Jump to content

2016 Italian constitutional referendum: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→‎Legislative procedure: minor grammar and punctuation cleanup
This is not true. The electoral law is not described by the constitution and the amendment has nothing to do with it. The electoral law has been adopted and has *relations* to the amendment, but it's not part of it.
Line 37: Line 37:
After the [[Italian general election, 2013|2013 general election]], constitutional reform remained a prominent political topic. However, the first real breakthrough occurred when [[Matteo Renzi]], the new Secretary of the Democratic Party, was appointed Prime Minister in February 2014. As part of his government's program, Renzi pledged to implement a number of reforms, including the abolition of the perfectly symmetric bicameralism, with a substantial decrease in the membership and power of the Senate.
After the [[Italian general election, 2013|2013 general election]], constitutional reform remained a prominent political topic. However, the first real breakthrough occurred when [[Matteo Renzi]], the new Secretary of the Democratic Party, was appointed Prime Minister in February 2014. As part of his government's program, Renzi pledged to implement a number of reforms, including the abolition of the perfectly symmetric bicameralism, with a substantial decrease in the membership and power of the Senate.


As well as effectively abolishing the current Senate, the package also included a [[Italicum|new electoral law]], aimed at giving the party that won the most votes in elections for the Chamber of Deputies a great many additional seats, allowing the formation of a stronger government.
After the proposals passed both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate multiple{{clarify|date=May 2016}} times, Renzi announced that he would hold a referendum to secure the endorsement of the Italian people for the change. In January 2016, announcing an October date for the referendum, Matteo Renzi stated that if his reforms were rejected he would resign as Prime Minister and leave politics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/ContentItem-34e29283-cd31-472d-998d-a1158fb7bf41.html|title=Renzi: Referendum?Se perdo vado a casa|publisher=|accessdate=27 September 2016}}</ref> Some opposition parties, predominantly [[Five Star Movement]], [[Lega Nord]] and [[Italian Left]], and also some newspapers like ''[[Il Fatto Quotidiano]]'' and ''[[Il manifesto]]'', accused Renzi of turning the referendum into a plebiscite on his premiership with those comments.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tv.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2016/01/11/referendum-riforme-villone-e-si-con-plebiscito-su-di-se-renzi-vuole-sequestrare-voto-degli-italiani/462589/|title=Riforme, Sinistra italiana: "Renzi vuole trasformare il referendum in un plebiscito su di sé"|publisher=|accessdate=27 September 2016}}</ref> However, after some months, Renzi said that his government will continue until the end of the legislature.
After the proposals passed both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate multiple{{clarify|date=May 2016}} times, Renzi announced that he would hold a referendum to secure the endorsement of the Italian people for the change. In January 2016, announcing an October date for the referendum, Matteo Renzi stated that if his reforms were rejected he would resign as Prime Minister and leave politics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/ContentItem-34e29283-cd31-472d-998d-a1158fb7bf41.html|title=Renzi: Referendum?Se perdo vado a casa|publisher=|accessdate=27 September 2016}}</ref> Some opposition parties, predominantly [[Five Star Movement]], [[Lega Nord]] and [[Italian Left]], and also some newspapers like ''[[Il Fatto Quotidiano]]'' and ''[[Il manifesto]]'', accused Renzi of turning the referendum into a plebiscite on his premiership with those comments.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tv.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2016/01/11/referendum-riforme-villone-e-si-con-plebiscito-su-di-se-renzi-vuole-sequestrare-voto-degli-italiani/462589/|title=Riforme, Sinistra italiana: "Renzi vuole trasformare il referendum in un plebiscito su di sé"|publisher=|accessdate=27 September 2016}}</ref> However, after some months, Renzi said that his government will continue until the end of the legislature.


Revision as of 09:16, 16 November 2016

Italian Constitutional Referendum
4 December 2016
Do you approve the constitutional bill concerning the dispositions to overcome the perfect bicameralism, the reduction of the number of members of the Parliament, the restraint of the institutions' operating costs, the abolition of CNEL and the revision of Title V of the 2nd part of the Constitution, which was approved by the Parliament and published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale n. 88, on April 15, 2016?
Results by voting areas

A constitutional referendum is planned to be held in Italy on Sunday 4 December 2016. Voters are to be asked whether they approve of amending the Italian Constitution to reform the appointment and powers of the Parliament of Italy,[1] as well as the partition of powers of State, Regions, and administrative entities.

The constitutional bill, proposed by Prime Minister Matteo Renzi and his centre-left Democratic Party in 2014, was approved by an absolute majority of the MPs in both houses of the Italian Parliament. In accordance with article 138 of the Constitution, a referendum may be called within three months of the publication of the law in the Gazzetta Ufficiale (Official Gazette) if, as in this case, the law has not been approved in the second voting by a qualified majority of two-thirds in each house.[2] This will be the third constitutional referendum in the history of the Italian Republic: the other two were in 2001 and 2006.

The bill was first introduced by the government in the Senate on 8 April 2014. After several amendments by both the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, the bill received its first approval on 13 October 2015 (Senate) and 11 January 2016 (Chamber), and, eventually, its second and final approval on 20 January 2016 (Senate) and 12 April 2016 (Chamber).[3]

Should the electors approve the bill, it would achieve the most extensive constitutional reform in Italy since the end of the monarchy, not only influencing the organization of the Parliament, but also improving, according to its proponents, on the poor government stability of the country. Opposition parties have harshly criticised the bill, claiming that it is badly written and that it will make the government too powerful.[4]

Constitutional background

Palazzo Madama, the meeting place of the Italian Senate.

The Italian Parliament is described as a perfectly symmetric bicameral legislature, in that it has a lower house (the Chamber of Deputies) and an upper house (the Senate of the Republic) with the following characteristics:

  • The two houses are elected simultaneously and for the same five-year term.
  • The Government must have each house's confidence, and is responsible to both of them.
  • All legislation must be passed in the same text by both houses: whenever a bill is amended by either house, it must be sent to the other one in a potentially endless process known as the navetta parlamentare (parliamentary shuttle).

Political background

The first concrete attempts at reforming the Senate took place in the 1980s, when the first bicameral committee for constitutional reform headed by Aldo Bozzi was created (1983). A second bicameral committee (headed by Ciriaco De Mita, later replaced by Nilde Iotti) operated in 1993–1994, followed in 1997 by the third committee headed by the leader of the Left Democrats, Massimo D'Alema. These three attempts were completely unsuccessful.

A reform bill proposed by Silvio Berlusconi's government was finally approved by the parliament in 2005. This proposal, which would also have considerably strengthened the powers of the Prime Minister, at the same time weakening the role of the President, was ultimately rejected in the 2006 referendum.

In 2011, with the financial crisis ensuing and Berlusconi forced to resign from the position of Prime Minister, the Parliament reprised discussions on constitutional reforms at the urging of president Giorgio Napolitano. However, strong disagreements between the two main parties (the People of Freedom and the Democratic Party) prevented the Parliament from deciding on a reform.

Matteo Renzi in 2015.

After the 2013 general election, constitutional reform remained a prominent political topic. However, the first real breakthrough occurred when Matteo Renzi, the new Secretary of the Democratic Party, was appointed Prime Minister in February 2014. As part of his government's program, Renzi pledged to implement a number of reforms, including the abolition of the perfectly symmetric bicameralism, with a substantial decrease in the membership and power of the Senate.

After the proposals passed both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate multiple[clarification needed] times, Renzi announced that he would hold a referendum to secure the endorsement of the Italian people for the change. In January 2016, announcing an October date for the referendum, Matteo Renzi stated that if his reforms were rejected he would resign as Prime Minister and leave politics.[5] Some opposition parties, predominantly Five Star Movement, Lega Nord and Italian Left, and also some newspapers like Il Fatto Quotidiano and Il manifesto, accused Renzi of turning the referendum into a plebiscite on his premiership with those comments.[6] However, after some months, Renzi said that his government will continue until the end of the legislature.

On 15 January 2016, La Repubblica announced that Renzi had hired American political adviser Jim Messina, who had previously managed Barack Obama's presidential campaigns, to oversee the campaign for "Yes".[7]

Details of the proposed reform

Role and powers of the Senate

The Senate represents territorial institutions. It shares the legislative power with the Chamber of Deputies, but the vote of the Senate is only required to enact laws regarding specific matters. For all other laws, the vote of the Senate is optional and can be overruled by a second vote of the Chamber of Deputies.

Senators enjoy the same immunities as the deputies, but receive no remuneration.

The Government does not need to have the confidence of the new Senate, and the Senate cannot pass a motion of no confidence against the Government.

Composition of the Senate

  • 95 senators are elected by the Regional Councils and by the Councils of the Autonomous Provinces of Trento and Bolzano. In each Region and Autonomous Province, one senator must be elected from among the mayors of the respective territories; the remaining senators must be elected from among the members of the Councils themselves.
  • 5 senators are appointed by the President of Italy for a seven-year term.
  • Former Presidents of Italy are senators for life.

No seats are assigned to the overseas constituencies of Italian Parliament (unlike in the Chamber of Deputies and the pre-reform Senate).[8]

The Senate is not subject to dissolution; instead, when a Regional Council ends its five years term, so do the senators elected by it; other senators will be elected after the regional council is renewed.

Apportionment of seats among Regions

Region Seats Region Seats Region Seats
Abruzzo 2 Friuli-Venezia Giulia 2 Sardinia 3
Aosta Valley 2 Lazio 8 Sicily 7
Apulia 6 Liguria 2 South Tyrol 2
Basilicata 2 Lombardy 14 Tuscany 5
Calabria 3 Marche 2 Trentino 2
Campania 9 Molise 2 Umbria 2
Emilia-Romagna 6 Piedmont 7 Veneto 7

Legislative procedure

The reform differentiates between two main legislative procedures: a unicameral procedure (in which the role of the Senate is mostly consultative) and a bicameral procedure (in which a bill must be approved by both Chambers).[9]

Under the unicameral procedure (which is used every time the Constitution does not require a special procedure), bills can be adopted by a vote of the Chamber of Deputies. At that point, the approved bill is sent to the Senate, which has 10 days to decide whether to examine it to propose changes, or let it be enacted without modification. If one-third of the senators ask to review the bill, the Senate has 30 days to formulate amendments and send the bill back to the Chamber of Deputies. Then the deputies will take the final decision on the Senate's proposals and on the bill as a whole. No further approval of the Senate is needed, but a qualified majority might be required to overcome the Senate's veto for laws adopted under the supremacy clause.

The bicameral procedure works in a similar way to the current legislative procedure, in that bills must be approved in the same text by both houses to be enacted, and will be forwarded from one house to the other until approved by both. This procedure is required for bills regarding the following.

  • territorial subdivisions of Italy (regions, municipalities, metropolitan cities, and the special municipality of Rome)
  • participation of Italy in the European Union (e.g. ratification of EU treaties)
  • the Senate itself (e.g. its electoral law)
  • protection of linguistic minorities
  • referendums and other forms of popular consultation

Opponents to the referendum argue that the legislative procedures under the reformed Constitution would be much more than two, because of the several articles that introduce exceptions.[10][11]

National and regional competences

The reform draws a different partition of matters reserved to the State and to the Regions. The so-called "concurrent competence", according to which the State law would state principles that should later be implemented by Regional laws, is abolished. All concurrent matters are reassigned to either the State's or the Regions' competence.

The Government can propose that the Parliament adopt a law on matters that are not reserved to the State, when this is required to protect the juridical or economic unity of Italy, or to protect national interests. Such laws are adopted according to the unicameral legislative procedure: however, when modifications are proposed by an absolute majority of the members of the Senate, the Chamber of Deputies can override the proposals only by voting against them with an absolute majority of its members.

CNEL and provinces

The National Council for Economics and Labour[12] (CNEL), a consultative assembly of experts and representatives of the economic categories is abolished.

Provinces (the second level territorial subdivision of Italy) are removed from the Constitution, except for the autonomous provinces of Bolzano and Trento. This opens the door for ordinary laws to abolish or radically reform them. In 2014-2015 fourteen provinces were already replaced by "metropolitan cities" (that still exist in the reformed Constitution).

Other changes

  • The majority required to elect the President is increased to three fifths of the members of the Parliament in joint session after the third round of balloting, and changed to three fifths of votes after the sixth round. (Today an absolute majority of the members of Parliament is needed after the second round of balloting.)
  • Two judges of the Constitutional Court are elected by the Senate, three by the Chamber of Deputies. (Today, the Parliament in joint session elects five judges.)
  • The initiative of 150,000 voters is required to propose new legislation. Once the text is received, the Parliament will be obliged to discuss it. (Today a bill needs only 50,000 proponents but doesn't need to be discussed.)
  • When a referendum is requested by more than 800,000 electors, it will only require a reduced turnout to be valid (more than half of the turnout of the last general election, down from the current absolute majority of electors).
  • Electoral laws are subject to a preemptive constitutional review by the Constitutional Court, as an additional guarantee for parliamentary minorities.
  • A state of war can be declared by the Chamber of Deputies only (rather than by both chambers); however, an absolute majority of its members is required (currently, a simple majority of the votes is sufficient).

Reactions

Prime Minister Renzi was accused by some law scholars and politicians, such as Stefano Rodotà and Fausto Bertinotti, of being an authoritarian and anti-democratic leader in proposing these changes,[13][14][15][16][17] while others, like Gianfranco Pasquino, argue that the adopted texts are badly written.[18][19]

In April 2016, a paper called "Appello dei costituzionalisti" was written by 56 law scholars (mainly constitutional law scholars), showing criticism of the proposed reform and their numerous concerns: among them there are Francesco Amirante, Paolo Caretti, Lorenza Carlassare, Ugo De Siervo, Giovanni Maria Flick, Paolo Maddalena, Valerio Onida, Alfonso Quaranta and Gustavo Zagrebelsky.

Later, in May 2016, other 184 law scholars and professors of various disciplines (among whom Franco Bassanini, Massimo Bordignon, Stefano Ceccanti, Francesco Clementi, Carlo Fusaro, Claudia Mancina, Stefano Mannoni, Angelo Panebianco, Pasquale Pasquino, Francesco Pizzetti, Michele Salvati, Tiziano Treu) have signed, instead, an appeal in favour of the constitutional reform.[20]

Campaign positions

Committees

Choice Logo Campaign Slogan Website
checkY Yes
Just a Yes
Basta un Sì
www.bastaunsi.it
☒N No
Committee for No
Comitato per il No
www.comitatoperilno.it
File:Io Voto No.jpg
I Vote No
Io Voto No
www.iovotono.it

Main political parties

Choice Parties Political orientation Leaders Ref
checkY Yes style="background-color: Template:Democratic Party (Italy)/meta/color" | Democratic Party (PD) Social democracy Matteo Renzi [21]
style="background-color: Template:New Centre-Right/meta/color" | New Centre-Right (NCD) Conservatism Angelino Alfano [22]
style="background-color: Template:Liberal Popular Alliance/meta/color" | Liberal Popular Alliance (ALA) Centrism Denis Verdini [23]
style="background-color: Template:Civic Choice/meta/color" | Civic Choice (SC) Liberalism Enrico Zanetti [24][25]
style="background-color: Template:Italian Socialist Party (2007)/meta/color" | Italian Socialist Party (PSI) Social democracy Riccardo Nencini [26][27]
Act! (F!) Federalism Flavio Tosi [28]
style="background-color: Template:Democratic Centre (Italy)/meta/color" | Democratic Centre (CD) Christian left Bruno Tabacci [29]
style="background-color: Template:Italy of Values/meta/color" | Italy of Values (IdV) Populism Ignazio Messina [30]
style="background-color: Template:Italian Radicals/meta/color" | Italian Radicals (RI) Liberalism Emma Bonino [31]
☒N No style="background-color: Template:Five Star Movement/meta/color" | Five Star Movement (M5S) Populism Beppe Grillo [32]
style="background-color: Template:Forza Italia (2013)/meta/color" | Forza Italia (FI) Liberal conservatism Silvio Berlusconi [33]
style="background-color: Template:Italian Left/meta/color" | Italian Left (SI) Democratic socialism Nicola Fratoianni [34]
style="background-color: Template:Lega Nord/meta/color" | Lega Nord (LN) Regionalism Matteo Salvini [35]
style="background-color: Template:Brothers of Italy/meta/color" | Brothers of Italy (FdI) National conservatism Giorgia Meloni [36]
style="background-color: Template:Union of the Centre (2002)/meta/color" | Union of the Centre (UdC) Christian democracy Lorenzo Cesa [37]
style="background-color: Template:Conservatives and Reformists (Italy)/meta/color" | Conservatives and Reformists (CR) Conservatism Raffaele Fitto [38]
style="background-color: Template:Possible (Italy)/meta/color" | Possible (P) Progressivism Giuseppe Civati [39]
style="background-color: Template:Federation of the Greens/meta/color" | Federation of the Greens (FdV) Green politics Giobbe Covatta [40]
style="background-color: Template:Communist Refoundation Party/meta/color" | Communist Refoundation Party (PRC) Communism Paolo Ferrero [41]
style="background-color: Template:Party of Italian Communists/meta/color" | Italian Communist Party (PCI) Communism Mauro Alboresi [42]
CasaPound Italy (CPI) Neo-fascism Gianluca Iannone [43]
New Force (FN) Ultranationalism Roberto Fiore [44]

European political parties

Choice Parties Political orientation Leaders Ref
checkY Yes style="background-color: Template:Party of European Socialists/meta/color" | Party of European Socialists (PES) Social democracy Sergei Stanishev [45]
☒N No Democracy in Europe Movement 2025 (DiEM 25) Alter-Europeanism Yanis Varoufakis [46]

Trade unions and business organisations

Choice Organisations Political and cultural orientation Secretaries
checkY Yes General Confederation of Italian Industry (Confindustria)[47] Employers and businesses' organisation Vincenzo Boccia
Italian Confederation of Workers' Trade Unions (CISL) Centrism Anna Maria Furlan
☒N No Italian General Confederation of Labour (CGIL)[48] Democratic socialism Susanna Camusso
Neutral/Undeclared Italian Labour Union (UIL)[49] Social democracy Carmelo Barbagallo

Newspapers

Choice Newspapers Political and cultural orientation
checkY Yes L'Unità[50] Social democracy[51]
Il Sole 24 Ore Business newspaper
Il Foglio[52] Conservatism
☒N No Il Fatto Quotidiano[53] Anti-establishment, Populism
Il Giornale[54] Conservatism[55]
Libero[56] Liberal conservatism
Il manifesto[57] Communism
Neutral/Undeclared La Repubblica Social liberalism
Corriere della Sera Centrism
La Stampa Centrism

Periodicals

Choice Periodicals Political and cultural orientation
checkY Yes La Civiltà Cattolica[58][59] Periodical published by the Society of Jesus
Mondoperaio[60] Monthly journal, official organ of the Italian Socialist Party

Other organisations

Choice Organisations Political and cultural orientation Leaders
checkY Yes Christian Associations of Italian Workers (ACLI)[61] Catholic social teaching Roberto Rossini
☒N No National Association of the Italian Partisans (ANPI)[62] Anti-fascism Carlo Smuraglia
Neutral Libera[63] Anti-mafia Luigi Ciotti

TV debates

Date Channel Program Moderator Participants Audience Notes
checkY YES ☒N NO Audience Share
16 September La7 Sì o No Enrico Mentana Roberto Giachetti Massimo D'Alema 792,000 3.4% [64][65]
23 September Gian Luca Galletti,
Dario Nardella		 Renato Brunetta,
Giuseppe Civati		 574,000 2.7% [66]
30 September Matteo Renzi Gustavo Zagrebelsky 1,747,000 8.0% [67][68]
14 October Luciano Violante Tomaso Montanari 626,000 3.8% [69]
23 September La7 Otto e Mezzo Lilli Gruber Matteo Renzi Marco Travaglio 2,280,000 9.4% [70]
7 October Maria Elena Boschi Matteo Salvini 2,000,000 8.4% [71]
28 October La7 Sì o No Enrico Mentana Matteo Renzi Ciriaco De Mita 825,000 10.8%
4 November Stefano Ceccanti
Anna Ascani 		Elisabetta Piccolotti
Anna Falcone 		603,000 3.5%

Opinion polls

File:Media sondaggi sul referendum costituzionale italiano del 2016.svg
Polling data about the 2016 Italian constitutional referendum.
Date Polling Firm Total Considering only Yes/No vote
checkYYes ☒NNo None / Don't know Lead checkYYes ☒NNo Lead
28–30 Oct 2016 EMG Acqua 34.7 37.6 27.7 2.9 48.0 52.0 4.0
27–29 Oct 2016 Istituto Tecnè 23.0 25.8 51.2 2.8 47.1 52.9 5.8
27–28 Oct 2016 ScenariPolitici–Winpoll 25.2 27.8 47.0 2.6 47.5 52.5 5.0
26–27 Oct 2016 Demopolis 36.1 36.9 27.0 0.8 49.5 50.5 1.0
26–27 Oct 2016 Index Research 39.5 41.5 19.0 2.0 48.7 51.3 2.6
24–27 Oct 2016 Demos&Pi 35.0 39.0 26.0 4.0 47.3 52.7 5.4
26 Oct 2016 Eumetra Monterosa 23.0 27.0 50.0 4.0 46.0 54.0 8.0
26 Oct 2016 Istituto Ixè 37.0 40.0 23.0 2.0 48.1 51.9 3.8
22–23 Oct 2016 EMG Acqua 34.7 37.8 27.5 3.1 47.9 52.1 4.2
21–22 Oct 2016 IPR Marketing 24.1 24.9 51.0 0.8 49.2 50.8 1.6
21–22 Oct 2016 Tecnè 23.3 25.7 51.0 2.4 47.5 52.5 5.0
21–22 Oct 2016 Tecnè 23.3 25.7 51.0 2.0 47.5 52.5 5.0
21 Oct 2016 ScenariPolitici–Winpoll 25.9 28.1 46.0 2.2 48.0 52.0 4.0
18–19 Oct 2016 Index Research 38.8 41.2 20.0 2.4 48.5 51.5 3.0
17–19 Oct 2016 Demopolis 37.2 35.8 27.0 1.4 51.0 49.0 2.0
18 October 2016
U.S. President Barack Obama endorses the Yes
15–16 Oct 2016 EMG Acqua 33.8 37.0 29.2 3.2 47.7 52.3 4.6
15 Oct 2016 IPR Marketing 23.3 24.7 52.0 1.4 48.5 51.5 3.0
14–15 Oct 2016 Tecnè 23.5 25.5 51.0 2.0 48.0 52.0 4.0
14 Oct 2016 ScenariPolitici–Winpoll 25.4 28.6 46.0 3.2 47.0 53.0 6.0
11–12 Oct 2016 Index Research 38.9 41.1 20.0 2.2 48.6 51.4 2.8
12 Oct 2016 Istituto Ixè 37.0 37.0 26.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0
10–12 Oct 2016 Demopolis 35.0 36.0 29.0 1.0 49.3 50.7 1.4
8–9 Oct 2016 EMG Acqua 32.3 36.3 31.4 3.0 47.1 52.9 5.8
5 Oct 2016 Istituto Ixè 38.0 37.0 25.0 1.0 50.7 49.3 1.4
3–5 Oct 2016 Sondaggi Bidimedia–Bi3 23.2 26.8 50.0 3.6 46.5 53.5 7.0
3–4 Oct 2016 Index Research 37.7 40.3 22.0 2.6 48.3 51.7 3.4
1–2 Oct 2016 EMG Acqua 31.4 36.0 32.6 2.2 46.6 53.4 6.8
30 Sep–1 Oct 2016 Ipsos SRL 23.0 25.0 44.0 2.0 48.0 52.0 4.0
29–30 Sep 2016 ScenariPolitici–Winpoll 25.2 27.8 47.0 2.6 47.5 52.5 5.0
28 Sep 2016 Istituto Ixè 38.0 36.0 26.0 2.0 51.4 48.6 2.8
27–28 Sep 2016 Index Research 34.4 36.6 29.0 2.2 48.5 51.5 3.0
25–27 Sep 2016 Demopolis 35.6 36.4 28.0 0.8 49.5 50.5 1.0
26 September 2016
The Government announces the date of the referendum
24–25 Sep 2016 EMG Acqua 29.6 35.5 34.9 5.9 45.5 54.5 9.0
22–23 Sep 2016 Lorien Consulting 37.0 36.0 27.0 1.0 50.7 49.3 1.4
21 Sep 2016 Eumetra Monterosa 17.0 21.0 62.0 4.0
21 Sep 2016 Istituto Ixè 38.0 35.0 27.0 3.0 52.1 47.9 4.2
20–21 Sep 2016 Index Research 35.8 37.2 27.0 1.4 49.0 51.0 2.0
17–18 Sep 2016 EMG Acqua 30.1 34.1 35.8 4.0 46.9 53.1 6.2
14 Sep 2016 Istituto Ixè 39.0 37.0 24.0 2.0 52.0 48.0 4.0
10–11 Sep 2016 EMG Acqua 28.5 30.8 40.7 2.3 48.1 51.9 3.8
7 Sep 2016 Istituto Ixè 40.0 36.0 24.0 4.0 52.6 47.4 5.2
3–4 Sep 2016 EMG Acqua 26.9 28.4 44.7 1.5 48.7 51.3 2.6
31 Aug 2016 Istituto Ixè 42.0 35.0 23.0 7.0 54.5 45.5 9.0
24–26 Aug 2016 ScenariPolitici–Winpoll 23.5 27.5 49.0 4.0 46.0 54.0 8.0
9–11 Aug 2016 ScenariPolitici–Winpoll 23.0 26.0 51.0 3.0 47.0 53.0 6.0
3 Aug 2016 Istituto Ixè 45.0 36.0 19.0 9.0 55.6 44.4 11.2
30–31 Jul 2016 EMG Acqua 28.9 29.5 42.0 0.6 49.1 50.9 1.8
27–28 Jul 2016 ScenariPolitici–Winpoll 21.8 24.2 54.0 2.4 47.5 52.5 5.0
27 Jul 2016 Istituto Ixè 44.0 38.0 18.0 6.0 53.7 46.3 7.4
23–24 Jul 2016 EMG Acqua 28.5 30.1 41.4 1.6 48.6 51.4 2.8
16–17 Jul 2016 EMG Acqua 27.8 29.5 42.7 1.7 48.5 51.5 3.0
16–18 Jul 2016 Demopolis 37.0 37.0 26.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0
12–13 Jul 2016 Ipsos SRL 26.0 25.0 49.0 1.0 51.0 49.0 2.0
11 Jul 2016 Demos&Pi 37.0 30.0 33.0 7.0 55.2 44.8 10.4
9–10 Jul 2016 EMG Acqua 26.9 28.7 44.4 1.8 48.4 51.6 3.2
15 Jul 2016 IPR Marketing 24.0 26.0 50.0 2.0 48.0 52.0 4.0
6 Jul 2016 Istituto Ixè 27.0 32.0 41.0 5.0 45.8 54.2 8.4
4 Jul 2016 Euromedia Research 28.6 34.0 37.4 5.4 45.7 54.3 8.6
2–3 Jul 2016 EMG Acqua 27.4 29.9 42.7 2.5 47.8 52.2 4.4
27 Jun 2016 Euromedia Research 29.0 33.5 37.5 4.5 46.4 53.6 7.2
25–26 Jun 2016 EMG Acqua 29.3 29.0 41.7 0.3 50.3 49.7 0.6
23–24 Jun 2016 ScenariPolitici–Winpoll 22.1 25.9 52.0 3.8 46.0 54.0 8.0
23 Jun 2016 Istituto Ixè 34.6 37.4 28.0 2.8 48.0 52.0 4.0
19 Jun 2016
Local elections in many important cities (2nd round)
18–19 Jun 2016 EMG Acqua 28.6 27.2 44.2 1.4 51.3 48.7 2.6
15 Jun 2016 Euromedia Research 29.0 33.0 38.0 4.0 46.8 53.2 6.4
6 Jun 2016 Euromedia Research 29.9 32.5 37.6 2.6 47.9 52.1 4.2
5 Jun 2016
Local elections in many important cities (1st round)
3–4 Jun 2016 Index Research 42.0 38.0 20.0 4.0 52.5 47.5 5.0
3–4 Jun 2016 EMG Acqua 26.0 24.2 49.8 1.8 51.8 48.2 3.6
21 May 2016
Just a Yes campaign officially begins
18 May 2016 Istituto Ixè 33.1 35.9 31.0 2.8 48.0 52.0 4.0
16–17 May 2016 IPR Marketing 32.0 23.0 55.0 4.5 54.0 46.0 9.0
16 May 2016 Istituto Piepoli 41.0 33.0 26.0 8.0 55.4 44.6 10.8
14–15 May 2016 EMG Acqua 26.1 23.7 50.2 2.4 52.4 47.6 4.8
12–14 May 2016 Index Research 44.0 34.0 22.0 10.0 56.4 43.6 12.8
13 May 2016 Tecnè 29.1 25.9 45.0 3.2 53.0 47.0 6.0
10–13 May 2016 ScenariPolitici–Winpoll 29.7 30.3 40.0 0.6 49.5 50.5 1.0
11 May 2016 Istituto Ixè 33.1 38.9 28.0 5.8 46.0 54.0 8.0
9 May 2016 Istituto Piepoli 46.0 28.0 26.0 8.0 62.0 38.0 24.0
4 May 2016 Eumetra Monterosa 17.0 26.0 57.0 9.0 39.5 60.5 21.0
2 May 2016 Euromedia Research 30.0 32.5 37.5 2.5 48.0 52.0 4.0
29–30 Apr 2016 Index Research 50.0 30.0 20.0 20.0 62.5 37.5 25.0
27 Apr 2016 Istituto Ixè 35.7 34.3 30.0 1.4 51.0 49.0 2.0
26–27 Apr 2016 Demopolis 27.3 19.7 53.0 7.6 58.0 42.0 16.0
20 Apr 2016 Istituto Ixè 36.6 32.4 31.0 4.2 53.0 47.0 6.0
18 Apr 2016 Euromedia Research 25.3 24.7 50.0 0.3 50.3 49.7 0.6
15 Apr 2016 Euromedia Research 26.0 28.1 45.9 2.1 48.1 51.9 3.8
12–13 Apr 2016 ScenariPolitici–Winpoll 29.0 32.0 39.0 3.0 47.5 52.5 5.0
12 Apr 2016
The Parliament approves the constitutional reform bill
29 Mar 2016 Euromedia Research 26.2 25.8 48.0 0.4 50.4 49.6 0.8
10–11 Mar 2016 Index Research 52.0 25.0 23.0 27.0 68.0 32.0 36.0
22–25 Feb 2016 Demetra 60.0 21.0 19.0 39.0 74.0 26.0 48.0
22–25 Feb 2016 Demos&Pi 50.0 24.0 26.0 16.0 68.0 32.0 36.0
17 Feb 2016 Index Research 53.0 17.0 30.0 36.0 76.0 24.0 52.0
8 Feb 2016 Istituto Piepoli 42.2 23.8 34.0 21.6 64.0 36.0 28.0
5 Jan 2016 Euromedia Research 24.0 25.0 51.0 1.0 49.0 51.0 2.0
27–28 Jan 2016 Ipsos SRL 21.0 16.0 63.0 5.0 57.0 43.0 14.0
27 Jan 2016 Istituto Ixè 45.0 36.0 19.0 9.0 56.0 44.0 12.0
25 Jan 2016 Ipsos SRL 22.0 15.0 63.0 7.0 59.0 41.0 18.0
23–24 Jan 2016 EMG Acqua 34.5 14.8 50.7 19.7 69.9 30.1 39.8
15–20 Jan 2016 Index Research 59.8 28.2 12.0 31.6 68.0 32.0 36.0
13 Jan 2016 Istituto Ixè 44.0 32.0 24.0 12.0 58.0 42.0 16.0
9–11 Jan 2016 Demopolis 60.0 21.0 19.0 18.2 74.0 26.0 48.0
9–10 Jan 2016 EMG Acqua 36.1 17.9 46.0 18.2 66.8 33.2 33.6
16–24 Nov 2015 Demetra 60.0 18.3 21.7 18.3 68.3 31.7 36.6
9 Nov 2015 Euromedia Research 50.0 30.4 19.6 9.8 59.8 40.2 19.6
30 Oct 2015
I Vote No campaign officially begins
14 Oct 2015 Istituto Ixè 32.0 34.0 34.0 2.0 48.0 52.0 4.0
11–13 Oct 2015 Demopolis 67.0 18.0 15.0 49.0 79.0 21.0 58.0
12 Oct 2015 IPR Marketing 46.0 33.0 21.0 13.0 58.0 42.0 16.0
12 Oct 2015 Tecnè 41.0 35.0 24.0 6.0 54.0 46.0 8.0
5 Oct 2015 Euromedia Research 32.8 32.5 34.7 0.3 50.2 49.8 0.4
21 Sep 2015 Istituto Piepoli 48.0 41.0 11.0 7.0 54.0 46.0 8.0
31 May 2015
Regional elections in seven regions
11 Mar 2015 Istituto Ixè 28.0 41.0 31.0 4.0 41.0 59.0 18.0
4 Ago 2014 Istituto Piepoli 46.0 41.0 13.0 5.0 52.9 47.1 5.8
7 Jul 2014 Istituto Piepoli 53.0 35.0 12.0 18.0 60.0 40.0 20.0
28-30 Jun 2014 Lorien Consulting 29.0 21.0 50.0 4.0 54.0 46.0 8.0
25 May 2014
Democratic landslide victory in the European election
7 Apr 2014 IPR Marketing 57.0 23.0 20.0 34.0 71.0 29.0 42.0
31 Mar 2014 Istituto Piepoli 66.0 24.0 10.0 42.0 73.0 27.0 46.0
31 Mar 2014 Ipsos SRL 63.0 24.0 13.0 39.0 72.0 28.0 44.0
Source: Sondaggi Politico Elettorali – Italian Government

Results

Choice Votes %
checkY Yes
–
 0.00%
☒N No
–
 0.00%
Invalid/blank votes
–
 0.00%
Total
–
 0.00%
Registered voters/turnout
–
 0.00%
Source:
Popular vote
checkY Yes
 
 0.00%
☒N No
 
 0.00%

References

  1. ^ "Scheda / La nuova Costituzione e il nuovo Senato (versione solo testo)". 12 October 2015. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  2. ^ "Constitution of the Italian Republic" (PDF). Senate of the Republic. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
  3. ^ "Camera.it - XVII Legislatura - Lavori - Progetti di legge - Scheda del progetto di legge". Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  4. ^ "Riforme, al Senato scontro tra maggioranza e opposizione per l'emendamento 'canguro'". Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  5. ^ "Renzi: Referendum?Se perdo vado a casa". Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  6. ^ "Riforme, Sinistra italiana: "Renzi vuole trasformare il referendum in un plebiscito su di sé"". Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  7. ^ "Renzi assume Jim Messina per risolvere i problemi del Pd (come consigliato dal Foglio mesi fa)". Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  8. ^ "Italian Constitutional Referendum 2016: yes or no". Retrieved 10 November 2016.
  9. ^ http://www.altalex.com/documents/news/2016/09/27/riforma-costituzionale-il-procedimento-legislativo-dal-singolare-al-plurale
  10. ^ http://www.ilcambiamento.it/editoriale/referendum_costituzionale_autocrazia.html
  11. ^ http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/premium/articoli/il-libro-che-spiega-perche-no-al-senato-dei-nominati-immuni/
  12. ^ Consiglio nazionale dell'economia e del lavoro (9 August 2016). "Acts and Regulations".
  13. ^ Renzi: “Abolizione Senato il 10 giugno”. Riforma Pa: “Beccare fannulloni”
  14. ^ "Renzi progetta un premierato forte e già lo pratica". L'Huffington Post. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  15. ^ Silvia Truzzi. "Riforme, Rodotà: "Avremo un governo padrone del sistema costituzionale" – Il Fatto Quotidiano". Il Fatto Quotidiano. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  16. ^ "Bertinotti: "L'ordine nuovo di Renzi. Autoritario, non di sinistra"". Eddyburg.it. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  17. ^ "Bertinotti: "Con Renzi la sinistra non esiste più..."". Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  18. ^ Gianfranco Pasquino, "Cittadini senza scettro. Le riforme sbagliate", reviewed by Sabino Cassese, “Le riforme e lo spezzatino”, in Sole 24 ore, DICEMBRE 28, 2015.
  19. ^ Template:It [ Giampiero Buonomo, La transizione infinita Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) Mondoperaio, n. 2/2016, pp. 88–90].
  20. ^ "Le ragioni del Sì" (PDF). corriere.it. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
  21. ^ "Pd, Renzi lancia la campagna sul referendum costituzionale: "Deve essere battaglia unitaria"". La Repubblica (in Italian). 3 August 2016.
  22. ^ "Lupi: Sosterremo lavoro fatto, dicendo sì al referendum – Intervista a Libero" (in Italian). nuovocentrodestra.it. 22 June 2016.
  23. ^ "Referendum, Verdini: "Fonderemo i comitati del sì, abbiamo partecipato e scritto queste riforme"". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 31 July 2016.
  24. ^ "Renzi: stabilità a rischio se vince il no". Il Sole 24 Ore (in Italian). 3 August 2016.
  25. ^ "Riforma costituzionale, Enrico Zanetti: "Troppo importante per il Paese per concedersi il lusso di giocarci sopra una partita a poker"" (in Italian). sceltacivica.it. 23 June 2016.
  26. ^ "Referendum. Nencini: Il Psi si mobilita per il Sì, 11 e 12 gazebo in tutta Italia" (in Italian). partitosocialista.it. 9 June 2016.
  27. ^ "Perché votare a favore della riforma costituzionale" (in Italian). partitosocialista.it. 23 May 2016.
  28. ^ "Referendum Costituzionale 2016. Fare! Dice Sì" (in Italian). farecontosi.it. 20 June 2016.
  29. ^ "Dellai con Tabacci "Sì al referendum"" (in Italian). ilcentrodemocratico.it. 4 August 2016.
  30. ^ "Riforme: Idv incontra ministro Boschi" (in Italian). italiadeivalori.it. 26 May 2016.
  31. ^ "Referendum costituzionale, Comitato per la libertà di voto: Governo non lavori per sé ma per i diritti civili e politici dei cittadini" (in Italian). radicali.it. 9 August 2016.
  32. ^ "Emma Bonino voterà sì al referendum, senza entusiasmo". Il Post (in Italian). 2 November 2016.
  33. ^ "Referendum costituzionale, lʼallarme di Berlusconi: "Se passa la riforma entriamo in un regime"". TgCom24 (in Italian). 8 May 2016.
  34. ^ "Sinistra Italiana: Noi diciamo No. Questa riforma stravolge la Carta" (in Italian). sinistraitaliana.si. 4 August 2016.
  35. ^ "Referendum, al via il comitato per il "No": FI, Lega e FdI insieme". Il Secolo d'Italia (in Italian). 18 May 2016.
  36. ^ "Referendum, Meloni: "NO, grazie" a riforma Renzi che non abolisce il Senato ma le elezioni dei senatori" (in Italian). fratelli-italia.it. 8 August 2016.
  37. ^ "RIFORME: CESA, E' UN PASTICCIO, DICIAMO 'NO' MA NON PER MANDAR VIA RENZI". Unione di Centro (in Italian). udc-italia.it/. 20 July 2016.
  38. ^ "REFERENDUM, BONFRISCO: VOTEREMO,NO,RIFORMA NON UTILE ITALIANI" (in Italian). gruppocor.it. 6 July 2016.
  39. ^ "Gli eventi del 2 giugno di Possibile, per il "NO" al Referendum" (in Italian). possibile.com. 1 June 2016.
  40. ^ "Referendum costituzionale – La posizione dei Verdi" (PDF) (in Italian). verdilombardia.it. 15 June 2016.
  41. ^ "Costituzione: le ragioni del NO" (in Italian). rifondazione.it. 25 November 2015.
  42. ^ "Sul referendum costituzionale" (in Italian). http://www.ilpartitocomunistaitaliano.it/. 27 September 2016. {{cite news}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
  43. ^ "Referendum Costituzionale: ecco perché bisogna sostenere il No" (in Italian). ilprimatonazionale.it. 29 July 2016.
  44. ^ "Mobilitazione di Forza Nuova in Capitanata sul referendum del 4 dicembre" (in Italian). .statoquotidiano.it. 27 October 2016.
  45. ^ "PES DECLARES SUPPORT TO THE ITALIAN REFERENDUM CAMPAIGN "BASTA UN SÍ"". PES.eu. 14 October 2016.
  46. ^ "El "No" europeo al referéndum constitucional de Italia". Diem25 - Democracy in Europe Movement 2025. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
  47. ^ "Confindustria, l'Italia è ripartita ma la ripresa non c'è". 26 May 2016. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  48. ^ "Ordine del giorno su referendum costituzionale approvato dall'assemblea generale Cgil. - CGIL". 8 September 2016. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  49. ^ "Carmelo BARBAGALLO: comunicato Stampa del 07/10/2016 Condividi su Twitter Condividi su Facebook! Barbagallo: Evitare le tifoserie per il si e per il no. Decidere con coscienza e conoscenza". uil.it. 7 September 2016. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  50. ^ "Perché il referendum non è un plebiscito ma nemmeno un appuntamento neutro". Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  51. ^ Official newspaper of the Democratic Party
  52. ^ Claudio Cerasa (3 May 2016). "Che ci fa Berlusconi con Travaglio?". Il Foglio (in Italian). ilfoglio.it.
  53. ^ "Referendum, costituzione repubblicana o "principato" renziano?". 12 January 2016. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  54. ^ "Riforme, ddl approvato alla Camera. Comitato per il No al referendum scalda i motori". Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  55. ^ Owned by Silvio Berlusconi's brother
  56. ^ "Il sondaggio che manda a casa Renzi. Prepari la valigia: ecco i numeri". Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  57. ^ "Il Referendum plebiscito". Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  58. ^ Francesco Occhetta (May 2016). "La riforma della Costituzione" (PDF). La Civiltà Cattolica (in Italian). stefanoceccanti.wordpress.com.
  59. ^ "Gesuiti promuovono riforme: auspicabile vittoria sì a referendum. Una bocciatura provocherebbe blocco Paese e apertura nuovi conflitti". Askanews (in Italian). stefanoceccanti.wordpress.com. 12 May 2016.
  60. ^ "Perché votare a favore della riforma costituzionale". Mondoperaio (in Italian). mondoperaio.net. 20 May 2016.
  61. ^ "Referendum, il video della conferenza stampa". ACLI (in Italian). www.acli.it. 19 October 2016.
  62. ^ "Accordo Anpi-Arci per il no alla riforma del senato e per emendare la legge elettorale". ANPI (in Italian). www.anpi.it. 9 May 2016.
  63. ^ "(no title)". Libera (in Italian). www.facebook.com. 14 October 2016. {{cite news}}: Cite uses generic title (help)
  64. ^ "Speciale TgLa7 Referendum/ Anticipazioni e diretta streaming: in studio Giachetti e D'Alema (oggi, 16 settembre 2016)". ilsussidiario.net. 16 settembre 2016. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  65. ^ Mattia Buonocore (17 settembre 2016). "Ascolti TV 16 settembre 2016". DavideMaggio.it. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  66. ^ Mattia Buonocore (24 settembre 2016). "Ascolti TV 23 settembre 2016". DavideMaggio.it. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  67. ^ "Enrico Mentana pronto a moderare venerdì il duello televisivo tra Matteo Renzi e Gustavo Zagrebelsky sul referendum". L'Huffington Post. 27 settembre 2016. Retrieved 29 settembre 2016. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |access-date= and |date= (help)
  68. ^ "ASCOLTI TV VENERDI 30 SETTEMBRE 2016. TALE E QUALE (21.8%) SURCLASSA SQUADRA ANTIMAFIA (13.7%). BOOM SPECIALE REFERENDUM CON RENZI (8%)". davidemaggio.it. 1 October 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
  69. ^ "Venerdi 14 Ottobre 2016. IN 5,1 MLN per TALE e QUALE (23.3%), SQUADRA ANTIMAFIA AL 13.7%". Davidemaggio.it. ASCOLTI TV. 15 October 2016. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  70. ^ Ascolti tv, record per Otto e mezzo con Renzi e Travaglio: 2 milioni di spettatori, 9,35% di share
  71. ^ Scontro Boschi-Salvini. Ora Renzi corre ai ripari
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2016_Italian_constitutional_referendum&oldid=749819455"