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[[File:Bila altanka.JPG|thumb|right|150px|White Rotunda in Sobornaya Square]] |
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'''Poltava''' ([[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] and [[ |
'''Poltava''' ([[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] and [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]: Полта́ва, {{IPA-ru|pɐlˈtavə}}) is a city located on the [[Vorskla River]] in central [[Ukraine]]. It is the [[capital city|administrative center]] of the [[Poltava Oblast]] ([[Oblast|province]]), as well as the surrounding Poltava Raion ([[raion|district]]) of the oblast. Poltava's estimated population is 296,760 (as of 2013). |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Revision as of 15:18, 22 April 2014
Poltava
Полтава | |
|---|---|
| Top left:Poltava City Hall in Kruhla Square, Top right:Poltava Uspenskiy Cathedral, 2nd left:Galushka Monument in Soborny Square, 2nd right:White Rotunda in Sobornaya Square, 3rd left:Glory Park and Memorial of Sodier of Glory, 3rd right:A shopping center in downtown Poltava, Bottom left:Gogal Theater, Bottom right:Butovsky Vorskla Stadium Top left:Poltava City Hall in Kruhla Square, Top right:Poltava Uspenskiy Cathedral, 2nd left:Galushka Monument in Soborny Square, 2nd right:White Rotunda in Sobornaya Square, 3rd left:Glory Park and Memorial of Sodier of Glory, 3rd right:A shopping center in downtown Poltava, Bottom left:Gogal Theater, Bottom right:Butovsky Vorskla Stadium | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast |  Poltava Oblast |
| Founded | 8991 |
| Named for | Ltava River |
| Raions | 3 raions (districts)
|
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Oleksandr Mamay |
| Area | |
| • Total | 103 km2 (40 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 298,652 |
| • Density | 2,995/km2 (7,760/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal code | 36000—36499 |
| Area code | +380-532 |
| Licence plate | CK, BI |
| Sister cities | Filderstadt, Ostfildern, Veliko Tarnovo, Lublin, Nice |
| Website | www.rada-poltava.gov.ua |
| 1 The previously believed foundation date was 1174. | |
Poltava (Ukrainian and Ukrainian: Полта́ва, Russian pronunciation: [pɐlˈtavə]) is a city located on the Vorskla River in central Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Poltava Oblast (province), as well as the surrounding Poltava Raion (district) of the oblast. Poltava's estimated population is 296,760 (as of 2013).
History
It is still unknown when Poltava was founded, although the town was not attested before 1174. However, for reasons unknown, municipal authorities chose to celebrate the city's 1100th anniversary in 1999. The settlement is indeed an old one, as archeologists unearthed a Paleolithic dwelling as well as Scythian remains within the city limits.
The present name of the city is traditionally connected to the settlement Ltava which is mentioned in the Hypatian Chronicle in 1174. The region belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 14th century. The Polish administration took over in 1569. In 1648, Poltava was captured by the Ruthenian-Polish magnate Jeremi Wiśniowiecki (1612–51). Poltava was the base of a distinguished regiment of the Ukrainian Cossacks, and served as a Cossack stronghold during the Khmelnytsky Uprising. After the pro-Polish hetman Ivan Vyhovsky came to power and a civil war broke out, In 1658 Poltava, under polkovnyk Martyn Pushkar, was the leading town of the rebels. However, it was ultimately burned down and pillaged by the troops of Vyhovsky, while many of its women and children were enslaved by the Crimean Tatars. In 1667 the city passed to the Russian Empire.
In the Battle of Poltava on June 27, 1709 (Old Style), or July 8 (New Style), Tsar Peter the First, commanding 34,000 troops, defeated a Swedish army of 17,000 troops led by Field Marshal Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld (who had received the command of the army after the wounding of the Swedish king Carl XII on June 17). The battle marked the end of the Swedish Empire and the rise of the Russian Empire.
In 1775, Poltava's Monastery of the Exaltation of the Cross (Russian: Крестовоздвиженский монастырь, Krestovozdvizhensky Monastyr) became the seat of bishops of the newly created Eparchy (Diocese) of Slaviansk and Kherson. This large new diocese included the lands of the Novorossiya Governorate and Azov Governorate north of the Black Sea. Since much of that area had been only recently conquered by Russia from the Ottoman Empire, and a large number of Orthodox Greek settlers had been invited to settle in the region, the Imperial Government picked a renowned Greek scholar, Eugenios Voulgaris to preside over the new diocese. After his retirement in 1779, he was replaced by another Greek theologian, Nikephoros Theotokis. [1][2]
In World War II, the Wehrmacht occupied Poltava from late October 1941 until September 23, 1943, when it was retaken during the Lower Dnieper Offensive. By the summer of 1944 the USAAF conducted a number of shuttle bombing raids against the Third Reich under the name of Operation Frantic. Poltava Air Base, as well as Mirgorod Airport, were used as eastern locations for landing B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bombers involved in those operations.
Climate
| Climate data for Poltava | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 11.0 (51.8) |
16.0 (60.8) |
21.4 (70.5) |
28.9 (84.0) |
34.2 (93.6) |
39.0 (102.2) |
39.5 (103.1) |
39.4 (102.9) |
35.3 (95.5) |
29.6 (85.3) |
20.0 (68.0) |
14.0 (57.2) |
39.5 (103.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −3.1 (26.4) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
3.8 (38.8) |
13.7 (56.7) |
20.8 (69.4) |
24.3 (75.7) |
26.3 (79.3) |
25.7 (78.3) |
19.7 (67.5) |
12.1 (53.8) |
4.2 (39.6) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
12.0 (53.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.5 (22.1) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
0.2 (32.4) |
8.9 (48.0) |
15.3 (59.5) |
18.8 (65.8) |
20.7 (69.3) |
19.9 (67.8) |
14.3 (57.7) |
7.7 (45.9) |
1.4 (34.5) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
7.8 (46.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −8.3 (17.1) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
4.2 (39.6) |
9.8 (49.6) |
13.4 (56.1) |
15.4 (59.7) |
14.3 (57.7) |
9.4 (48.9) |
3.7 (38.7) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
−5.8 (21.6) |
3.6 (38.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −32.2 (−26.0) |
−29.1 (−20.4) |
−22.8 (−9.0) |
−11.1 (12.0) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
0.9 (33.6) |
7.8 (46.0) |
3.9 (39.0) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
−11.1 (12.0) |
−21.5 (−6.7) |
−28.6 (−19.5) |
−32.2 (−26.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 40.7 (1.60) |
39.3 (1.55) |
34.2 (1.35) |
47.7 (1.88) |
52.4 (2.06) |
63.5 (2.50) |
61.1 (2.41) |
51.8 (2.04) |
56.1 (2.21) |
49.5 (1.95) |
44.3 (1.74) |
43.8 (1.72) |
584.4 (23.01) |
| Average precipitation days | 19.2 | 15.7 | 15.7 | 9.0 | 9.6 | 9.2 | 6.9 | 4.7 | 9.3 | 10.8 | 14.4 | 17.9 | 142.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 86.7 | 83.6 | 76.8 | 61.4 | 61.0 | 65.8 | 66.7 | 60.3 | 70.5 | 78.3 | 86.5 | 87.9 | 73.8 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 68.2 | 76.3 | 133.3 | 183.0 | 266.6 | 294.0 | 300.7 | 285.2 | 216.0 | 142.6 | 60.0 | 43.4 | 2,069.3 |
| Source 1: Climatebase.ru[3] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Hong Kong Observatory (sun data).[4] | |||||||||||||
Government and subdivisions
Poltava is the administrative center of the Poltava Oblast (province) as well as of the Poltava Raion housed within the city. However, Poltava is a city of oblast subordinance, thus being subject directly to the oblast authorities rather to the raion administration housed in the city itself.
Poltava's government consists of the 50-member Poltava City Council (Ukrainian: Полтавська Міська рада) which is headed by the Secretary (currently Oleksandr Kozub). The city's current mayor is Oleksandr Mamay, who was sworn in on November 4, 2010 after being elected with more than 61 percent of the vote.[5]
The territory of Poltava is divided into 3 administrative raions (districts):[6]
- Oktiabrskyi Raion,[7][8] to the south-west with an area of 2077 hectares and a population of 147,600 in 2005. It's a largely residential area and includes the city centre.
- Kyivskyi Raion,[9] is the largest by area, comprising 5437 hectares, or 52.8% of the city total situated in the north and north-west. Its census in 2005 was 111,900. This district has a large industrial zone.
- Leninskyi Raion,[10] to the east and south-east, in the valley of the Vorskla river, with an area of 2988 hectares and a population of 53,700 in 2005.
The village of Rozsoshentsi, Scherbani, Tereshky, Kopyly and Suprunivka are officially considered to be outside the city, but actually constitute a part of the Poltava agglomeration.
Transportation
Poltava's transportation infrastructure consists of two major train stations with railway links to Kiev, Kharkiv, and Kremenchuk. Poltava's Kiev line is electrified and is used by the Poltava Express. The electrification of the Poltava-Kharkiv line was completed in August 2008.[11]
The Avtovokzal serves as the city's intercity bus station. Buses for local municipal routes depart from "AC-2" (autostation No. 2 – along Shevchenko street) and "AC-3" (Zinkivska street). Local municipal routes are parked along the Taras Shevchenko Street. Marshrutka minibuses serve areas where regular bus access is unavailable; however, they are privately owned and cost more per ride. In addition, a 15-route trolleybus network of 72.6 kilometres (45.1 mi) runs throughout the city.
Poltava is also served by a domestic airport, situated outside the city limits near the village of Ivashky. The international highway M03, linking Poltava with Kiev and Kharkiv, passes through the southern outskirts of the city. There is also a regional highway P-17 crossing Poltava and linking it with Kremenchuk and Sumy.[12]
Education
Poltava has always been one of the most important science and education centres in Ukraine. Major universities and institutions of higher education include the following:
- Poltava V. G. Korolenko National Pedagogical University
- Poltava National Technical University named after Yuri Kondratyuk
- Poltava Agrarian State Academy
- Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy as Poltava Medical And Dental University (UMSA) www.umsa-poltava.com.ua
- Poltava University of Economy and Trade
- Poltava Military Institute of Connections
- Poltavian Faculty Of National Juridical Academy Of Ukraine
Astronomy
- Poltava gravimetric observatory (PGO) is situated a bit north from city centre (27–29 Miasoyedov St.). Its main work directions are measurements of Earth rotation, latitude variations (applying zenith stars observations, lunar occultation observations and other)
- Observational station of PGO in rural area, some 20 km east along the M03-E40 highway. Radiotelescope URAN-2 (Ukrainian: УРАН-2) is situated there too.
Culture
The centre of the old city is a semicircular Neoclassical square with the Tuscan column of cast iron (1805–11), commemorating the centenary of the Battle of Poltava and featuring 18 Swedish cannons captured in that battle. As Peter the Great celebrated his victory in the Saviour church, this 17th-century wooden shrine was carefully preserved to this day. The five-domed city cathedral, dedicated to the Exaltation of the Cross, is a superb monument of Cossack Baroque, built between 1699 and 1709. As a whole, the cathedral presents a unity which even the Neoclassical belltower has failed to mar. Another frothy Baroque church, dedicated to the Dormition of the Theotokos, was destroyed in 1934 and rebuilt in the 1990s.
A minor planet 2983 Poltava discovered in 1981 by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh is named after the city.[13]
Sports
The most popular sport is football(soccer). Two professional football(soccer) teams are based in the city: Vorskla Poltava in the Ukrainian Premier League and FC Poltava in the Second League. There are 3 stadiums in Poltava: Butovsky Vorskla Stadium (main city stadium), Dynamo Stadium are situated in the city centre and Lokomotiv Stadium which is situated in Podil district.
Famous people from Poltava and its region
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International relations
Twin towns — Sister cities
Poltava is twinned with:
Koszalin, Poland (1958)
Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria (1963)
Filderstadt, Germany- Ostfildern, Germany
- Lublin, Poland
Nice, France
Krasnodar, Russia
Baranovichi, Belarus- Khimki, Russia
References
- ^ Евгений Булгарис (Eugenios Voulgaris's biography) Template:Ru icon
- ^ Никифор Феотоки (Nikephoros Theotoki's biography) Template:Ru icon
- ^ "Climatological Normals for Poltava, Ukraine (1949-2011)". Climatebase. Retrieved April 21, 2013.
- ^ "Climatological Information for Poltava, Ukraine". Hong Kong Observatory. Retrieved September 4, 2012.
- ^ "Oleksandr Mamay won at the elections for the mayor of Poltava" (in Ukrainian). Dzerkalo Tyzhnya. November 6, 2010. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
- ^ "Poltavska Oblast, city of Poltava (raion councils of the cities)" (in Ukrainian). Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Retrieved January 4, 2009.
- ^ "Official resource" (in Ukrainian). Oktiabrskyi Raion Council of Poltava. 2008. Retrieved January 3, 2009.
- ^ "Information of the Oktiabrskyi Raion of Poltava" (in Ukrainian). Poltava City Council. 2007. Retrieved January 3, 2009.
- ^ "Information of the Kyivskyi Raion of Poltava" (in Ukrainian). Poltava City Council. 2007. Retrieved January 3, 2009.
- ^ "Information of the Leninskyi Raion of Poltava" (in Ukrainian). Poltava City Council. 2007. Retrieved January 3, 2009.
- ^ "Poltava-Kharkiv rail line" (in Russian). Retrieved September 21, 2008.
- ^ Poltava – Plan. Kiev Army-Cartographic Fabric.
- ^ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names (5th ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. p. 246. ISBN 3-540-00238-3.
External links
- "Official website" (in Ukrainian). Poltava City Council.
- "News" (in Ukrainian). Poltava Oblast State Administration.
- "Poltava Istoricheskaya5" (in Russian). poltavahistory.org.ua.
- "Main" (in Russian). Transport of Poltava (unofficial project).
- "Photos of Poltava" (in Russian).