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Revision as of 05:55, 28 May 2014

2014 European Parliament election in Italy

← 2009 25 May 2014 2019 →

All 73 Italian seats to the European Parliament
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Matteo Renzi Beppe Grillo Silvio Berlusconi
Party Democratic Party Five Star Movement Forza Italia
Alliance PES TBD EPP
Leader since 15 December 2013 4 October 2009 18 January 1994
Last election 26.1%
21 seats
new party 35.3% as PdL
29 seats
Seats won 31 17 13
Seat change Increase10 Increase17 Decrease16
Popular vote 11,203,231 5,807,362 4,614,364
Percentage 40.8% 21.2% 16.8%
Swing Increase14.7% Increase21.2% Decrease18.5%

  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
  File:Matteo Salvini 2014.jpg
Leader Matteo Salvini Angelino Alfano
Party Lega Nord New Centre-Right – Union of the Centre The Other Europe
Alliance EAF EPP GUE/NGL
Leader since 15 December 2013 15 November 2013 24 January 2010
Last election 10.2%
9 seats
6.5% as UDC
5 seats
6.5% as SEL+PRC
no seat
Seats won 5 3 3
Seat change Decrease4 Decrease2 Increase3
Popular vote 1,688,197 1,202,350 1,108,457
Percentage 6.2% 4.4% 4.0%
Swing Decrease4.0% Decrease2.1% Decrease2.5%

Major parties in each Province

The European Parliament election of 2014 in Italy took place on 25 May 2014. Italy elected 73 MEPs out of 751 forming the European Parliament in its 8th term.[1]

A national electoral threshold is set at 4%, but representation for the German-speaking minority of South Tyrol is guaranteed. According to the official results,[2] the Democratic Party won the election, with 40.81%, of the votes, followed by the Five Star Movement in second place (21.15%) and Forza Italia third (16.81%). Only 7 national parties passed the 4% threshold and secured seats in the parliament.

As a result of the election, Italy's Democratic Party is the second largest national group in the European Parliament by number of seats after the German CDU/CSU's coalition.[3]

Political parties

Summary of parties

In the following table the twelve parties/lists participating in the election are listed.

Party Main ideology Leader/s Alliance Seats 2009 Seats 2014[2] Constituencies Notes
bgcolor="Template:Forza Italia (2013)/meta/color" |
Forza Italia
Liberal conservatism
Silvio Berlusconi
EPP
29
13
5
Ran as PdL in 2009, including minor parties.
bgcolor="Template:Democratic Party (Italy)/meta/color" |
Democratic Party
Social democracy
Matteo Renzi
S&D
21
31
5
Including PSI and minor parties.
bgcolor="Template:Lega Nord/meta/color" |
Lega Nord
Regionalism
Matteo Salvini
EFD
9
5
5
Including DF and PdS.
bgcolor="Template:Italy of Values/meta/color" |
Italy of Values
Populism
Ignazio Messina
ALDE
7
-
5
bgcolor="Template:New Centre-Right – Union of the Centre/meta/color" |
NCD–UdC
Christian democracy
Angelino Alfano
EPP
5
3
5
Including NCD, UdC and Ppl.
bgcolor="Template:Five Star Movement/meta/color" |
Five Star Movement
Populism
Beppe Grillo
TBD
17
5
bgcolor="Template:Brothers of Italy/meta/color" |
Brothers of Italy
National conservatism
Giorgia Meloni
TBD
-
5
Split from PdL. Includes I Love Italy.
bgcolor="Template:The Other Europe/meta/color"|
The Other Europe
Democratic socialism
several
EUL–NGL
3
5
Including SEL, PRC, VGV and others.
bgcolor="Template:European Choice/meta/color" |
European Choice
Liberalism
several
ALDE
-
5
Including SC, FiD, CD and others.
bgcolor="Template:Federation of the Greens/meta/color" |
Green ItalyGreens
Green politics
several
Greens–EFA
5
Including Green Italy and Greens.
I ChangeMAIE
Centrism
Angelo Alessandri
EFD
-
5
Including I Change, MAIE and others.
bgcolor="Template:South Tyrolean People's Party/meta/color" |
South Tyrolean People's Party
Ethnic German minority issues
Arno Kompatscher
EPP
1
1
1
Including minor regional parties.

Top candidates

In the following table the top candidates of each party/list in the five constituencies are listed. In the case in which the party leader stands in all five of them as top candidate, also the second in the list is shown. The Five Star Movement has no top candidates and the slates were compiled alphabetically.[4][5][6]

Party North-West North-East Centre South Islands Source
bgcolor="Template:Forza Italia (2013)/meta/color" |
Forza Italia
Giovanni Toti
Elisabetta Gardini
Antonio Tajani
Raffaele Fitto
Gianfranco Micciché
link
bgcolor="Template:Democratic Party (Italy)/meta/color" |
Democratic Party
Alessia Mosca
Alessandra Moretti
Simona Bonafè
Pina Picierno
Caterina Chinnici
link
bgcolor="Template:Lega Nord/meta/color" |
Lega Nord
Matteo Salvini
Claudio Borghi
Matteo Salvini
Flavio Tosi
Matteo Salvini
Manuel Vescovi
Matteo Salvini
Angelo Attaguile (PdS)
Matteo Salvini
Francesca Donato
link
bgcolor="Template:Italy of Values/meta/color" |
Italy of Values
Ignazio Messina
Giommaria Uggias
Ignazio Messina
Antonino Pipitone
Ignazio Messina
Paolo Brutti
Ignazio Messina
Aniello Di Nardo
Ignazio Messina
Giommaria Uggias
link
bgcolor="Template:New Centre-Right – Union of the Centre/meta/color" |
NCD–UdC
Maurizio Lupi (NCD)
Antonio Cancian (NCD)
Beatrice Lorenzin (NCD)
Lorenzo Cesa (UdC)
Giovanni La Via (NCD)
link
bgcolor="Template:Five Star Movement/meta/color" |
Five Star Movement
Gabriele Antonica (alphabetical list)
Marco Affronte (alphabetical list)
Laura Agea (alphabetical list)
Isabella Adinolfi (alphabetical list)
Ignazio Corrao (alphabetical list)
link
bgcolor="Template:Brothers of Italy/meta/color" |
Brothers of Italy
Giorgia Meloni
Guido Crosetto
Giorgia Meloni
Magdi Allam(IAI)
Giorgia Meloni
Marco Scurria
Giorgia Meloni
Gianni Alemanno
Giorgia Meloni
Salvatore Deidda
link
bgcolor="Template:The Other Europe/meta/color"|
The Other Europe
Curzio Maltese
Paola Morandin
Barbara Spinelli
Ermanno Rea
Barbara Spinelli
link
bgcolor="Template:European Choice/meta/color" |
European Choice
Gianluca Susta (SC)
Michele Boldrin (FiD)
Stefania Giannini (SC)
Bruno Tabacci (CD)
Anna Busia (CD)
link
bgcolor="Template:Federation of the Greens/meta/color" |
Green ItalyGreens
Oliviero Alotto (GI)
Syusy Blady
Annalisa Corrado (GI)
Vincenzo Fornaro
Fabio Granata (GI)
link
I ChangeMAIE
Agostino D'Antuoni (IC)
Maria Cristina Sandrin
Claudio Morganti (IC)
Davide Vannoni
Davide Vannoni
link
bgcolor="Template:South Tyrolean People's Party/meta/color" |
South Tyrolean People's Party
Herbert Dorfmann
link

Results

Party Votes % Seats
bgcolor="Template:Democratic Party (Italy)/meta/color"| Democratic Party 11,172,861 40.81 31
bgcolor="Template:Five Star Movement/meta/color"| Five Star Movement 5,792,865 21.16 17
bgcolor="Template:Forza Italia (2013)/meta/color"| Forza Italia 4,605,331 16.82 13
bgcolor="Template:Lega Nord/meta/color"| Lega Nord 1,686,556 6.16 5
bgcolor="Template:New Centre-Right – Union of the Centre/meta/color"| New Centre-Right – Union of the Centre 1,199,703 4.38 3
bgcolor="Template:The Other Europe/meta/color"| The Other Europe 1,103,203 4.03 3
bgcolor="Template:Brothers of Italy/meta/color"| Brothers of Italy 1,004,037 3.66 0
bgcolor="Template:Federation of the Greens/meta/color"| Green ItalyGreens 245,443 0.89 0
bgcolor="Template:European Choice/meta/color"| European Choice 196,157 0.71 0
bgcolor="Template:Italy of Values/meta/color"| Italy of Values 179,693 0.65 0
bgcolor="Template:South Tyrolean People's Party/meta/color"| South Tyrolean People's Party 137,448 0.50 1
I ChangeMAIE 48,450 0.17 0
Total 27,371,747 100.00 73

Opinion polling

Poll results are listed according to the date of publication of the survey. Detailed data are usually published in the official website of the Italian government. The publication of opinion polls during the last 15 days of the electoral campaign is forbidden by Italian law.

Date Polling Firm FI PD LN UdC M5S SC FdI NCD AET SE Others Lead
style="background:Template:Forza Italia (2013)/meta/color; width:40px;"| style="background:Template:Democratic Party (Italy)/meta/color; width:40px;"| style="background:Template:Lega Nord/meta/color; width:40px;"| style="background:Template:Union of the Centre (2008)/meta/color; width:40px;"| style="background:Template:Five Star Movement/meta/color; width:40px;"| style="background:Template:Civic Choice/meta/color; width:40px;"| style="background:Template:Brothers of Italy/meta/color; width:40px;"| style="background:Template:New Centre-Right/meta/color; width:40px;"| style="background:Template:The Other Europe/meta/color; width:40px;"| style="background:Template:European Choice/meta/color; width:40px;"|
9 May 2014 Epokè 16.3 30.2 6.8 w. NCD 22.6 w. SE 3.3 5.4 6.3 4.5 4.6 7.6
9 May 2014 Euromedia 20.9 31.4 5.8 w. NCD 25.0 w. SE 3.9 4.6 3.5 2.5 2.4 6.4
9 May 2014 EMG 19.7 33.2 5.1 w. NCD 25.0 w. SE 4.0 4.8 3.7 2.3 2.2 8.2
9 May 2014 IPR 18.8 32.7 5.5 w. NCD 25.0 w. SE 4.0 6.0 3.4 2.5 2.1 7.7
9 May 2014 Ixè 18.2 33.2 w. NCD 26.4 w. SE 6.8
9 May 2014 Ipsos 19.5 33.8 5.2 w. NCD 23.0 w. SE 4.0 6.4 3.0 3.0 2.1 10.8
9 May 2014 ISPO 18.1 34.9 4.9 w. NCD 23.7 w. SE 3.7 6.4 3.7 2.1 2.5 11.2
9 May 2014 Demos&Pi 17.5 32.8 4.5 w. NCD 22.0 w. SE 4.3 7.0 4.5 3.6 3.8 10.8
8 May 2014 Tecnè 21.7 28.8 4.9 w. NCD 27.7 w. SE 4.0 4.5 3.6 2.2 2.6 1.1
8 May 2014 SWG 19.1 34.8 5.6 w. NCD 24.0 w. SE 2.8 5.2 3.7 2.1 2.7 10.8
8 May 2014 Demopolis 17.5 33.5 5.2 w. NCD 26.4 w. SE 4.1 5.7 4.0 2.0 1.6 7.1
8 May 2014 Piepoli 20.0 34.0 4.5 w. NCD 25.0 w. SE 3.5 5.0 3.5 2.5 2.0 9.0
7 May 2014 Euromedia 20.2 31.1 5.2 w. NCD 25.9 w. SE 3.9 4.9 3.5 2.4 2.9 5.2
7 May 2014 Datamedia 20.0 32.0 5.1 w. NCD 26.0 w. SE 3.9 5.1 3.5 2.0 2.4 6.0
7 May 2014 Lorien 19.0 34.0 5.5 w. NCD 23.0 w. SE 3.5 6.5 4.0 2.5 2.0 11.0
6 May 2014 Ipsos 19.4 33.9 5.0 w. NCD 23.9 w. SE 4.1 6.1 3.5 3.0 1.1 10.0
6 May 2014 Demopolis 17.4 33.0 5.3 w. NCD 25.5 w. SE 4.0 5.7 4.1 2.2 2.8 7.5
5 May 2014 IPR 19.0 32.3 5.2 w. NCD 26.0 w. SE 3.8 5.9 3.3 1.6 1.9 6.3
5 May 2014 EMG 19.8 33.6 4.9 w. NCD 24.6 w. SE 4.0 4.9 3.6 2.4 2.2 9.0
5 May 2014 SWG 18.2 35.2 5.5 w. NCD 24.2 w. SE 3.0 5.0 3.5 2.0 3.4 11.0
5 May 2014 Ixè 17.8 33.0 5.3 w. NCD 26.6 w. SE 3.9 4.8 3.8 2.0 2.8 6.4
3 May 2014 IPR 19.0 32.3 5.2 w. NCD 26.0 w. SE 3.8 5.6 3.3 1.6 2.2 6.3
3 May 2014 Ipsos 19.2 34.3 5.3 w. NCD 22.5 w. SE 3.9 6.1 3.3 3.0 2.4 11.8
3 May 2014 ScenariPolitici 17.5 29.8 7.5 w. NCD 27.5 w. SE 4.2 5.0 4.2 2.5 1.8 2.3
30 Apr 2014 Tecnè 21.3 28.9 5.3 w. NCD 27.4 w. SE 3.8 4.8 3.8 2.3 2.4 1.5
30 Apr 2014 Datamedia 20.0 31.5 5.1 w. NCD 25.5 w. SE 3.7 5.5 3.7 2.2 2.8 6.0
29 Apr 2014 Demopolis 17.0 33.2 5.4 w. NCD 25.0 w. SE 3.8 5.6 4.0 2.3 3.7 8.2
29 Apr 2014 Ipsos 19.3 34.4 5.1 w. NCD 23.7 w. SE 3.9 5.9 3.3 3.2 1.2 10.7
29 Apr 2014 Lorien 19.0 34.5 5.5 w. NCD 23.5 w. SE 3.0 6.5 4.0 2.0 2.0 11.0
29 Apr 2014 Piepoli 19.5 34.0 4.5 w. NCD 24.0 w. SE 3.5 6.0 4.0 2.5 2.0 10.0
28 Apr 2014 IPR 19.0 32.7 5.0 w. NCD 25.0 w. SE 3.8 6.0 3.5 2.8 2.2 7.7
28 Apr 2014 EMG 19.6 33.1 4.5 w. NCD 24.4 w. SE 4.0 5.1 3.8 2.5 3.0 8.7
28 Apr 2014 SWG 18.0 35.4 5.6 w. NCD 21.9 w. SE 3.5 4.9 3.8 2.2 4.7 13.5
26 Apr 2014 Ipsos 19.0 34.9 5.4 w. NCD 21.6 w. SE 4.1 6.3 3.1 3.2 2.4 13.3
24 Apr 2014 Epokè 15.9 29.1 6.8 w. NCD 22.3 w. SE 2.6 6.2 6.1 5.0 6.0 6.8
24 Apr 2014 IPR 19.1 32.9 5.1 w. NCD 24.2 w. SE 3.8 5.6 3.7 3.0 2.6 8.7
24 Apr 2014 Tecnè 21.3 29.2 5.5 w. NCD 27.0 w. SE 3.7 5.0 3.7 2.4 2.2 2.2
24 Apr 2014 Ixè 17.5 32.1 5.0 w. NCD 27.4 w. SE 3.8 5.1 4.1 2.0 3.0 4.7
23 Apr 2014 Demopolis 18.0 34.0 5.2 w. NCD 23.8 w. SE 3.7 5.6 3.8 2.1 3.8 10.2
23 Apr 2014 Euromedia 20.1 32.0 5.0 w. NCD 25.3 w. SE 3.7 4.6 3.4 2.5 3.4 6.7
23 Apr 2014 Piepoli 19.0 34.0 4.5 w. NCD 24.0 w. SE 3.5 6.0 4.0 2.5 2.5 10.0
23 Apr 2014 IPR 19.3 32.7 5.0 w. NCD 24.0 w. SE 3.8 5.5 3.8 3.0 2.9 8.7
22 Apr 2014 EMG 20.3 33.8 4.4 w. NCD 23.4 w. SE 3.7 4.9 4.0 2.5 3.0 10.4
19 Apr 2014 ScenariPolitici 18.0 28.6 7.0 w. NCD 27.9 w. SE 4.2 6.0 4.8 2.5 1.0 0.7
19 Apr 2014 Ipsos 19.6 35.0 4.9 w. NCD 21.4 w. SE 3.8 6.4 2.9 3.5 2.5 13.6
18 Apr 2014 Ixè 18.0 32.8 5.2 w. NCD 25.8 w. SE 3.5 5.5 3.9 2.1 3.2 7.0
18 Apr 2014 SWG 18.2 35.8 5.0 w. NCD 22.7 w. SE 3.1 4.9 3.9 2.2 4.2 13.1
18 Apr 2014 Demopolis 17.0 33.5 5.4 w. NCD 24.0 w. SE 3.6 5.5 3.5 2.0 5.5 9.5
17 Apr 2014 Tecnè 21.0 29.9 5.4 w. NCD 25.4 w. SE 3.8 5.4 4.1 2.6 2.4 4.5
16 Apr 2014 Datamedia 19.0 32.0 5.2 w. NCD 25.1 w. SE 3.5 5.7 3.9 2.2 3.4 6.9
15 Apr 2014 Piepoli 19.0 33.5 4.5 w. NCD 24.5 w. SE 3.5 6.5 4.0 2.5 2.0 9.0
15 Apr 2014 Ipsos 19.6 34.2 5.0 w. NCD 22.7 w. SE 3.5 6.0 3.0 3.1 2.9 11.5
14 Apr 2014 EMG 20.3 34.4 4.6 w. NCD 22.9 w. SE 3.5 5.2 3.4 2.5 3.2 11.5
14 Apr 2014 IPR 19.5 32.0 5.0 w. NCD 24.0 w. SE 3.9 6.5 3.8 3.8 1.5 8.0
11 Apr 2014 Ixè 19.1 32.2 5.2 w. NCD 25.2 w. SE 3.6 5.3 4.2 1.9 3.3 7.0
11 Apr 2014 SWG 20.3 34.3 4.8 w. NCD 23.0 2.4 2.4 3.8 4.1 0.8 4.1 11.3
10 Apr 2014 Tecnè 21.4 30.5 5.1 w. NCD 23.8 w. SE 3.6 5.7 4.8 2.4 2.7 6.7
9 Apr 2014 Ipsos 20.5 33.9 5.8 w. NCD 22.3 w. SE 3.0 5.3 3.1 3.4 2.7 11.6
9 Apr 2014 Piepoli 19.0 33.0 4.0 w. NCD 24.5 w. SE 3.5 6.0 4.5 2.5 3.0 8.5
9 Apr 2014 Datamedia 20.0 31.3 5.0 w. NCD 24.3 w. SE 3.3 5.0 3.9 2.3 4.9 7.0
7 Apr 2014 IPR 20.0 30.5 4.5 w. NCD 23.0 w. SE 3.7 6.0 3.5 3.7 5.1 7.5
7 Apr 2014 Ixè 18.6 31.6 5.4 1.6 26.1 1.2 3.4 3.3 4.6 4.2 5.5
7 Apr 2014 EMG 20.9 33.9 4.4 w. NCD 22.5 w. SE 3.4 5.1 3.1 2.1 4.6 11.4
5 Apr 2014 Ipsos 21.1 33.3 5.3 w. NCD 21.2 w. SE 3.5 5.7 3.1 3.8 3.0 12.1
4 Apr 2014 SWG 19.5 34.8 4.8 1.1 20.0 2.6 2.8 4.1 3.7 0.6 6.0 14.8
3 Apr 2014 Tecnè 22.0 30.2 4.6 2.2 23.4 3.4 3.8 5.2 1.6 3.6 6.8
2 Apr 2014 Euromedia 21.6 31.5 4.8 1.8 21.4 1.0 3.5 3.9 3.8 2.0 4.7 9.9
2 Apr 2014 IPR 21.0 30.0 4.3 2.0 22.5 1.0 3.3 4.0 3.5 2.0 6.4 7.5
2 Apr 2014 Piepoli 20.0 33.0 4.0 2.0 23.0 2.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 4.0 10.0
2 Apr 2014 Datamedia 20.0 31.0 5.0 1.8 24.3 3.1 3.4 3.9 2.0 5.5 6.7
1 Apr 2014 Lorien 22.0 31.5 5.5 1.5 23.0 2.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 8.5
1 Apr 2014 Ipsos 21.8 33.0 5.5 3.0 21.0 2.9 3.1 4.3 3.3 2.1 11.2
31 Mar 2014 ScenariPolitici 18.3 27.9 7.1 2.0 25.9 1.4 3.6 4.2 4.8 1.7 3.1 2.0
31 Mar 2014 EMG 20.8 32.8 4.3 2.2 21.9 1.1 3.4 3.3 3.2 7.0 10.9
29 Mar 2014 SWG 18.8 35.0 5.0 1.3 21.1 2.1 3.1 3.8 4.0 5.2 13.9
28 Mar 2014 Ixè 20.8 30.5 5.8 1.2 25.3 1.4 3.2 3.2 4.9 3.7 5.2
27 Mar 2014 Tecnè 22.9 31.0 3.8 2.0 22.4 3.2 3.9 5.8 5.0 8.1
26 Mar 2014 IPR 22.0 29.5 4.3 2.0 23.0 1.0 3.0 4.3 3.5 2.3 5.1 6.5
26 Mar 2014 Euromedia 22.2 31.5 4.4 1.5 20.8 3.1 3.5 4.0 9.0 9.3
26 Mar 2014 Datamedia 20.5 30.5 5.0 1.8 24.0 3.0 3.5 3.7 2.0 6.0 6.5
24 Mar 2014 EMG 22.4 32.4 4.2 2.4 21.3 1.9 2.9 3.6 2.9 6.0 10.0
21 Mar 2014 Ixè 22.7 28.6 4.3 1.9 20.8 1.0 3.1 3.6 6.1 7.9 5.9
20 Mar 2014 Tecnè 23.5 32.4 3.3 1.9 21.9 2.9 3.8 5.6 4.7 8.9
17 Mar 2014 IPR 23.0 28.5 4.0 3.0 23.0 1.0 3.0 4.3 4.0 6.2 5.5
14 Mar 2014 Ixè 23.4 29.4 4.5 1.6 22.6 0.9 3.3 3.3 6.5 4.5 6.0
13 Mar 2014 Tecnè 24.4 30.4 4.0 2.0 21.8 3.5 3.5 5.4 5.0 6.0
13 Mar 2014 IPR 23.5 28.0 4.3 3.0 24.0 w. UdC 3.0 4.5 4.0 5.7 4.0
13 Mar 2014 Euromedia 23.5 28.5 4.4 2.0 23.1 1.7 2.7 3.7 4.9 5.5 5.0
10 Mar 2014 IPR 24.0 27.5 4.3 w. NCD 24.0 w. SE 3.0 5.5 4.0 2.5 5.2 3.5
7 Mar 2014 SWG 21.6 30.3 4.9 1.1 22.0 w. SE 2.7 3.3 2.3 11.8 8.3
7 Mar 2014 Ixè 24.0 29.1 4.7 1.9 21.8 1.0 3.5 3.2 6.3 4.5 5.1
6 Mar 2014 Tecnè 24.0 28.2 4.5 1.9 22.4 3.1 3.3 12.6 4.2
3 Mar 2014 ScenariPolitici 20.0 27.5 6.3 2.2 25.4 2.3 3.1 4.2 5.4 3.6 2.1
28 Feb 2014 Ixè 23.2 28.5 4.6 1.8 22.7 1.1 3.6 3.0 6.9 4.6 5.3
21 Feb 2014 Ixè 22.4 27.6 4.8 1.6 24.9 1.0 3.4 3.1 7.2 4.0 2.7
13 Feb 2014 Tecnè 23.5 29.6 3.9 2.3 25.4 3.0 3.7 8.6 4.2
5 Feb 2014 IPR 24.3 27.6 5.0 2.0 25.4 1.0 1.5 5.6 7.6 2.2
7 Jun 2009 Election results 35.3 26.1 10.2 6.5 15.4 8.8
Date Polling Firm FI PD LN UdC M5S SC FdI NCD AET SE Others Lead

References

  1. ^ http://www.euractiv.it/it/news/istituzioni/7290-elezioni-europee-consiglio-ministri-ue-si-vota-a-maggio-2014.html
  2. ^ a b Definitive results in elezioni.interno.it.
  3. ^ Scherer, Steve (26 May 2014). "Renzi's triumph in EU vote gives mandate for Italian reform". Reuters. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  4. ^ http://www.beppegrillo.it/movimento/regole_europee_2014.php
  5. ^ http://www.west-info.eu/it/elezioni-europee-2014-tutti-i-capolista-e-i-candidati-piu-noti/
  6. ^ http://www.quindicirighe.com/2014/04/15/europee-movimento-cinque-stelle-la-lista-della-circoscrizione-sud/