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February 7

Vulcan nerve pinch in Dr Who

Tonight in the gym I was watching some episodes involving the first Doctor, a sequence called The Aztecs. At some point Ian Chesterton performed a maneuver that looked virutally identical in execution and effect to the Vulcan nerve pinch. Looking at the respective wikis for the shows I find that the Dr Who episodes were from 1964, but the first time Spock did his special thing was 1966.

The precedent is mentioned without other comment in our article on the Vulcan technique, but I'm curious whether there's any other evidence for or against the proposition that Roddenberry/Nimoy copied (consciously or otherwise) the earlier show. --Trovatore (talk) 11:16, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

The Vulcan nerve pinch article you mention has lots of information, including that the idea was devised by Nimoy, some speculation that it may have been influenced by the "karate chop" concept that was popular at that time and a mention (and even a photo) of Chesterton. If there was a knocking-out meme in those days, it seems reasonable enough for two different series to apply it in a way apt for specific characters: as the article points out, Nimoy came up with the idea when he rejected the idea of Spock being as violent as the script called for. --Dweller (talk) 12:42, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

I suppose it's not completely out of the question, but it seems like a fairly specific step from "you can knock someone out by hitting the base of the neck" to "you can knock someone out by pinching the shoulder". I'm skeptical of the idea that Nimoy's was truly an independent invention (though he may well have thought it was). But he must have been asked about it at some point — if anyone has seen such an interview, I'd be interested to know. --Trovatore (talk) 19:10, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

Nimoy was seriously considered as the director of a Dr Who movie in 1996 - which suggests he has/had at least some interest & knowledge about Dr Who - but that's flimsey evidence about whether he'd seen that specific show 30 years earlier. SteveBaker (talk) 14:46, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

True. --Trovatore (talk) 19:10, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

Active Shooter Drills at a University

Due to recent high-school shootings, my University is starting to do "Active Shooter" drills. I do not intend to start debate here, but my personal curiosity wonders if this is reasonable, since almost all shootings seem to be at high-schools. I'm not sure if this has anything to do with the person's age and maturity or what, but it has entered my mind as a possibility.

My MAIN question: When was the last time there was an active shooter on a UNIVERSITY campus WITHIN the United States?

Also if possible, what are reasons for staff to believe this is seriously possible when the latest event happened at a completely different level of education institution probably around 1000 miles away?

(Sorry but i personally think its an over reaction, i hear rumors the president is blaming video games instead of looking into the psychology of students who go violent, so I'm thinking the staff of education institutions are freaking out!)

Thanks for any help in knowing the history of University shootings, and the thought process behind these latest actions by University staff. :) 137.81.118.126 (talk) 15:37, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

The single most-deadly mass shooting incident in the US was the 2007 Virginia Tech massacre. Helping debunk the notion of "age or maturity" is the 2010 University of Alabama in Huntsville shooting, where a faculty member murdered colleagues during a meeting. A perusal of our list of school shootings in the United States finds dozens of university-level shooting incidents over the past 20 years. Shooting incidents are not confined to schools, and those which occur at schools are not confined to high schools. — Lomn 15:39, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

You might also want List of attacks related to post-secondary schools, which lists two attacks in the United States in 2012 (one of which was the Oikos University shooting in April). Hut 8.5 17:08, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

If you "do not intend to start debate here", you would perhaps be more believable if you had not said "i personally think its an over reaction". -- Jack of Oz ^[Talk] 17:19, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

Just for the record, I don't think there is any evidence of Obama "planning to blame video games". This might be an unfortunate reference to his gun control plan including funding and removing legal restrictions for research into all possible causes of violence, which includes video games. 46.30.55.66 (talk) 17:32, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

I must agree to your replies that operhaps some of my personal beliefs could have been omitted. I wrote a little hurriedly, and i apologize for this. However, i would like to respond to the reply of Lomn. I do recall Virginia Tech, now that you mention it. However, looking at the list of shootings you have supplied, i had no idea that so many shootings occurred at the university level. Is this a matter of me being ill informed and not keeping in touch with the news as i ought to, or is there perhaps a reason why high school shootings seem to show up all day on tv when they happen, and there seems to be less mention or coverage on university shootings?

137.81.118.126 (talk) 18:08, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

Without a detailed review, my main thought is that the combination of guns and minors will draw additional media attention -- "someone fired a gun at a middle school" is a bigger story, in terms of media coverage, than "someone fired a gun at a grocery store". See, for example, Slate's ongoing "how many people have been shot since Newtown" piece, which, among other things, highlights just how many gun deaths don't make national news. My guess is that non-mass shootings at the university level (where few if any involved are minors) lands closer to "grocery store" than "middle school" on the media coverage scale. In terms of preparedness, though, they're all "active shooter" scenarios, and the same rules for "what do you do if you hear gunfire?" will apply. — Lomn 19:03, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

This evidence confirms my suspicion. Thank you everyone for helping me to understand the reality of the situation, it allows me to appreciate these upcoming drills a lot more. Honestly when i started this post i felt they were vastly an unfounded waste of time... and now i can see that it isn't so much so. Thanks again and have a good day!

137.81.118.126 (talk) 19:25, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

With them arming the lecturers I suppose we can now look forward to more cases like in Huntsville. I hope not too many of them think their students are driving them over the edge by texting during lectures. Hopefully this should at least improve student behaviour! Dmcq (talk) 14:25, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

Stridulum?

What is the name of that gizmo that ancient peoples used to clean themselves with? I believe the romans rubbed olive oil into their skin and used a bladed gadget to scrape the oil (and therefore, the dirt) off. I thought it was called a "stridulum" - but we have no mention of such things here on Wikipedia and Google doesn't find anything obvious. SteveBaker (talk) 17:15, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

It's a strigil. (I googled for "skin oil scraper".) Looie496 (talk) 17:38, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

Argh! I was so close! (A stridulum turns out to be the scrapers that grasshoppers have on their legs to make their characteristic sounds).

Many thanks!

SteveBaker (talk) 17:57, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

'Synchronous Conferencing'

Or online chat groups in more common terms. I want to set one up so members of my club can talk to each other easier, rather than sending individual emails, but I don't know where would be best to go. I have heard good things about these IRC programs, but when I tried myself, I found it difficult and complicated to get set up and to use. I want something simple, free, and easy for anyone (or at least those invited in) to join, but yet also something that looks reasonably nice and professional unlike some I have seen that are bright and cluttered and childish in appearance. I've tried searching on this site and elsewhere, but I can't seem to find anything I want, so I thought I might get further asking other people who may have experience with some nice websites or services.

many thanks,

79.66.102.111 (talk) 18:32, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

Skype is free (for calls to other Skype users), easy, and allows group calls of up to 25 people simultaneously. See [1]. --Jayron32 19:54, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

Its a possibility, but skype does require each person to sign up and create an account first, that much effort might dissuade some people from bothering. 82.132.236.20 (talk) 16:55, 8 February 2013 (UTC)

They're the people who expect to walk into a bank and walk out with a mortgage without ever becoming customers of the bank or even providing any information about their financial circumstances, or even identifying themselves. -- Jack of Oz ^[Talk] 22:09, 8 February 2013 (UTC)

Google groups hangouts also offer a nice video conferencing feature...but you still have to sign on. I don't think you're going to find one that DOESN'T require a sign-on - and if you did, you wouldn't like it because those kinds of system rapidly fill up with spammers and other noxious low-lifes. You really don't want someone adding in a video feed for fake penis enhancement products into your video conference...and that's exactly what would happen if it was open to all without some kind of identification. SteveBaker (talk) 16:44, 9 February 2013 (UTC)

I was meaning a text based chat rather than video, but I guess the point about spam still stands. That's why we used to use chatzy, the only way of getting into the chat is with a link to the page it's on, but the site looks a little informal, maybe not suitable for this club, and it doesn't seem to work right on my phone, meaning I wouldn't be available whilst out and about. 79.66.104.214 (talk) 12:38, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

Have you considered using a twitter feed instead? SteveBaker (talk) 16:42, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

FAA EXAM

What are the basic requirments to right FAA exam? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jissel (talk • contribs) 19:02, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

Which FAA? Which exam? Dismas|^(talk) 19:40, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

Knowing how to spell might be on the list. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 22:19, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

Well for the Angolan Armed Forces I'd guess passing a fitness examination would be the main thing but they probably have enough people currently with having to integrate former UNITA members. Dmcq (talk) 13:56, 8 February 2013 (UTC)

Resolved

 – if you can't specify the question adequately, you probably can't pass the test if you give it equal effort

Shadowjams (talk) 09:15, 9 February 2013 (UTC)

February 8

Early transgender

Odd question but prior to the 20th century which is the earliest known human society which did not treat transgendered individuals in a negative manner? Sfan00 IMG (talk) 18:45, 8 February 2013 (UTC)

I'm afraid you'll have to clarify the question. "Society" is a mixture of people with a mixture of attitudes -- do you mean the majority or a significant minority? And what do you mean by transgendered? Do eunuchs count? Men who dress in women's clothing? Women who disguise themselves as men? Looie496 (talk) 19:06, 8 February 2013 (UTC)

Look up berdache and shaman. There are plenty of prehistoric neolithic siberian and native new world societies that treated people living as the opposite gender matter-of-factly or even as magical.

For example, Transvestite Shamans among the Chukchi. There are also accounts among the Paleo-Siberian peoples by Russian explorers of people who "changed sex" after what was often described as "an illness" during puberty and took up living as the opposite gender with a companion of the same biological sex whether they were shamans or not. μηδείς (talk) 19:31, 8 February 2013 (UTC)

To clarify on some points,I meant a society where transgender were not seen treated negatively by the majority culture, and I do mean opposite gender mannerisms and clothing choice as opposed to mere lack of gender specific charcteristics. Also for clarifcation I did mean FtM as well as MtF Sfan00 IMG (talk) 20:02, 8 February 2013 (UTC)

There is no such thing as society. There are men and women, and intersex people, and transgendered people, and very confused people, and there are families (paraphrase of Margaret Thatcher - original quote: [2]). -- Jack of Oz ^[Talk] 20:51, 8 February 2013 (UTC)

If intersex people were to gather at an intersexion, would that be redundant? ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 06:28, 9 February 2013 (UTC)

You do realize Intersexuality is a medical condition? μηδείς (talk) 18:19, 9 February 2013 (UTC)

Yes. I wasn't born yesterday. Hence the small print in my previous comment. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 19:45, 9 February 2013 (UTC)

Small type usually indicates a joke, not acknowledgment of an often difficult medical condition. What's next, asking whether people with wooden legs squeak around at Cripple Creak? μηδείς (talk) 20:21, 9 February 2013 (UTC)

You beat me to it. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 23:22, 9 February 2013 (UTC)

Wikipedia is anti-semitic?

The day pages for each date has holidays and observances from Burundi, Somalia, Buddhism, Bahai, Scientology, etc. -- but NEVER lists Jewish holidays or observances.

I'm sure the editors can explain away their anti-semitism, and will jump thru many hoops claiming why ignoring one of the world's major religions is really my fault, not theirs --

really, this is what all that hoo-ha about Philip Roth was about, wasn't it? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mover2100 (talk • contribs) 22:08, 8 February 2013 (UTC)

I'm sure you can explain away why an absence of some Jewish information automatically translates to "anti-semitism". -- Jack of Oz ^[Talk] 22:11, 8 February 2013 (UTC)

I don't know that your assertion is true, but, even assuming that it is, it hardly proves bias. Presumably there are many ethnic groups who have not yet been included, just because we haven't gotten to them. StuRat (talk) 22:18, 8 February 2013 (UTC)

Yeah, right -- Jews are so inconsequential you "haven't got around" to acknowledging their existence.

Could it be because most Jewish holidays don't happen on the same day every year? If you need to know the dates of Jewish holidays, you'll want Jewish and Israeli holidays 2000–2050. I don't think the most likely explanation is that Wikipedia is anti-semitic. It would be difficult to be anti-semitic with this many Jewish editors. -FisherQueen (talk · contribs) 22:23, 8 February 2013 (UTC)

The way the OP seems to be saying it, Easter wouldn't be there either. Nor would Thanksgiving. Nor would any holiday that's based on the solar calendar and/or a particular day of the week, rather than on a fixed month-and-day. ←Baseball Bugs

Exactly right -- but don't expect any anti-semite to even recognize this point

What's up, Doc? carrots→ 22:30, 8 February 2013 (UTC)

I've seen Jewish holidays announced on the Main page whenever they occur, so that would counter the OP's presumption of lack of coverage due to anti-semitism. I don't know what a "day page for each date" is, though. DRosenbach ^{(Talk | Contribs)} 03:59, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

(edit conflict)

I suspect the problem here is that Jewish holidays (as with many other religions) are on a different calendar to the widely-used Gregorian calendar, and thus tend to move around a bit when viewed on that calendar - for example Purim is on 24/Feb this year, but 16/Mar next year and 8/Mar last year. It thus wouldn't be particularly useful to list it on the general pages covering February 24, March 8 or March 16 - these pages are meant to list events specific to the day in that calendar. There are no specific articles for individual days of the Jewish calendar, but there are collected pages by month, eg/ Adar (which does indeed list Purim, and does not list any events not recorded in that specific calendar.

This problem is common to other religions, not just Judaism - August 7 does not list Eid al-Fitr, and March 27 does not list Holi, because these are not going to occur on the same Gregorian date each year. You mention Bahá'í, which is an interesting case - the Bahá'í calendar is synchronised to the Gregorian calendar, so events in it do map directly to individual Gregorian days and thus can be reliably listed. The Buddhist calendar is lunisolar, so I'm surprised to hear religious holidays are being listed - perhaps these are specific Gregorian dates used for celebrating Buddhist holidays in some countries? I haven't found an example in a quick poke around, so I;m not sure what's going on here.

Why are you "surprised"? Why don't you just go to the pages and see what's listed -- LOTS of observances that fall on different days of each year are listed, but NO JEWS ALLOWED. I mention BaHai because wikipedia tries to have a beneer of o-so-political correctness to list any holiday important to less than 1% of the world's population -- but one of the major religions gets IGNORED, and pointing this out just leads to idiotic attacks from those who appear o-so-defensive when they're finally called on their prejudices.

The reason for the relative prominence of Christian festivals and secular holidays (Burundi, Somalia, etc) is simply that these do run on the Gregorian system used for these articles, and so can reliably be linked to specific days. You'll notice, though, that some movable holidays (eg Easter, undeniably a major feast in Christianity) are not listed; it's only the ones with specific immovable dates.

Hope this helps explain things... Andrew Gray (talk) 22:45, 8 February 2013 (UTC)

• I'm quite confused by the OP's assertion that Wikipedia doesn't recognize Jewish Holidays. Rosh Hashanah was noted on the main page of Wikipedia on September 9 2010 September 29, 2011, and on September 17 2012. I've not looked back any farther, but you can also find many other Jewish holidays announced on the main page. Just for 2012, the main page recognized Purrim on March 8, Rosh Hoshanah as noted above, Yom Kippur on Sept. 26, Hanukkah on December 8, and at this point I think we've comprehensively disproven the OP's assertion that Jewish holidays are never recognized at Wikipedia. Any conclusion about Antisemitism drawn from such an assertion doesn't even need to be addressed as the basic premise, that as the OP said "NEVER" list Jewish holidays, is demonstratably false. If he's going to accuse Wikipedia of systematic antisemitism, he's going to need some other basis to hang it on. --Jayron32 23:47, 8 February 2013 (UTC)

above assertions are all DEMONSTRABLY FALSE by any who care to go to the pages in question -- while every and any CHRISTIAN or BIZARRE holiday is listed, you refuse to recognize Jewish holidays and observances -- THEY DO NOT APPEAR on the "On this day" pages -- altho other, lesser known holidays (Easter, Lunar New Year, Orthodox observances) which ALL FALL ON DIFFERENT DAYS from year to year DO APPEAR ON YOUR MAGICAL "ON THIS DAY" pages.

Maybe the OP wants every article from September 5 to October 5 to say "In some years the Jewish holiday Rosh Hashanah falls on this date". That would be silly, and many dates would get mention of multiple Jewish holidays which never fall on the same day. PrimeHunter (talk) 00:06, 9 February 2013 (UTC)

Or maybe the OP is just trolling. Take a look at the quality of the handful of edits he's posted in the last few years. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 06:27, 9 February 2013 (UTC)

WHY IS WIKIPEDIA ANTI-SEMITIC by ignoring Jewish holidays and observances? You IGNORE them all, even the most important that butt their way into your white christian world view. When PURIM starts on February 23, IT IS IGNORED on the "On this day" events page for the 23rd & 24th ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_23 ) ROSH HASHANAH is IGNORED on the "On this day" page -- every unknown, mythical Christian saints day is mentioned but NO JEWISH HOLIDAYS OR OBSERVANCES are even mentioned on the days pages they fall on -- EASTER fall on different days each year, yet somehow this anti-semitic group is able to list it no matter that the VAST MAJORITY of the world cares NOTHING about EASTER BUNNIES -- and despite the foolish assertion above that it is ALSO not mentioned, to try and prove you're even handed in your prejudices -- but it IS THERE, on both the Western and the Orthodox days, despite the fact you won't go to the page on your own ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_15 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_8) Same with The Lunar New Year and all other orthodox calendar dates -- they all fall on different days of the Gregorian calendar, yet they still get listed -- but clearly NO JEWS ALLOWED reigns at your great experiment, because Jewish observances are NEVER listed on your "On this day" pages, despite the ignorant assertions that this fact is considered "demonstrably false" by your good, christian oriented editors

What are you talking about? Purim was on Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/March 7 for 2012. It hasn't been updated for 2013 yet. Not only that, but Purim gets listed twice: once again on Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/March 8: other religious holidays don't get that special treatment. This the same for Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur as well. —howcheng {chat} 02:07, 13 February 2013 (UTC)

Sublicensing

The following discussion is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

---

Suppose a program's license prohibits modification, but allows sublicensing. Is it permissible to sublicense it under a license that does permit modification, and then modify it? Pokajanje|Talk 23:36, 8 February 2013 (UTC)

If the license is well written, it will impose the same terms on sublicensing as are imposed by the original license. There is, of course, no guarantee that every license across the world is well written. Looie496 (talk) 00:48, 9 February 2013 (UTC)

assignatus utitur jure auctoris there are not many situations in life where I can use that phrase so I'm going to put it out there now, even if inappropriate :) ---- _nonsense ferret 02:02, 9 February 2013 (UTC)

To be more specific, here's the license I have in mind. It gives me the right to "without limitation...sublicense...the Font Software", which would seem to indicate I can sublicense it under a more permissive license. It doesn't appear to be very "well written", as you say. Pokajanje|Talk 02:17, 9 February 2013 (UTC)

We can't give legal advice. If you want clarification on what the license allows, talk to your lawyer, or send an e-mail to the address in the license. RudolfRed (talk) 03:11, 9 February 2013 (UTC)

what he said ^ but in general principle you can't give someone a better right than you have yourself. ---- _nonsense ferret 03:26, 9 February 2013 (UTC)

The license you linked to says "The above copyright and trademark notices and this permission notice shall be included in all copies of one or more of the Font Software."...which means that your sublicense is required to contain all the terms and restrictions that you agreed to - so, no - you can't duck out of your responsibilities. SteveBaker (talk) 04:15, 9 February 2013 (UTC)

...Oh, and BTW, the word "sublicense" means: "a license granted by a licensee to a third party, under the authority of the license originally granted by a licensor to the licensee". The whole meaning of sublicensing is that you're giving your licensee the same license that you were granted in the first place. What you're proposing to do is not "sublicense" but "relicense" - and you definitely haven't been granted the right to do that. SteveBaker (talk) 04:20, 9 February 2013 (UTC)

The license requires that the permission notices appear with the software. It doesn't require that the software actually be under them. Pokajanje|Talk 16:16, 9 February 2013 (UTC)

The permission notice is not centrally relevant to the question: inclusion of a disclaimer on the goods being passed does not without more modify the legal rights attaching to the underlying intellectual property.

The correct answer is as User:nonsenseferret said in Latin (which the OP does not seem to have understood) and what User:SteveBaker explained in a different way but in English immediately above: you cannot pass on rights which you do not have. As a licensee you only have the rights to the property granted to you by the licensor, and so the rights to the same property you grant to a sublicensee is limited to what was granted to you. Any purported grant in excess is not effective, just as it would not be effective if you tried to transfer a whole building to a buyer when you only own one floor of it.

In this case the relevant property is the intellectual property in the software. You were granted a licence that does not include a right to modify it, so the sublicence you grant cannot exceed the licence you hold. --PalaceGuard008 (Talk) 15:45, 9 February 2013 (UTC)

Yep - USLegal.com says: "Assignatus utitur jure auctoris is a legal maxim that is related to principals and agents. This means an assignee is clothed with the rights of his/her principal. An assignee when assigned with rights not only becomes entitled to the rights but to the actions at law by which the right can be enforced. In some cases such actions can be specially assigned."...in other words - no, our OP can't do this. (A very good thing IMHO!) SteveBaker (talk) 16:51, 9 February 2013 (UTC)

What they said ^ there was also the phrase "nemo dat quod non habet" - nobody can give you something they don't have - which is highly appropriate but wasn't proper roman civil law, as it was just a made up phrase by english common lawyers ---- _nonsense ferret 18:55, 9 February 2013 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Please do not ask for or post legal advice. i kan reed (talk) 19:55, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

Discussion of legal concepts in the abstract is not offering legal advice. --PalaceGuard008 (Talk) 09:37, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

It is indeed legal advice if it provides concrete instruction on what kinds of action are and are not legal. The format of this question is "is it legal to do x in circumstance y" and the wikimedia foundation could be found liable of providing misleading legal advice should anyone act on the answers given. That's why it's not allowed. i kan reed (talk) 19:35, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

February 9

how is it that we can not all come to a understanding that we are all the same

this would be a much better question for an internet forum
The following discussion has been closed. Please do not modify it.
my question is. how is it that we can not all come to a understanding that we are all the same the onley big difference to us all is that we share diffrent skin. we all bleed the same eat the same and grow the same way but we can not seem to get along with each outher. because i know if we all did we would not be slaves to the governments of the world and would realise that to be free is to be able to live where you like and to be able to substain your self i.e with food from the land and not just to kill with out balanceing out what you take from the world. thx all 90.208.150.81 (talk) 21:39, 9 February 2013 (UTC) See human nature, for starters. ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 23:20, 9 February 2013 (UTC) We can't do debate questions here, and I will refrain from offering my opinion. μηδείς (talk) 01:42, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

February 10

memorrial/military

thiepeal/britishmemamorial namesthereon? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.97.96.186 (talk) 16:11, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

Are you referring to Thiepval Memorial? ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 18:47, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

Thiepval shows the names of the missing at the Battles of the Somme in 1915 and 1916. The Menin Gate shows the names of Commonwealth soldiers without a known grave who died in the various battles on the Ypres Salient from 1914 to 1917. The Tyne Cot Memorial to the Missing has the names of those who died in the same area between August 1917 and the Armistice. The United Kingdom's national memorial is the Cenotaph, Whitehall in London, which carries no names. Alansplodge (talk) 19:19, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

I'm sorry, I've just noticed that you asked specifically about Thiepval. You can find details of the names at the Commonwealth War Graves Commission website; Find War Dead - THIEPVAL MEMORIAL. The results are in alphabetical order by surname, but you can change the order by clicking the arrows on the green bar at the top. I hope that helps. Alansplodge (talk) 19:19, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

What is your profession ?

I always see some users (like Jayron, StuRat, Wickwack, Nimur, Jack of Oz, Baseball Bugs, Trovatore, SteveBaker, Plasmic Physics, BenRG, sean hoyland, Dbfirs, Dmcq, Looie, Guy Macon, Shantavira, Whoop whoop pull up, Someguy1221, Mr.98, Wnt, μηδείς, Futurist, Gilderien, Hcobb, DMacks, Gandalf, Modocc, Ruslik_Zero, iouch!, and many others) editing Wikipedia, answering questions asked on Reference Desk, creating new articles, managing archives, and many other bulky things. Why do you do so ? Whether it is your profession or you do these things for knowledge. Do you earn money from this ? I am curious to know why you do such bulky job ? Which of the following is the main reason for your noble work ? - For money, or for knowledge, or for any other reason, or for all reasons I mentioned. Whenever I ask questions on Reference Desk, I get reply instantly whether it is day or night. Why you all remain connected to Wikipedia throughout the day ? Whether you all are working in the same building or different countries ? Want to be Einstein (talk) 16:34, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

The answers are many and varied. You might want to start at Wikipedia:Wikipedians.--Shantavira|^{feed me} 16:49, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

• If there were more TV shows with Summer Glau I'd probably edit much less. I enjoy writing, and I type fast. μηδείς (talk) 17:54, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

It's not for pay, it's a hobby, like collecting stamps, only much more fun and interesting. And it's also very educational. I learn new things from wikipedia nearly every day. It's the first place I look for any factual information. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 18:43, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

Oh, yes, that's a huge point. I have learned some incredible stuff from other people's threads and gotten great answers to questions of my own, often things I have wondered about for years and had absolutely no idea where to find the answer. I read all the major popular science and news websites, for example, but find I get a much more information-dense experience here than reading the general media. A bit random here, but that's a good thing to, as it brings up things you didn't even know you didn't even know. μηδείς (talk) 19:04, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

Professional imposter, you too can do it ;-) Dmcq (talk) 18:54, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

We're all around the world, so if you post something here, it shouldn't be too long before someone who knows the answer sees your question. Of course this will take longer if you ask something more specialised. --TammyMoet (talk) 20:11, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

Some (most, I dare say), such as myself, work at a computer and therefore have access to both Wikipedia and other resources that can help answer questions. We also want to know things and due to that desire, also already know many things. Not only do I use the desks to read responses on topics that I was unfamiliar with and then read the articles that are mentioned (and thus learn) but helping out also satisfies my desire to help out the world in general. I already help out my local animal shelter, so why not help here? Dismas|^(talk) 20:37, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

• I'm a chemistry teacher by profession; but I am not currently practicing by choice; when we had children I became a stay-at-home parent during the day, and I now work some during the evenings as a private tutor. When my children are all at school, I intend to return to the teaching profession. Having a "job" which naps 3 hours per day opens me up to having some free time to work on Wikipedia. --Jayron32 20:39, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

• I'm a masochist, and I find I can be abused much more quickly and cheaply here than by paying a dominatrix to do so. :-) StuRat (talk) 05:30, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

A true masochist who's a straight male would probably prefer a dominator to a dominatrix. Then again ... -- Jack of Oz ^[Talk] 07:24, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

• I am a freelance translator, which means I use a computer for most of my day, and I have to look up information to help me in my job. There are some periods when I have no work to do, so I just read anyway, just to save time when my next job comes in, and also answer questions here on the RefDesks in my subject area. I'm also a language teacher, so I need Wikipedia to answer questions I may have in class. The questions can be quite varied, so I need to anticipate what they will be, and what the best answers should be. I don't get paid for editing Wikipedia, but I receive at least as much knowledge as (or probably more than) I give here, so it's a good thing for me. KägeTorä - (影虎) (TALK) 06:33, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

I like helping people, work in a creative industry and do my best work while thinking about totally unconnected things (some creative people may be able to squeeze out ideas like toothpaste from a tube, but my toothpaste likes to come out of its own accord when I've left the bathroom, turned the light off and gone downstairs, making me wonder if it's actually goblins squeezing the tube for me), and have a low tolerance for boredom. The Ref Desks help me with all three of these aspects of my frankly barmy personality. So actually, by you posting here, you're actually helping me and probably keeping me saner (note the comparative) than I'd otherwise be. --Dweller (talk) 11:21, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

Like others I edit in part to gain knowledge. But it has to be something I enjoy, so I tend to stay away from areas of Wikipedia that would cause me stress or that I couldn't edit neutrally. For the most part none of us get paid, there are a few (paid editors) WP:Paid editing but they probably don't edit much outside of the area they are getting paid to work on. Also the replies you get here will be from the "good guys". The editors here are editing for the right reasons but if you look around there are other editors that come with a specific agenda. They come with all sorts of agenda. To fight nationalistic battles, ensure their favourite cause is correctly presented, ensure that "famous person" who they hate is painted as black as possible. Fortunately there are more of the "good guys" than them. CambridgeBayWeather (talk) 14:47, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

I work in computer graphics - I frequently have a few minutes to spare (ob.xkcd ref: http://xkcd.com/303/) and the reference desk is a great 5 minute mental workout. Some questions require one to employ lateral thinking - others are more like a crossword puzzle. The best ones require one to learn something new in order to answer correctly - often resulting in an interesting trawl though some of Wikipedia's back-waters. I'm fairly sure that I learn more by answering questions than I could by asking them. This morning, I learned (by finding the equation and crunching the numbers) that if the earth were a black hole, it would fit into a test-tube and I realized that a pie chart that someone had posted in answer to a question was in fact useless. OK - my compile just finished - so back to actual work! SteveBaker (talk) 16:36, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

I miss mainframe days, when submitting a program to compile guaranteed me a coffee break. :-) StuRat (talk) 17:50, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

Payment for editing is very rare, though someone on the Wikipedia:Reward board is offering "€100 to a charity of your choice". I edit and answer questions as a hobby, usually whilst listening to the radio or watching TV or participating in a conversation (though my ability to multi-task is declining!) Like others, I find that I learn by answering. Occasionally I just know the answer, but often I have to check my facts (or wish afterwards that I had done so), and sometimes I see a question that I know very little about, but might have asked myself, so I do some research to find an answer. I don't spend all day connected to Wikipedia, but keep coming back to it, like an addiction! Dbfirs 18:14, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

Correcting some of the dumb and useless answers certain people give is one of my main reasons for being here. Adam Bishop (talk) 22:15, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

You're not working hard enough at it, I fear. --jpgordon^{::==( o )} 22:42, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

I was going to say there are more of them than there are of us...but that's not true, they're just more prolific... Adam Bishop (talk) 00:58, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

mountain passes of the carpathians OR carpathian passes

Why is the Uzhok Pass missing from your list of passes? It runs between Uzhgorod and Turka. It was VERY important during wars and political and transportation issues. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.6.117.104 (talk) 18:19, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

You can add it yourself. You can also create the English article. Articles already exist in German, Czech, Polish, Ukranian, and Russian. You can find the links to those articles at the bottom of this page. μηδείς (talk) 18:50, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

awkard question

how much is a corresponding bra size c in practice? --80.161.143.239 (talk) 18:47, 10 February 2013 (UTC)Italic text

How much what? Your question doesn't make sense. What about bra size "c" do you want to know? --Jayron32 18:48, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

Flesh, maybe? The OP could check out Brassiere measurement and see if that makes his cup of knowledge runneth over. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 18:50, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

I mean do it corresponds for example. an orange, a pear or something else? --80.161.143.239 (talk) 19:00, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

More like a pair, typically. But feel free to buy a bunch of different sizes and test them with various fruits. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 20:15, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

With the approach of St Valentines Day, and as a service to mankind, I post this article here. You're welcome. --TammyMoet (talk) 19:09, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

Good article and it actually mentions something that I suggest to other men rather often, snoop! For extra money, I work customer service at an online clothing retailer. The question that I get the most is "What size would fit my wife/girlfriend who is XXX tall and XXX pounds?" I don't know! But your wife/girlfriend does. She's wearing exactly those size of clothes right now and there are likely many more examples in her drawers and closet. So go look. And then the part that I don't mention since it would get me fired, is that if they are ordering a clothing item now with such a short time until Valentine's Day then they are bad planners who should just go get her some flowers which do not have any size requirements.

when buying women clothing, for Valentines Day for instance, buy it a size or two smaller. Supply a gift receipt so she can return it "if it's too big". I imagine buying a bra would go the other direction. Gzuckier (talk) 06:39, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

And the other thing I've never understood about comparing breasts to fruits is the fact that fruits are basically spherical and breasts are more hemispherical, especially when contained within a bra. So if a woman has apple sized breasts (I'll leave out the debate over how big of an apple we're talking about), does that mean that an entire apple would fit in her bra if put on a flat chested analogous person or does it mean that half an apple would more correctly simulate the size of her breast? Dismas|^(talk) 20:31, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

According to Brassiere measurement#Cup volume relative to band size,

Bra cup size is relative to the band size, as the actual volume of a woman's breast changes with the dimension of her chest. The volume of a brassiere cup is the same for 30D, 32C, 34B, and 36A. These related bra sizes of the same cup volume are called sister sizes. It is sometimes possible that two adjacent sister sizes will both fit a woman, since the cup volume is the same, while the band size can be adjusted to a small degree by using the hook and eye fasteners in the bra clasp.

So the fruit comparison doesn't work because it varies across band size (torso size). Duoduoduo (talk) 21:00, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

presidential fitness award requirements 1956 +/-

what were the test requirements for earning the presidential fitness award. I remember taking the test in 1956 or 195771.37.2.205 (talk) 20:33, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

February 11

Hopping a freight

In Nazi Germany and German-occupied countries during World War 2, what security measures (if any) were in place to stop people from catching rides on freight trains? (I'm sure they had some kind of measures in place, because that would have been a great way for guerrillas to move around the country and evade capture). 24.23.196.85 (talk) 02:02, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

Soldiers yanking them off and shooting them in the face would probably have done it. --Jayron32 02:04, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

Sure enough, but did they systematically check the trains for stowaways, and if so, in what manner? 24.23.196.85 (talk) 02:13, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

This is the responsibility of the train guard in Europe. Itsmejudith (talk) 02:55, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

Thanks! That's what I hoped to hear. (And of course, the French/Belgian/Dutch/etc. train guards [conductors?] would only perform a perfunctory check, most of the time, right?) 24.23.196.85 (talk) 04:22, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

It might be worth pointing out that the WP article on freighthopping is written from a wholly American perspective and I'd suggest that in this instance this is because the practice is primarily American. The image of hobos leaping onto a slow-moving train and hitching a ride in a boxcar is a familiar one to me from US books and movies, but I can think of relatively few European examples from fiction. There also doesn't seem to be a European equivalent to the hobo. Someone with a better knowledge of rail transport than me may wish to comment on this, but my perception is that North American freight trains can often be quite slow-moving and that North American tracks are often easily accessible running through open areas without fencing or embankments or cuttings. This permits multiple points of access to the trains - in addition to the freight yards - for those who want to scramble aboard and stow away. European railways are more likely to be fenced off (in my experience) or more difficult to access due to physical geography (cuttings, embankments, position running at the back of private land etc.). I'm also of the impression that European trains are more likely to move quickly once away from the goods yard, leaving goods yards as the main place to access them. I am assuming that, in wartime, goods yards would have been well-guarded. I'm assuming also that the movie image of someone hopping a train in North America and climbing up into a boxcar with an already open door has some basis in reality. My observation of modern European trains - I cannot speak for those in the 1940s - is that goods vans usually have closed doors with some form of lock! So the practice of guarding goods yards and keeping goods wagons closed would have been fairly straightforward ways to avoid anyone "hopping a freight" in wartime Europe. Valiantis (talk) 05:16, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

The French resistance had a network among railway workers, but their main task was to blow up trains and, where possible, lines and bridges. They did not move around the country by stowing away on trains. That would have invited capture, followed by torture and the revealing of secrets. The Nazi occupied countries were very heavily policed, not least by the SS. Itsmejudith (talk) 08:02, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

I think Valiantis has got this right. Most of the WWII escape stories I have read, where train travel was used, see escapers travelling in passenger carriages, usually having purchased a ticket (using either fake money sent in parcels from home, or money bartered with guards for cigarettes or chocolate). The reason is probably like Valiantis says, that in Europe it's more difficult to get on to a train whilst it's moving, and that when freight trains are not moving they would be in a defended freight-yard. Given the choice between trying to outwit a civilian ticket collector, who would likely be unarmed, or a bunch of machine-gun wielding soldiers guarding a rail yard, I'd suggest that the former would be the more attractive prospect. That's not to say, however, that escapees didn't try to 'ride the rails' - I definitely recall reading about someone trying it, but I can't recall which story I saw it in right now. - Cucumber Mike (talk) 14:35, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

In France, all boxcars (or "goods wagons" if you're British) were built to a standard design, which could be used by the military in time of war. Each had a sign stencilled on the outside; "hommes : 40, chevaux en long : 8" ("40 men or 8 horses lengthways").[3] If memory serves, there was a big steel locking bar on the door. Alansplodge (talk) 18:56, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

Thanks, everyone! So, the sum total of this is, once that E-boat hits that mine, my characters won't be able to hop a freight out of Brittany, as originally planned. (I thought about having them stow away while that Lorient-Cologne mixed freight was standing on a siding, but the Quimper-Rennes line has double tracks throughout.) And that means they'll have to steal a truck or something.  :-( 24.23.196.85 (talk) 00:26, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

history of human experimentation in the usa

I am looking for all the information relating to human experimentation in the united states only, where would I locate all of this information? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.215.146.165 (talk) 16:10, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

I searched, and found that Wikipedia has two articles that I think will be helpful to you. Human subject research is not US-exclusive, but does contain information about human experimentation in the United States. There's also Unethical human experimentation in the United States. -FisherQueen (talk · contribs) 16:25, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

I'm not quite sure how to interpret the Q. Do you mean experimentation on humans by others, as FisherQueen took it, or experimentation by humans on themselves, or some other type of experimentation done by humans ? StuRat (talk) 16:30, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

White lube powder ?

I have a sliding/folding closet door which binds up at the bottom, so would like to lubricate it. Unfortunately, there's white shag carpet both inside and outside the closet, so any dark lubricants, like graphite powder, are out. I could use white grease or wax, but that would pick up dust in time and become dark, then stain the carpet. So, I was thinking some type of white lubricant powder might be best. Would talcum powder work ? Any other suggestions ? StuRat (talk) 17:13, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

Not enough info. Is there metal a rail/track with a slider mechanism on the bottom,top, or both? Using talc is probably a bad idea, it will attract moisture and get gooey, not lubricate. SemanticMantis (talk) 17:38, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

Plastic slider in metal track. Top is metal slider in metal track, and it doesn't bind up there, as the weight is on the bottom, and friction is higher at the bottom, too. StuRat (talk) 17:42, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

Ok, then my first line of attack would be to diagnose the problem. Lube of any sort will not fix the problem, only treat the symptoms. The most likely scenarios are: 1) bottom track is no longer straight or "true", either in the main shape, or the flanges. You could inexpensively replace the track, or pull it out and try to straighten it. 2) Door frame is no longer true. You probably can't fix that if you are asking this question, but you may be able to get clever with some planing, sanding, or wedges. 3) Build up of dust/dirt in the track. Simple cleaning with a few drops of oil (or ski wax) may help. SemanticMantis (talk) 17:46, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

Actually I know the problem, but fixing it the "right way" isn't an option. Here are diagrams (top view):

HALF OPEN (CURRENT DESIGN):

 Fixed
 Pivot    Slider
 o==========o======= Rail
  \        /
   \ Doors/ 
    \    /    
     \  /
     +\/+ Handles

FULLY OPEN (CURRENT DESIGN):

 oo================= Rail
 || 
 || 
 || Doors   
 ||
+||+ Handles

The problem here is that when fully opened, the angle from the handle to the rail is too much, so that most of the force is trying to move the slider at a right angle to the rail, rather than along it. Adding a handle closer to the rail would fix this:

HALF OPEN (WITH ADDITIONAL HANDLE):

 Fixed
 Pivot    Slider
 o==========o======= Rail
  \        /+ New Handle
   \ Doors/ 
    \    /    
     \  /
     +\/+ Handles

FULLY OPEN (WITH ADDITIONAL HANDLE):

 oo================= Rail
 ||+ New Handle
 || 
 || Doors   
 ||
+||+ Handles

However, it's my mom's house, and she doesn't want that. So, reducing friction is the next best option. StuRat (talk) 18:12, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

WD-40? That'd be my choice. See also Dry lubricant, particularly Hexagonal boron nitride, also known as 'white graphite'. - Cucumber Mike (talk) 18:20, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

Do home improvement stores carry boron nitride, or would I have to buy it online ? StuRat (talk) 18:48, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

No idea. I'd never heard of it until 15 minutes ago. However, it seems that it is a tad expensive, running at €117 for 50g. Having said that, I found it available on Amazon at a more sensible price - $10 for 0.4oz. - Cucumber Mike (talk) 18:57, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

Aha - got it! What you want is Panef powdered white lubricant - "For use on metal, wood, plastic, rubber and leather. Ideal for many applications including: windows, door locks, sliding tracks, cabinets and zippers." Available from Sears. - Cucumber Mike (talk) 19:13, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

Looks good. But before I buy it, do we know that it's better than talcum powder ? StuRat (talk) 19:16, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

(edit conflict)It's worth trying talcum powder (I've used cheap talc in similar situations), but you will probably have to keep topping it up. I assume you've checked that the rail is clear of debris and fibre from the carpet, and that the plastic slider hasn't become deformed. If the door is painted or polished, then you might be able to add a suction-cup handle as a temporary measure without marking the door. Some adhesives claim to be removable without leaving a mark. Try these alternatives at your own risk since I don't want to be responsible for incurring parental wrath. Dbfirs 18:33, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

The suction cup handle might work, I'll see if I can find one. Of course, lubricant would still help, even with the new handle. StuRat (talk) 18:48, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

Avoid the WD 40 on plastic. That powdered white lubricant sounds good. I've used silicon grease in plastic hinges before. You only need a tiny amount. Dmcq (talk) 21:44, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

SemanticMantis mentioned ski wax and I think that's a good idea. I would try rubbing an appropriately whittled-down paraffin candle onto the surface. The paraffin coating may act as a lubricant. Bus stop (talk) 01:51, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

Thanks so far, everyone. I'll put talcum powder on first, and see if that does the trick. If not, then I think I'll try the powder from Sears. If it still needs more lube, I'll try wax. StuRat (talk) 01:58, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

A trick to assembling tight fitting mitered corners for stretcher bars is to first rub wax on the areas of the wood that have to fit together, hence I consider the wax (paraffin) a lubricant. Bus stop (talk) 02:18, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

In addition to lubrication, that might also fill in gaps to keep a loose frame from rattling. StuRat (talk) 02:27, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

I keep having these thoughts that this question is StuRat's subtle, roundabout way of telling us about the closet he's out of (well, he's not in it, unless his computer's in there, so he must be out of it; it's obvious when you think about it). I've resisted sharing these thoughts here so far, but I wonder how long I'll be able to keep on resisting.  :) -- Jack of Oz ^[Talk] 02:47, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

Stu has a "shag carpet"?! Most people use a bed. I have never heard of anyone having a specific carpet for it. KägeTorä - (影虎) (TALK) 03:04, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

What Stu probably hasn't mentioned yet is that it is the squeaking sound of the opening and closing door is driving him crazy, hence the need to lubricate the bugger. Bus stop (talk) 03:44, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

Of course! He's looking for lube recommendations! How could I have missed that clue? Gzuckier (talk) 06:51, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

Powdered teflon used to be available in those little squeezy tubes for locks, as an improvement over graphite; I haven't seen it sold as such for a while, so of course now i hoard it every time I see it, which is sold as lubricant for those (US) boy scout wooden car race project items, (at Michaels crafts stores (in the US) is where I see it). Kind of hit or miss finding it there too, so maybe it's bad for you or something. Talcum powder is a decent lube, its Achilles heel is that it absorbs humidity and gets sticky. Gzuckier (talk) 06:45, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

Side question for Stu--How'd you make 'em diagrams?

Did you actually sit there and compose those fixed-width character diagrams by hand, or do you have a program that helps do that? μηδείς (talk) 04:09, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

I composed it manually. ASCII art isn't that hard, once you're used to it. Before I was able to write programs with real pixel graphics, I did quite a bit of this type. It can still be useful to display a low res image, say of a graph, to check it before rendering it. StuRat (talk) 04:12, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

Just to prove how far this can go, watch this. These guys did this in a text editor. --Jayron32 04:35, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

February 12

Are we plaqued by another scam ?

Advertisement for Easy Health Options by Dr. Michael Cutler.

Is this product about plaque removed from body truthful and legitimate — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.127.29.173 (talk) 00:18, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

I added a title. StuRat (talk) 00:56, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

Is this what you mean ? [4]. If so, see chelation_therapy#Heart_disease. StuRat (talk) 01:01, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

copyright and intellectual property

Why is it that copyright does not cover the idea itself? Does it mean that if I have created a better mousetrap, I don't have to ask permission from the moustrap's inventor? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.52.145.100 (talk) 09:17, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

For your first question, have you read Idea–expression divide?

For your second question, you need to understand the difference between copyright and patent: the "idea" for a better mousetrap, if it is inventive and novel etc, can be protected by a patent. So could (at the time) the original inventor of the mousetrap. Copyright is not for inventions. --PalaceGuard008 (Talk) 09:35, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

financial management

xyz india limited share is expected to touch rs-450 one year from now. the company is expected to declare a dividend of rs-25 per share .what is the price at which an investor would be willing to buy if his or her required rate of return is 15 percentage? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 1.38.17.165 (talk) 10:30, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

This looks like homework. If you would like us to help you, please tell us how much you already understand, and what information you need to be able to answer the question. We will NOT be able to simply provide the answer, but we may be able to show you some information that can help you find it yourself. - Cucumber Mike (talk) 11:00, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

As currently stated, there isn't enough information to answer the question. When is the expected dividend expected to be paid? --Tango (talk) 12:34, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

Storm surge

In February 2013 nor'easter, it talks about deep snow falling and strong winds. It also says "Boston experienced a storm surge of 4.2 ft (1.3 m), its fourth-highest." What is a "storm surge"? Is this related to "weather" or to sea conditions or ... ? -- SGBailey (talk) 11:44, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

Does Storm surge help? - Cucumber Mike (talk) 11:51, 12 February 2013 (UTC)