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List of Japanese deities: Difference between revisions

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m Corrected the mistranslations of the Japanese words 神 and 女神
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Not mistranslations, they are translations to help the non-J reader by explaining rather than just transliterating
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[[File:Origin of the Cave Door Dance (Amaterasu) by Shunsai Toshimasa 1889.jpg|thumb|The [[Amaterasu|Amaterasu-Ōmikami]] emerges from the [[Heavenly Rock Cave]] {{ill|Shunsai Toshimasa|ja|枝年昌}} ({{lang|ja|春斎年昌}})]]
[[File:Origin of the Cave Door Dance (Amaterasu) by Shunsai Toshimasa 1889.jpg|thumb|The [[Amaterasu|Amaterasu-Ōmikami]] emerges from the [[Heavenly Rock Cave]] {{ill|Shunsai Toshimasa|ja|枝年昌}} ({{lang|ja|春斎年昌}})]]


*[[Amaterasu|Amaterasu-Ōmikami]] ({{lang|ja|天照大神}}), she is the [[Solar deity|megami of the sun]] as well as the purported ancestress of the [[Imperial House of Japan|Imperial Household of Japan]]. Her name means "Shines from Heaven" or "the great kami who shine Heaven". For many reasons, one among them being her ties to the Imperial family, she is often considered (though not officially) to be the "primary kami" of [[Shinto]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Coulter|first1=Charles Russell|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VWxekbhM1yEC&q=Amaterasu&pg=PT91|title=Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities|last2=Turner|first2=Patricia|date=2013-07-04|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-96397-2|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Amaterasu|url=https://mythopedia.com/japanese-mythology/gods/amaterasu/|access-date=2020-10-13|website=Mythopedia|language=en}}</ref>
*[[Amaterasu|Amaterasu-Ōmikami]] ({{lang|ja|天照大神}}), she is the [[Solar deity|goddess of the sun]] as well as the purported ancestress of the [[Imperial House of Japan|Imperial Household of Japan]]. Her name means "Shines from Heaven" or "the great kami who shine Heaven". For many reasons, one among them being her ties to the Imperial family, she is often considered (though not officially) to be the "primary god" of [[Shinto]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Coulter|first1=Charles Russell|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VWxekbhM1yEC&q=Amaterasu&pg=PT91|title=Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities|last2=Turner|first2=Patricia|date=2013-07-04|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-96397-2|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Amaterasu|url=https://mythopedia.com/japanese-mythology/gods/amaterasu/|access-date=2020-10-13|website=Mythopedia|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ame-no-Uzume]] ({{lang|ja|天宇受売命}} or {{lang|ja|天鈿女命}}) Commonly called Uzume, she is the megami of dawn and revelry in Shinto.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ame-no-Uzume|url=https://mythopedia.com/japanese-mythology/gods/ame-no-uzume/|access-date=2020-10-13|website=Mythopedia|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ame-no-Uzume]] ({{lang|ja|天宇受売命}} or {{lang|ja|天鈿女命}}) Commonly called Uzume, she is the goddess of dawn and revelry in Shinto.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ame-no-Uzume|url=https://mythopedia.com/japanese-mythology/gods/ame-no-uzume/|access-date=2020-10-13|website=Mythopedia|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Fūjin]] ({{lang|ja|風神}}) Also known as {{lang|ja-Latn|Kaze-no-kami}}, he is the Japanese kami of the [[wind]] and one of the eldest Shinto kami, said to have been present at the creation of the world. He is often depicted as an [[Oni (folklore)|oni]] with a bag slung over his back.
* [[Fūjin]] ({{lang|ja|風神}}) Also known as {{lang|ja-Latn|Kaze-no-kami}}, he is the Japanese god of the [[wind]] and one of the eldest Shinto gods, said to have been present at the creation of the world. He is often depicted as an [[Oni (folklore)|oni]] with a bag slung over his back.
* [[Hachiman]] ({{lang|ja|八幡神}}) is the kami of [[war]] and the divine protector of Japan and its people. Originally an [[agriculture|agricultural]] deity, he later became the guardian of the [[Minamoto]] clan. His symbolic animal and messenger is the [[dove]].
* [[Hachiman]] ({{lang|ja|八幡神}}) is the god of [[war]] and the divine protector of Japan and its people. Originally an [[agriculture|agricultural]] deity, he later became the guardian of the [[Minamoto]] clan. His symbolic animal and messenger is the [[dove]].
* [[Inari Ōkami]] ({{lang|ja|稲荷大神}}) The kami or megami of [[rice]] and [[fertility]]. Their messengers and symbolic animal are [[fox]]es. They are often identified with [[Ukanomitama]] and [[Buddhist]] deity [[Dakiniten]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Japanese Gods|url=https://mythopedia.com/japanese-mythology/gods/|access-date=2020-11-13|website=Mythopedia|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Inari Ōkami]] ({{lang|ja|稲荷大神}}) The god or goddess of [[rice]] and [[fertility]]. Their messengers and symbolic animal are [[fox]]es. They are often identified with [[Ukanomitama]] and [[Buddhist]] deity [[Dakiniten]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Japanese Gods|url=https://mythopedia.com/japanese-mythology/gods/|access-date=2020-11-13|website=Mythopedia|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ninigi-no-Mikoto]] ({{lang|ja|瓊瓊杵尊}}) Commonly called Ninigi, he was the grandson of Amaterasu. His great-grandson was Kan'yamato Iwarebiko, later known as [[Emperor Jimmu]], the first emperor of Japan.
* [[Ninigi-no-Mikoto]] ({{lang|ja|瓊瓊杵尊}}) Commonly called Ninigi, he was the grandson of Amaterasu. His great-grandson was Kan'yamato Iwarebiko, later known as [[Emperor Jimmu]], the first emperor of Japan.
*[[Ōmononushi]] ({{lang|ja|大物主神}}) in the ''[[Nihongi]]'', Ōmononushi was considered an alternate name for [[Ōkuninushi]]. But, it appears that the two were separate kami.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kami in Classic Texts: Ōmononushi|url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=126|access-date=2020-11-13|website=Encyclopedia of Shinto |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025215110/http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=126 |archive-date=Oct 25, 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Ōmononushi]] ({{lang|ja|大物主神}}) in the ''[[Nihongi]]'', Ōmononushi was considered an alternate name for [[Ōkuninushi]]. But, it appears that the two were separate kami.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kami in Classic Texts: Ōmononushi|url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=126|access-date=2020-11-13|website=Encyclopedia of Shinto |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025215110/http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=126 |archive-date=Oct 25, 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Ōkuninushi]] ({{lang|ja|大国主}}) A kami of nation-building, farming, business, and medicine.
* [[Ōkuninushi]] ({{lang|ja|大国主}}) A god of nation-building, farming, business, and medicine.
* [[Omoikane (Shinto)|Omoikane]] ({{lang|ja|思兼}}) The kami of wisdom and intelligence, who is always called upon to "ponder" and give good counsel in the deliberations of the heavenly deities.
* [[Omoikane (Shinto)|Omoikane]] ({{lang|ja|思兼}}) The deity of wisdom and intelligence, who is always called upon to "ponder" and give good counsel in the deliberations of the heavenly deities.
* [[Raijin]] ({{lang|ja|雷神}}) is the kami of thunder and lightning and is often paired with Fūjin. As with the latter, Raijin is usually depicted as an oni.
* [[Raijin]] ({{lang|ja|雷神}}) is the god of thunder and lightning and is often paired with Fūjin. As with the latter, Raijin is usually depicted as an oni.
* [[Ryūjin]] ({{lang|ja|龍神}}) Some traditions consider him and [[Watatsumi|Ōwatatsumi]] as the same kami. He is a [[Japanese dragon|dragon]], as well as kami of the sea.<ref name="Ryujin">{{Cite web|title=Ryujin|url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Ryujin/|access-date=2020-11-13|website=[[World History Encyclopedia]] |date=28 June 2017 |first=Mark |last=Cartwright}}</ref>
* [[Ryūjin]] ({{lang|ja|龍神}}) Some traditions consider him and [[Watatsumi|Ōwatatsumi]] as the same god. He is a [[Japanese dragon|dragon]], as well as god of the sea.<ref name="Ryujin">{{Cite web|title=Ryujin|url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Ryujin/|access-date=2020-11-13|website=[[World History Encyclopedia]] |date=28 June 2017 |first=Mark |last=Cartwright}}</ref>
* [[Suijin]] ({{lang|ja|水神}}) The kami of water.
* [[Suijin]] ({{lang|ja|水神}}) The god of water.
* [[Susanoo-no-Mikoto]] ({{lang|ja|須佐之男命}} or {{lang|ja|素戔嗚尊}}) is a kami of [[storms]], as well as the ruler of the sea in some cases. He is also somewhat of a trickster kami, as Japanese mythology extensively documents the "[[sibling rivalry]]" between him and Amaterasu. Susanoo was also responsible for the slaying of the monster [[Yamata no Orochi]] and the subsequent discovery of the sacred sword [[Kusanagi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Susanoo {{!}} Description & Mythology|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Susanoo|access-date=2020-11-12|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Susanoo-no-Mikoto]] ({{lang|ja|須佐之男命}} or {{lang|ja|素戔嗚尊}}) is a god of [[storms]], as well as the ruler of the sea in some cases. He is also somewhat of a trickster god, as Japanese mythology extensively documents the "[[sibling rivalry]]" between him and Amaterasu. Susanoo was also responsible for the slaying of the monster [[Yamata no Orochi]] and the subsequent discovery of the sacred sword [[Kusanagi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Susanoo {{!}} Description & Mythology|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Susanoo|access-date=2020-11-12|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Takemikazuchi]], ({{lang|ja|建御雷}}/{{lang|ja|武甕槌}}) known as a kami of thunder and the kami of swords.
* [[Takemikazuchi]], ({{lang|ja|建御雷}}/{{lang|ja|武甕槌}}) known as a god of thunder and the god of swords.
* [[Takeminakata]], ({{lang|ja|建御名方}}) kami of wind, water and agriculture, as well as a patron of [[List of hunting deities|hunting]] and [[List of war deities|warfare]].
* [[Takeminakata]], ({{lang|ja|建御名方}}) god of wind, water and agriculture, as well as a patron of [[List of hunting deities|hunting]] and [[List of war deities|warfare]].
* [[Toyotama-hime]] ({{lang|ja|豊玉姫}}) was the daughter of Ryūjin and the grandmother of Emperor Jimmu. It is said that after she gave birth to her son, she turned into a dragon and disappeared.
* [[Toyotama-hime]] ({{lang|ja|豊玉姫}}) was the daughter of Ryūjin and the grandmother of Emperor Jimmu. It is said that after she gave birth to her son, she turned into a dragon and disappeared.
* [[Tsukuyomi-no-Mikoto]] ({{lang|ja|月読命}} or {{lang|ja|月夜見尊}}) is the [[Lunar deity|kami of the moon]]. In certain myths, he killed [[Ukemochi]], out of disgust and anger in the way she had prepared a meal. This caused Amaterasu never to face him again, causing the sun and moon to be in different parts of the sky.
* [[Tsukuyomi-no-Mikoto]] ({{lang|ja|月読命}} or {{lang|ja|月夜見尊}}) is the [[Lunar deity|god of the moon]]. He killed [[Ukemochi]], out of disgust and anger in the way she had prepared a meal. This caused Amaterasu never to face him again, causing the sun and moon to be in different parts of the sky.
* [[Yatagarasu]] ({{lang|ja|八咫烏}}) is an incarnation of the sun and the guide of [[Emperor Jimmu]].
* [[Yatagarasu]] ({{lang|ja|八咫烏}}) is an incarnation of the sun and the guide of [[Emperor Jimmu]].


==Kamiyonanayo==
==Kamiyonanayo==
{{Main articles|Kamiyonanayo}}
{{Main articles|Kamiyonanayo}}
* [[Izanagi]]: ({{lang|ja|伊邪那岐神}}) was a creation kami; he makes up the seventh generation of the [[Kamiyonanayo]], along with his wife and sister, Izanami.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qOvnhnN_VqsC&dq=Seven+Generations+of+the+Age+of+the+Gods&pg=PA7|title=Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A|date=2008-01-01|publisher=Cosimo, Inc.|isbn=978-1-60520-145-0|pages=9|language=en}}</ref>[[File:Nihongi by Aston djvu 041.jpg|thumb|[[Izanagi]] and [[Izanami]] on the Floating Bridge of Heaven (by [[William George Aston]])]]
* [[Izanagi]]: ({{lang|ja|伊邪那岐神}}) was a creation deity; he makes up the seventh generation of the [[Kamiyonanayo]], along with his wife and sister, Izanami.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qOvnhnN_VqsC&dq=Seven+Generations+of+the+Age+of+the+Gods&pg=PA7|title=Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A|date=2008-01-01|publisher=Cosimo, Inc.|isbn=978-1-60520-145-0|pages=9|language=en}}</ref>[[File:Nihongi by Aston djvu 041.jpg|thumb|[[Izanagi]] and [[Izanami]] on the Floating Bridge of Heaven (by [[William George Aston]])]]
* [[Izanami]]: ({{lang|ja|伊邪那美神}}) was a creation kami; she makes up the seventh generation of the Kamiyonanayo, along with her husband and brother, Izanagi.<ref name=":1" />
* [[Izanami]]: ({{lang|ja|伊邪那美神}}) was a creation deity; she makes up the seventh generation of the Kamiyonanayo, along with her husband and brother, Izanagi.<ref name=":1" />
*[[Kuninotokotachi]] ({{lang|ja|国之常立神}}) was a kami classified as a [[hitorigami]]. He was, by himself, the first generation of the Kamiyonanayo. He was considered one of the first two kami, according to the {{Lang|ja-latn|[[Kojiki]]}}, or one of the first three gods, according to the ''Nihongi''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qOvnhnN_VqsC&dq=Seven+Generations+of+the+Age+of+the+Gods&pg=PA7|title=Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A|date=2008-01-01|publisher=Cosimo, Inc.|isbn=978-1-60520-145-0|language=en}}</ref>
*[[Kuninotokotachi]] ({{lang|ja|国之常立神}}) was a deity classified as a [[hitorigami]]. He was, by himself, the first generation of the Kamiyonanayo. He was considered one of the first two gods, according to the {{Lang|ja-latn|[[Kojiki]]}}, or one of the first three gods, according to the ''Nihongi''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qOvnhnN_VqsC&dq=Seven+Generations+of+the+Age+of+the+Gods&pg=PA7|title=Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A|date=2008-01-01|publisher=Cosimo, Inc.|isbn=978-1-60520-145-0|language=en}}</ref>
* Omodaru and Ayakashikone: ({{lang|ja|淤母陀琉神}} and {{lang|ja|阿夜訶志古泥神}}) Sixth generation of the Kamiyonanayo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kami in Classic Texts: Omodaru, Ayakashikone|url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=124|access-date=2021-01-17|website=Encyclopedia of Shinto |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122094504/http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=124 |archive-date=Jan 22, 2021}}</ref>
* Omodaru and Ayakashikone: ({{lang|ja|淤母陀琉神}} and {{lang|ja|阿夜訶志古泥神}}) Sixth generation of the Kamiyonanayo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kami in Classic Texts: Omodaru, Ayakashikone|url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=124|access-date=2021-01-17|website=Encyclopedia of Shinto |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122094504/http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=124 |archive-date=Jan 22, 2021}}</ref>
*Otonoji and Otonobe: ({{lang|ja|意富斗能地神}} and {{lang|ja|大斗乃弁神}}) Fifth generation of the Kamiyonanayo.
*Otonoji and Otonobe: ({{lang|ja|意富斗能地神}} and {{lang|ja|大斗乃弁神}}) Fifth generation of the Kamiyonanayo.
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* [[Ame-no-hohi]] ({{lang|ja|天菩比神}}, {{lang|ja|天穂日命}}) considered the second son of [[Amaterasu]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kami in Classic Texts: Amenohohi|url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=33|access-date=2020-09-28|website=Encyclopedia of Shinto |author1=Mori Mizue |date=April 21, 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922212642/http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=33 |archive-date=Sep 22, 2020}}</ref>
* [[Ame-no-hohi]] ({{lang|ja|天菩比神}}, {{lang|ja|天穂日命}}) considered the second son of [[Amaterasu]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kami in Classic Texts: Amenohohi|url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=33|access-date=2020-09-28|website=Encyclopedia of Shinto |author1=Mori Mizue |date=April 21, 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922212642/http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=33 |archive-date=Sep 22, 2020}}</ref>
*Ame-no-Naemasu ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:天苗加命|天苗加命]]}}), said to be son of [[Futsunushi]].
*Ame-no-Naemasu ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:天苗加命|天苗加命]]}}), said to be son of [[Futsunushi]].
* [[Ame-no-Koyane]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:天児屋命|天児屋命]]}} or {{lang|ja|天児屋根命}}) A male kami, he is considered the "First in Charge of Divine Affairs," as well as the aide to the first [[Emperor of Japan]].<ref>{{cite web |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007183634/http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=37 |archive-date=Oct 7, 2018 |url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=37 |author1=Mori Mizue |date=April 21, 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Shinto |title=Amenokoyane }}</ref> He is also considered to be the ancestor of the [[Fujiwara clan|Fujiwara family]].
* [[Ame-no-Koyane]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:天児屋命|天児屋命]]}} or {{lang|ja|天児屋根命}}) A male deity, he is considered the "First in Charge of Divine Affairs," as well as the aide to the first [[Emperor of Japan]].<ref>{{cite web |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007183634/http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=37 |archive-date=Oct 7, 2018 |url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=37 |author1=Mori Mizue |date=April 21, 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Shinto |title=Amenokoyane }}</ref> He is also considered to be the ancestor of the [[Fujiwara clan|Fujiwara family]].
* [[Ame-no-oshihomimi]] ({{lang|ja|天忍穂耳命}})
* [[Ame-no-oshihomimi]] ({{lang|ja|天忍穂耳命}})
* [[Ame-no-wakahiko]] ({{lang|ja|天若日子}}, {{lang|ja|天稚彦}}) Kami of grains.
* [[Ame-no-wakahiko]] ({{lang|ja|天若日子}}, {{lang|ja|天稚彦}}) God of grains.
* [[Atago Gongen]] ({{lang|ja|愛宕権現}})
* [[Atago Gongen]] ({{lang|ja|愛宕権現}})
* [[Ame-no-Tajikarao]] ({{lang|ja|アメノタジカラオ}}), in some traditions, is the kami that pulls [[Amaterasu]] out of [[Amano-Iwato]].<ref>{{Cite web|title= Kami in Classic Texts: Tajikarao |author1=Kadoya Atsushi |date=2005 |url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=147|access-date=2020-11-13|website=Encyclopedia of Shinto |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604024859/http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=147 |archive-date= Jun 4, 2012 }}</ref>
* [[Ame-no-Tajikarao]] ({{lang|ja|アメノタジカラオ}}), in some traditions, is the kami that pulls [[Amaterasu]] out of [[Amano-Iwato]].<ref>{{Cite web|title= Kami in Classic Texts: Tajikarao |author1=Kadoya Atsushi |date=2005 |url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=147|access-date=2020-11-13|website=Encyclopedia of Shinto |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604024859/http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=147 |archive-date= Jun 4, 2012 }}</ref>
* [[Azumi-no-isora]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:阿曇磯良|阿曇磯良]]}}) is a kami of the seashore. He is considered to be the ancestor of the [[Azumi people]].
* [[Azumi-no-isora]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:阿曇磯良|阿曇磯良]]}}) is a kami of the seashore. He is considered to be the ancestor of the [[Azumi people]].
* [[Amenohoakari]], ({{lang|ja|天火明命}}) a sun and agriculture kami.
* [[Amenohoakari]], ({{lang|ja|天火明命}}) a sun and agriculture god.
* Dojin ({{lang|ja|土神}}), is a Japanese kami of earth, land, and/or soil.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* Dojin ({{lang|ja|土神}}), is a Japanese god of earth, land, and/or soil.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* [[Futodama]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:フトダマ|布刀玉命]]}}) is a kami who performed a divination when Amaterasu hid in a cave.<ref>{{Cite web|title= Kami in Classic Texts: Futodama|url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=52|access-date=2020-11-07|website=Encyclopedia of Shinto}}</ref>
* [[Futodama]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:フトダマ|布刀玉命]]}}) is a kami who performed a divination when Amaterasu hid in a cave.<ref>{{Cite web|title= Kami in Classic Texts: Futodama|url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=52|access-date=2020-11-07|website=Encyclopedia of Shinto}}</ref>
* [[Futsunushi]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:経津主神|経津主神]]}}) Main kami at [[Katori Shrine]].
* [[Futsunushi]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:経津主神|経津主神]]}}) Main deity at [[Katori Shrine]].
* [[Haniyasu-hiko and Haniyasu-hime|Haniyasu no kami]], two kami born from Izanami's feces.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=56|title = Shinto Portal - IJCC, Kokugakuin University}}</ref>
* [[Haniyasu-hiko and Haniyasu-hime|Haniyasu no kami]], two deities born from Izanami's feces.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=56|title = Shinto Portal - IJCC, Kokugakuin University}}</ref>
* [[Hoderi]] ({{lang|ja|火照命}}) was a kami of the bounty of the sea and enchanted [[fisherman]].
* [[Hoderi]] ({{lang|ja|火照命}}) was a deity of the bounty of the sea and enchanted [[fisherman]].
* [[Hoori]] ({{lang|ja|火折尊}})
* [[Hoori]] ({{lang|ja|火折尊}})
* [[Isetsuhiko]] ({{lang|ja|伊勢都彦命}}), is a kami of the wind.
* [[Isetsuhiko]] ({{lang|ja|伊勢都彦命}}), is a god of the wind.
* [[Ishikori-dome no Mikoto]] ({{lang|ja|石凝姥命}}), the kami of metalworking.
* [[Ishikori-dome no Mikoto]] ({{lang|ja|石凝姥命}}), the god of metalworking.
* [[Kaya-no-hime]], the megami of vegetation, grass and fields.
* [[Kaya-no-hime]], the goddess of vegetation, grass and fields.
* Kawaya no Kami, kami of the toilet.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bocking|first=Brian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6d-RAgAAQBAJ&q=Kawaya+no+Kami&pg=PA194|title=A Popular Dictionary of Shinto|date=2005-09-30|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-79739-3|language=en}}</ref>
* Kawaya no Kami, kami of the toilet.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bocking|first=Brian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6d-RAgAAQBAJ&q=Kawaya+no+Kami&pg=PA194|title=A Popular Dictionary of Shinto|date=2005-09-30|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-79739-3|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Kawa-no-Kami]] a kami of rivers.<ref>{{Cite web|title= Kami in Classic Texts: Kawanokami|url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=90|access-date=2020-11-13|website=Encyclopedia of Shinto}}</ref>
* [[Kawa-no-Kami]] a god of rivers.<ref>{{Cite web|title= Kami in Classic Texts: Kawanokami|url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=90|access-date=2020-11-13|website=Encyclopedia of Shinto}}</ref>
* [[Kagu-tsuchi]] ({{lang|ja|カグツチ}}), the kami of fire.<ref>{{Cite web|title= Kami in Classic Texts: Kagutsuchi|url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=85|access-date=2021-01-16|website=Encyclopedia of Shinto}}</ref>
* [[Kagu-tsuchi]] ({{lang|ja|カグツチ}}), the kami of fire.<ref>{{Cite web|title= Kami in Classic Texts: Kagutsuchi|url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=85|access-date=2021-01-16|website=Encyclopedia of Shinto}}</ref>
* Kanayago-kami/Kanayako-kami ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:金屋子神|金屋子神]]}}), a ''Kami'' of metal and metal-working, who, as believed by blacksmiths, lives mainly in Chugoku Region. Similar to ''Inari'', Kanayago can be, either, male or female.
* Kanayago-kami/Kanayako-kami ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:金屋子神|金屋子神]]}}), a ''Kami'' of metal and metal-working, who, as believed by blacksmiths, lives mainly in Chugoku Region. Similar to ''Inari'', Kanayago can be, either, male or female.
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* [[Konjin]] ({{lang|ja|金神}})
* [[Konjin]] ({{lang|ja|金神}})
* [[Kotoshironushi]] ({{lang|ja|事代主神}})
* [[Kotoshironushi]] ({{lang|ja|事代主神}})
* [[Kuebiko]] ({{lang|ja|久延毘古}}), the kami of knowledge and agriculture, represented in Japanese mythology as a scarecrow who cannot walk but has comprehensive awareness.
* [[Kuebiko]] ({{lang|ja|久延毘古}}), the god of knowledge and agriculture, represented in Japanese mythology as a scarecrow who cannot walk but has comprehensive awareness.
* [[Kuraokami]] ({{lang|ja|闇龗}}) is a legendary [[Japanese dragon]] and Shintō kami of rain and snow.
* [[Kuraokami]] ({{lang|ja|闇龗}}) is a legendary [[Japanese dragon]] and Shinto deity of rain and snow.
* [[Kushinadahime]]
* [[Kushinadahime]]
* [[Kukurihime no Kami]] ({{lang|ja|菊理媛神}}), a megami enshrined at [[Shirayama Hime Shrine]].
* [[Kukurihime no Kami]] ({{lang|ja|菊理媛神}}), a goddess enshrined at [[Shirayama Hime Shrine]].
* [[Kuzuryū]], minor water kami .<ref name=":0" />
* [[Kuzuryū]], minor water deity.<ref name=":0" />
* [[Kōjin]] ({{lang|ja|三宝荒神}}), is the kami of fire, the [[hearth]], and the [[kitchen]].
* [[Kōjin]] ({{lang|ja|三宝荒神}}), is the god of fire, the [[hearth]], and the [[kitchen]].
* Kajin ({{lang|ja|火神}}), is a kami of fire.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* Kajin ({{lang|ja|火神}}), is a god of fire.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* [[Kukunochi]], believed to be the ancestor of trees.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kukunochi |url=https://historyofjapan.co.uk/wiki/kukunochi/|access-date=2020-11-13|website=A History of Japan |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* [[Kukunochi]], believed to be the ancestor of trees.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kukunochi |url=https://historyofjapan.co.uk/wiki/kukunochi/|access-date=2020-11-13|website=A History of Japan |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* [[Mitsuhanome]], water kami.<ref>{{Cite web|title= Kami in Classic Texts: Mitsuhanome|url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=107|access-date=2021-01-16|website=Encyclopedia of Shinto}}</ref>
* [[Mitsuhanome]], water kami.<ref>{{Cite web|title= Kami in Classic Texts: Mitsuhanome|url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=107|access-date=2021-01-16|website=Encyclopedia of Shinto}}</ref>
* [[Moreya]] ({{lang|ja|洩矢神}})
* [[Moreya]] ({{lang|ja|洩矢神}})
* [[Nakisawame]], kami born from Izanagi's tear after his wife's death.<ref>{{Cite web|title= Kami in Classic Texts: Nakisawame|url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=111|access-date=2020-11-13|website=Encyclopedia of Shinto}}</ref>
* [[Nakisawame]], kami born from Izanagi's tear after his wife's death.<ref>{{Cite web|title= Kami in Classic Texts: Nakisawame|url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=111|access-date=2020-11-13|website=Encyclopedia of Shinto}}</ref>
* [[Nesaku]], a star kami.<ref name=":0" />
* [[Nesaku]], a star god.<ref name=":0" />
* [[Toshigami|Nigihayahi-no-mikoto]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:ニギハヤヒ|饒速日尊]]}})
* [[Toshigami|Nigihayahi-no-mikoto]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:ニギハヤヒ|饒速日尊]]}})
* [[Oshira-sama|Oshirasama]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:おしら様|おしら様]]}})
* [[Oshira-sama|Oshirasama]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:おしら様|おしら様]]}})
* [[Shinatsuhiko]], a kami of wind.<ref>{{cite web|title= Kami in Classic Texts: Shinatsuhiko|url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=139|website=Encyclopedia of Shinto}}</ref>
* [[Shinatsuhiko]], a kami of wind.<ref>{{cite web|title= Kami in Classic Texts: Shinatsuhiko|url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=139|website=Encyclopedia of Shinto}}</ref>
* [[Sukunabikona|Sukuna-Biko-Na]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:スクナビコナ|少名毘古那]]}}) A minor kami of medicine and rain, who created and solidified the land with [[Ōkuninushi]].
* [[Sukunabikona|Sukuna-Biko-Na]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:スクナビコナ|少名毘古那]]}}) A small deity of medicine and rain, who created and solidified the land with [[Ōkuninushi]].
* [[Sumiyoshi sanjin]], the kami of the sea and sailing.
* [[Sumiyoshi sanjin]], the gods of the sea and sailing.
* [[Sarutahiko Ōkami]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:サルタヒコ|猿田毘古神]]}}), a kami of the Earth that guided Ninigi to the Japanese islands.
* [[Sarutahiko Ōkami]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:サルタヒコ|猿田毘古神]]}}), a kami of the Earth that guided Ninigi to the Japanese islands.
* [[Seidai Myōjin]], kami of sports, enshrined at [[Shiramine Jingū]] in Kyoto, especially worshipped for [[kemari]] and [[association football|football]].
* [[Seidai Myōjin]], god of sports, enshrined at [[Shiramine Jingū]] in Kyoto, especially worshipped for [[kemari]] and [[association football|football]].
* [[Tajimamori]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:タヂマモリ|田道間守]]}}), kami who obtained the ''tokijiku no kagu no mi'' in ''Tokoyo-no-kuni'', and hailed as "kami of [[wagashi]]" (sweets, confections).
* [[Tajimamori]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:タヂマモリ|田道間守]]}}), god who obtained the ''tokijiku no kagu no mi'' in ''Tokoyo-no-kuni'', and hailed as "god of [[wagashi]]" (sweets, confections).
* [[Tamanoya-no-Mikoto]], a kami believed to be the creator of [[Magatama|Yasakani no Magatama]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-04-27|title=Akihito and Japan's Imperial Treasures that make a man an emperor|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47931671|access-date=2020-12-19}}</ref>
* [[Tamanoya-no-Mikoto]], a kami believed to be the creator of [[Magatama|Yasakani no Magatama]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-04-27|title=Akihito and Japan's Imperial Treasures that make a man an emperor|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47931671|access-date=2020-12-19}}</ref>
* [[Tamayori-hime (mother of Jimmu)|Tamayori-hime]], mother of [[Emperor Jimmu]].<ref>{{Cite web|title= Kami in Classic Texts: Tamayorihime|url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=152|access-date=2020-11-13|website=Encyclopedia of Shinto}}</ref>
* [[Tamayori-hime (mother of Jimmu)|Tamayori-hime]], mother of [[Emperor Jimmu]].<ref>{{Cite web|title= Kami in Classic Texts: Tamayorihime|url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=152|access-date=2020-11-13|website=Encyclopedia of Shinto}}</ref>
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* Tatsuta-hime and Tatsuta-hiko, pair of wind kami who bring forth [[autumn]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Roberts|first=Jeremy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xdfgjV2kw6oC&q=Tatsuta-hime|title=Japanese Mythology A to Z|date=2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-2802-3|language=en}}</ref>
* Tatsuta-hime and Tatsuta-hiko, pair of wind kami who bring forth [[autumn]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Roberts|first=Jeremy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xdfgjV2kw6oC&q=Tatsuta-hime|title=Japanese Mythology A to Z|date=2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-2802-3|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ta-no-Kami]] ({{lang|ja|田の神}}), is a [[kami]] who is believed to observe the harvest of rice plants or to bring a good harvest, by Japanese farmers.
* [[Ta-no-Kami]] ({{lang|ja|田の神}}), is a [[kami]] who is believed to observe the harvest of rice plants or to bring a good harvest, by Japanese farmers.
* [[Toyoukebime|Toyouke-Ōmikami]], megami of food. She is also the daughter of [[Wakumusubi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Toyo'uke – Goddess of Food worshiped at Ise|url=https://www.kokugakuin.ac.jp/en/article/133426|access-date=2020-11-14|website={{lang|ja|國學院大學}}|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Toyoukebime|Toyouke-Ōmikami]], goddess of food. She is also the daughter of [[Wakumusubi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Toyo'uke – Goddess of Food worshiped at Ise|url=https://www.kokugakuin.ac.jp/en/article/133426|access-date=2020-11-14|website={{lang|ja|國學院大學}}|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ugajin]], a harvest and fertility kami represented with the body of a snake and head of a man or woman. They may be derived from [[Ukanomitama]].
* [[Ugajin]], a harvest and fertility kami represented with the body of a snake and head of a man or woman. They may be derived from [[Ukanomitama]].
* [[Ugayafukiaezu]], the father of Japan's first emperor.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Picken|first=Stuart D. B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlG3F6gSm9UC&q=Ugayafukiaezu&pg=PA307|title=Historical Dictionary of Shinto|date=2010-12-28|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7372-8|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ugayafukiaezu]], the father of Japan's first emperor.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Picken|first=Stuart D. B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlG3F6gSm9UC&q=Ugayafukiaezu&pg=PA307|title=Historical Dictionary of Shinto|date=2010-12-28|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7372-8|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ukanomitama]], a kami associated with food and agriculture.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Roberts|first=Jeremy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xdfgjV2kw6oC&pg=PA122|title=Japanese Mythology A to Z|date=2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-2802-3|pages=119|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ukanomitama]], a kami associated with food and agriculture.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Roberts|first=Jeremy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xdfgjV2kw6oC&pg=PA122|title=Japanese Mythology A to Z|date=2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-2802-3|pages=119|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ukemochi]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:保食神|保食神]]}}), is considered a megami of food. After she vomited, she was killed by a disgusted Tsukuyomi or Susanoo.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Coulter|first1=Charles Russell|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sEIngqiKOugC&q=Uke+mochi&pg=PA482|title=Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities|last2=Turner|first2=Patricia|date=2013-07-04|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-96390-3|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ukemochi]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:保食神|保食神]]}}), is considered a goddess of food. After she vomited, she was killed by a disgusted Tsukuyomi or Susanoo.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Coulter|first1=Charles Russell|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sEIngqiKOugC&q=Uke+mochi&pg=PA482|title=Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities|last2=Turner|first2=Patricia|date=2013-07-04|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-96390-3|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Watatsumi]] is considered by some traditions to be the same kami as [[Ryujin]].<ref name="Ryujin"/>
* [[Watatsumi]] is considered by some traditions to be the same god as [[Ryujin]].<ref name="Ryujin"/>
* [[Wakumusubi]], a kami of agriculture.
* [[Wakumusubi]], a kami of agriculture.
* [[Wakahiru-me]], a kami of the rising sun,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Roberts|first=Jeremy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xdfgjV2kw6oC&dq=Wakahirume&pg=PA122|title=Japanese Mythology A to Z|date=2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-2802-3|pages=122|language=en}}</ref> considered the daughter or younger sister of [[Amaterasu]].<ref name=":02">{{cite web|date=|title= Kami in Classic Texts: Wakahirume|url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=169|publisher=Eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp|access-date=2021-03-07}}</ref>
* [[Wakahiru-me]], a kami of the rising sun,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Roberts|first=Jeremy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xdfgjV2kw6oC&dq=Wakahirume&pg=PA122|title=Japanese Mythology A to Z|date=2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-2802-3|pages=122|language=en}}</ref> considered the daughter or younger sister of [[Amaterasu]].<ref name=":02">{{cite web|date=|title= Kami in Classic Texts: Wakahirume|url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=169|publisher=Eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp|access-date=2021-03-07}}</ref>
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{{Main articles|Yama-no-Kami}}
{{Main articles|Yama-no-Kami}}


* [[Konohanasakuya-hime]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:コノハナノサクヤビメ|木花之開耶姫]]}}), the wife of [[Ninigi-no-Mikoto|Ninigi]] and daughter of [[Ōyamatsumi]], and great-grandmother of Jimmu. She is also known as the megami of [[Mount Fuji]].<ref>{{Cite web|title= Kami in Classic Texts: Konohanasakuyahime|url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=93|access-date=2020-11-13|website=Encyclopedia of Shinto}}</ref>
* [[Konohanasakuya-hime]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:コノハナノサクヤビメ|木花之開耶姫]]}}), the wife of [[Ninigi-no-Mikoto|Ninigi]] and daughter of [[Ōyamatsumi]], and great-grandmother of Jimmu. She is also known as the goddess of [[Mount Fuji]].<ref>{{Cite web|title= Kami in Classic Texts: Konohanasakuyahime|url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=93|access-date=2020-11-13|website=Encyclopedia of Shinto}}</ref>
* [[Ōyamatsumi]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:オオヤマツミ|大山積神]]}}), an elder brother of Amaterasu, and an important kami of mountains. Also, the father of [[Konohanasakuya-hime]].
* [[Ōyamatsumi]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:オオヤマツミ|大山積神]]}}), an elder brother of Amaterasu, and an important god of mountains. Also, the father of [[Konohanasakuya-hime]].
* [[Omonoimi no Kami]] ( 大物忌神), kami of [[Mount Chōkai]], worshipped at [[Chōkaisan Ōmonoimi Shrine]], identified with [[Toyouke-hime]]
* [[Omonoimi no Kami]] ( 大物忌神), god of [[Mount Chōkai]], worshipped at [[Chōkaisan Ōmonoimi Shrine]], identified with [[Toyouke-hime]]


== People worshipped as kami ==
== People worshipped as kami ==
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* [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] ({{lang|ja|徳川家康}}) enshrined at [[Nikkō Tōshō-gū]] and similar shrines.
* [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] ({{lang|ja|徳川家康}}) enshrined at [[Nikkō Tōshō-gū]] and similar shrines.
* [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] ({{lang|ja|豊臣秀吉}}) enshrined at [[Toyokuni Shrine (Kyoto)|Toyokuni-jinja]].
* [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] ({{lang|ja|豊臣秀吉}}) enshrined at [[Toyokuni Shrine (Kyoto)|Toyokuni-jinja]].
*[[Tenjin (kami)|Tenjin]] ({{lang|ja|天神}}) The kami of scholarship, he is the deified [[Sugawara no Michizane]]. Subsequent disasters in [[Kyoto|Heiankyo]] were attributed to his angered spirit.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sugawara Michizane {{!}} Japanese scholar and statesman|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sugawara-Michizane|access-date=2020-11-25|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref>
*[[Tenjin (kami)|Tenjin]] ({{lang|ja|天神}}) The god of scholarship, he is the deified [[Sugawara no Michizane]]. Subsequent disasters in [[Kyoto|Heiankyo]] were attributed to his angered spirit.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sugawara Michizane {{!}} Japanese scholar and statesman|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sugawara-Michizane|access-date=2020-11-25|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref>
*[[Oda Nobunaga]] ({{lang|ja|織田信長}}) enshrined at [[Kenkun-jinja]].
*[[Oda Nobunaga]] ({{lang|ja|織田信長}}) enshrined at [[Kenkun-jinja]].
*[[Emperor Jimmu]] ({{lang|ja|神武天皇}}) the first emperor. Enshrined at [[Kashihara Shrine]].
*[[Emperor Jimmu]] ({{lang|ja|神武天皇}}) the first emperor. Enshrined at [[Kashihara Shrine]].
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* [[Idaten]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:韋駄天|韋駄天]]}}), guardian of Buddhist monasteries and monks.
* [[Idaten]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:韋駄天|韋駄天]]}}), guardian of Buddhist monasteries and monks.
* [[Jizō]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:地蔵|地蔵]]}}), a [[Bodhisattva]] known as the protector of the vulnerable, especially children, travelers, and expectant mothers. He is also regarded as the patron deity of deceased children and aborted fetuses and the savior of hell-beings. His statues are a common sight, especially by roadsides and in graveyards.
* [[Jizō]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:地蔵|地蔵]]}}), a [[Bodhisattva]] known as the protector of the vulnerable, especially children, travelers, and expectant mothers. He is also regarded as the patron deity of deceased children and aborted fetuses and the savior of hell-beings. His statues are a common sight, especially by roadsides and in graveyards.
* [[Kangiten]], ''[[Deva (Buddhism)|deva]]'' of bliss.
* [[Kangiten]], god (''[[Deva (Buddhism)|deva]]'') of bliss.
* [[Kannon]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:観音|観音]]}}), a [[Bodhisattva]] associated with compassion. Commonly known in English as the "Goddess of Mercy."
* [[Kannon]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:観音|観音]]}}), a [[Bodhisattva]] associated with compassion. Commonly known in English as the "Goddess of Mercy."
* [[Yakushi Nyorai]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:薬師如来|薬師如来]]}}), a [[Buddhahood|Buddha]] known for healing and medicine.
* [[Yakushi Nyorai]] ({{lang|ja|[[:ja:薬師如来|薬師如来]]}}), a [[Buddhahood|Buddha]] known for healing and medicine.


==Seven Lucky Kami==
==Seven Lucky Gods==
{{Main|Seven Lucky Gods}}
{{Main|Seven Lucky Gods}}
[[File:Yoshitoshi The Seven Lucky Gods.jpg|thumb|''The Seven Lucky Gods'' (by [[Yoshitoshi]])]]
[[File:Yoshitoshi The Seven Lucky Gods.jpg|thumb|''The Seven Lucky Gods'' (by [[Yoshitoshi]])]]


The {{nihongo|Seven Lucky Kami|{{lang|ja|七福神}}|Shichi Fukujin}} are:
The {{nihongo|Seven Lucky Gods|{{lang|ja|七福神}}|Shichi Fukujin}} are:
*[[Benzaiten]] ({{lang|ja|弁才天}} or {{lang|ja|弁財天}}) Also known as Benten or Benzaitennyo, she is the megami of everything that flows: words (and knowledge, by extension), speech, eloquence, and music. Said to be the third daughter of the dragon-king of Munetsuchi, over the course of years, she has gone from being a protective deity of Japan to one who bestows good fortune upon the state and its people. She was derived from [[Saraswati]], the equivalent Hindu goddess.<ref>Catherine Ludvik (2001), From Sarasvati to Benzaiten, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Toronto, National Library of Canada; [https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/15465/1/NQ58639.pdf PDF Download]</ref>
*[[Benzaiten]] ({{lang|ja|弁才天}} or {{lang|ja|弁財天}}) Also known as Benten or Benzaitennyo, she is the goddess of everything that flows: words (and knowledge, by extension), speech, eloquence, and music. Said to be the third daughter of the dragon-king of Munetsuchi, over the course of years, she has gone from being a protective deity of Japan to one who bestows good fortune upon the state and its people. She was derived from [[Saraswati]], the equivalent Hindu goddess.<ref>Catherine Ludvik (2001), From Sarasvati to Benzaiten, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Toronto, National Library of Canada; [https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/15465/1/NQ58639.pdf PDF Download]</ref>
*[[Vaisravana|Bishamonten]] ({{lang|ja|毘沙門天}}) Also called Bishamon or Tamonten, he is the kami of fortunate [[warrior]]s and guards, as well as the punisher of [[criminal]]s. Said to live halfway down the side of [[Mount Sumeru]], the small [[pagoda]] he carries symbolizes the divine treasure house that he both guards and gives away its contents. Bishamonten is the Japanese equivalent of the Indian [[Kubera]] and the Buddhist [[Vaiśravaṇa|Vaishravana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bishamon {{!}} Japanese god|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bishamon|access-date=2021-09-08|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=lokapala {{!}} Definition & Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/lokapala|access-date=2021-09-08|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref>
*[[Vaisravana|Bishamonten]] ({{lang|ja|毘沙門天}}) Also called Bishamon or Tamonten, he is the god of fortunate [[warrior]]s and guards, as well as the punisher of [[criminal]]s. Said to live halfway down the side of [[Mount Sumeru]], the small [[pagoda]] he carries symbolizes the divine treasure house that he both guards and gives away its contents. Bishamonten is the Japanese equivalent of the Indian [[Kubera]] and the Buddhist [[Vaiśravaṇa|Vaishravana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bishamon {{!}} Japanese god|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bishamon|access-date=2021-09-08|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=lokapala {{!}} Definition & Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/lokapala|access-date=2021-09-08|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref>
*[[Daikokuten]] ({{lang|ja|大黒天}}) Often shortened to simply Daikoku, he is variously considered to be the kami of [[wealth]] (more specifically, the [[harvest]]), or of the [[household]] (particularly the kitchen). He is recognized by his wide face, smile, and flat black hat. He is often portrayed holding a golden [[mallet]], seated on bales of [[rice]], with [[mouse|mice]] nearby (which signify plentiful food). He was derived from [[Mahākāla]], the buddhist version of the Hindu deity [[Shiva]].
*[[Daikokuten]] ({{lang|ja|大黒天}}) Often shortened to simply Daikoku, he is variously considered to be the god of [[wealth]] (more specifically, the [[harvest]]), or of the [[household]] (particularly the kitchen). He is recognized by his wide face, smile, and flat black hat. He is often portrayed holding a golden [[mallet]], seated on bales of [[rice]], with [[mouse|mice]] nearby (which signify plentiful food). He was derived from [[Mahākāla]], the buddhist version of the Hindu deity [[Shiva]].
*[[Ebisu (mythology)|Ebisu]] ({{lang|ja|恵比須}}, {{lang|ja|恵比寿}}, {{lang|ja|夷}} or {{lang|ja|戎}}) The sole member of the kami believed to have originated in Japan, he was originally known as Hiruko ({{lang|ja|蛭子}}), the first child of Izanagi and Izanami. Said to be born without bones, he eventually overcame his handicaps to become the mirthful and auspicious Ebisu (hence one of his titles, "The Laughing kami"). He is often depicted holding a rod and a large [[Pagrus major|red sea bream]] or [[Suzuki (fish)|sea bass]]. [[Jellyfish]] are also associated with this kami, and the [[fugu]] restaurants of Japan will often incorporate Yebisu in their motif.
*[[Ebisu (mythology)|Ebisu]] ({{lang|ja|恵比須}}, {{lang|ja|恵比寿}}, {{lang|ja|夷}} or {{lang|ja|戎}}) The sole member of the gods believed to have originated in Japan, he was originally known as Hiruko ({{lang|ja|蛭子}}), the first child of Izanagi and Izanami. Said to be born without bones, he eventually overcame his handicaps to become the mirthful and auspicious Ebisu (hence one of his titles, "The Laughing God"). He is often depicted holding a rod and a large [[Pagrus major|red sea bream]] or [[Suzuki (fish)|sea bass]]. [[Jellyfish]] are also associated with this god, and the [[fugu]] restaurants of Japan will often incorporate Yebisu in their motif.
*[[Fukurokuju]] ({{lang|ja|福禄寿}}) Often confused with Jurōjin, he is the kami of [[wisdom]] and [[longevity]] and said to be an incarnation of the [[Pole star|Southern Polestar]]. He is a star kami accompanied by a [[Crane (bird)|crane]] and a [[turtle]], which are considered to be symbols of longevity, and also sometimes accompanied by a black [[deer]]. The sacred book tied to his staff is said to contain the lifespan of every person on Earth.
*[[Fukurokuju]] ({{lang|ja|福禄寿}}) Often confused with Jurōjin, he is the god of [[wisdom]] and [[longevity]] and said to be an incarnation of the [[Pole star|Southern Polestar]]. He is a star god accompanied by a [[Crane (bird)|crane]] and a [[turtle]], which are considered to be symbols of longevity, and also sometimes accompanied by a black [[deer]]. The sacred book tied to his staff is said to contain the lifespan of every person on Earth.
*[[Budai|Hotei]] ({{lang|ja|布袋}}) Best known in the Western world as the Laughing Buddha, Hotei is likely the most popular of the kami. His image graces many [[temple]]s, [[restaurant]]s and [[amulet]]s. Originally based on a [[China|Chinese]] [[Ch'an|Chan]] monk, Hotei has become a deity of [[Wiktionary:contentment|contentment]] and abundance.
*[[Budai|Hotei]] ({{lang|ja|布袋}}) Best known in the Western world as the Laughing Buddha, Hotei is likely the most popular of the gods. His image graces many [[temple]]s, [[restaurant]]s and [[amulet]]s. Originally based on a [[China|Chinese]] [[Ch'an|Chan]] monk, Hotei has become a deity of [[Wiktionary:contentment|contentment]] and abundance.
*[[Juroujin|Jurōjin]] ({{lang|ja|寿老人}}) Also known as Gama, he represents [[longevity]]. He is often seen with a fan and a staff and accompanied by a black deer.
*[[Juroujin|Jurōjin]] ({{lang|ja|寿老人}}) Also known as Gama, he represents [[longevity]]. He is often seen with a fan and a staff and accompanied by a black deer.


The megami [[Kisshōten|Kichijōten]] ({{lang|ja|吉祥天}}), also known as Kisshoutennyo, is sometimes considered to be one of the seven kami,<ref name="Philadelphia Museum of Art">{{cite web | url=http://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/305645.html | title=Kisshōten (Kichijōten) | access-date=14 December 2015}}</ref> replacing either [[Juroujin|Jurōjin]] or [[Fukurokuju]].<ref name="Butsuzōzui077" /> She embodies [[happiness]], [[fertility]] and [[beauty]]. Daikoku sometimes manifests as a female known as Daikokunyo ({{lang|ja|大黒女}}) or Daikokutennyo ({{lang|ja|大黒天女}}).<ref name="Butsuzōzui059">{{cite web|title=Butsuzōzui (Illustrated Compendium of Buddhist Images)|url=http://www.lib.ehime-u.ac.jp/SUZUKA/316/index.html|location=Ehime University Library|page=(059.jpg)|language=ja|format=digital photos|date=1796}}</ref> When Kisshoutennyo is counted among the [[Seven Lucky Gods|seven Fukujin]]<ref name="Butsuzōzui077">{{cite web|title=Butsuzōzui (Illustrated Compendium of Buddhist Images)|url=http://www.lib.ehime-u.ac.jp/SUZUKA/316/index.html|location=Ehime University Library|page=(077.jpg)|language=ja|format=digital photos|date=1796}}</ref> and Daikoku is regarded in feminine form,<ref name="Butsuzōzui059" /> all three of the Hindu [[Tridevi]] goddesses are represented in the Fukujin.
The goddess [[Kisshōten|Kichijōten]] ({{lang|ja|吉祥天}}), also known as Kisshoutennyo, is sometimes considered to be one of the seven gods,<ref name="Philadelphia Museum of Art">{{cite web | url=http://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/305645.html | title=Kisshōten (Kichijōten) | access-date=14 December 2015}}</ref> replacing either [[Juroujin|Jurōjin]] or [[Fukurokuju]].<ref name="Butsuzōzui077" /> She embodies [[happiness]], [[fertility]] and [[beauty]]. Daikoku sometimes manifests as a female known as Daikokunyo ({{lang|ja|大黒女}}) or Daikokutennyo ({{lang|ja|大黒天女}}).<ref name="Butsuzōzui059">{{cite web|title=Butsuzōzui (Illustrated Compendium of Buddhist Images)|url=http://www.lib.ehime-u.ac.jp/SUZUKA/316/index.html|location=Ehime University Library|page=(059.jpg)|language=ja|format=digital photos|date=1796}}</ref> When Kisshoutennyo is counted among the [[Seven Lucky Gods|seven Fukujin]]<ref name="Butsuzōzui077">{{cite web|title=Butsuzōzui (Illustrated Compendium of Buddhist Images)|url=http://www.lib.ehime-u.ac.jp/SUZUKA/316/index.html|location=Ehime University Library|page=(077.jpg)|language=ja|format=digital photos|date=1796}}</ref> and Daikoku is regarded in feminine form,<ref name="Butsuzōzui059" /> all three of the Hindu [[Tridevi]] goddesses are represented in the Fukujin.


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 08:59, 31 May 2024

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Shinto
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This is a list of divinities native to Japanese beliefs and religious traditions. Many of these are from Shinto, while others were imported via Buddhism or Taoism and were "integrated" into Japanese mythology and folklore.

Kotoamatsukami

Further information: Kotoamatsukami

Major kami

The Amaterasu-Ōmikami emerges from the Heavenly Rock Cave Shunsai Toshimasa [ja] (春斎年昌)
  • Amaterasu-Ōmikami (天照大神), she is the goddess of the sun as well as the purported ancestress of the Imperial Household of Japan. Her name means "Shines from Heaven" or "the great kami who shine Heaven". For many reasons, one among them being her ties to the Imperial family, she is often considered (though not officially) to be the "primary god" of Shinto.[1][2]
  • Ame-no-Uzume (天宇受売命 or 天鈿女命) Commonly called Uzume, she is the goddess of dawn and revelry in Shinto.[3]
  • Fūjin (風神) Also known as Kaze-no-kami, he is the Japanese god of the wind and one of the eldest Shinto gods, said to have been present at the creation of the world. He is often depicted as an oni with a bag slung over his back.
  • Hachiman (八幡神) is the god of war and the divine protector of Japan and its people. Originally an agricultural deity, he later became the guardian of the Minamoto clan. His symbolic animal and messenger is the dove.
  • Inari Ōkami (稲荷大神) The god or goddess of rice and fertility. Their messengers and symbolic animal are foxes. They are often identified with Ukanomitama and Buddhist deity Dakiniten.[4]
  • Ninigi-no-Mikoto (瓊瓊杵尊) Commonly called Ninigi, he was the grandson of Amaterasu. His great-grandson was Kan'yamato Iwarebiko, later known as Emperor Jimmu, the first emperor of Japan.
  • Ōmononushi (大物主神) in the Nihongi, Ōmononushi was considered an alternate name for Ōkuninushi. But, it appears that the two were separate kami.[5]
  • Ōkuninushi (大国主) A god of nation-building, farming, business, and medicine.
  • Omoikane (思兼) The deity of wisdom and intelligence, who is always called upon to "ponder" and give good counsel in the deliberations of the heavenly deities.
  • Raijin (雷神) is the god of thunder and lightning and is often paired with Fūjin. As with the latter, Raijin is usually depicted as an oni.
  • Ryūjin (龍神) Some traditions consider him and Ōwatatsumi as the same god. He is a dragon, as well as god of the sea.[6]
  • Suijin (水神) The god of water.
  • Susanoo-no-Mikoto (須佐之男命 or 素戔嗚尊) is a god of storms, as well as the ruler of the sea in some cases. He is also somewhat of a trickster god, as Japanese mythology extensively documents the "sibling rivalry" between him and Amaterasu. Susanoo was also responsible for the slaying of the monster Yamata no Orochi and the subsequent discovery of the sacred sword Kusanagi.[7]
  • Takemikazuchi, (建御雷/武甕槌) known as a god of thunder and the god of swords.
  • Takeminakata, (建御名方) god of wind, water and agriculture, as well as a patron of hunting and warfare.
  • Toyotama-hime (豊玉姫) was the daughter of Ryūjin and the grandmother of Emperor Jimmu. It is said that after she gave birth to her son, she turned into a dragon and disappeared.
  • Tsukuyomi-no-Mikoto (月読命 or 月夜見尊) is the god of the moon. He killed Ukemochi, out of disgust and anger in the way she had prepared a meal. This caused Amaterasu never to face him again, causing the sun and moon to be in different parts of the sky.
  • Yatagarasu (八咫烏) is an incarnation of the sun and the guide of Emperor Jimmu.

Kamiyonanayo

Main article: Kamiyonanayo
  • Izanagi: (伊邪那岐神) was a creation deity; he makes up the seventh generation of the Kamiyonanayo, along with his wife and sister, Izanami.[8]
    Izanagi and Izanami on the Floating Bridge of Heaven (by William George Aston)
  • Izanami: (伊邪那美神) was a creation deity; she makes up the seventh generation of the Kamiyonanayo, along with her husband and brother, Izanagi.[8]
  • Kuninotokotachi (国之常立神) was a deity classified as a hitorigami. He was, by himself, the first generation of the Kamiyonanayo. He was considered one of the first two gods, according to the Kojiki, or one of the first three gods, according to the Nihongi.[9]
  • Omodaru and Ayakashikone: (淤母陀琉神 and 阿夜訶志古泥神) Sixth generation of the Kamiyonanayo.[10]
  • Otonoji and Otonobe: (意富斗能地神 and 大斗乃弁神) Fifth generation of the Kamiyonanayo.
  • Toyokumono: (豊雲野神) was a hitorigami, and constituted the second generation of the Kamiyonanayo.
  • Tsunuguhi and Ikuguhi: (角杙神 and 活杙神) Fourth generation of the Kamiyonanayo.
  • Uhijini and Suhijini: (宇比邇神 and 須比智邇神) Third generation of the Kamiyonanayo.

Minor kami

Yama-no-Kami

Main article: Yama-no-Kami

People worshipped as kami

Main article: List of people who have been considered deities

This section includes historical people worshipped as kami.

All Emperors and Empresses of Japan are technically worshipped because of their descent from Amaterasu Ōmikami, but there are many esteemed and highly revered ones who are not enshrined.

Buddhism

Further information: Japanese Buddhist pantheon
  • Aizen Myō-ō (愛染明王), a Wisdom King known to transform earthly desires (love/lust) into spiritual awakening.
  • Amida Nyorai (無量光佛 or 無量壽佛), commonly referred to as Amida-butsu (阿弥陀如来), he is the primary Buddha of the Pure Land school of Buddhism. He is believed to possess infinite meritorious qualities and is known as the "Lord of the Beyond and the Afterlife." He is one of the Five Dhyani Buddhas.
  • Daruma (達磨), traditionally held in Buddhist mythology to be the founder of Zen Buddhism, as well as the founder of Shaolin Kung Fu. One legend reports that after years of facing a wall in meditation, Bodhidharma's legs and arms fall off due to atrophy. Daruma dolls were created in honor of this legend.
  • Fudō Myōō (不動明王), a fierce and wrathful Wisdom King who protects all by burning away impediments and defilements, and aiding them towards enlightenment.
  • Idaten (韋駄天), guardian of Buddhist monasteries and monks.
  • Jizō (地蔵), a Bodhisattva known as the protector of the vulnerable, especially children, travelers, and expectant mothers. He is also regarded as the patron deity of deceased children and aborted fetuses and the savior of hell-beings. His statues are a common sight, especially by roadsides and in graveyards.
  • Kangiten, god (deva) of bliss.
  • Kannon (観音), a Bodhisattva associated with compassion. Commonly known in English as the "Goddess of Mercy."
  • Yakushi Nyorai (薬師如来), a Buddha known for healing and medicine.

Seven Lucky Gods

Main article: Seven Lucky Gods
The Seven Lucky Gods (by Yoshitoshi)

The Seven Lucky Gods (七福神, Shichi Fukujin) are:

  • Benzaiten (弁才天 or 弁財天) Also known as Benten or Benzaitennyo, she is the goddess of everything that flows: words (and knowledge, by extension), speech, eloquence, and music. Said to be the third daughter of the dragon-king of Munetsuchi, over the course of years, she has gone from being a protective deity of Japan to one who bestows good fortune upon the state and its people. She was derived from Saraswati, the equivalent Hindu goddess.[38]
  • Bishamonten (毘沙門天) Also called Bishamon or Tamonten, he is the god of fortunate warriors and guards, as well as the punisher of criminals. Said to live halfway down the side of Mount Sumeru, the small pagoda he carries symbolizes the divine treasure house that he both guards and gives away its contents. Bishamonten is the Japanese equivalent of the Indian Kubera and the Buddhist Vaishravana.[39][40]
  • Daikokuten (大黒天) Often shortened to simply Daikoku, he is variously considered to be the god of wealth (more specifically, the harvest), or of the household (particularly the kitchen). He is recognized by his wide face, smile, and flat black hat. He is often portrayed holding a golden mallet, seated on bales of rice, with mice nearby (which signify plentiful food). He was derived from Mahākāla, the buddhist version of the Hindu deity Shiva.
  • Ebisu (恵比須, 恵比寿, 夷 or 戎) The sole member of the gods believed to have originated in Japan, he was originally known as Hiruko (蛭子), the first child of Izanagi and Izanami. Said to be born without bones, he eventually overcame his handicaps to become the mirthful and auspicious Ebisu (hence one of his titles, "The Laughing God"). He is often depicted holding a rod and a large red sea bream or sea bass. Jellyfish are also associated with this god, and the fugu restaurants of Japan will often incorporate Yebisu in their motif.
  • Fukurokuju (福禄寿) Often confused with Jurōjin, he is the god of wisdom and longevity and said to be an incarnation of the Southern Polestar. He is a star god accompanied by a crane and a turtle, which are considered to be symbols of longevity, and also sometimes accompanied by a black deer. The sacred book tied to his staff is said to contain the lifespan of every person on Earth.
  • Hotei (布袋) Best known in the Western world as the Laughing Buddha, Hotei is likely the most popular of the gods. His image graces many temples, restaurants and amulets. Originally based on a Chinese Chan monk, Hotei has become a deity of contentment and abundance.
  • Jurōjin (寿老人) Also known as Gama, he represents longevity. He is often seen with a fan and a staff and accompanied by a black deer.

The goddess Kichijōten (吉祥天), also known as Kisshoutennyo, is sometimes considered to be one of the seven gods,[41] replacing either Jurōjin or Fukurokuju.[42] She embodies happiness, fertility and beauty. Daikoku sometimes manifests as a female known as Daikokunyo (大黒女) or Daikokutennyo (大黒天女).[43] When Kisshoutennyo is counted among the seven Fukujin[42] and Daikoku is regarded in feminine form,[43] all three of the Hindu Tridevi goddesses are represented in the Fukujin.

See also

References

  1. ^ Coulter, Charles Russell; Turner, Patricia (2013-07-04). Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-96397-2.
  2. ^ "Amaterasu". Mythopedia. Retrieved 2020-10-13.
  3. ^ "Ame-no-Uzume". Mythopedia. Retrieved 2020-10-13.
  4. ^ "Japanese Gods". Mythopedia. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  5. ^ "Kami in Classic Texts: Ōmononushi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Archived from the original on Oct 25, 2020. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  6. ^ a b Cartwright, Mark (28 June 2017). "Ryujin". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  7. ^ "Susanoo | Description & Mythology". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
  8. ^ a b Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A. Cosimo, Inc. 2008-01-01. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-60520-145-0.
  9. ^ Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A. Cosimo, Inc. 2008-01-01. ISBN 978-1-60520-145-0.
  10. ^ "Kami in Classic Texts: Omodaru, Ayakashikone". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Archived from the original on Jan 22, 2021. Retrieved 2021-01-17.
  11. ^ "Kami in Classic Texts: Amatsumara". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
  12. ^ Herbert, Jean (2010-10-18). Shinto: At the Fountainhead of Japan. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-90376-2.
  13. ^ Mori Mizue (April 21, 2005). "Kami in Classic Texts: Amenohohi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Archived from the original on Sep 22, 2020. Retrieved 2020-09-28.
  14. ^ Mori Mizue (April 21, 2005). "Amenokoyane". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Archived from the original on Oct 7, 2018.
  15. ^ Kadoya Atsushi (2005). "Kami in Classic Texts: Tajikarao". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Archived from the original on Jun 4, 2012. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  16. ^ "Kami in Classic Texts: Futodama". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
  17. ^ "Shinto Portal - IJCC, Kokugakuin University".
  18. ^ Bocking, Brian (2005-09-30). A Popular Dictionary of Shinto. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79739-3.
  19. ^ "Kami in Classic Texts: Kawanokami". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  20. ^ "Kami in Classic Texts: Kagutsuchi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
  21. ^ a b c Holiday, Frederick (2021-07-09). World Mythology Lite. Frederick Holiday. p. 158.
  22. ^ "Kukunochi". A History of Japan. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  23. ^ "Kami in Classic Texts: Mitsuhanome". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
  24. ^ "Kami in Classic Texts: Nakisawame". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  25. ^ "Kami in Classic Texts: Shinatsuhiko". Encyclopedia of Shinto.
  26. ^ "Akihito and Japan's Imperial Treasures that make a man an emperor". BBC News. 2019-04-27. Retrieved 2020-12-19.
  27. ^ "Kami in Classic Texts: Tamayorihime". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  28. ^ Hartz, Paula (2014-05-14). Shinto. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4381-1679-2.
  29. ^ Roberts, Jeremy (2009). Japanese Mythology A to Z. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4381-2802-3.
  30. ^ "Toyo'uke – Goddess of Food worshiped at Ise". 國學院大學. Retrieved 2020-11-14.
  31. ^ Picken, Stuart D. B. (2010-12-28). Historical Dictionary of Shinto. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7372-8.
  32. ^ Roberts, Jeremy (2009). Japanese Mythology A to Z. Infobase Publishing. p. 119. ISBN 978-1-4381-2802-3.
  33. ^ Coulter, Charles Russell; Turner, Patricia (2013-07-04). Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-96390-3.
  34. ^ Roberts, Jeremy (2009). Japanese Mythology A to Z. Infobase Publishing. p. 122. ISBN 978-1-4381-2802-3.
  35. ^ "Kami in Classic Texts: Wakahirume". Eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
  36. ^ "Kami in Classic Texts: Konohanasakuyahime". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  37. ^ "Sugawara Michizane | Japanese scholar and statesman". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-11-25.
  38. ^ Catherine Ludvik (2001), From Sarasvati to Benzaiten, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Toronto, National Library of Canada; PDF Download
  39. ^ "Bishamon | Japanese god". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  40. ^ "lokapala | Definition & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  41. ^ "Kisshōten (Kichijōten)". Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  42. ^ a b "Butsuzōzui (Illustrated Compendium of Buddhist Images)" (digital photos) (in Japanese). Ehime University Library. 1796. p. (077.jpg).
  43. ^ a b "Butsuzōzui (Illustrated Compendium of Buddhist Images)" (digital photos) (in Japanese). Ehime University Library. 1796. p. (059.jpg).

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