Politics of Nigeria: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 02:07, 2 November 2007
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 Nigeria portal |
Politics of Nigeria take place in a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Nigeria (Umaru Musa Yar'Adua) is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of the legislature, the House of Representatives and the Senate. Nigerian senate is the upper chamber of the legislative house while the house of representatives is the lower house; together they make up the law-making body in Nigeria called the National Assembly. The highest judiciary arm of government in Nigeria in the form of a court is the Supreme Court of Nigeria. Nigeria also practices Baron de Montesquieu's theory of separation of powers. The National Assembly serves as a watchdog to the excesses of the executive arm of government.
Republicanism in Nigeria
- Nigerian First Republic (1963 - 1966)
- Nigerian Second Republic (1979 - 1983)
- Nigerian Third Republic (1993)
- Nigerian Fourth Republic (1999 - present)
Executive branch
The president is elected by the people. He is both the chief of state and head of government and heads the Federal Executive Council.
The executive branch is divided into the following Ministries:[1] [2] [3]
Federal Executive Council (Cabinet)
| OFFICE | NAME | TERM | |
| President | Umaru Yar'Adua | 2007–incumbent | |
| Vice President | Goodluck Jonathan | 2007–incumbent | |
| Secretary to the Federal Government | Baba Gana Kingibe | 2007–incumbent | |
| Minister of Agriculture and Water Resources | Abba Ruma | 2007–incumbent | |
| Minister of Aviation | Unknown | ||
| Minister of Commerce & Industry | Charles Ugwuh | 2007–incumbent | |
| Minister of Defence | Mahmud Ahmed | 2007–incumbent | |
| Minister of Education | Igwe Aja-Nwachukwu | 2007–incumbent | |
| Minister of Energy (Petroleum, Power, and Gas) | Under Main Control of the President | ||
| Minister of Environment and Housing | Halima Alao | 2007–incumbent | |
| Minister of FCT Administration | Aliyu Umar | 2007–incumbent | |
| Minister of Finance | Shamsudeen Usman | 2007–incumbent | |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | Ojo Maduekwe | 2007–incumbent | |
| Minister of Health | Adenike Grange | 2007–incumbent | |
| Minister of Information and Communication | John Odey | 2007–incumbent | |
| Minister of the Interior | Godwin Abbe | 2007–incumbent | |
| Minister of Justice (Attorney General) | Micheal Aondoakaa | 2007–incumbent | |
| Minister of Labour | Hassan Lawal | 2007–incumbent | |
| Minister of Mines and Steel Development | Sarafa Isola | 2007–incumbent | |
| Minister of Science and Technology | Grace Ekpiwhre | 2007–incumbent | |
| Minister of Transportation | Diezani Alison-Madueke | 2007–incumbent | |
| Minister of Tourism, Culture and National Orientation | Adetokunbo Kayode | 2007–incumbent | |
| Minister of Youth Development | Akinlabi Olasunkanmi | 2007–incumbent | |
| Minister of Women Affairs | Saudatu Bungudu | 2007–incumbent | |
| Minister/Deputy Chairman National Planning Commission | Sanusi Daggash | 2007–incumbent | |
| Minister/Chairman, National Sports Commission | Abdulrahman Gimba | 2007–incumbent | |
* Ministers have been sworn into office as of July 26, 2007. * Please Note that State Ministers were sworn in also
Legislative branch
The National Assembly of Nigeria has two chambers. The House of Representatives is presided upon by the Speaker of the House of Representatives. It has 360 members, elected for a four year term in single-seat constituencies. The Senate is presided upon by the President of the Senate. It has 109 members, elected for a four year term in 36 three-seat constituencies (corresponding to the country's 36 states) and one seat in a single-seat constituency (the federal capital, Abuja).
| OFFICE | NAME | TERM |
| President of the Senate | David Mark | 2007–incumbent |
| Speaker of the House of Representatives | Dimeji Bankole | 2007–incumbent |
Judicial Branch
The judicial branch consists mainly of the Supreme Court of Nigeria, which the highest court in the land. It is presided upon by the Chief Justice of Nigeria and thirteen associate justices, appointed by the President of Nigeria on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council and subject to confirmation by the Senate.
| OFFICE | NAME | TERM |
| Chief Justice | Idris Legbo Kutigi | 2007–incumbent |
| Associate Justice | Sylvester Umaru Onu | 1993–incumbent |
| Associate Justice | A. I. Katsina-Alu | 1998–incumbent |
| Associate Justice | Umaru Atu Kalgo | 1998–incumbent |
| Associate Justice | Niki Tobi | 2002–incumbent |
| Associate Justice | Dahiru Musdapher | 2003–incumbent |
| Associate Justice | G. A. Oguntade | 2004–incumbent |
| Associate Justice | Sunday A. Akintan | 2004–incumbent |
| Associate Justice | A. M. Mukhtar | 2005–incumbent |
| Associate Justice | Mahmud Mohammed | 2005–incumbent |
| Associate Justice | Walter Samuel Nkanu Onnoghen | 2005–incumbent |
| Associate Justice | Ikechi Francis Ogbuagu | 2005–incumbent |
| Associate Justice | F. F. Tabai | 1999–incumbent |
| Associate Justice | Ibrahim Tanko Muhammad | 2007–incumbent |
Political parties and elections
Template:Nigerian presidential election, 2007 Template:Nigerian legislative election, 2003
Legal system
There are four distinct systems of law in Nigeria. English Law which is derived from its colonial past with Britain, common law, constitutional law (both a development of its post colonial independence), and Sharia law, used only in the predominantly Hausa and Muslim north of the country. Like the United States, there is a Judicial branch with a Supreme Court which is regarded as the highest court of the land.
Administrative divisions
The federation is divided in 36 states and 1 territory*; Federal Capital Territory (Abuja)*, Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara
Each state is further divided into Local Government Areas (LGAs). There are 774 LGAs in Nigeria.[4] For each state they are listed in the article for that state. Kano State has the largest number of LGAs at 44, and Bayelsa State has the fewest at 9. The Federal Capital Territory of Abuja has 6 LGAs.[4] The Local Government Areas replaced the Districts that were the third tier administrative unit under the British government.
Military
The military of Nigeria has played a major role in the country's history, often seizing control of the country and ruling it through major periods of its history. Its last period of rule ended in 1999 following the death of the leader of the previous military junta Sani Abacha in 1998.
Active duty personnel in the three Nigerian armed services is total approximately 76,000. The Nigerian Army, the largest of the services, has about 60,000 personnel deployed in two mechanized infantry divisions, one composite division (airborne and amphibious), the Lagos Garrison Command (a division size unit), and the Abuja-based Brigade of Guards. It has demonstrated its capability to mobilize, deploy, and sustain battalions in support of peacekeeping operations in Liberia, former Yugoslavia, Angola, Rwanda, Somalia, and Sierra Leone. The Nigerian Navy (7,000) is equipped with frigates, fast attack craft, convettes, and coastal patrol boats. The Nigerian Air Force (9,000) flies transport, trainer, helicopter, and fighter aircraft, but most are currently not operational. Nigeria also has pursued a policy of developing domestic training and military production capabilities. Nigeria has continued a strict policy of diversification in its military procurement from various countries. After the imposition of sanctions by many Western nations, Nigeria turned to the People's Republic of China, Russia, North Korea, and India for the purchase of military equipment and training.
Foreign relations
Nigeria is currently in better foreign relations due to its current state of democracy though a fledging one and with the help of the former president Obasanjo. It is a member of the African Union and sits on that organization's Peace and Security Council. Since 1960 Nigeria has been a member of the UN and also joined the Commonwealth of Nations the same year, however they were briefly suspended between 1995 and 1999. Nigeria is member of ACP, AfDB, C, ECA, AU ECOWAS, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNU, UPU, WCL, WCO, EFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
References
- ^ The Official Information Gateway of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (accessed 16 July 2006)
- ^ "Nigeria: President Swears in Five New Ministers, Reshuffles Cabinet". Nigeria First. 22 June 2006. Retrieved 2006-07-16.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Okey Mugbo and Olawale Rasheed (23 June 2006). "Obasanjo sacks 8 Atiku's aides - Swears in 2 new ministers". Nigerian Tribune. Retrieved 2006-07-16.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ a b "USAID Nigeria mission: Nigeria administrative divisions" October 2004
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| President of the First Republic (1963–1966) | ||
| Military regime (1966–1979) | ||
| President of the Second Republic (1979–1983) | ||
| Military regime (1983–1999) | ||
| President of the Fourth Republic (from 1999) | ||
*Civilian; headed transition to abortive Third Republic | ||
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† military | ||
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