Hyderabad, Pakistan: Difference between revisions
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===Famous People=== |
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*[[Musharraf Ali Farooqi]] author, novelist and translator |
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*[[Dr.Syed Mehboob]] writer, researcher,educationist and columnist |
*[[Dr.Syed Mehboob]] writer, researcher,educationist and columnist |
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* [Dr.Ghulam Mustafa Khan ] Writer,educationist and researcher |
* [Dr.Ghulam Mustafa Khan ] Writer,educationist and researcher |
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Revision as of 14:25, 20 February 2008
25°22′45″N 68°22′06″E / 25.37917°N 68.36833°E
Hyderabad or Haidarābād (Urdu/Sindhi: حيدر آباد) is located in the Sindh province of Pakistan (formerly known as Neroon Kot نيرُون ڪوٽ). Formerly the capital of Sindh and known as the city of perfumes, it is now a regional headquarter of the district of Hyderabad. Before the creation of Pakistan, it was known as the Paris of India, for its roads used to be washed with perfume every day. The regional and political boundaries stage the city as a district.
Hyderabad is a hot and humid city in the south of the nation and has been a staging point for literary campaign and a birthplace of many poets. Rich with culture and tradition, the city is the largest bangle producer in the world and serves as a transit between the rural and the urban Sindh.
History
- To learn more about History of Sindh, see History of Sindh
Hyderabad is a city of hillocks. Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro of the Kalhora Dynasty founded the city in 1768. A formal concept of the city was laid out by his son, Sarfraz Khan in 1782. The Hyderabad city was then named Neroon Kot نيرون ڪوٽ it was a small fishing village on the banks of River Indus and was called the heart of the Mehran. Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhora loved the city so much that in 1768, he ordered a fort to be built on one of the three hills of Hyderabad to house and defend his people. The fort since then is called the Pacco Qillo پڪو قلعو or the Strong fort.
After the death of the great Kalhoro, started the Talpur Rule. Mir Fateh Ali Khan Talpur left his capital Khudabad, the Land of God and made Hyderabad his capital in 1789. He made the Pacco Qillo his residence and also held his courts there. Mir Fateh Ali Khan Talpur along with his three other brothers were responsible for the affairs that persisted in the city of Hyderabad in the years of their kingdom. The four were called Char Yar, Sindhi for Four friends.
The Talpur rule lasted almost over 50 years and in 1843, Talpurs faced a greater threat. The British came face-to-face with the Talpurs at the Battle of Miani on 17th February, 1843. It is said that even in rigor mortis the Ameers (Mirs - leaders) held their swords high fighting the British. The battle ended on 24th March where the Mirs lost and the city came into the hands of the British.
The British demolished most of the buildings around to accommodate their troops and their military stores. Hyderabad lost its glory. No longer were the roads covered with perfume. In 1857, when the First War of Indian Independence raged across the sub-continent, the British held most of their regiments and ammunition in this city.
Prior to 1947, Hyderabad had a large community of Sindhi Hindus who were largely pre-occupied with trade and commerce. They were responsible for export of products made in Sindh and contributed significantly to the economy of Sindh. Prior to the Partition, 25 per cent of Sindh’s population was Hindu. When Partition of India occurred Sindhi Hindus expected to remain in Sindh. Generally, there was good relation between Hindu Sindhis and Muslims Sindhis. When large waves of Urdu-speaking Muhajirs started to pour into Hyderabad, violence erupted on the streets. The Hindu Sindhis were forced to flee leaving everything behind. Popati Hirandani who was a Hyderabad resident tells in her autobiography that the Police were merely onlookers when violence erupted and they did not protect the Hindus community. Popati Hiranandani was a writer born 1924 in Hyderabad, Sind [1]. Many Hindu Sindhis wanted to return to their native Sindh when the violence settled down, but this was not possible.
The Muhajirs were given land mostly in the town of Hirabad. While the population of the people grew with the migration in progress, the Government proposed the creation of two more towns, namely Latifabad and Qasimabad.
The 1980s saw a black period in the history of Hyderabad as riots erupted in the city between the two major ethnic groupd, the Sindhis and the Muhajirs. Bloodshed and murder reached extremes. The Sindhis retreated to settlements in Qasimabad and the Muhajirs settled down in Latifabad but the city has never been the same again, forever divided by ethnicity.
- For an in-depth view of the history of the city, see History of Hyderabad, Pakistan.
Geography and Climate
Located at 25.367°N latitude and 68.367°E longitude with an elevation of 13m about sea-level, Hyderabad is located on the east bank of the Indus River and is roughly 150km away from Karachi, the capital of the province. Hyderabad is the second largest city in Sindh, eighth largest in Pakistan and 209th largest city of the world with respect to population. Its population estimates to 1,348,288 (as of 2000). Two of Pakistan's largest highways, the Indus Highway and the National Highway join at Hyderabad.
Several towns surrounding the city include Kotri 6.7km, Jamshoro 8.1km, Hattri 5km and Husri 7.5km.
Hyderabad has an extreme climate. The days are hot and dry usually going up to 40°C, whilst the nights are cool and breezy. Winds that blow usually bring along clouds of dust, and people prefer staying indoors in the daytime, but the breeze that flows at night is pleasant and clean.
Education
The city being a gateway between the rural Sindh and the Greater Sindh, attracts students from the lesser developed regions of Sindh. Hyderabad has a huge number of schools, colleges and Universities.
Universities
The University of Sindh[2] is the dominant player in educational reforms since its inception in 1947. The University of Sindh,the second oldest University of the country,
was constituted under the University of Sindh Act. No. XVII of 1947 passed by the Legislative Assembly of Sindh. It was founded in Karachi and relocated to Hyderabad in 1951, only because the city was reinacted as the capital of the province of Sindh.It has 32 colleges affiliated with it. Mehran University of Engineering and Technology[3] Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences[4] Whilst people prefer to go to this technological and medical universities in the city, universities like the [Sindh Agricultural University][5] in Tando Jam are highly preferred as well. Other universities in the private sector include, University of EAST and Isra University [6].
Schools and Colleges
The oldest and the most prestigious college in the city is the Government Degree College aptly named as the Government College of Technology.
Schools
- The City School: Jinnah Campus
- Beacon House School System
- Army Public school and college system SRC.
- Oxford Public High School
- Public School Hyderabad
- Municipal High School
- Government High school (Society)
- Government Noor Muhammad High School
- Model School
- Preston School
- Excellence School
- Hayats Higher Secondary School
- Eden Grammar School
- Apex Grammar School
- Al Falah High School
- Studio9
Colleges
- St.Bonaventure's Akueb Qasimabad.
- Preston College
- Excellence College
- Muslim Science College
- Govt. Boys Degree College Qasimabad
- Federal Government College of Science and Technology
- Government Degree College Kohsar
- Government Nazareth college
- Superior College of Sciences
- The Educators College
- Eden Grammar College
- Al Falah Boys College Latifabad
Museums and libraries
Hyderabad is home to a few museums that store the cultural heritage of this land of religious and ethnic diversity. The Institute of Sindhology Museum and the Sindh Museum are a haven for Sindhi enthusiasts in ethnological contexts.
Whilst there are a few libraries in the city, most of them are in a sad state. Allama Daud Photo Library near Sindh Museum in Qasimabad.
Economy
Industries include textiles, cement, glass, soap, pottery, tanneries, and film. Handicraft industries, including silver and gold work, lacquerware, ornamented silks, and embroidered leather saddles, are also well established. Hyderabad produces almost all of the ornamental glass bangles in Pakistan. Hyderabad is a major commercial centre for the agricultural produce of the surrounding area, including millet, rice, wheat, cotton, and fruit.
Suburbs
The city of Hyderabad is divided into five sub-divided regions based on the ethnic diversity of people dwelling in it. The suburbs are mostly based upon areas of Sindhi and Muhajir majority. However the city is expanding by the day, the following map clearly divides the various parts of the city into an accurate geographical classification by August 2007.
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Government
'The current Mayor of the city also called the City Nazim is Kanwar Naveed Jamil.
Transportation
Serving as a socio-economic crossroad to the lesser developed cities and towns in Sindh and linking and networking them with the bigger towns and cities in the nation, Hyderabad holds importance as a vital transportation link via every service. It can be reached by every mean of transportation, be it air, land, water or rail.
Airways
The city has a modestly good airport. The Pakistan International Airlines used to frequent it three flights a week. However, chartered flights can still land at the airport. The airport is located in the southern region of Latifabad. The airport in the days of its operation administered domestic flights to Karachi, Lahore, Dera Ismail Khan and Peshawar.
Road network
Although Hyderabad has a decent road network, but most of the roads are undergoing construction at the time of writing. Hyderabad is deemed the most important milestone on the National Highway which passes through the city. The highway divides into Route N5 going southwest and M9 going north while it forks into the KLP (Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar) Road and the Hala Road. Over the years, the M9 has had massive construction work to include six lanes across its 136km span being the most used highway in Pakistan while the N5 has two lanes to cater to its lesser traffic needs. the current roads inside hyderabad city are in very poor state
- For a list of highways and motorways across Pakistan, see National Highways of Pakistan & Motorways of Pakistan
Bus terminals
There are seven big terminals inside the city area namely the Badin Bus Stop near SITE, Tando Bago Coach Stop near old sabzi mandi, Jacobabad-Larkana Bus Stop at Pathan Colony, Nawab Shah Bus Stand at Halla Nakka, Sanghar Coach Stop near Civil Hospital and Karachi Bus Stand near Qasim Chowk. Sammi DAEWOO Bus Service To Karachi at Auto-Bhan Road Latifabad No 07 Hyderabad.
Railways
Hyderabad is considered a major junction of Pakistan Railways, where railway lines proceed in at least three directions: northwards (up-country), southwards (down-country) and eastwards. The railway station is called the Hyderabad Junction and is located in the southern end of the Central City and the brink of the old.
- For a list of railways in Pakistan, see Pakistan Railways
Waterways
With the city at the banks of the Indus River, the fishermen tend to use riverboats to fish and travel across the waters. Riverboats are not accessible to general public but local fishermen, in attempts of making money for their daily ration, sail people aboard their fishing ferries at Al-manzar, a restaurant at the banks of the Indus.
Demographics
People and culture
Hyderabad is noteworthy in Sindh and Pakistan generally for its relative tolerance; members of religious minorities such as Hindus and Christians are not in as much danger there as elsewhere in the country. However, there has been a history of conflict in Hyderabad between native Sindhis and the Muhajirs, the non-Sindhi Muslim refugees who entered Sindh from post-Partition India in 1947 and who were awarded the abandoned property left by the departing Sindhi Hindus; nowadays Sindhis and Muhajirs live in relative separation, in discrete sectors of Hyderabad.A large influx of Pakhtuns and Punjabis were attracted to Hyderabad after the Indus treaty settlement. Most Punjabis mixed with the local population however most Pakhtuns are distinct and separately living near the railway station and its vicinity.
Native Sindhis mainly reside in Qasimabad, which is still developing. Qasimabad has a lot of problems with its drainage system. It has some famous areas like Naseem Nagar and Abdullah Blessing.
On the other hand Muhajirs live in Latifabad. A large number of Memons having two sects namely Diplai from Thar Parker (Sindh) and Kathiawari from Gujrat (India) live isolated from other citizens. Many Shia Ismaili colonies exist; Aminabad Colony and Mubarakh Colony, are one of the most prominent.
While Christians constitute 2% of the total population, Hyderabad is the seat of a Diocese of the Church of Pakistan and has five churches and a cathedral.
Despite its strategic location and thrifty people the city is under the shadow of Karachi and yet to make its mark economically. One reason for this is the artificial factional and sectarian isolation imposed after the riots of 90s which cleft the urban population.
Media
Radio
- Radio Pakistan FM 101
- Sachal FM 105: It is a private radio channel airing in addition to the regional and Urdu language songs and also Indian songs. the channel has restricted medium as it is yet to launch a news or current affairs services for the benefit of the City, but its entertainment value is great.
Television
- Dhoom TV
- Sindh TV
- KTN
- Kashish TV
- Farhan Tv
- Farhan Nawaz-Ali Allahdinani Memon Tv
Newspapers
Famous People
- Musharraf Ali Farooqi author, novelist and translator
- Dr.Syed Mehboob writer, researcher,educationist and columnist
- [Dr.Ghulam Mustafa Khan ] Writer,educationist and researcher
[Muhammad Ali ] Film star
Internet
Attractions
- Amri – an archeological site dating back to 3600 BC, 110 km from the city, is the remains of a pre-Harrapan fortified town.
- Al-manzar – a restaurant at the banks of the Indus river. Here like any other riverside restaurant Palla fish ( local delicacy) is served with spices and hundreds flock to share its taste and environ.
- Rani Bagh – formerly a zoo named after the majestic elephant Rani, now serves as a theme park.
- Mir Tombs in Heerabad are of the former rulers of Sindh who were defeated by the British in the famous battle of Miani.
- Sabzazar is a famous restaurant of Hyderabad butopen only in the evenings. It now has a sister restaurant called Al Aliyo open during the day time owned by the same management.
- Pacco Qilo and the Kachha Qila – forts, where kachha means weak.
- Sindh Museum.
- Institute of Sindhology Museum.
- New Hyderabad City – a well known private development area in the outskirts of Hyderabad, best known for its famous 12 acre park, Lake View Park, which features a man made lake and beautiful gardens. The park has become a recreational spot for the local families, specially on national holidays.
Sports
Hyderabad has a cricket stadium called the Niaz Stadium, with a seating capacity of 25,000 known for the first ever hatrick taken by a bowler in a one-day match in 1982. Hyderabad also has a hockey stadium.
Trivia
- Jalal-ud-din of Pakistan became the first bowler to take a hatrick against Australia on 20th September, 1982 at the Niaz Stadium.
- The streets of Hyderabad were washed by perfume under the rule of the Mughals.
- The lowest Hyderabad ever achieved in temperature is 2°C.
See also
External links
- Template:Wikitravel
- Your Own Hyderabad City Website
- Hyderabad City Website
- Hyderabad City on The Internet.
- Hyderabad Phone Numbers
- Pacco Qillo
- [7]
- [8]
![[8]](http://www.apnahyderabad.com/hyderabad/images/hyder-chowk.jpg){kind=link}