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|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|cat3}} | <big>'''F3'''</big>
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|cat3}} | <big>'''F3'''</big>
|[[Nashville, Tennessee]]<ref name="SPC downtown tornadoes" /><ref>[http://www.tennessean.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080206/NEWS15/802070393 ]{{dead link|date=February 2017}}</ref><ref>[http://www.srh.noaa.gov/bna/research/tornado_1933/pages4-5.jpg ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514170333/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/bna/research/tornado_1933/pages4-5.jpg |date=May 14, 2009 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.srh.noaa.gov/bna/research/tornado_1933/pages8-9.jpg ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514170936/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/bna/research/tornado_1933/pages8-9.jpg |date=May 14, 2009 }}</ref><ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite web|url=http://www.newschannel5.com/Global/story.asp?S=8164131|title=NewsChannel 5.com - Nashville, Tennessee - Similarities and Differences Between 1933 and 1998 Nashville Tornadoes<!-- Bot generated title -->|publisher=}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/bna/research/bnator33.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-05-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331052207/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/bna/research/bnator33.htm |archivedate=2009-03-31 |df= }}</ref><ref name=autogenerated1 /><ref>[http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~340641 ] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520005642/http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent%7EShowEvent%7E340641 |date=2011-05-20 }}</ref><ref>[http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~340657 ] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520005651/http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent%7EShowEvent%7E340657 |date=2011-05-20 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.castorweather.com/USF4F5.htm|title=US F4 , F5 TORNADOES|author=|date=|work=Castorweather.com|accessdate=9 February 2017}}</ref>
|[[Nashville, Tennessee]]<ref name="SPC downtown tornadoes" /><ref>[http://www.tennessean.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080206/NEWS15/802070393 ]{{dead link|date=February 2017}}</ref><ref>[http://www.srh.noaa.gov/bna/research/tornado_1933/pages4-5.jpg ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514170333/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/bna/research/tornado_1933/pages4-5.jpg |date=May 14, 2009 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.srh.noaa.gov/bna/research/tornado_1933/pages8-9.jpg ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514170936/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/bna/research/tornado_1933/pages8-9.jpg |date=May 14, 2009 }}</ref><ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite web|url=http://www.newschannel5.com/Global/story.asp?S=8164131|title=NewsChannel 5.com - Nashville, Tennessee - Similarities and Differences Between 1933 and 1998 Nashville Tornadoes<!-- Bot generated title -->|publisher=}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/bna/research/bnator33.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-05-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331052207/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/bna/research/bnator33.htm |archivedate=2009-03-31 |df= }}</ref><ref name=autogenerated1 /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent%7EShowEvent%7E340641 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-05-25 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520005642/http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~340641 |archivedate=2011-05-20 |df= }} </ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent%7EShowEvent%7E340657 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-05-25 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520005651/http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~340657 |archivedate=2011-05-20 |df= }} </ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.castorweather.com/USF4F5.htm|title=US F4 , F5 TORNADOES|author=|date=|work=Castorweather.com|accessdate=9 February 2017}}</ref>
|March 14, 1933
|March 14, 1933
|15
|15
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|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|cat5}} | <big>'''F5'''</big>
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|cat5}} | <big>'''F5'''</big>
|[[Topeka, Kansas]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tornadoproject.com/myths/myths.htm |title=Myths and Misconceptions about Tornadoes |publisher=Tornadoproject.com |date= |accessdate=2012-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crh.noaa.gov/top/events/66tornado.php |title=The Topeka Tornado - June 8, 1966 - NWS Topeka, KS |publisher=Crh.noaa.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-07-17}}</ref>
|[[Topeka, Kansas]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tornadoproject.com/myths/myths.htm |title=Myths and Misconceptions about Tornadoes |publisher=Tornadoproject.com |date= |accessdate=2012-07-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051114213725/http://www.tornadoproject.com/myths/myths.htm |archivedate=2005-11-14 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crh.noaa.gov/top/events/66tornado.php |title=The Topeka Tornado - June 8, 1966 - NWS Topeka, KS |publisher=Crh.noaa.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-07-17}}</ref>
|June 8, 1966
|June 8, 1966
|16
|16
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|-
|-
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|cat3}} | <big>'''F3'''</big>
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|cat3}} | <big>'''F3'''</big>
|[[Kalamazoo, Michigan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crh.noaa.gov/grr/science/19800513/19800513.pdf|title=Grand Rapids, MI|first=US Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Weather|last=Service|date=|work=noaa.gov|accessdate=9 February 2017}}</ref><ref name="rootsweb">{{cite web|title=Kalamazoo 1980 Tornado |work=Kalamazoo County, Michigan, Genealogy and Local History |url=http://www.rootsweb.com/~mikalama/tornado.htm |accessdate=2006-07-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050507170021/http://www.rootsweb.com/~mikalama/tornado.htm |archivedate=May 7, 2005 }}</ref><ref name="library">{{cite web | title=TWISTER! The 1980 Tornado |work=Kalamazoo Public Library - Local History |url=http://www.kpl.gov/local-history/general/tornado.aspx | accessdate=2010-06-09}}</ref><ref name="vanished">{{cite web | title=TORNADO!|work=Vanished Kalamazoo | url=http://www.vanishedkalamazoo.com/tornado/tornado.htm | accessdate=2006-07-30}}</ref><ref>[http://www.crh.noaa.gov/grr/science/19800513/ The May 13, 1980 Kalamazoo Tornado] case study ([[Grand Rapids, Michigan|Grand Rapids]] office of the [[National Weather Service]])</ref><ref>[http://www.migenweb.org/kalamazoo/tornado.htm Kalamazoo 1980 tornado] MIGenWeb - Michigan Genealoty on the Web</ref><ref>[http://www.kpl.gov/local-history/general/tornado.aspx TWISTER! The 1980 Tornado] Kalamazoo Public Library - Local History</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=naR9KzPXAzE Kalamazoo, Michigan Tornado, Tuesday 13 May 1980] YouTube Video</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wPNfT9qujVA The Kalamazoo Tornado - May 13, 1980] YouTube Video</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070219071551/http://www.rootsweb.com/~mikalama/tornado.htm "Kalamazoo 1980 Tornado"]. Kalamazoo County, Michigan, Genealogy and Local History. Archived from the [http://www.rootsweb.com/~mikalama/tornado.htm original] on 2007-02-19. Retrieved 2006-07-30.</ref>
|[[Kalamazoo, Michigan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crh.noaa.gov/grr/science/19800513/19800513.pdf|title=Grand Rapids, MI|first=US Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Weather|last=Service|date=|work=noaa.gov|accessdate=9 February 2017}}</ref><ref name="rootsweb">{{cite web|title=Kalamazoo 1980 Tornado |work=Kalamazoo County, Michigan, Genealogy and Local History |url=http://www.rootsweb.com/~mikalama/tornado.htm |accessdate=2006-07-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050507170021/http://www.rootsweb.com/~mikalama/tornado.htm |archivedate=May 7, 2005 }}</ref><ref name="library">{{cite web | title=TWISTER! The 1980 Tornado |work=Kalamazoo Public Library - Local History |url=http://www.kpl.gov/local-history/general/tornado.aspx | accessdate=2010-06-09}}</ref><ref name="vanished">{{cite web|title=TORNADO! |work=Vanished Kalamazoo |url=http://www.vanishedkalamazoo.com/tornado/tornado.htm |accessdate=2006-07-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060908131126/http://www.vanishedkalamazoo.com/tornado/tornado.htm |archivedate=2006-09-08 |df= }}</ref><ref>[http://www.crh.noaa.gov/grr/science/19800513/ The May 13, 1980 Kalamazoo Tornado] case study ([[Grand Rapids, Michigan|Grand Rapids]] office of the [[National Weather Service]])</ref><ref>[http://www.migenweb.org/kalamazoo/tornado.htm Kalamazoo 1980 tornado] MIGenWeb - Michigan Genealoty on the Web</ref><ref>[http://www.kpl.gov/local-history/general/tornado.aspx TWISTER! The 1980 Tornado] Kalamazoo Public Library - Local History</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=naR9KzPXAzE Kalamazoo, Michigan Tornado, Tuesday 13 May 1980] YouTube Video</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wPNfT9qujVA The Kalamazoo Tornado - May 13, 1980] YouTube Video</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070219071551/http://www.rootsweb.com/~mikalama/tornado.htm "Kalamazoo 1980 Tornado"]. Kalamazoo County, Michigan, Genealogy and Local History. Archived from the [http://www.rootsweb.com/~mikalama/tornado.htm original] on 2007-02-19. Retrieved 2006-07-30.</ref>
| May 13, 1980
| May 13, 1980
|5
|5
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|-
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|cat3}} | <big>'''F3'''</big>
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|cat3}} | <big>'''F3'''</big>
|[[Fort Worth, Texas]]<ref name="SPC downtown tornadoes" /><ref>[http://www.srh.noaa.gov/fwd/ftworthtornado.html Preliminary Information on Fort Worth Tornado] ([[National Weather Service]] at Fort Worth)</ref><ref>[http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/misc/000328.html Satellite imagery] ([[University of Wisconsin–Madison]])</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wind.ttu.edu/Pubs/pdfs/D3-28-00%20Tor%20FtWorth.pdf|title=Damage Survey and Assessment of Fort Worth Tornado, 28 March 2000|publisher=}}</ref><ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/weather/news/2000/wtorn328.htm News Report] ([[USA Today]])</ref><ref>[http://www.srh.noaa.gov/fwd/sd0300.pdf March 2000 Storm Data report]([[National Weather Service]] at Ft. Worth)</ref><ref>[http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~413834 Final Storm Data report] ([[National Climatic Data Center]])</ref>
|[[Fort Worth, Texas]]<ref name="SPC downtown tornadoes" /><ref>[http://www.srh.noaa.gov/fwd/ftworthtornado.html Preliminary Information on Fort Worth Tornado] ([[National Weather Service]] at Fort Worth)</ref><ref>[http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/misc/000328.html Satellite imagery] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522140509/http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/misc/000328.html |date=2011-05-22 }} ([[University of Wisconsin–Madison]])</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wind.ttu.edu/Pubs/pdfs/D3-28-00%20Tor%20FtWorth.pdf|title=Damage Survey and Assessment of Fort Worth Tornado, 28 March 2000|publisher=}}</ref><ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/weather/news/2000/wtorn328.htm News Report] ([[USA Today]])</ref><ref>[http://www.srh.noaa.gov/fwd/sd0300.pdf March 2000 Storm Data report]([[National Weather Service]] at Ft. Worth)</ref><ref>[http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~413834 Final Storm Data report] ([[National Climatic Data Center]])</ref>
|March 28, 2000
|March 28, 2000
|2
|2
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|-
|-
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|cat3}} | <big>'''F3'''</big>
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|cat3}} | <big>'''F3'''</big>
|[[Utrecht, Netherlands]]<ref name=domtower>{{cite web| url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=nl&u=http://home.hccnet.nl/e.ley/dom.html&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=8&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddomtoren%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG| title=Domtower (translated from Dutch)| work=hccnet.nl| accessdate=2008-01-13}}</ref><ref name=rondom>{{cite web| url=http://utrecht.utrechtyourway.nl/default.asp?action=onderdeel&onderdeel=315&taal=2&sId=3| title=Domtoren/RonDom| work=UtrechtYourWay| accessdate=2008-01-13}}</ref><ref name=holland>{{cite web| url=http://www.holland.com/utrechtprov/gb/index.html?page=http://www.holland.com/utrechtprov/gb/cityguide/highlights/dom.html| title=Province Utrecht| work=Holland.com| accessdate=2008-01-12}}</ref>
|[[Utrecht, Netherlands]]<ref name=domtower>{{cite web| url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=nl&u=http://home.hccnet.nl/e.ley/dom.html&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=8&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddomtoren%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG| title=Domtower (translated from Dutch)| work=hccnet.nl| accessdate=2008-01-13}}</ref><ref name=rondom>{{cite web|url=http://utrecht.utrechtyourway.nl/default.asp?action=onderdeel&onderdeel=315&taal=2&sId=3 |title=Domtoren/RonDom |work=UtrechtYourWay |accessdate=2008-01-13 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080716000935/http://utrecht.utrechtyourway.nl/default.asp?action=onderdeel&onderdeel=315&taal=2&sId=3 |archivedate=2008-07-16 |df= }}</ref><ref name=holland>{{cite web| url=http://www.holland.com/utrechtprov/gb/index.html?page=http://www.holland.com/utrechtprov/gb/cityguide/highlights/dom.html| title=Province Utrecht| work=Holland.com| accessdate=2008-01-12}}</ref>
|August 1, 1674
|August 1, 1674
|Unknown
|Unknown
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|-
|-
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|cat5}} | <big>'''F5'''</big>
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|cat5}} | <big>'''F5'''</big>
|[[Ivanovo, Russia|Ivanovo]]/[[Yaroslavl]]/[[Perm]]/[[Tver]]/[[Kostroma]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stormtrack.org/forum/showthread.php?15253-Ivanovo-Tornado-Outbreak-6-9-1984 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-05-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518171334/http://www.stormtrack.org/forum/showthread.php?15253-Ivanovo-Tornado-Outbreak-6-9-1984 |archivedate=2011-05-18 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.storm2k.org/phpbb2/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=101520 |title=Tornado pictures |publisher=STORM2K |date= |accessdate=2017-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.keraunos.org/recherche-etude-russie-madureira.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-06-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5iceLPRcF?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.keraunos.org%2Frecherche-etude-russie-madureira.pdf |archivedate=2009-07-29 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stormtrack.org/forum/showthread.php?t%3D15253 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-05-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226044336/http://www.stormtrack.org/forum/showthread.php?t=15253 |archivedate=2010-02-26 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://islandnet.com/~see/weather/storm/tornadoes-europe.htm |title=For Strong Winds: Tornadoes of Europe |website=Islandnet.com |date= |accessdate=2017-02-24}}</ref>
|[[Ivanovo, Russia|Ivanovo]]/[[Yaroslavl]]/[[Perm]]/[[Tver]]/[[Kostroma]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stormtrack.org/forum/showthread.php?15253-Ivanovo-Tornado-Outbreak-6-9-1984 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-05-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518171334/http://www.stormtrack.org/forum/showthread.php?15253-Ivanovo-Tornado-Outbreak-6-9-1984 |archivedate=2011-05-18 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.storm2k.org/phpbb2/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=101520 |title=Tornado pictures |publisher=STORM2K |date= |accessdate=2017-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.keraunos.org/recherche-etude-russie-madureira.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-06-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5iceLPRcF?url=http://www.keraunos.org/recherche-etude-russie-madureira.pdf |archivedate=2009-07-29 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stormtrack.org/forum/showthread.php?t%3D15253 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-05-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226044336/http://www.stormtrack.org/forum/showthread.php?t=15253 |archivedate=2010-02-26 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://islandnet.com/~see/weather/storm/tornadoes-europe.htm |title=For Strong Winds: Tornadoes of Europe |website=Islandnet.com |date= |accessdate=2017-02-24}}</ref>
|June 9, 1984
|June 9, 1984
|More 400 deaths in the outbreak
|More 400 deaths in the outbreak
Line 1,226: Line 1,226:
|-
|-
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|cat2}} | <big>'''T4/F2'''</big>
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|cat2}} | <big>'''T4/F2'''</big>
|[[Birmingham]], United Kingdom'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2005/10/325323.html |title=After the tornado: ‘market forces’ force demolition of Sparkbrook Church - UK Indymedia |website=Indymedia.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2017-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ecclawsoc.org.uk/documents/recent_judgments_2005.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-03-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061211204446/http://ecclawsoc.org.uk/documents/recent_judgments_2005.pdf |archivedate=2006-12-11 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/birmingham/content/articles/2005/07/28/tornado_feature.shtml |title=Birmingham - Features - Tornado hits Birmingham |publisher=BBC |date= |accessdate=2017-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/birmingham/content/image_galleries/tornado_gallery_Copy.shtml |title=Birmingham - News - Tornado in pictures |publisher=BBC |date= |accessdate=2017-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/tornado |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-05-14 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514001949/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/tornado |archivedate=2011-05-14 |df= }}</ref><ref>[http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/Media/Tornado%20Exhibition%20G5.pdf?MEDIA_ID=133502&FILENAME=Tornado%20Exhibition%20G5.pdf ] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060725033258/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/Media/Tornado%20Exhibition%20G5.pdf?MEDIA_ID=133502&FILENAME=Tornado+Exhibition+G5.pdf |date=2006-07-25 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/Media/tornado.pdf?MEDIA_ID%3D103940%26FILENAME%3Dtornado.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-06-19 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060725033141/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/Media/tornado.pdf?MEDIA_ID=103940&FILENAME=tornado.pdf |archivedate=2006-07-25 |df= }}</ref>
|[[Birmingham]], United Kingdom'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2005/10/325323.html |title=After the tornado: ‘market forces’ force demolition of Sparkbrook Church - UK Indymedia |website=Indymedia.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2017-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ecclawsoc.org.uk/documents/recent_judgments_2005.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-03-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061211204446/http://ecclawsoc.org.uk/documents/recent_judgments_2005.pdf |archivedate=2006-12-11 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/birmingham/content/articles/2005/07/28/tornado_feature.shtml |title=Birmingham - Features - Tornado hits Birmingham |publisher=BBC |date= |accessdate=2017-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/birmingham/content/image_galleries/tornado_gallery_Copy.shtml |title=Birmingham - News - Tornado in pictures |publisher=BBC |date= |accessdate=2017-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/tornado |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-05-14 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514001949/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/tornado |archivedate=2011-05-14 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/Media/Tornado%20Exhibition%20G5.pdf?MEDIA_ID%3D133502%26FILENAME%3DTornado+Exhibition+G5.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-06-24 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060725033258/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/Media/Tornado%20Exhibition%20G5.pdf?MEDIA_ID=133502&FILENAME=Tornado%20Exhibition%20G5.pdf |archivedate=2006-07-25 |df= }} </ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/Media/tornado.pdf?MEDIA_ID%3D103940%26FILENAME%3Dtornado.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-06-19 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060725033141/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/Media/tornado.pdf?MEDIA_ID=103940&FILENAME=tornado.pdf |archivedate=2006-07-25 |df= }}</ref>
|July 28, 2005
|July 28, 2005
|0 killed, 30 injured
|0 killed, 30 injured
Line 1,268: Line 1,268:
|-
|-
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|cat2}} | <big>'''T4/F2'''</big>
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|cat2}} | <big>'''T4/F2'''</big>
|[[Málaga, Spain]]<ref>{{cite web| author =thinkSPAIN| title =25 injured as tornado hits Málaga| publisher =thinkSPAIN| date =2009-02-02| url =http://www.thinkspain.com/news-spain/16216/25-injured-as-tornado-hits-malaga| accessdate =2009-02-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| author =h.b.| title =More than 200 homes were damaged by Málaga tornado on Sunday night| publisher =Typically Spanish| date =2009-02-03| url =http://www.typicallyspanish.com/news/publish/article_19891.shtml| accessdate =2009-02-08 }}</ref><ref name="ESSL">{{cite web|publisher=European Severe Weather Database|accessdate=2009-02-23|title=European Severe Weather Database|url=http://www.essl.org/ESWD/}}</ref>
|[[Málaga, Spain]]<ref>{{cite web| author =thinkSPAIN| title =25 injured as tornado hits Málaga| publisher =thinkSPAIN| date =2009-02-02| url =http://www.thinkspain.com/news-spain/16216/25-injured-as-tornado-hits-malaga| accessdate =2009-02-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=h.b. |title=More than 200 homes were damaged by Málaga tornado on Sunday night |publisher=Typically Spanish |date=2009-02-03 |url=http://www.typicallyspanish.com/news/publish/article_19891.shtml |accessdate=2009-02-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206125534/http://typicallyspanish.com/news/publish/article_19891.shtml |archivedate=2009-02-06 |df= }}</ref><ref name="ESSL">{{cite web|publisher=European Severe Weather Database|accessdate=2009-02-23|title=European Severe Weather Database|url=http://www.essl.org/ESWD/}}</ref>
|February 1, 2009
|February 1, 2009
|0
|0
Line 1,603: Line 1,603:
|-
|-
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|unk}} | <big>'''F?'''</big>
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|unk}} | <big>'''F?'''</big>
|[[Brisbane]], [[Queensland]]<ref>{{cite web | title = EMA Disasters Database | work = Commonwealth of Australia | publisher = Emergency Management Australia | url = http://www.ema.gov.au/ema/emadisasters.nsf/c85916e930b93d50ca256d050020cb1f/fe6e777cef08c479ca256d3300057bae?OpenDocument | accessdate = 2008-06-09}}</ref>
|[[Brisbane]], [[Queensland]]<ref>{{cite web|title=EMA Disasters Database |work=Commonwealth of Australia |publisher=Emergency Management Australia |url=http://www.ema.gov.au/ema/emadisasters.nsf/c85916e930b93d50ca256d050020cb1f/fe6e777cef08c479ca256d3300057bae?OpenDocument |accessdate=2008-06-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080817183923/http://www.ema.gov.au/ema/emadisasters.nsf/c85916e930b93d50ca256d050020cb1f/fe6e777cef08c479ca256d3300057bae?OpenDocument |archivedate=2008-08-17 |df= }}</ref>
|November 4, 1973
|November 4, 1973
|0 killed, 0 injured
|0 killed, 0 injured
Line 1,609: Line 1,609:
|-
|-
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|unk}} | <big>'''F?'''</big>
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|unk}} | <big>'''F?'''</big>
|[[Brisbane]], [[Queensland]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Ben Quinn |url=http://www.bsch.au.com/reports/24_12_89.shtml |title=BSCH - Recent Events - Christmas Eve 1989 Tornadic Supercell |publisher=Bsch.au.com |date=1989-12-24 |accessdate=2012-07-17}}</ref>
|[[Brisbane]], [[Queensland]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Ben Quinn |url=http://www.bsch.au.com/reports/24_12_89.shtml |title=BSCH - Recent Events - Christmas Eve 1989 Tornadic Supercell |publisher=Bsch.au.com |date=1989-12-24 |accessdate=2012-07-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827123350/http://www.bsch.au.com/reports/24_12_89.shtml |archivedate=2013-08-27 |df= }}</ref>
|December 24, 1989
|December 24, 1989
|0 killed, 0 injured
|0 killed, 0 injured
Line 1,622: Line 1,622:
| accessdate=2007-09-08
| accessdate=2007-09-08
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| author = Chambers, James
|author=Chambers, James
| title = Severe Thunderstorms with devastating tornadoes over Eastern Qld: 29 November 1992
|title=Severe Thunderstorms with devastating tornadoes over Eastern Qld: 29 November 1992
| url = http://users.bigpond.net.au/thundery/291192report.html
|url=http://users.bigpond.net.au/thundery/291192report.html
| year = n.d.
|year=n.d.
| accessdate = 2007-11-21
|accessdate=2007-11-21
| publisher = Thundery: Brisbane Storms
|publisher=Thundery: Brisbane Storms
|deadurl=yes
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070521031448/http://users.bigpond.net.au/thundery/291192report.html
|archivedate=21 May 2007
|df=
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
|November 29, 1992
|November 29, 1992
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* [http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/downtown.html Downtown Tornadoes] ([[Storm Prediction Center]])
* [http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/downtown.html Downtown Tornadoes] ([[Storm Prediction Center]])
* [http://www.usatoday.com/weather/tornado/wtcities.htm Major cities not immune from twisters] ([[USA Today]])
* [http://www.usatoday.com/weather/tornado/wtcities.htm Major cities not immune from twisters] ([[USA Today]])
* [http://www.vaemergency.com/newsroom/history/tornado.cfm]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050904212240/http://www.vaemergency.com/newsroom/history/tornado.cfm]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061126193217/http://www.wrc.org.za/archives/watersa%20archive/2000/July/1263.pdf]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061126193217/http://www.wrc.org.za/archives/watersa%20archive/2000/July/1263.pdf]


Revision as of 07:33, 22 May 2017

This article is a list of tornadoes that have impacted the central business district (downtown or city centre) of a large city (that is, one having at least 50,000 people, not counting suburbs or outlying communities, at the time of the storm).

It is a common myth that tornadoes do not strike downtown areas. The odds are much lower due to the small areas covered, but paths can go anywhere, including over downtown areas. St. Louis, Missouri has taken a direct hit four times in less than a century.[1] Many of the tornadoes listed were extremely destructive or caused numerous casualties, and the occurrence of a catastrophic event somewhere is inevitable.[2]

This list is not exhaustive (listing every single tornado that has struck a downtown area or central business district of any city), as it may never be known if a tornado struck a downtown area, or if it was just a microburst (powerful downward and outward gush of wind, which cause damage from straight-line winds), particularly for older events or from areas with limited information. Downbursts often accompany intense tornadoes, extending damage across a wider area than the tornado path. When a tornado strikes a city, it is occasionally very difficult to determine whether it was a tornadic event at all or if the affected area was indeed the "downtown", "city centre", or "central business district" consisting of very high population density and mid to high-rises, as opposed to other heavily urbanized/built-up parts of the city or suburbs. It is sometimes also difficult to determine tornadoes that strike urban cores before 1950, when tornado records (particularly in the US) started to be consistently logged with detail. Before this, lack of details on information from the events, as well as that most cities were far smaller in area and population complicate the record.

For the list of cities that are not listed here for certain reasons, see below.

North America

Note: The F-Scale was superseded by the EF scale in the U.S. on February 1, 2007, and in Canada on April 18, 2013
For tornadoes and cities in: United States, Canada, Mexico, Bahamas, Cuba, Central America, and The Caribbean

F#/EF# City Date Deaths Event
F3 St. Louis, Missouri[1][3] March 8, 1871 9 1871 St. Louis tornado
F3 Chicago, Illinois[4] May 6, 1876 2
F2 Columbia, South Carolina[5] April 29, 1880 0
F2 Kansas City, Missouri[1][6] May 13, 1883 3
F2 Washington, D.C.[1][7][8][9][10] September 16, 1888 0
F2 St. Louis, Missouri [citation needed] January 12, 1890 4 Tornado history of St. Louis
F4 Louisville, Kentucky[1] March 27, 1890 76 March 1890 middle Mississippi Valley tornado outbreak
F2 Dallas, Texas[1] January 20, 1894 1
F4 St. Louis, Missouri[1] May 27, 1896 255 1896 St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado
F3 St. Catharines, Ontario[11][12] September 26, 1898 4 Merritton tornado
F4 Regina, Saskatchewan[13][14][15][16][17][18] June 30, 1912 28 Regina Cyclone
F4 Omaha, Nebraska[19] March 23, 1913 103 March 1913 tornado outbreak sequence#Omaha tornado
F3 Miami, Florida[20][21][22][23][24] April 5, 1925 5 1925 Miami tornado
F3 Indianapolis, Indiana[1] May 18, 1927 2
F3 St. Louis, Missouri [citation needed] September 29, 1927 28 September 1927 St. Louis tornado outbreak
F3 Nashville, Tennessee[1][25][26][27][28][29][29][30][31][32] March 14, 1933 15 March 1933 Nashville tornado outbreak
F4 Greensboro, North Carolina[33] April 2, 1936 14 1936 Cordele–Greensboro tornado outbreak
F2 Charleston, South Carolina[1][34] September 29, 1938 27 Charleston, South Carolina tornadoes
F4 Shreveport, Louisiana[35] February 12, 1950 18 (80+ injured) February 12, 1950 tornado outbreak
F2 Little Rock, Arkansas[36] March 26, 1950 0 (7 injured)
F2 Fort Wayne, Indiana[37] July 19, 1950 0
F3 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma[38] April 30, 1951 0 1951 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma tornado
F3 Richmond, Virginia[39] June 13, 1951 0 1951 Richmond, Virginia tornado
F2 Gary, Indiana[40] November 13, 1951 0
F5 Waco, Texas[1] May 11, 1953 114 1953 Waco tornado outbreak
F3 Cleveland, Ohio[41][42] June 8, 1953 7 Flint–Worcester tornado outbreak sequence
F4 Worcester, Massachusetts[43] June 9, 1953 94 1953 Worcester tornado
F3 Dallas, Texas[44] April 2, 1957 19 Early-April 1957 tornado outbreak sequence
F4 St. Louis, Missouri[1] February 10, 1959 21 1959 St. Louis tornado outbreak
F5 Topeka, Kansas[45][46] June 8, 1966 16 1966 Topeka tornado
F5 Lubbock, Texas[1][47] May 11, 1970 28 1970 Lubbock tornado
F4 Louisville, Kentucky[48][48] April 3, 1974 4 Louisville, Kentucky tornado (1974 Super Outbreak)
F5 Cincinnati, Ohio[49] April 3, 1974 3 Cincinnati/Sayler Park area tornado (1974 Super Outbreak)
F4 Omaha, Nebraska[50][51][52] May 6, 1975 3 1975 Omaha tornado outbreak
F5 Birmingham, Alabama[53][54] April 4, 1977 22 April 1977 Birmingham tornado
F2 Shreveport, Louisiana[1] April 17, 1978 0
F4 Shreveport/Bossier City, Louisiana[1] December 3, 1978 2 1978 Bossier City tornado outbreak
F3 Cheyenne, Wyoming[55][56] July 16, 1979 1 Cheyenne, Wyoming tornado
F3 Kalamazoo, Michigan[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66] May 13, 1980 5 1980 Kalamazoo tornado
F2 Long Beach, California[67] November 9, 1982 0
F2 Los Angeles, California[68] March 1, 1983 0 (30 injured)
F1 Toronto, Ontario[69] August 14, 1984 0
F5 Warren/Youngstown, Ohio[70][71][72] May 31, 1985 18 The Niles/Wheatland tornado (1985 United States – Canadian tornado outbreak)
F3 Denver, Colorado[73] June 15, 1988 0
F4 Huntsville, Alabama[74][75][76][77][78][79][80] November 15, 1989 21 November 1989 tornado outbreak
F2 Panama City[81] July 6, 1992 12 (50 injured) 1992 Panama City tornado
F1 Houston, Texas[1][82] November 21, 1992 0 (26 injured) November 1992 tornado outbreak
F4 Petersburg, Virginia[29][83][84][85][86] August 6, 1993 3 1993 Virginia tornado outbreak
F0 San Antonio, Texas[87] March 27, 1994 0
F3 Fort Smith, Arkansas April 21, 1996 3 (89 injured)
F1 Miami, Florida[1][88][89] May 12, 1997 0 1997 Miami tornado
F3 Detroit, Michigan/Windsor, Ontario[90][91][92][93][94][95][96] July 2, 1997 7 1997 Southeast Michigan tornado outbreak
F3 Nashville, Tennessee[1][97][98] April 16, 1998 1 1998 Nashville tornado outbreak
F1 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania[99] June 2, 1998 0
F0 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania[100] January 18, 1999 0
F3 Little Rock, Arkansas[1][101] January 21, 1999 2 January 21–23, 1999 tornado outbreak#Little Rock, Arkansas tornadoes
F3 Clarksville, Tennessee[102] January 22, 1999 0 (5 injured) January 21–23, 1999 tornado outbreak
F1 Hull, Quebec (Gatineau)[103]
F5 Oklahoma City[104] May 3 1999 41 fatalities 675 injuries List of 1999 Oklahoma Tornado Outbreak tornadoes
F2 Hull, Canada May 8, 1999 0 (6 injured)[105] List of 1999 Oklahoma Tornado Outbreak tornadoes
F2 Salt Lake City, Utah[1][106][107] August 11, 1999 1 1999 Salt Lake City tornado
F3 Fort Worth, Texas[1][108][109][110][111][112][113] March 28, 2000 2 2000 Fort Worth tornado
F2 Guelph, Ontario[114] July 17, 2000 0 2000 Guelph tornadoes
F4 Jackson, Tennessee[115] May 4, 2003 11 2003 Jackson, TN Tornado #1
F0 Jacksonville, Florida[116] August 12, 2004 0 Tropical Storm Bonnie
F0 Louisville, Kentucky[117][118] April 22, 2005 0
F1 New Orleans, Louisiana[119] February 2, 2006 0 Tornadoes of 2006#February 2, also struck Louis Armstrong Airport
F2 Iowa City, Iowa[120] April 13, 2006 0 Easter Week 2006 Tornado Outbreak Sequence
F1 Newmarket, Ontario[121] July 17, 2006 0 Heat wave of 2006 derecho series
EF2 New Orleans/Kenner, Louisiana[122] February 13, 2007 1 Tornadoes of 2007#February 12–13
EF0 St. Louis, Missouri[123] March 31, 2007 0 Late-March 2007 tornado outbreak
EF2 Brooklyn, New York[124] August 8, 2007 0 2007 Brooklyn tornado
EF1 Des Moines, Iowa[1] October 2, 2007 0 Tornadoes of 2007#October 2
EF1 Pensacola, Florida[125] October 18, 2007 0 Mid-October 2007 tornado outbreak
EF1 Springfield, Missouri[126] January 8, 2008 0 January 2008 tornado outbreak sequence
EF2 Atlanta, Georgia[1][127] March 14, 2008 1 2008 Atlanta tornado outbreak
EF1 Springfield, Missouri[128] February 10, 2009 0 February 2009 tornado outbreak
EF2 Shreveport, Louisiana[1][129][130] April 9, 2009 0 April 2009 tornado outbreak
EF2 Columbus, Georgia[131][132] April 19, 2009 0 April 2009 tornado outbreak
F0 Windsor, Ontario[133][134] April 25, 2009 0 Windsor 2009 Tornado
EF0 Minneapolis, Minnesota[1][135] August 19, 2009 0
F2 Vaughan, Ontario[136][137] August 20, 2009 0 Southern Ontario Tornado Outbreak of 2009
EF2 Shreveport, Louisiana[138] October 29, 2009 0
EF2 Huntsville, Alabama[1][139] January 21, 2010 0
EF1 Bridgeport, Connecticut[140] June 24, 2010 0 2010 Bridgeport, CT Tornado
EF1 The Bronx, New York[141] July 25, 2010 0 (7 injured) July 2010 Bronx tornado
EF1 Nashville, Tennessee[142] July 26, 2010 0
EF1 Brooklyn and Queens, New York[143] September 16, 2010 1 2010 Brooklyn/Queens tornadoes
EF3 Raleigh, North Carolina[1][144] April 16, 2011 6 April 14–16, 2011 tornado outbreak
EF3 Fayetteville, North Carolina[145] April 16, 2011 2 April 14–16, 2011 tornado outbreak
EF3 Jacksonville, North Carolina[146] April 16, 2011 0 (40+ injured) April 14–16, 2011 tornado outbreak
EF4 Tuscaloosa, Alabama[147] April 27, 2011 64 (1,500 injured) 2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado (2011 Super Outbreak)
EF2 La Crosse, Wisconsin[148] May 22, 2011 0 May 21–26, 2011 tornado outbreak sequence
EF5 Joplin, Missouri[149] May 22, 2011 158 (1,150+ injured) 2011 Joplin tornado (May 21–26, 2011 tornado outbreak sequence)
EF1 Minneapolis, Minnesota[150] May 22, 2011 1 (48 injured) May 21–26, 2011 tornado outbreak sequence
EF3 Springfield, Massachusetts[151] June 1, 2011 3 (200 injured) 2011 New England tornado outbreak
EF1 Norman, Oklahoma[citation needed] April 13, 2012 0 April 13–16, 2012 tornado outbreak
EF1 Hampton, Virginia[citation needed] June 1, 2012 0 Tornadoes of 2012#June 1
EF1 Mobile, Alabama[citation needed] December 20, 2012 0
EF2 Mobile, Alabama[citation needed] December 25, 2012 0 2012 Christmas tornado outbreak
EF0 Tampa, Florida[citation needed] February 26, 2013 0
EF5 Moore, Oklahoma[citation needed] May 20, 2013 24 (212 injured) 2013 Moore tornado
EF2 Revere, Massachusetts[152] July 28, 2014 0
EF0 Belle Haven to Alexandria[153][154] Oct. 15, 2014 0
EF0 Los Angeles, California[155] December 12, 2014 0
EF1 Palm Beach, Florida[156][157] January 23, 2017 0 January 21–23, 2017, tornado outbreak
EF3 New Orleans, Louisiana[158] February 7, 2017 0 (39 injured) 2017 New Orleans tornado
EF1 San Antonio, Texas[159][160] February 19, 2017 0 (5 injured)

South America

South America has no default tornado strength measurement system, so the storms here will be listed using the Fujita Scale.

F# City Date Deaths Event
F4 Rojas, Buenos Aires, Argentina[citation needed] September 16, 1816 21 (90 injured)
F4 Encarnación, Paraguay[citation needed] September 20, 1926 300 (700 injured) Violent tornado demolished buildings and houses of the port and city center; categorized as F4 or F5. It is one of the deadliest tornadoes recorded in the world.
F4 Fray Marcos, Uruguay[citation needed] April 21, 1970 11 (100 injured) The strongest and deadliest tornado recorded in Uruguay.
F5 San Justo, Santa Fe, Argentina January 10, 1973 65 (500 injured) The San Justo tornado was the most violent tornado ever recorded in South America and the Southern Hemisphere.
F2 Carmelo[citation needed] November 21, 1985 2 (25 injured)
F3 Dolores, Buenos Aires, Argentina[citation needed] November 25, 1985 1 (1 injured)
F3 Pampas April 13–14, 1993 7 (80 injured) There were more than 300 tornadoes that night along central Argentina. Located within the Corridor of the Tornadoes, this event was the largest tornado outbreak recorded in the Southern Hemisphere in the twentieth century. The most affected locations were Henderson (F3), Urdampilleta (F3) and Mar del Plata (F2).
F? Santo Tomé, Santa Fe, Argentina[citation needed] February 13, 1999 5 (47 injured)
F2 Guernica, Dolores, Buenos Aires and Chascomus, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina[citation needed] December 26, 2000 3 (47 injured)
F3 Guernica and Glew, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina[citation needed] January 10, 2001 5 (200 injured)
F? Santo Tomé, Santa Fe, Argentina[citation needed] December 15, 2003 5 (50 injured)
F3 Córdoba, Argentina, Argentina[citation needed] December 26, 2003 5 (100 injured) 400 houses and 1000 trees were damaged or destroyed in this F3 tornado (which lasted for 24 minutes and swept three neighborhoods, making it the longest lived tornado in the Southern Hemisphere).
F4 São Paulo, Brazil May 24, 2004 1 (11 injured) The destruction path of the tornado extended for approximately 15 km, with a width of up to 200 m, with several motor cars being overturned, roofs, concrete walls and pillars demolished, electricity lines interrupted, as well as 20 railroad cars having been pushed off their tracks.
F2 Chivilcoy, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina[161] January 7, 2006 1 (9 injured)
F1 Campinas and Piracicaba, Brazil 2006 0 In 2006, Campinas (SP) and Piracicaba (SP) were affected by the phenomenon. The speed of the tornado reached 106 kilometers per hour in the first town and 158 kilometers per hour on Monday, as balance of the Center for Weather and Climate Research Applied to Agriculture (Cepagri).
F2 Barranquilla, Colombia[161] September 15, 2006 (13 injured) Damaging tornado that was followed by severe flash flooding.
F1 Bogotá, Colombia[162] November 6, 2007 (1 injured) Roofs were torn off buildings, including a car dealership. Windows were blown out and trees were uprooted.
F0 Buenos Aires, Argentina[citation needed] March 1, 2008 0 Two strong waterspouts over La Plata River.
F4 San Pedro Department, Misiones, Argentina[citation needed] September 3, 2009 11 (110 injured) Severe damage in San Pedro and the community of Santa Rosa was completely destroyed by an EF4 tornado.
F2 Bragado, Argentina[citation needed] October 29, 2009 1 (15 injured)
F3 Buenos Aires, Argentina[citation needed] April 4, 2012 27 (900 injured) A severe storm system of bow echo gave rise to four tornadoes: two of F1, one of F2 and one of F3 intensity affecting the west and south of Greater Buenos Aires.
F3 Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil March 3, 2013 0
F3 Taquarituba, Brazil September 22, 2013 3 (64 injured) The bus station in the city, gas stations, industries and homes were damaged or destroyed.
F4 Villa del Rosario, Córdoba, Argentina December 2, 2013 3 (+20 injured) 90% of the city was destroyed.
F1 Berazategui February 21, 2014 0 (2 injured)
F0 Brasilia, Brazil[163] October 1, 2014 0 (0 injured) Brief landspout over land
F2 San Vicente, Misiones, Argentina November 6, 2014 0 (4 injured)
F3 Xanxerê, Santa Catarina, Brazil April 20, 2015 2 (120 injured) A F3 tornado. Two people died, including a father who managed to save his wife and a baby 3 months.

Another 120 people were injured and about a thousand were left homeless, according to the Fire Department and the Military Police in the city . At least 2,600 homes were damaged and about 200,000 consumer units were without electricity in the region due to the fall of five power transmission towers.

Europe

Note: The UK uses the TORRO scale.

T#/F# City Date Deaths Event
T8/F4 London, England[164][165][166][167] October 23, 1091 Unknown London tornado of 1091, destroyed London Bridge
F? Vyšehrad (now Prague), Bohemia[168] July 30, 1119 Unknown Vyšehrad tornado of 1119
F? Prague, Bohemia[169][170] May 14, 1144 Unknown Prague tornado of 1144
F1 Prague, Bohemia[168][170] April 8, 1255 Unknown Prague tornado of 1255
F4 Valletta, Malta[165] September 23, 1551 (or 1556) 600 Valletta, Malta tornado
F? Augsburg, Germany[169][171] July 2, 1587
F? Rome, Italy[169][172] December 4, 1645
F3 Utrecht, Netherlands[173][174][175] August 1, 1674 Unknown Utrecht, Netherlands tornado, damaged Dom Tower and Cathedral of St. Martin
F3 Rome, Italy[169][172] June 12, 1749 2 Rome tornado of 1749
F3 Padua, Italy[176] August 17, 1756 Unknown Padua, 17th August Tornado; heavy damages to the city, the leaded roof of the Palazzo della Ragione was thrown nearly 30km away
F5 Woldegk, Germany[177][178] June 29, 1764 1
F5 Hainichen, Germany[177][178] April 23, 1800 0
T8/F4 Portsmouth, England[165] December 14, 1810 Unknown Portsmouth, United Kingdom tornado
F5 Monville, France[165][169][177] August 19, 1845
F3 Frankfurt, Germany[179][180] Summer of 1860 Unknown Frankfurt tornado of 1860
F? Brno, Moravia[165][169][177] October 13, 1870 Brno, Czech tornado
F? Vienna, Austria[169] June 29, 1873 Many fatalities
F3 Madrid, Spain[181] May 12, 1886 45 dead The most catastrophic and deadliest tornado in Spain in the past 200 years, but not the most powerful
F2 Paris, France[182] September 10, 1896 5 dead Tornado touched down in the heart of downtown Paris.
F0 Munich, Germany[179] May 27, 1897 0 Munich tornado of 1897
F4 Cologne, Germany[179][183][184] August 7, 1898 3 Cologne tornado of 1898
F4 Moscow, Russia[185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192] June 29, 1904 >10 1904 Moscow tornado. The destroyed areas are within the city limits today, but were suburbs in 1904
F? Berlin, Germany[193] July 25, 1909 Unknown Berlin tornado of 1909
F3 Chemnitz, Germany[194][195] May 27, 1916 0 Chemnitz tornado of 1916
T5/F2 Düsseldorf, Germany[196][197][198] June 8, 1924 2 Düsseldorf tornado of 1924
F3 Nice, France [citation needed] December 1, 1924 ~4 Nice tornado of 1924
F4 Neede-Berkelland, Netherlands[177] June 1, 1927
F5 Montello, Italy/Selva de Montello[199] July 24, 1930 23 Area between Treviso and Udine, Montello tornado
F3-F4 Lublin, Poland[177][200] July 20, 1931 3 dead (1 in Lublin, 2 behind Lublin), a dozen injured Lublin tornado of 1931
F4 Düsseldorf, Germany[201][202] January 10, 1936 2 Düsseldorf tornado of 1936
F4 Borzymmen (Borzymy), Mazury, Poland[177] July 15, 1940
F4 Klodzko-Slaskie, Poland[177] August 20, 1946
F2 Hannover, Germany[203] September 15, 1950 0 Hannover tornado of 1950
F3 Castelo Branco, Portugal[204][205] November 6, 1954 5 dead 220 injured tornadoes in Portugal
F0 Magdeburg, Germany[203] July 25, 1955 0 Magdeburg tornado of 1955
F1 Düsseldorf, Germany[203] October 6, 1955 Unknown Düsseldorf tornado of 1955
F1 Szczecin, Poland[206] August 25, 1956 0 Szczecin tornado of 1956
F5 Robecco Pavese, Valle Scuropasso, Italy[177][207][208] June 16, 1957
F? Rawa Mazowiecka and Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą, Poland[209] May 15–16, 1958 3 dead, 100 injured Almost 80% of the buildings were damaged.
F3 Garac, France[210][211] May 18, 1960 None The Garac tornado was the most powerful tornadoes to ever strike southwestern France.
F5 Niechobrz, Poland[177] May 20, 1960 3, 77 injured
F1 Perm, Russia [citation needed] June 17, 1960 Unknown Perm tornado of 1960
F1 Voronezh, Russia [citation needed] August 14, 1961 Unknown Voronezh tornado of 1961
F5 Palluel, France[165][177][212] June 24, 1967
F4 Padua and Venice, Italy[213][213][214][215][216][217] September 11, 1970 36 Struck the area between the Province of Padua and Venice Lagoon.
F3 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia[218] July 3, 1974 Unknown Nizhny Novgorod tornado of 1974
F5 Ivanovo/Yaroslavl/Perm/Tver/Kostroma[219][220][221][222][223] June 9, 1984 More 400 deaths in the outbreak 1984 Soviet Union tornado outbreak
F3 Beja, Portugal[211] September 20, 1987 7 injured Tornadoes in Portugal
F3 Mangualde, Portugal[224] December 16, 1989 Unknown Tornadoes in Portugal
F2 Monza, Italy 15 April 2000 Monza-Villasanta tornado of 2000
F3 Concorezzo, Italy 7 July 2001 92 injured Strong F3 struck Agrate Brianza, Concorezzo and Arcore.
F2 Galliate, Italy August 29, 2003 12 injured Galliate tornado of 2003
F2 Duisburg, Oberhausen, Germany[225] July 18, 2004 6 injured
T4/F2 Birmingham, United Kingdom[226][227][228][229][230][231][232] July 28, 2005 0 killed, 30 injured Birmingham Tornado (UK)
F2 Hamburg, Germany[233][234][235][236] March 27, 2006
T4/F2 London, United Kingdom[237][238][239][240][241][242][243][244][245][246] December 7, 2006 0 London tornado of 2006
F2 Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany[247] January 18, 2007 Unknown Kyrill (storm)
F3 Brandenburg, Germany-Brachwitz, Germany[247] January 18, 2007 Unknown Kyrill (storm)
F3 Lauchhammer, Brandenburg, Germany[247] January 18, 2007 Unknown Kyrill (storm)
F2 Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany[248] June 25, 2007 Unknown Oberrad tornado of 2007
T4/F2 Málaga, Spain[249][250][251] February 1, 2009 0 Málaga tornado of 2009
F3 Moscow, Russia[252] June 3, 2009 1 killed, 185 injured 2009 Krasnozavodsk tornado
F3 Riese Pio X, Italy June 6, 2009 28 injured Tornado struck Vallà di Riese
F3 Saint Petersburg, Russia[253] July 10, 2010 0
F5 Blagoveshchensk, Russia[254][255][256] July 31, 2011 1 killed, 38 injured Blagoveshchensk tornado
T4/F2 Venice, Italy[217][257][258][259] June 12, 2012 0
T6/F3 Silves, Portugal[260] November 16, 2012 1 killed, 13 injured Algarve tornadoes
F3 Taranto, Italy November 28, 2012 1 killed, 42 injured Wedge tornado over Taranto and Statte.
T3/F1 Catania, Italy November 5, 2014 Strong F1 tornado over Ognina

Africa

Africa has no default tornado strength measurement system, so the storms here will be listed using the Fujita Scale.

F# City Date Deaths Event
F4 Karoo/Highveld, South Africa (Trompsburg, Johannesburg & Pretoria)[261] November 26, 1948 6 Johannesburg - Pretoria Tornado
F? Albertynesville, South Africa[262] November 30, 1952 20 Albertynesville, South Africa Tornado
F2 Paynesville, South Africa[263] December 2, 1952 11 Paynesville, South Africa Tornado
F3 Senekal, South Africa [citation needed] September 15, 1988 2 Senekal, South Africa Tornado
F3 Mtata, South Africa[264] December 15, 1998 15 Mtata, South Africa Tornado
F4 Mount Ayliff, South Africa[262][264] January 18, 1999 25 Mount Ayliff, South Africa Tornado Outbreak
F3 Heidelberg, Gauteng, South Africa[262] October 21, 1999 0 Heidelberg, South Africa Tornado Outbreak
F3 Mpumalanga, South Africa[28] September 9, 2002 2 Mpumalanga, South Africa Tornado Outbreak
F3 Klerksdorp, South Africa[265] March 3, 2007 1 Klerksdorp, South Africa Tornado
F4 Duduza/East Rand, South Africa[266] October 2, 2011 2 East Rand - East Rand Tornado
F4 Bebejia, Logone Oriental Prefecture, Chad [citation needed] May 9, 2007 14, town was destroyed Bebejia, Chad Tornado

Asia

Most of Asia has no default tornado strength measurement system (though Japan has been known to use the Fujita Scale in the past), so the storms here will be listed using the Fujita Scale.[267]

F#/EF# City Date Deaths Event
F? Miyazaki, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan[267] September 26, 1881 16 Miyazaki Tornado of 1881
F? Dhaka, Bangladesh[268] April 7, 1888 184 dead, 1200 injured
F? Yodobashi City, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan[267] September 23, 1903 10, 14 injured
F? Toyohashi City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan[267] November 28, 1941 12 dead, 177 injured, 347 homes destroyed
F? Tomiye City, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan[267] November 10, 1957 8
F? Tokyo, Japan[267] May 24, 1964 480 homes damaged
F? New Delhi, India[269] March 17–18, 1978 28 dead, 700 injured New Delhi Tornado
F? Dalatpur Upazila, Manikganj/Saturia, Bangladesh[citation needed] April 26, 1989 1300+ Daulatpur-Saturia Tornado
F3 Mobara, Chiba, Chiba Prefecture, Japan[270] December 11, 1990 0, 78 injured, 1000 homes damaged Mobara Tornado
F? Shanghai, People's Republic of China[271] August 11, 1995 4
F? Dhaka Division, Bangladesh[272] May 13, 1996 700+ Jamalpur-Tangail Districts, Bangladesh Tornado
F3 Toyohashi City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan[273] September 24, 1999 4 Toyohashi City, Japan Tornadoes
F? Tokyo, Japan[267] September 12, 2000 0, several homes damaged
F3 Nobeoka, Miyazaki Prefecture on Kyūshū, Japan[274] September 18, 2006 3 Nobeoka, Miyazaki Tornado
EF4 Lingbi County, Anhui, People's Republic of China[275] June 20, 2008 1 Lingbi, Anhui Tornado
EF1 New Taipei, Taiwan[276] May 12, 2011 0 known, some light damage Xindian District, New Taipei city Tornado
F? New Manila, Quezon City, Philippines[277] June 24, 2011 at least 1 injured, more than 30 homes damaged New Manila Tornando
F3 Tsukuba&Jōsō, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan[278] May 6, 2012 1 dead,30 injured,345 homes damaged Tsukuba & Jōsō, Ibaraki Tornado
F3 Kaohsiung, Taiwan[279] April 6, 2013 2 injured,10 homes damaged Dashu District, Kaohsiung city Tornado
F2 Koshigaya, Saitama Prefecture, Japan[280] September 2, 2013 63 injured,89 homes damaged Koshigaya, Saitama Tornado
F? Mandaue and Lapu-Lapu City, Philippines[281] November 4, 2013 13 injured, more than 20 homes damaged Tropical Depression Wilma
F? Cebu City, Philippines[282] April 8, 2014 1 injured, more than 20 homes damaged Cebu City Tornado
F0 Taichung, Taiwan[283] May 29, 2014 0 Waipu District, Taichung city Tornado
F2 Pingtung, Taiwan[284] July 19, 2014 0 Ligang, Pingtung Tornado
F2 Tainan, Taiwan[285] July 20, 2015 0 Xinhua District, Tainan city Tornado
F1 Tainan, Taiwan[286] August 9, 2015 1 injured South District, Tainan city Tornado
F3 Foshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China[287] October 4, 2015 7 dead,223 injured Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong Tornado
EF4 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China[288] June 23, 2016 99 fatalities,846 injuries 2016 Jiangsu tornado
F? Manila, Philippines[289] August 14, 2016 1 injured

Oceania

F# City Date Deaths Event
F3 Port Phillip, / Melbourne, Victoria[290][291][292] February 2, 1918 2 killed, "many more" injured Brighton tornado
F? Brisbane, Queensland[293] November 4, 1973 0 killed, 0 injured
F? Brisbane, Queensland[294] December 24, 1989 0 killed, 0 injured
F4 Bundaberg, Queensland[291][295][296] November 29, 1992 0 killed, 0 injured Bucca tornado / 1992 Queensland Tornadoes
F3 Bendigo, Victoria[297][298][299][300] May 18, 2003 0 killed, 0 injured 2003 Bendigo Tornado
F? Waitara / Taranaki, New Zealand[301][302] August 15, 2004 2 killed, 2 seriously injured
F? City of Onkaparinga, South Australia[303][304] May 21, 2007 0 killed, 0 injured
F? New Plymouth / Taranaki, New Zealand[305] July 4, 2007 0 killed, 0 injured
F? Ballarat, Victoria[306] April 20, 2011 0 killed, 0 injured
F2 Auckland, New Zealand[307][308] May 3, 2011 1 killed, 20 injured 2011 Auckland tornado

Notable absences

The 1985 Barrie Tornado that struck Barrie, Ontario would be listed here, had it struck today. It is not listed, however, since the town's population was under 50,000 at the time (May 31, 1985). The tornado that hit Grand Valley, Ontario is not listed for similar reasons. Similarly, the 1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak that spawned the deadly F5 tornado which struck Oklahoma City and some of its suburbs, including Moore and Midwest City, is not listed because it did not reach the downtown core of Oklahoma City.

Similarly, the downtown areas of two then-small towns (now large cities) in North Carolina were struck during the 1884 Enigma outbreak: Concord and Cary. Downtown Concord was struck a second time by a tornado in May 1936.[309][310][311]

The 1987 Edmonton Tornado is likewise not listed because it struck industrial parks, trailer parks, and suburban areas, and was far away from Edmonton's downtown core. The "Oak Lawn tornado" of April 21, 1967 which killed 33 people, mostly those in rush hour traffic at a busy intersection, and moved across southern Chicago onto Lake Michigan is not included because it missed the downtown core. Most recently, the 2008 Memphis tornado on February 5, 2008 also missed the downtown area (by a significant distance).

The 1998 tornado that hit Spencer, South Dakota, killing 6 people, the 2000 tornado that hit a campground, killing 12 people, the 2007 tornado that hit Greensburg, Kansas, killing 11 people, the Elie, Manitoba tornado that hit Elie, Manitoba in 2007 with no fatalities, and the 2009 tornado that hit Durham, Ontario, killing one person, are not listed because none of these tornadoes hit a metropolitan area that had a population higher than 50,000. The Southern Ontario tornado outbreak of 2005 that hit Toronto was not confirmed and is therefore not listed.

Another notable absence is the July 7, 1915 storm that struck Cincinnati, killing 38 people. This was determined to be most likely a windstorm causing downbursts or even a series of microbursts (with much of the damage coming from the straight-line winds), and not a tornado.[312]

European tornadoes that are listed before 1950 are for cities that had at least 50,000 people in them at the time. Tornadoes dating back to 1054 are confirmed, due to extensive record-keeping for many weather events and other until-then unexplained weather occurrences.

On September 8, 2010, Tropical Storm Hermine went over the state of Texas and produced a few tornadoes in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. One notable tornado was located in an industrialized area west of downtown Dallas before it lifted up over Interstate 35E just south of Dallas Love Field. However the EF-2 tornado was only about 3–4 miles away and did not strike the immediate downtown Dallas area.

See also

References

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