (s).
- l) Nur al Muhammadiy - light(noor) of Prophet Muhammed (s)
- m) Madhab al Wahhabi - we reject the Wahhabi school founded by Muhammed bin Abdul
Wahhab (born 1699 died 1792 CE) he came from a place called Najd in the east of Saudi Arabia
Practices
In most of the Masjids of India the Salam written by Imam Ahmed Raza Khan is recited after Morning Namaz and after Juma Namaz, seen as a differentiating feature from other Muslim movements.
They are noted to celebrate Eid-e-Milad, "the birthday of holy prophet (S.A.W)", Muharram, both Eids and Urs at the Dargah of their wali (saint). There are several hundred Dargahs in India at which Urs are performed. Some of the most famous Dargahs in India are in Ajmer, Delhi, Kaliyar, Barabanki, Bahraich, Gulbarga, Bareilly, Marehra, and Badaun. Barelwi practise also frowns on terrorism, believing in the more peaceful ("Peace and love") traditions of Sufism.[citation needed] No Barelwi organization has been associated with terrorism.[citation needed]
Dargahs
Prominent Barelwi scholars of today
- Allama Qamaruzzaman Khan Azmi
- Syed Shah Turab-ul-Haq
- Ilyas Attar Qadri
- Tahir-ul-Qadri
- Mufti Akmal
- Kokab Noorani.
- Dr Mufti Muhammad Ashraf Asif Jalali
- Muftie Abdul Wajid Quadri
Criticism
Adherents of the Barelwi and Deobandi schools of thought disagree on many religious matters and have had many disputes. Salafi and Deobandi scholars have claimed that certain Barelwi teachings are incorrect and not in keeping with the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (see Sunnah) accusing them of committing Bid'ah.
Conversely, some Barelwi scholars declare Deobandis as non-Sunnis, and in some instances even non-Muslims, citing allegedly "contradictory" or even "blasphemous" writings from the Deobandi scholars. For example, in 2006, Mufti Abdul Mannan Karimi annulled the marriages of 200 Barelwi adherents for attending prayers led by a Deobandi cleric, claiming that they had become disbelievers by doing so.[1]
Prominent Barelwi scholars of today
- Allama Qamaruzzaman Khan Azmi
- Syed Shah Turab-ul-Haq
- Ilyas Attar Qadri
- Tahir-ul-Qadri
- Mufti Muhammad Akmal (ARY Digital)
- Kokab Noorani.
- Mufti Allama Saeed Ahmad Asad
- Peer Syed Muhammed Irfan Shah Sahib Mashadi Moosvi
- Dr Mufti Muhammad Ashraf Asif Jalali
- Muftie Abdul Wajid Quadri
Criticism
Adherents of the Barelwi and Deobandi schools of thought disagree on many religious matters and have had many disputes. Salafi and Deobandi scholars have claimed that certain Barelwi teachings are incorrect and not in keeping with the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (see Sunnah) accusing them of committing Bid'ah.In some instances they have even been accused of shirk, i.e., attributing partners to Allah, by exaggerating in their devotion and veneration towards the Prophet and buzurg/auliya.
Conversely, some Barelwi scholars declare Deobandis as non-Sunnis, and in some instances even non-Muslims, citing allegedly "contradictory" or even "blasphemous" writings from the Deobandi scholars. For example, in 2006, Mufti Abdul Mannan Karimi annulled the marriages of 200 Barelwi adherents for attending prayers led by a Deobandi cleric, claiming that they had become disbelievers by doing so.[2]