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Clearing up the confusion between Monte Anyera on the western frontier (the highest point of Ceuta), and Monte Hacho on the Peninsula de Almina
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{{Redirect|Sabtah|the Biblical figure|List of minor Biblical figures}}
{{Redirect|Sabtah|the Biblical figure|List of minor Biblical figures}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Geobox|Settlement
| name = Ceuta
<!-- *** Heading *** -->
| name = Ceuta
| native_name =
| official_name = Ciudad Autónoma de Ceuta<br>Autonomous City of Ceuta
| native_name =
| settlement_type = [[Autonomous cities of Spain|Autonomous City]]
| other_name = Ciudad Autónoma de Ceuta
| category = Municipality
| image_skyline = HPIM1812.jpg
| imagesize =
<!-- *** Names **** -->
| image_alt =
| etymology = Roman (Latin) name for one of the seven mountains in the ''Septem Fratres'' region
| official_name = Autonomous City of Ceuta
| image_caption =
| motto = Siempre Noble, Leal y Fidelísima Ciudad de Ceuta
| image_flag = Flag Ceuta.svg
| flag_size = 150px
| nickname =
| flag_alt = Flag of Ceuta
<!-- *** Image *** -->
| image = HPIM1812.jpg
| image_shield = EscudoCeuta.svg
| shield_size = 110px
| image_caption = Ceuta, as seen from the belvedere of ''Isabel II'', near the [[Morocco|Moroccan]] border
| image_size = 235px
| shield_alt = Coat-of-arms of Ceuta
| motto =
<!-- *** Symbols *** -->
| flag = Flag Ceuta.svg
| anthem =
| symbol = Escudo de Ceuta.svg
| image_map = Localización de Ceuta.svg
| mapsize =
<!-- *** Country *** -->
| country = Spain
| map_alt =
| country_flag = 1
| map_caption = Location of Ceuta within Spain
| state = Ceuta
| latd = 35 |latm = 53 |lats = |latNS = N
| state_type = Autonomous City
| longd = 5 |longm = 19 |longs = |longEW = W
| region =
| coor_pinpoint =
| district =
| coordinates_type = region:ES-CE_type:city
| municipality =
| coordinates_display = inline,title
| coordinates_region = ES
<!-- *** Family *** -->
| part =
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| landmark =
| subdivision_name = {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]]
| river =
| seat_type = [[Capital (political)|Capital]]
| seat = Ceuta
<!-- *** Locations *** -->
| location = Almina Pennisula
| area_total_km2 = 19.5
| elevation = 10
| area_footnotes = (0.0056% of Spain)
| area_rank = [[List of Spanish autonomous communities by area|18th]]
| prominence =
| lat_d = 35
| population_as_of = 2010
| lat_m = 53
| population_footnotes =
| lat_s = 17
| population_total = 80570
| lat_NS = N
| population_note =
| long_d = 5
| population_rank = [[List of Spanish autonomous communities by population|18th]]
| population_blank1_title = Percent
| long_m = 18
| long_s = 58
| population_blank1 = 0.17% of Spain
| population_density_km2 = auto
| long_EW = W
| highest = Monte Anyera
| population_demonym = ''Ceutan''
| highest_location = Monte Anyera
| demographics1_name1 = [[Ethnic groups]]
| highest_region =
| demographics1_info1 =
| highest_state =
| demographics_type2 = [[Demonym]]
| demographics2_name1 = [[English language|English]]
| highest_elevation = 349
| highest_lat_d = 35
| demographics2_info1 = Ceutan
| demographics2_name2 = [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| highest_lat_m = 53
| highest_lat_s = 54
| demographics2_info2 = Ceutí
| highest_lat_NS = N
| demographics2_name3 =
| highest_long_d = 5
| demographics2_info3 =
| highest_long_m = 22
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Official language]]s
| highest_long_s = 22
| blank_info_sec1 = [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| highest_long_EW = W
| blank1_name_sec1 = Statute of Autonomy
| lowest = Sea level
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[March 14]], [[1995]]
| lowest_location = [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| blank_name_sec2 = Parliament
| lowest_region =
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Cortes Generales]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Congress of Deputies (Spain)|Congress]]
| lowest_state =
| lowest_elevation = 0
| blank1_info_sec2 = 1 deputy (of 350)
| lowest_lat_d =
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Spanish Senate|Senate]]
| lowest_lat_m =
| blank2_info_sec2 = 2 senators (of 264)
| lowest_lat_s =
| postal_code_type = [[ISO 3166-2:ES|ISO 3166-2]]
| lowest_lat_NS =
| postal_code = ES-CE
| lowest_long_d =
| leader_title = [[Mayor-President]]
| lowest_long_m =
| leader_name = [[Juan Jesús Vivas Lara]]
| lowest_long_s =
| leader_party = [[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]
| website = [http://www.ceuta.es www.ceuta.es]
| lowest_long_EW =
| footnotes =
<!-- *** Dimensions *** -->
| length = 9.41
| length_orientation = W-E
| width = 5.92
| width_orientation = N-S
| area = 18.5
| area_land =
| area_water =
| area_urban =
| area_metro =
<!-- *** Population *** -->
| population = 75276
| population_date =
| population_urban =
| population_metro =
| population_density = 4068.97
| population_density_urban =
| population_density_metro =
<!-- *** History & management *** -->
| established = 42 A.D.
| date = 14 March 1995
| date_type = Autonomy Statuate
| government = Palacio Municipal o Asamblea
| government_location = Plaza de África
| government_region = Ceuta
| government_state = Ceuta
| government_elevation = 10
| government_lat_d = 35
| government_lat_m = 53
| government_lat_s = 18
| government_lat_NS = N
| government_long_d = 5
| government_long_m = 18
| government_long_s = 56
| government_long_EW = W
| mayor = [[Juan Jesús Vivas Lara]] ([[People's Party (Spain)|PP]])
| leader =
<!-- *** Codes *** -->
| timezone = Spain
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = Spain
| utc_offset_DST = 0
| postal_code = 51001 Ceuta
| area_code =
| code = ES-CE
| code_type = [[ISO 3166-2:ES|ISO 3166-2]]
<!-- *** UNESCO etc. *** -->
| whs_name =
| whs_year =
| whs_number =
| whs_region =
| whs_criteria =
| iucn_category =
<!-- *** Free fields *** -->
| free_type = Demonym
| free = Ceutan
| free1_type = [[Official language]]s
| free1 = [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| free2_type = [[Cortes Generales]]
| free2 = Parliament
| free3_type = [[Congress of Deputies (Spain)|Congress]]
| free3 = 1 deputy (of 350)
| free4_type = [[Spanish Senate|Senate]]
| free4 = 2 senators (of 264)
| free5_type = Anthem
| free5 = Ceuta, mi ciudad querida (''{{en|Ceuta, My Dear City}}'')
<!-- *** Maps *** -->
| map = Localización de Ceuta.svg
| map_caption = Location of the Autonomous City of Ceuta
| map_background =
| map_locator =
<!-- *** Websites *** -->
| commons =
| statistics =
| website = http://www.ceuta.es/
<!-- *** Footnotes *** -->
| footnotes =
}}
}}


'''Ceuta''' ({{IPA-es|ˈθeu̯ta}}, {{lang-ar|<big>سبتة</big>}}) is a {{convert|18.5|km2}} [[autonomous cities of Spain|autonomous city of Spain]] and an [[exclave]] located on the north coast of North Africa surrounded by [[Morocco]]. Separated from the [[Iberian peninsula]] by the [[Strait of Gibraltar]], Ceuta lies on the border of the [[Mediterranean Sea]] and the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. Ceuta along with the other Spanish exclave [[Melilla]] are the only Spanish territories located in mainland [[Africa]]. It was regarded as a part of [[Cadiz (province)|Cadiz province]] prior to 14 March 1995, when the city's [[Statute of Autonomy]] was passed.
'''Ceuta''' ({{IPA-es|ˈθeu̯ta}}) is an [[autonomous community#autonomous cities|autonomous city]] of [[Spain]] located on the [[North Africa]]n side of the [[Strait of Gibraltar]], on the [[Mediterranean]], which separates it from the [[Iberian peninsula]]. The area of Ceuta is approximately {{convert|19|km2}}.


Ceuta is dominated by a hill called [[Monte Hacho]], on which there is a fort used by the [[Spanish army]]. Monte Hacho is one of the possible locations for the southern of the [[Pillars of Hercules]] of Greek legend, the other possibility being [[Jebel Musa (Morocco)|Jebel Musa]].
Ceuta (like Melilla) was a [[free port]] before Spain joined the [[European Union]]. As of 2008 it has a population of 75,276. Its population consists of [[Christian]]s, [[Muslim]]s (chiefly [[Berber people|Berber]]), and small minorities of [[Jew]]s. Both [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Riff language|Riff Berber]] are widely spoken. Spanish is the official language, while there have been calls to recognize [[Berber languages|Berber]] as well.<ref>http://www.lukor.com/not-esp/locales/0412/03150841.htm</ref>


[[Morocco]] claims Ceuta, along with the Spanish autonomous city of [[Melilla]] and a [[Plazas de soberanía|number of Mediterranean islands]] which border it.
Ceuta, together with the other autonomous city of [[Melilla]] and a [[Plazas de soberanía|number of Mediterranean islands]], is claimed by [[Morocco]]. The amateur radio call sign used for both cities is EA9.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ac6v.com/prefixes.htm#E |title=Amateur Radio Prefixes |publisher=Ac6v.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-08}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
[[File:Moat of Royal Wall At Ceuta 2.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Moat of the Royal Wall of Ceuta]]
[[File:Moat of Royal Wall At Ceuta 2.jpg|thumb|left|Moat of the Royal Wall of Ceuta]]
[[File:Beach in Ceuta.jpg|thumb|A beach in Ceuta, near Spain-Morocco border. Morocco in the background.]]
Its location has made Ceuta an important commercial trade and military way-point for many cultures, beginning with the [[Carthage|Carthaginians]] in the 5th century BC, who called the city '''''Abyla'''''. It was not until the [[Roman Empire|Romans]] took control of the region in A.D. 42 that the port city, then named '''''Septa''''', assumed an almost exclusive military purpose. It changed hands again approximately 400 years later, when [[Vandal]] tribes ousted the Romans. It then fell into the hands of the [[Visigoths]], and finally become an [[Hispania#Byzantine reconquest|outpost]] of the [[Byzantine Empire]].
Ceuta's strategic location has made it the crucial waypoint of the trade and military ventures of many cultures&nbsp;— beginning with the [[Carthage|Carthaginians]] in the 5th century BC, who called the city '''''Abyla'''''. It was not until the [[Roman Empire|Romans]] took control in about A.D. 42 that the port city (then named '''''Septem''''') assumed an almost exclusive military purpose. Approximately 400 years later, the [[Vandal]]s ousted the Romans from control. Later it would fall to the [[Visigoths]] of [[Hispania]] and the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]].<ref>See [[Hispania#Byzantine reconquest]].</ref>


Around 710, as [[Muslim]] armies approached the city, its Byzantine governor, [[Julian, count of Ceuta|Julian]] (described as ''King of the [[Ghomara]]'') changed his allegiance, and exhorted the Muslims to invade the [[Iberian Peninsula]]. Under the leadership of [[Berber people|Berber]] General [[Tariq ibn Ziyad]], the Muslims used Ceuta as a [[staging area|staging ground]] for an assault on [[Visigoths|Visigothic]] Spain. After Julian's death, the Arabs took direct control of the city, something that the indigenous Berber tribes resented. They destroyed Ceuta during the [[Kharijite]] rebellion led by Maysara al-Haqir in 740.
In 710, as [[Muslim]] armies approached the city, its governor [[Julian, count of Ceuta]], (also described as "king of the [[Ghomara]]") changed sides and urged them to invade the [[Iberian Peninsula]]. Under the leadership of [[Berber people|Berber]] general [[Tariq ibn Ziyad]], Ceuta was used as a prime [[staging area|staging ground]] for an assault on [[Visigoths|Visigothic]] [[Hispania]] soon after.


Ceuta lay in ruins until it was resettled in the 9th century by Mâjakas, chief of the Majkasa Berber tribe, who started the short-lived [[Banu Isam]] dynasty. His great-grandson would briefly ally his tribe with the [[Idrisid]]s, but the Banu Isam rule ended in 931 when he abdicated in favor of the [[Umayyad]] [[Caliph of Cordoba]], [[Abd ar-Rahman III]]. Ceuta reverted to [[Hispanic]] [[Andalus]]ian rule in 927, along with [[Melilla]], and later[[Tangier]], in 951.
After Julian's death the Arabs took direct control of the city; this was resented by the surrounding indigenous Berber tribes, who destroyed it in a [[Kharijite]] rebellion led by [[Maysara al-Haqir]] in 740. It lay in waste until refounded in the 9th century by [[Majakas]], chief of the [[Majkasa]] Berber tribe, who started the short-lived dynasty of the [[Banu Isam]]. Under his great-grandson they briefly paid allegiance to the [[Idrisid]]s. The dynasty finally ended when he abdicated in favour of the [[Umayyad]] [[Caliph of Cordoba]] [[Abd ar-Rahman III]] in 931, so the city returned to the [[Hispania|Hispanic]] [[Andalus]]ian rule like [[Melilla]] in 927 and [[Tangier]] in 951.


Chaos ensued with the fall of the Umayyad caliphate in 1031, but eventually Ceuta and the rest of Muslim Spain fell into the hands of successive North African dynasties. Starting in 1084, the [[Almoravid]] [[Berbers]] ruled the region until 1147, when the [[Almohad]]s who conquered the land and ruled, apart from [[Ibn Hud]]'s rebellion of 1232, until the[[Tunisia]]n [[Hafsid]]s established their control. The Hafsids' influence in the west rapidly waned, and Ceuta´s inhabitants eventually expelled them in 1249. After this, a period of political instability persisted, under competing interests from the [[Kingdom of Fez]] and the [[Kingdom of Granada]]. The [[Kingdom of Fez]] finally conquered the region in 1387, with assistance from the [[Crown of Aragon]].
Chaos ensued with the fall of the Umayyad caliphate in 1031, but eventually Ceuta, together with the rest of Muslim Spain, was taken over by the [[Almoravid]]s in 1084. The Almoravids were succeeded by the [[Almohad]]s who conquered Ceuta in 1147 ruling it, apart from [[Ibn Hud]]'s rebellion of 1232, until the [[Hafsid]]s of Tunisia took it in 1242. The Hafsids' influence in the west rapidly waned, and the city expelled them in 1249. After this, it went through a period of political instability during which the city was disputed between the [[Kingdom of Fez]] and the [[Kingdom of Granada]]. In 1387, Ceuta was conquered for the last time by the [[Kingdom of Fez]], with [[Crown of Aragon|Aragonese]] help.


In 1415, during the [[Battle of Ceuta]], the city was captured by the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] during the reign of [[John I of Portugal]]. The King of Spain [[Struggle for the throne of Portugal|seized the Portuguese throne]] in 1580 and held it for 60 years ( [[Iberian Union]] ). During this time Ceuta gained many residents of Spanish origin.<ref name= Griffinh>{{cite book |author= Griffin, H | year=2010 |title=[http://www.miragebooks.co.uk/ceuta Ceuta Mini Guide] | publisher=Mirage | isbn= 978-0-9543335-3-9}}</ref> Thus Ceuta became the only city of the [[Portuguese Empire]] that sided with Spain when Portugal regained its independence in 1640 and war broke out between the two countries.
[[File:Portuguese possessions in Morocco 1415-1769.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Morocco-Portugal relations|Portuguese possessions in Morocco]] (1415-1769).]]
[[File:Casa de los Dragones.jpg|thumb|left|upright|House of the Dragons, in Ceuta]]
In 1415, during the [[Battle of Ceuta]], the city was captured by the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] during the reign of [[John I of Portugal]]. The King of Spain [[Struggle for the throne of Portugal|seized the Portuguese throne]] in 1580 and held it for 60 years ( [[Iberian Union]] ). During this time Ceuta gained many residents of Spanish origin.<ref name=Griffinh>{{cite book |author= Griffin, H | year=2010 |title=[http://www.miragebooks.co.uk/ceuta Ceuta Mini Guide] | publisher=Mirage | isbn= 978-0-9543335-3-9}}</ref> Thus Ceuta became the only city of the [[Portuguese Empire]] that sided with Spain when Portugal regained its independence in 1640 and [[Portuguese Restoration War|war broke out between the two countries]].


The formal allegiance of Ceuta to Spain was recognized by the [[Treaty of Lisbon (1668)|Treaty of Lisbon]] by which, on January 1, 1668, King [[Afonso VI of Portugal]] formally ceded Ceuta to [[Carlos II of Spain]]. However, the originally Portuguese flag and [[coat of arms]] of Ceuta remained unchanged and the modern-day Ceuta flag features the configuration of the [[Flag of Portugal#Portuguese shield|Portuguese shield]]. The flag's background is also the same as that of the flag of [[Lisbon]].
The formal allegiance of Ceuta to Spain was recognized by the [[Treaty of Lisbon (1668)|Treaty of Lisbon]] by which, on January 1, 1668, King [[Afonso VI of Portugal]] formally ceded Ceuta to [[Carlos II of Spain]]. However, the originally Portuguese flag and [[coat of arms]] of Ceuta remained unchanged and the modern-day Ceuta flag features the configuration of the [[Flag of Portugal#Portuguese shield|Portuguese shield]]. The flag's background is also the same as that of the flag of [[Lisbon]].


When Spain recognized the independence of [[Spanish Morocco]] in 1956, Ceuta and the other ''[[plazas de soberanía]]'' remained under Spanish rule as they were considered integral parts of the Spanish state - which Morocco strongly disputed. Culturally, modern Ceuta is part of the Spanish region of [[Andalusia]]. Indeed, it was attached to the [[province of Cádiz]] until 1925 — the Spanish coast being only 20&nbsp;km away. It is a cosmopolitan city, with a large ethnic [[Berber people|Berber]] Muslim minority as well as [[Sephardic]] [[Jewish]] and [[Hindu]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elpais.com/articulo/espana/Resistir/monte/Renegado/elpepuesp/20090322elpepinac_9/Tes |title=Resistir en el monte del Renegado · ELPAÍS.com|publisher=Elpais.com|date=2009-03-22 |accessdate=2009-06-17}}</ref> minorities.
When Spain recognized the independence of [[Spanish Morocco]] in 1956, Ceuta and the other ''[[plazas de soberanía]]'' remained under Spanish rule as they were considered integral parts of the Spanish state. Culturally, modern Ceuta is considered part of the Spanish region of [[Andalusia]]. Indeed, it was attached to the [[province of Cádiz]] until 1925 — the Spanish coast being only 20&nbsp;km away. It is a cosmopolitan city, with a large ethnic [[Berber people|Berber]] Muslim minority as well as [[Sephardic]] [[Jewish]] and [[Hindu]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elpais.com/articulo/espana/Resistir/monte/Renegado/elpepuesp/20090322elpepinac_9/Tes |title=Resistir en el monte del Renegado · ELPAÍS.com |publisher=Elpais.com |date=2009-03-22 |accessdate=2009-06-17}}</ref> minorities.


On November 5, 2007, King [[Juan Carlos I]] visited the city, sparking great enthusiasm from the local population and protests from the Moroccan government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.periodistadigital.com/infordeus.php/2007/11/06/p125486 |title=Ceuta y Melilla son España, dice Juan Carlos I; Sebta y Melilia son nuestras, responde Mohamed VI|publisher=Blogs.periodistadigital.com |date=1999-02-22 |accessdate=2009-06-17}}</ref> It was the first time a Spanish head of state had visited Ceuta in 80 years.
On November 5, 2007, King [[Juan Carlos I]] visited the city, sparking great enthusiasm from the local population and protests from the Moroccan government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.periodistadigital.com/infordeus.php/2007/11/06/p125486 |title=Ceuta y Melilla son España, dice Juan Carlos I; Sebta y Melilia son nuestras, responde Mohamed VI |publisher=Blogs.periodistadigital.com |date=1999-02-22 |accessdate=2009-06-17}}</ref> It was the first time a Spanish head of state had visited Ceuta in 80 years.

Ceuta (and Melilla) have declared the [[Muslim holiday]] of [[Eid al-Adha]] or Feast of the Sacrifice, as an official [[public holiday]] from 2010 onwards. It is the first time a non-Christian [[religious festival]] is officially celebrated in Spain since the [[Reconquista]].<ref>[http://spainforvisitors.com/module-News-display-sid-310.htm Muslim Holiday in Ceuta and Melilla]</ref><ref>[http://www.qppstudio.net/bankholidays2010/spain.htm Public Holidays and Bank Holidays for Spain]</ref>


===Ecclesiastical history===
===Ecclesiastical history===
The Catholic [[Diocese of Ceuta]] existed from 1417 to 1879. It was a [[suffragan]] of the [[Patriarchate of Lisbon]] until 1675, with the end of the [[Iberian Union]], when Ceuta chose to remain linked to the [[king of Spain]]. Since then it was a [[suffragan]] of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seville|archbishopric of Seville]].<ref>{{cite web|author=David M. Cheney |url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dc206.html |title='&#39;Catholic Hierarchy'&#39; page |publisher=Catholic-hierarchy.org|date=|accessdate=2010-08-08}}</ref> The [[Diocese of Tanger]] was suppressed and incorporated to that of Ceuta in 1570.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14736a.htm|title=Catholic Encyclopedia: Tingis |publisher=Newadvent.org |date=1912-07-01 |accessdate=2010-08-08}}</ref>
The Catholic [[Diocese of Ceuta]] existed from 1417 to 1879. It was a [[suffragan]] of the [[Patriarchate of Lisbon]] until 1675, with the end of the [[Iberian Union]], when Ceuta chose to remain linked to the [[king of Spain]]. Since then it was a [[suffragan]] of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seville|archbishopric of Seville]].<ref>{{cite web|author=David M. Cheney |url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dc206.html |title='&#39;Catholic Hierarchy'&#39; page |publisher=Catholic-hierarchy.org |date= |accessdate=2010-08-08}}</ref> The [[Diocese of Tanger]] was suppressed and incorporated to that of Ceuta in 1570.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14736a.htm |title=Catholic Encyclopedia: Tingis |publisher=Newadvent.org |date=1912-07-01 |accessdate=2010-08-08}}</ref>


In 1851, upon the signature of the [[Concordat of 1851|concordat]] between the [[Holy See]] and [[Spain]], the diocese of Ceuta was agreed to be suppressed, being combined into the [[diocese of Cádiz y Ceuta]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03131b.htm |title=Catholic Encyclopedia: Cadiz |publisher=Newadvent.org|date=1908-11-01|accessdate=2010-08-08}}</ref> (up to then [[diocese of Cádiz y Algeciras]]), whose bishop usually was the [[apostolic administrator]] of Ceuta. The agreement was not implemented until 1879.
In 1851, upon the signature of the [[Concordat of 1851|concordat]] between the [[Holy See]] and [[Spain]], the diocese of Ceuta was agreed to be suppressed, being combined into the [[diocese of Cádiz y Ceuta]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03131b.htm |title=Catholic Encyclopedia: Cadiz |publisher=Newadvent.org |date=1908-11-01 |accessdate=2010-08-08}}</ref> (up to then [[diocese of Cádiz y Algeciras]]), whose bishop usually was the [[apostolic administrator]] of Ceuta. The agreement was not implemented until 1879.


==Geography==
==Administration==
[[File:Ceuta en.png|thumb|300px|Map of Ceuta (Perejil islet is just off the coast, to the left of the image)]]
Ceuta is dominated by [[Monte Anyera]], a hill along its western frontier with Morocco. The mountain is guarded by a [[Spanish army|Spanish]] fort.
Ceuta is known officially in [[Spanish language|Spanish]] as '''Ciudad Autónoma de Ceuta''' (lit., Autonomous City of Ceuta), with a rank between a standard Spanish city and an [[autonomous communities of Spain|autonomous community]].


Ceuta is part of the territory of the [[European Union]]. The city was a [[free port]] before Spain joined the European Union in 1986. Now it has a low-tax system within the European Monetary System. As of 2006, its population was 75,861.
[[Monte Hacho]] on the [[Peninsula de Almina]] overlooking the port is one of the possible locations for the southern [[Pillars of Hercules]], of Greek legend (the other possibility being [[Jebel Musa (Morocco)|Jebel Musa]]).

Ceuta does not have an airport. There is, however, a regular helicopter service from [[Ceuta Heliport]] linking it to [[Málaga Airport]]. All other access to and from Ceuta is by ferry or land.

==Political status==
[[File:Bienvenidos a ceuta.jpg|thumb|A sign welcoming visitors to Ceuta, showing the flags of Ceuta, [[Spain]] and the [[European Union]].]]
Since 1995, Ceuta is, along with Melilla, one of the two [[Autonomous community#autonomous cities|autonomous cities]] of Spain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/Admin/lo1-1995.html |title=Ley Orgánica 1/1995, de 13 de marzo, Estatuto de Autonomía de Ceuta |publisher=Noticias.juridicas.com |date= |accessdate=2009-06-17}}</ref>

The government of [[Morocco]] has repeatedly called for Spain to transfer the sovereignty of Ceuta and [[Melilla]], along with uninhabited islets such as the islands of Alhuceima, Velez and the [[Perejil island]], drawing comparisons with Spain's territorial claim to [[Gibraltar]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}} In both cases, the national governments and local populations of the disputed territories reject these claims by a large majority. The Spanish position states that both Ceuta and Melilla are integral parts of the Spanish state, and have been since the 15th century, centuries prior to [[Morocco]]'s independence from Spain in 1956, whereas Gibraltar, being a [[British Overseas Territory]], is not and never has been part of the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2003/jun/12/worlddispatch.gibraltar |title=A rocky relationship |publisher=Guardian |date= 2003-06-12|accessdate=2009-06-17 | location=London | first=Giles | last=Tremlett}}</ref> Morocco denies these claims and maintains that the Spanish presence in Ceuta and the other ''presidios'' on its coast is a remnant of the colonial past which should be ended. However, the [[United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories]] do not consider those Spanish territories to be colonies, whereas it does declare Gibraltar as a non-[[Decolonization|decolonized]] territory.

Ceuta is subdivided into 63 ''barriadas'' (neighborhoods), such as Barriada de Berizu, Barriada de P. Alfonso, Barriada del Sarchal, and El Hacho.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elpueblodeceuta.es/200708/20070819/200708195101.html |title=elpueblodeceuta.es |publisher=elpueblodeceuta.es |date= |accessdate=2009-06-17}}</ref><ref>http://www.planetware.com/i/map/MAR/ceuta-map.jpg</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://codigo-postal.info/ceuta/ceuta?page=7 |title=Códigos postales de Ceuta en Ceuta |publisher=Codigo-postal.info |date= |accessdate=2009-06-17}}</ref>

==Geography==
Ceuta is dominated by [[Monte Hacho]], a hill along its western frontier with Morocco. The mountain is guarded by a [[Spanish army|Spanish]] fort. Monte Hacho is one of the possible locations for the southern [[Pillars of Hercules]], of Greek legend (the other possibility being [[Jebel Musa (Morocco)|Jebel Musa]]).


===Climate===
{{Weather box
{{Weather box
|location = Ceuta
|location = Ceuta
Line 249: Line 185:
}}
}}


==Economy==
===Human geography===
[[File:Gibraltar location.svg|200px|left|thumb|Location of Ceuta in relation to Spain and Gibraltar]]
[[File:Ceuta City.jpg|thumb|Ceuta City]]
[[File:Ceuta (neutral).PNG|thumb|200px|left|Map of Ceuta (Perejil islet is just off the coast, to the left of the image)]]
[[File:Gibraltar location.svg|thumb|Location of Ceuta, showing the distance to Spain and Gibraltar.]]
The official currency of Ceuta is the [[euro]]. It is part of a special low tax zone in Spain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceuta.es/servlet/ContentServer?idioma=es_es&mD=true&pagename=CeutaTur%2FInformacionViajero%2FInformacionViajeroDetalle&cid=1113994915129&mC=true&idP=1111055969345&idA=1113994915129|General |title=Economic Data of Ceuta, de ceutna digital |publisher=Ceuta.es |date= |accessdate=2009-06-17}}</ref>
Ceuta is known officially in [[Spanish language|Spanish]] as '''Ciudad Autónoma de Ceuta''' (''{{en|Autonomous City of Ceuta}}''), with a rank between a standard Spanish city and an [[autonomous communities of Spain|autonomous community]].


Ceuta is one of two Spanish port cities on the northern shore of Africa, along with [[Melilla]]. They are historically military strongholds, [[free port]]s, oil ports, and also fishing and smuggling centers.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xuBgaSzsYVgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=ceuta+economy&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PPA7,M1 |title=pp. 6–7, IBRU, Boundary and Territory Briefing. Ceuta and the Spanish Sovereign Territories: Spanish and Moroccan |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=2009-06-17}}</ref> Today the economy of the city depends heavily on its port (now in expansion) and its industrial and retail centres.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceuta.es/servlet/ContentServer?idioma=es_es&mD=true&pagename=CeutaTur%2FInformacionViajero%2FInformacionViajeroDetalle&cid=1113994915129&mC=true&idP=1111055969345&idA=1113994915129|General |title=Economic Data of Ceunta, de ceutna digital |publisher=Ceuta.es |date= |accessdate=2009-06-17}}</ref> [[Ceuta Heliport]] is now used to connect the city to mainland Spain by air.
Ceuta is part of the territory of the [[European Union]]. The city was a [[free port]] before Spain joined the European Union in 1986. Now it has a low-tax system within the European Monetary System. As of 2006, its population was 75,861.


Along with Melilla, Ceuta is the main link to and from the ''[[plazas de soberanía]]'', especially the [[Islas Chafarinas]], occupied by Spain during the 19th century.
Ceuta does not have an airport. There is, however, a regular helicopter service from [[Ceuta Heliport]] linking it to [[Málaga Airport]]. All other access to and from Ceuta is by ferry or land.


==Transport==
Ceuta is subdivided into 63 ''barriadas'' (''{{en|neighborhoods}}''), such as Barriada de Berizu, Barriada de P. Alfonso, Barriada del Sarchal, and El Hacho.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elpueblodeceuta.es/200708/20070819/200708195101.html |title=elpueblodeceuta.es |publisher=elpueblodeceuta.es |date=|accessdate=2009-06-17}} {{Dead link|date=November 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>http://www.planetware.com/i/map/MAR/ceuta-map.jpg</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://codigo-postal.info/ceuta/ceuta?page=7 |title=Códigos postales de Ceuta en Ceuta |publisher=Codigo-postal.info |date= |accessdate=2009-06-17}}</ref>


The city receives high numbers of ferries each day, most from Spain. Occasionally, cruise ships stop by. Most all dock within an easy walk of downtown shops and restaurants.
====Political status====
Since 1995, Ceuta is, along with Melilla, one of the two [[Autonomous community#autonomous cities|autonomous cities]] of Spain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/Admin/lo1-1995.html |title=Ley Orgánica 1/1995, de 13 de marzo, Estatuto de Autonomía de Ceuta|publisher=Noticias.juridicas.com|date=|accessdate=2009-06-17}}</ref>


Ceuta is a tiny city and the best way to travel may be by bicycle or on foot. There are taxis available. There is a bus service with modern and spacious buses running around the city with stops at the border with Morocco.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wikitravel.org/en/Ceuta#Get_around |title=Ceuta travel guide |publisher=Wikitravel |date=2010-03-06 |accessdate=2010-08-08}}</ref>
The government of [[Morocco]] has repeatedly called for Spain to transfer the sovereignty of Ceuta and [[Melilla]], along with uninhabited islets such as the islands of Alhuceima, Velez and the [[Perejil island]], drawing comparisons with Spain's territorial claim to [[Gibraltar]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}} In both cases, the national governments and local populations of the disputed territories reject these claims by a large majority. The Spanish position states that both Ceuta and Melilla are integral parts of the Spanish state, and have been since the 15th century, centuries prior to [[Morocco]]'s independence from Spain in 1956, whereas Gibraltar, being a [[British Overseas Territory]], is not and never has been part of the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2003/jun/12/worlddispatch.gibraltar |title=A rocky relationship &#124; World news &#124; guardian.co.uk |publisher=Guardian |date= 2003-06-12|accessdate=2009-06-17 | location=London | first=Giles | last=Tremlett}}</ref> Morocco denies these claims and maintains that the Spanish presence in Ceuta and the other ''presidios'' on its coast is a remnant of the colonial past which should be ended. However, the [[United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories]] do not consider those Spanish territories to be colonies, whereas it does declare Gibraltar as a non-[[Decolonization|decolonized]] territory.


====Twin towns — sister cities====
==Twin towns — sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain}}
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain}}

Ceuta is [[town twinning|twinned]] with:
Ceuta is [[town twinning|twinned]] with:
* {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Aci Catena]], [[Italy]]
* {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Aci Catena]], [[Italy]]
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Algeciras]], [[Spain]]
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Algeciras]], [[Spain]]
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Cádiz]], [[Spain]]
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Cadiz]], [[Spain]]
* {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Guadalajara, Jalisco|Guadalajara]], [[Mexico]]
* {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Guadalajara, Jalisco|Guadalajara]], [[Mexico]]
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Melilla]], [[Spain]]
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Melilla]], [[Spain]]
* {{flagicon|POR}} [[Santarém, Portugal|Santarém]], [[Portugal]]
* {{flagicon|POR}} [[Santarém, Portugal|Santarém]], [[Portugal]]

==Economy==
[[File:Bienvenidos a ceuta.jpg|thumb|200px|left|A sign welcoming visitors to Ceuta, showing the flags of Ceuta, [[Spain]] and the [[European Union]].]]
The official currency of Ceuta is the [[euro]]. It is part of a special low tax zone in Spain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceuta.es/servlet/ContentServer?idioma=es_es&mD=true&pagename=CeutaTur%2FInformacionViajero%2FInformacionViajeroDetalle&cid=1113994915129&mC=true&idP=1111055969345&idA=1113994915129|General |title=Economic Data of Ceuta, de ceutna digital |publisher=Ceuta.es |date= |accessdate=2009-06-17}}</ref>
Ceuta is one of two Spanish port cities on the northern shore of Africa, along with [[Melilla]]. They are historically military strongholds, [[free port]]s, oil ports, and also fishing and smuggling centers.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xuBgaSzsYVgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=ceuta+economy&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PPA7,M1 |title=pp. 6–7, IBRU, Boundary and Territory Briefing. Ceuta and the Spanish Sovereign Territories: Spanish and Moroccan |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=2009-06-17}}</ref> Today the economy of the city depends heavily on its port (now in expansion) and its industrial and retail centres.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceuta.es/servlet/ContentServer?idioma=es_es&mD=true&pagename=CeutaTur%2FInformacionViajero%2FInformacionViajeroDetalle&cid=1113994915129&mC=true&idP=1111055969345&idA=1113994915129|General |title=Economic Data of Ceunta, de ceutna digital |publisher=Ceuta.es |date= |accessdate=2009-06-17}}</ref> [[Ceuta Heliport]] is now used to connect the city to mainland Spain by air.

Along with Melilla, Ceuta is the main link to and from the ''[[plazas de soberanía]]'', especially the [[Islas Chafarinas]], occupied by Spain during the 19th century.

==Transport==
The city receives high numbers of ferries each day, most from Spain. Occasionally, cruise ships stop by. Most all dock within an easy walk of downtown shops and restaurants.

Ceuta is a tiny city and the best way to travel may be by bicycle or on foot. There are taxis available. There is a bus service with modern and spacious buses running around the city with stops at the border with Morocco.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wikitravel.org/en/Ceuta#Get_around |title=Ceuta travel guide |publisher=Wikitravel|date=2010-03-06|accessdate=2010-08-08}}</ref>


==Churches==
==Churches==

[[File:Mezquita de Ceuta.jpg|thumb|250px|A mosque in Ceuta]]
*Parroquia De Santa Maria De Los Remedios
*Parroquia De Santa Maria De Los Remedios
*Comunidad Israelita De Ceuta
*Comunidad Israelita De Ceuta
Line 298: Line 222:


==Schools==
==Schools==

*Colegio Público José Ortega y Gasset
*Colegio Público José Ortega y Gasset
*Instituto de Educación Secundaria Siete Colinas
*Instituto de Educación Secundaria Siete Colinas
Line 380: Line 305:
[[ga:Ceuta]]
[[ga:Ceuta]]
[[gd:Ceuta]]
[[gd:Ceuta]]
[[gl:Ceuta]]
[[gag:Ceuta]]
[[gag:Ceuta]]
[[gl:Ceuta]]
[[ko:세우타]]
[[ko:세우타]]
[[hi:सेउटा]]
[[hi:सेउटा]]

Revision as of 15:59, 7 January 2011

"Sabtah" redirects here. For the Biblical figure, see List of minor Biblical figures.
For other uses, see Ceuta (disambiguation).
Ceuta
Autonomous City
Ciudad Autónoma de Ceuta
Autonomous City of Ceuta
Flag of Ceuta
Flag
Coat-of-arms of Ceuta
Coat of arms
Location of Ceuta within Spain
Location of Ceuta within Spain
CountrySpain Spain
CapitalCeuta
Government
 • Mayor-PresidentJuan Jesús Vivas Lara (PP)
Area
(0.0056% of Spain)
 • Total19.5 km2 (7.5 sq mi)
 • Rank18th
Population
 (2010)
 • Total80,570
 • Rank18th
 • Density4,100/km2 (11,000/sq mi)
 • Percent
0.17% of Spain
DemonymCeutan
Demonym
ISO 3166-2
ES-CE
Official languagesSpanish
Statute of AutonomyMarch 14, 1995
ParliamentCortes Generales
Congress1 deputy (of 350)
Senate2 senators (of 264)
Websitewww.ceuta.es

Ceuta (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈθeu̯ta]) is an autonomous city of Spain located on the North African side of the Strait of Gibraltar, on the Mediterranean, which separates it from the Iberian peninsula. The area of Ceuta is approximately 19 square kilometres (7.3 sq mi).

Ceuta is dominated by a hill called Monte Hacho, on which there is a fort used by the Spanish army. Monte Hacho is one of the possible locations for the southern of the Pillars of Hercules of Greek legend, the other possibility being Jebel Musa.

Ceuta, together with the other autonomous city of Melilla and a number of Mediterranean islands, is claimed by Morocco. The amateur radio call sign used for both cities is EA9.[1]

History

Moat of the Royal Wall of Ceuta
A beach in Ceuta, near Spain-Morocco border. Morocco in the background.

Ceuta's strategic location has made it the crucial waypoint of the trade and military ventures of many cultures — beginning with the Carthaginians in the 5th century BC, who called the city Abyla. It was not until the Romans took control in about A.D. 42 that the port city (then named Septem) assumed an almost exclusive military purpose. Approximately 400 years later, the Vandals ousted the Romans from control. Later it would fall to the Visigoths of Hispania and the Byzantines.[2]

In 710, as Muslim armies approached the city, its governor Julian, count of Ceuta, (also described as "king of the Ghomara") changed sides and urged them to invade the Iberian Peninsula. Under the leadership of Berber general Tariq ibn Ziyad, Ceuta was used as a prime staging ground for an assault on Visigothic Hispania soon after.

After Julian's death the Arabs took direct control of the city; this was resented by the surrounding indigenous Berber tribes, who destroyed it in a Kharijite rebellion led by Maysara al-Haqir in 740. It lay in waste until refounded in the 9th century by Majakas, chief of the Majkasa Berber tribe, who started the short-lived dynasty of the Banu Isam. Under his great-grandson they briefly paid allegiance to the Idrisids. The dynasty finally ended when he abdicated in favour of the Umayyad Caliph of Cordoba Abd ar-Rahman III in 931, so the city returned to the Hispanic Andalusian rule like Melilla in 927 and Tangier in 951.

Chaos ensued with the fall of the Umayyad caliphate in 1031, but eventually Ceuta, together with the rest of Muslim Spain, was taken over by the Almoravids in 1084. The Almoravids were succeeded by the Almohads who conquered Ceuta in 1147 ruling it, apart from Ibn Hud's rebellion of 1232, until the Hafsids of Tunisia took it in 1242. The Hafsids' influence in the west rapidly waned, and the city expelled them in 1249. After this, it went through a period of political instability during which the city was disputed between the Kingdom of Fez and the Kingdom of Granada. In 1387, Ceuta was conquered for the last time by the Kingdom of Fez, with Aragonese help.

In 1415, during the Battle of Ceuta, the city was captured by the Portuguese during the reign of John I of Portugal. The King of Spain seized the Portuguese throne in 1580 and held it for 60 years ( Iberian Union ). During this time Ceuta gained many residents of Spanish origin.[3] Thus Ceuta became the only city of the Portuguese Empire that sided with Spain when Portugal regained its independence in 1640 and war broke out between the two countries.

House of the Dragons, in Ceuta

The formal allegiance of Ceuta to Spain was recognized by the Treaty of Lisbon by which, on January 1, 1668, King Afonso VI of Portugal formally ceded Ceuta to Carlos II of Spain. However, the originally Portuguese flag and coat of arms of Ceuta remained unchanged and the modern-day Ceuta flag features the configuration of the Portuguese shield. The flag's background is also the same as that of the flag of Lisbon.

When Spain recognized the independence of Spanish Morocco in 1956, Ceuta and the other plazas de soberanía remained under Spanish rule as they were considered integral parts of the Spanish state. Culturally, modern Ceuta is considered part of the Spanish region of Andalusia. Indeed, it was attached to the province of Cádiz until 1925 — the Spanish coast being only 20 km away. It is a cosmopolitan city, with a large ethnic Berber Muslim minority as well as Sephardic Jewish and Hindu[4] minorities.

On November 5, 2007, King Juan Carlos I visited the city, sparking great enthusiasm from the local population and protests from the Moroccan government.[5] It was the first time a Spanish head of state had visited Ceuta in 80 years.

Ecclesiastical history

The Catholic Diocese of Ceuta existed from 1417 to 1879. It was a suffragan of the Patriarchate of Lisbon until 1675, with the end of the Iberian Union, when Ceuta chose to remain linked to the king of Spain. Since then it was a suffragan of the archbishopric of Seville.[6] The Diocese of Tanger was suppressed and incorporated to that of Ceuta in 1570.[7]

In 1851, upon the signature of the concordat between the Holy See and Spain, the diocese of Ceuta was agreed to be suppressed, being combined into the diocese of Cádiz y Ceuta[8] (up to then diocese of Cádiz y Algeciras), whose bishop usually was the apostolic administrator of Ceuta. The agreement was not implemented until 1879.

Administration

Map of Ceuta (Perejil islet is just off the coast, to the left of the image)

Ceuta is known officially in Spanish as Ciudad Autónoma de Ceuta (lit., Autonomous City of Ceuta), with a rank between a standard Spanish city and an autonomous community.

Ceuta is part of the territory of the European Union. The city was a free port before Spain joined the European Union in 1986. Now it has a low-tax system within the European Monetary System. As of 2006, its population was 75,861.

Ceuta does not have an airport. There is, however, a regular helicopter service from Ceuta Heliport linking it to Málaga Airport. All other access to and from Ceuta is by ferry or land.

Political status

A sign welcoming visitors to Ceuta, showing the flags of Ceuta, Spain and the European Union.

Since 1995, Ceuta is, along with Melilla, one of the two autonomous cities of Spain.[9]

The government of Morocco has repeatedly called for Spain to transfer the sovereignty of Ceuta and Melilla, along with uninhabited islets such as the islands of Alhuceima, Velez and the Perejil island, drawing comparisons with Spain's territorial claim to Gibraltar.[citation needed] In both cases, the national governments and local populations of the disputed territories reject these claims by a large majority. The Spanish position states that both Ceuta and Melilla are integral parts of the Spanish state, and have been since the 15th century, centuries prior to Morocco's independence from Spain in 1956, whereas Gibraltar, being a British Overseas Territory, is not and never has been part of the United Kingdom.[10] Morocco denies these claims and maintains that the Spanish presence in Ceuta and the other presidios on its coast is a remnant of the colonial past which should be ended. However, the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories do not consider those Spanish territories to be colonies, whereas it does declare Gibraltar as a non-decolonized territory.

Ceuta is subdivided into 63 barriadas (neighborhoods), such as Barriada de Berizu, Barriada de P. Alfonso, Barriada del Sarchal, and El Hacho.[11][12][13]

Geography

Ceuta is dominated by Monte Hacho, a hill along its western frontier with Morocco. The mountain is guarded by a Spanish fort. Monte Hacho is one of the possible locations for the southern Pillars of Hercules, of Greek legend (the other possibility being Jebel Musa).

Climate data for Ceuta
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 14
(57) 		15
(59) 		16
(61) 		17
(63) 		19
(66) 		22
(72) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		23
(73) 		20
(68) 		17
(63) 		15
(59) 		19
(66)
Daily mean °C (°F) 13
(55) 		13
(55) 		15
(59) 		15
(59) 		17
(63) 		21
(70) 		23
(73) 		23
(73) 		22
(72) 		19
(66) 		16
(61) 		14
(57) 		18
(64)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 12
(54) 		12
(54) 		13
(55) 		13
(55) 		16
(61) 		18
(64) 		21
(70) 		21
(70) 		20
(68) 		17
(63) 		15
(59) 		13
(55) 		16
(61)
Average precipitation days 7 7 4 5 3 1 0 0 1 6 7 8 49
Source: Weatherbase[14]

Economy

Ceuta City
Location of Ceuta, showing the distance to Spain and Gibraltar.

The official currency of Ceuta is the euro. It is part of a special low tax zone in Spain.[15]

Ceuta is one of two Spanish port cities on the northern shore of Africa, along with Melilla. They are historically military strongholds, free ports, oil ports, and also fishing and smuggling centers.[16] Today the economy of the city depends heavily on its port (now in expansion) and its industrial and retail centres.[17] Ceuta Heliport is now used to connect the city to mainland Spain by air.

Along with Melilla, Ceuta is the main link to and from the plazas de soberanía, especially the Islas Chafarinas, occupied by Spain during the 19th century.

Transport

The city receives high numbers of ferries each day, most from Spain. Occasionally, cruise ships stop by. Most all dock within an easy walk of downtown shops and restaurants.

Ceuta is a tiny city and the best way to travel may be by bicycle or on foot. There are taxis available. There is a bus service with modern and spacious buses running around the city with stops at the border with Morocco.[18]

Twin towns — sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain

Ceuta is twinned with:

Churches

  • Parroquia De Santa Maria De Los Remedios
  • Comunidad Israelita De Ceuta
  • Parroquia De San Francisco
  • Santa Iglesia Catedral
  • Parroquia Santa Maria De Africa — Casa Parroquial
  • Vicaria General Del Obispado De Ceuta
  • Parroquia Santa Teresa De Jesus De Ceuta

Schools

  • Colegio Público José Ortega y Gasset
  • Instituto de Educación Secundaria Siete Colinas
  • Centro de Educación Infantil y Primaria Andrés Manjón
  • Centro de Educación Infantil y Primaria Lope De Vega
  • Centro de Educación Infantil Globitos
  • Instituto de Educación Secundaria Puertas del Campo
  • Colegio Sta. María Micaela
  • Instituto de Educación Secundaria Almina
  • Centro de Educación Infantil y Primaria Maestro José Acosta
  • Colegio Severo Ochoa
  • Centro de Educación Infantil y Primaria Santiago Ramón y Cajal

See also

References

  1. ^ "Amateur Radio Prefixes". Ac6v.com. Retrieved 2010-08-08.
  2. ^ See Hispania#Byzantine reconquest.
  3. ^ Griffin, H (2010). Ceuta Mini Guide. Mirage. ISBN 978-0-9543335-3-9. {{cite book}}: External link in |title= (help)
  4. ^ "Resistir en el monte del Renegado · ELPAÍS.com". Elpais.com. 2009-03-22. Retrieved 2009-06-17.
  5. ^ "Ceuta y Melilla son España, dice Juan Carlos I; Sebta y Melilia son nuestras, responde Mohamed VI". Blogs.periodistadigital.com. 1999-02-22. Retrieved 2009-06-17.
  6. ^ David M. Cheney. "''Catholic Hierarchy'' page". Catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved 2010-08-08.
  7. ^ "Catholic Encyclopedia: Tingis". Newadvent.org. 1912-07-01. Retrieved 2010-08-08.
  8. ^ "Catholic Encyclopedia: Cadiz". Newadvent.org. 1908-11-01. Retrieved 2010-08-08.
  9. ^ "Ley Orgánica 1/1995, de 13 de marzo, Estatuto de Autonomía de Ceuta". Noticias.juridicas.com. Retrieved 2009-06-17.
  10. ^ Tremlett, Giles (2003-06-12). "A rocky relationship". London: Guardian. Retrieved 2009-06-17.
  11. ^ "elpueblodeceuta.es". elpueblodeceuta.es. Retrieved 2009-06-17.
  12. ^ http://www.planetware.com/i/map/MAR/ceuta-map.jpg
  13. ^ "Códigos postales de Ceuta en Ceuta". Codigo-postal.info. Retrieved 2009-06-17.
  14. ^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Ceuta".
  15. ^ "Economic Data of Ceuta, de ceutna digital". Ceuta.es. Retrieved 2009-06-17. {{cite web}}: Text "General" ignored (help)
  16. ^ pp. 6–7, IBRU, Boundary and Territory Briefing. Ceuta and the Spanish Sovereign Territories: Spanish and Moroccan. Books.google.com. Retrieved 2009-06-17.
  17. ^ "Economic Data of Ceunta, de ceutna digital". Ceuta.es. Retrieved 2009-06-17. {{cite web}}: Text "General" ignored (help)
  18. ^ "Ceuta travel guide". Wikitravel. 2010-03-06. Retrieved 2010-08-08.
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