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[[Jakarta]] is the capital of [[Indonesia]] and the largest city by population in [[Southeast Asia]]. The city is a blend as well as contrast of [[Central business district|business district]]s with modern skyscrapers and [[kampung]]s with traditional [[Architecture of Indonesia|Indonesian]] style architecture<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/03/19/in-jakarta-kampungs-coexist-with-skyscrapers.html|title=In Jakarta, kampungs coexist with skyscrapers|newspaper=The Jakarta Post|accessdate=23 May 2019}}</ref>. Jakarta has architecturally significant buildings in a wide range of styles spanning distinct historical and cultural periods. Architectural styles reflect Malay, Javanese, Arabic, Chinese and Dutch influences.<ref>{{cite book|first=Jacqueline|last=Knörr|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bo0dDAAAQBAJ|title=Creole Identity in Postcolonial Indonesia|date=2014|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=978-1-78238-268-3|jstor=j.ctt9qcwb1}}</ref>
[[Jakarta]] is the capital of [[Indonesia]] and the largest city by population in [[Southeast Asia]]. The city is a blend as well as contrast of [[Central business district|business district]]s with modern skyscrapers and [[kampung]]s with traditional [[Architecture of Indonesia|Indonesian]] style architecture<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/03/19/in-jakarta-kampungs-coexist-with-skyscrapers.html|title=In Jakarta, kampungs coexist with skyscrapers|newspaper=The Jakarta Post|accessdate=23 May 2019}}</ref>. Jakarta has architecturally significant buildings in a wide range of styles spanning distinct historical and cultural periods. Architectural styles reflect Malay, Javanese, Arabic, Chinese and Dutch influences.<ref>{{cite book|first=Jacqueline|last=Knörr|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bo0dDAAAQBAJ|title=Creole Identity in Postcolonial Indonesia|date=2014|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=978-1-78238-268-3|jstor=j.ctt9qcwb1}}</ref>


In December 2019, there were 964 [[highrise]] buildings and 244 [[skyscraper]]s in Jakarta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.emporis.com/city/100259/jakarta-indonesia|title=Jakarta}}</ref> The city has 90 completed [[skyscraper]]s with (150m+) height and another 52 more under construction.{{cn|date=March 2020}} At present{{when|date=March 2020}} four [[Supertall]] buildings (300m+) are being constructed in the city and another five [[Supertall]] buildings (350m+) are in proposal stage.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://properti.kompas.com/read/2018/09/11/110000721/4-calon-pencakar-langit-tertinggi-di-indonesia|title=4 Calon Pencakar Langit Tertinggi di Indonesia|newspaper=Kompas|accessdate=8 December 2018}}</ref>. Average age of the buildings of the city is about 8 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/city/jakarta|title=Jakarta |accessdate=9 July 2018}}</ref> Jakarta has more [[highrise]] buildings than that of [[Beijing]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://properti.kompas.com/read/2017/12/20/040000521/kalahkan-beijing-jakarta-punya-158-pencakar-langit|title=Kalahkan Beijing, Jakarta Punya 158 Pencakar Langit|newspaper=Kompas|accessdate=20 December 2017}}</ref> There are many other [[highrise]] and [[skyscraper]]s within [[Jabodetabek|Greater Jakarta]] outside [[DKI Jakarta]], which are not included in this article. There are 3
In December 2019, there were 964 [[highrise]] buildings and 244 [[skyscraper]]s in Jakarta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.emporis.com/city/100259/jakarta-indonesia|title=Jakarta}}</ref> The city has 90 completed [[skyscraper]]s with (150m+) height and another 52 more under construction.{{cn|date=March 2020}} At present{{when|date=March 2020}} four [[Supertall]] buildings (300m+) are being constructed in the city and another five [[Supertall]] buildings (350m+) are in proposal stage.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://properti.kompas.com/read/2018/09/11/110000721/4-calon-pencakar-langit-tertinggi-di-indonesia|title=4 Calon Pencakar Langit Tertinggi di Indonesia|newspaper=Kompas|accessdate=8 December 2018}}</ref>. Average age of the buildings of the city is about 8 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/city/jakarta|title=Jakarta |accessdate=9 July 2018}}</ref> Jakarta has more [[highrise]] buildings than that of [[Beijing]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://properti.kompas.com/read/2017/12/20/040000521/kalahkan-beijing-jakarta-punya-158-pencakar-langit|title=Kalahkan Beijing, Jakarta Punya 158 Pencakar Langit|newspaper=Kompas|accessdate=20 December 2017}}</ref> There are many other [[highrise]] and [[skyscraper]]s within [[Jabodetabek|Greater Jakarta]] outside [[DKI Jakarta]], which are not included in this article. There are 40 skyscrapers in Jakarta, which are more than 200 meters tall. Jakarta has the highest numbers of 200-meter-plus skyscrapers among Southeast Asian cities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thetowerinfo.com/tallest-building-built-proposed-jakarta/|title=Tallest buildings built and proposed in Jakarta|accessdate=9 July 2018}}</ref> Seven 200-meter-plus skyscrapers were completed in 2015 in Jakarta, which was the highest among the cities in the world during that year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ctbuh.org/Events/CTBUHRelatedEvents/1606_JakartaReport/tabid/7258/language/en-US/Default.aspx|title=Where does Jakarta Stand in the Global Picture?}}</ref> The city ranked third in the world by completing five 200-meter-plus skyscrapers during 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/style/article/2017-ctbuh-skyscraper-boom/index.html|title=World skyscraper construction hits all-time high|newspaper=CNN|accessdate=21 December 2017}}</ref>
40 skyscrapers in Jakarta, which are more than 200 meters tall. Jakarta has the highest numbers of 200-meter-plus skyscrapers among Southeast Asian cities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thetowerinfo.com/tallest-building-built-proposed-jakarta/|title=Tallest buildings built and proposed in Jakarta|accessdate=9 July 2018}}</ref> Seven 200-meter-plus skyscrapers were completed in 2015 in Jakarta, which was the highest among the cities in the world during that year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ctbuh.org/Events/CTBUHRelatedEvents/1606_JakartaReport/tabid/7258/language/en-US/Default.aspx|title=Where does Jakarta Stand in the Global Picture?}}</ref> The city ranked third in the world by completing five 200-meter-plus skyscrapers during 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/style/article/2017-ctbuh-skyscraper-boom/index.html|title=World skyscraper construction hits all-time high|newspaper=CNN|accessdate=21 December 2017}}</ref>
{{wide image|Jakarta Skyline Part 2.jpg|600px|Night-view of [[Jakarta]] skyline }}
{{wide image|Jakarta Skyline Part 2.jpg|600px|Night-view of [[Jakarta]] skyline }}


Revision as of 13:27, 9 November 2020

Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia and the largest city by population in Southeast Asia. The city is a blend as well as contrast of business districts with modern skyscrapers and kampungs with traditional Indonesian style architecture[1]. Jakarta has architecturally significant buildings in a wide range of styles spanning distinct historical and cultural periods. Architectural styles reflect Malay, Javanese, Arabic, Chinese and Dutch influences.[2]

In December 2019, there were 964 highrise buildings and 244 skyscrapers in Jakarta.[3] The city has 90 completed skyscrapers with (150m+) height and another 52 more under construction.[citation needed] At present[when?] four Supertall buildings (300m+) are being constructed in the city and another five Supertall buildings (350m+) are in proposal stage.[4]. Average age of the buildings of the city is about 8 years.[5] Jakarta has more highrise buildings than that of Beijing.[6] There are many other highrise and skyscrapers within Greater Jakarta outside DKI Jakarta, which are not included in this article. There are 40 skyscrapers in Jakarta, which are more than 200 meters tall. Jakarta has the highest numbers of 200-meter-plus skyscrapers among Southeast Asian cities.[7] Seven 200-meter-plus skyscrapers were completed in 2015 in Jakarta, which was the highest among the cities in the world during that year.[8] The city ranked third in the world by completing five 200-meter-plus skyscrapers during 2017.[9]

Night-view of Jakarta skyline

The first high rise building in the city was Sarinah, which was built in 1963. The first building over 100m in Jakarta was Wisma Nusantara, which was built in 1967 and was the tallest building in Southeast Asia at that time[10] Between 1983 and 1996, the tallest building in the city was Graha Mandiri. The first skyscraper above 250 meters height is Wisma 46 (262 m), which was constructed in 1996 and holds the 'unbeatable' record of being the tallest building for nearly 20 years.[11] As of January 2020, Gama Tower is the tallest building and Indosiar Television Tower is the tallest structure in Jakarta, as well as in Indonesia.

Most of the tallest skyscrapers are located within the Golden Triangle of Jakarta, along main avenues such as Jalan M.H. Thamrin, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman, Jalan Gatot Subroto and Jalan H.R. Rasuna Said. Clusters of high-rise buildings are located at SCBD, Mega Kuningan, Puri Indah, Kuningan Persada and along T. B. Simatupang Avenue. The Golden Triangle of Jakarta is one of the fastest evolving CBDs in the Asia-Pacific region.[12]

This list of tallest buildings in Jakarta ranks skyscrapers in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta. Skyscrapers of Greater Jakarta outside DKI Jakarta are not included in this list.

Tallest buildings

This list ranks only completed and architecturally topped out buildings in Jakarta with a minimum height of 150 meters based on standard height measurement. Highrises and skyscrapers of Greater Jakarta outside DKI Jakarta are not included in this list. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. The "Year" column indicates the year in which a building was completed. As of 12 November 2024, there are 91 buildings in Jakarta with a height over 150 meters.[13]

Rank Name Height
m 		Floors Year Notes
1 Gama Tower[14] 288,6 63 2015 The tallest building in Indonesia.[15]
2 Treasury Tower 279,5 57 2018
3 Wisma 46 261,9 51 1996 The tallest building in Indonesia from 1996 to 2015
4 Menara Astra 261,5 49 2017
5 Millennium Office Tower[16] 254,3 53 2019
6 Raffles Jakarta[17] 253,3 52 2014
7 The Pakubuwono Signature 252 50 2014 Tallest residential building in Indonesia
8 World Capital Tower 244,3 52 2017
9 Sahid Sudirman Center 239,8 52 2015
10 Sinarmas MSIG Tower 230 48 2014
Menara BCA 230 56 2007
Casa Domaine Tower 1 230 60 2016 At present[when?] 2nd tallest residential building in Jakarta[18]
14 Keraton at The Plaza 225 48 2009
15 Mangkuluhur City Apartment Tower A 224[19] 52 2017
16 BTPN Tower 223 48 2016
17 Equity Tower 220 44 2010
18 The Peak 1 219 55 2008 The tallest twin tower in Indonesia.
The Peak 2 219 55 2008 The tallest twin tower in Indonesia.
Telkom Landmark Tower 2 219 52 2016 -
21 Denpasar Residence 1, Kuningan City 218 58 2012 -
Denpasar Residence 2, Kuningan City 218 58 2012 -
Capital Place Office Tower 218 48 2015
24 The Energy Tower 217 40 2008
25 Kempinski Residences 215 58 2008
26 Bakrie Tower 214 50 2009
27 International Financial Centre Tower 2 213 48 2015 -
fX Residence 213 52 2006 -
29 Ritz-Carlton Jakarta Tower A 212 48 2005 -
Ritz-Carlton Jakarta Tower B 212 48 2005 -
The Tower 212 50 2015
32 PCPD Tower 211 42 2017
33 My Home & Ascott Apartment[20] 210 52 2013 -
Sequis Centre Tower 210[21] 41 2017
35 Casa Domaine Tower 2 209.9 57 2016
36 WTC 3 209 42 2017
37 SeaView Condominium Tower J 208 48 2015
SeaView Condominium Tower K 208 48 2015 -
SeaView Condominium Tower L 208 48 2015 -
SeaView Condominium Tower M 208 48 2015 -
The City Center Tower 1 208 47 2012 -
The Plaza Office Tower 208 46 2009 -
Residence 8 @ Senopati Tower A 208 51 2008
44 Tokopedia Tower 207.4[22] 51 2016
45 Residence 8 @ Senopati Tower B 205 51 2008
Eternity Tower 205 51 2015
Infinity Tower 205 51 2015
48 Axa Tower Jakarta, Kuningan City 201 45 2012
49 Neo SOHO 200+ 45 2016
50 SOHO capital 200+ 47 2016
51 West Vista Puri 200+ 48[23] 2017 T/O[24]
52 Chitaland Tower 196.1 40 2020 [25]
53 Wisma Mulia 195 54 2003
54 UOB Plaza 194 42 2009
DBS Tower[26] 194 37 2013
56 Anandamaya Residences 1 192 47 2017
57 One Pacific Place 190 37 2007
MNC Media Tower 190 39 2017[27]
59 Central Park Apartment Tower 1 188 49 2010
Central Park Apartment Tower 1 188 49 2010
Central Park Apartment Tower 2 188 49 2010
Central Park Apartment Tower 3 188 49 2010
63 Thamrin Executive Residence 183 45 2012
64 Menera Palma 2 181 34 2017
65 Pacific Place Residences East Tower 180 39 2007
Pacific Place Residences West Tower 180 38 2007
67 The St Moritz Presidential Suite Tower 1 179 44 2012
Anandamaya Residences 2 179 44 2017
Anandamaya Residences 3 179 44 2017
70 The Orchard Satrio 171 44 2017
The Residence Satrio 171 44 2017
72 Menara Kadin Indonesia 169 37 1997
73 Central Park Office Tower 167 41 2011
Botanica Apartment II & III 167 41 2015
The St Moritz Presidential Suite Tower 2 167 41 2016
The Cosmopolitan Tower 167 41 2013
The Bloomington 167 41 2013
The Tiffany 167 41 2013
Sky Tower 167 41 2014
Aston Hotel Jakarta 1 167 41 1996
Ancol Mansion 1 167 41 2011
Ancol Mansion 2 167 41 2011
Sopo Del Tower A 167 41 2017
Central Park Office Tower 167 41 2011
85 Centennial Tower 164 40 2016
86 City Lofts 163 40 2007
AIA Central 163 40 2015
The Grove Tower 1 163 40 2015
89 Office 8 161 41 2017
90 Plaza BII Tower II 160 32 2011
World Trade Center Tower II 160 39 2012
92 Botanica Apartment Tower I 159 39 2015
Lacewood Tower 159 39 2011
94 The St Moritz Office Tower 1 158 42 2017
Sudirman Square Tower A 158 33 1997
Sudirman Square Tower B 158 33 1997
97 Cyber 2 Tower 156 32 2009
98 Indofood Tower 155 38 2008
Mid Plaza Hotel Tower 155 37 1997
100 Mangkuluhur City Office Tower One 152 33 2020
101 - 108 Taman Anggrek I 151 46 1998
Taman Anggrek II 151 46 1998
Taman Anggrek III 151 46 1998
Taman Anggrek IV 151 46 1998
Taman Anggrek V 151 46 1998
Taman Anggrek VI 151 46 1998
Taman Anggrek VII 151 46 1998
Taman Anggrek VIII 151 46 1998
109 - 126 Menara BNI 150 34 2019
Dukuh Golf Apartment Tower 1 150 37 2016
Dukuh Golf Apartment Tower 2 150 37 2016
Dukuh Golf Apartment Tower 3 150 37 2016
Dukuh Golf Apartment Tower 4 150 37 2016
Kemayoran Office Tower 1 150 37 2016
Kemayoran Office Tower 2 150 37 2016
Kemayoran Office Tower 3 150 37 2016
Royal Springfield Residence 5 150 37 2015
Royal Springfield Residence 6 150 37 2015
Lotus 150 37 2015
Lavender 150 37 2015
Magnolia 150 37 2015
Marygold 150 37 2015
Aston Hotel Jakarta II 150 37 1996
ITC Kuningan 150 37 1998
The City Tower 150 32 2007
Fairmont Hotel 150 32 2015

* indicates building is still under construction, but has been topped out

Tallest under construction or proposed

Under construction

This list comprises highrise buildings that are under construction in Jakarta and are planned to rise at least 150 meters. Under construction buildings that have already been topped out are also included.

Name Height Architectural
(m) 		Floors Expected year of completion
(est.) 		Notes
Thamrin Nine Tower 1 382,9 72 2021 Would be tallest building in Indonesia and Southern Hemisphere
Icon Tower 1 350 75 - On hold
Indonesia-1 North Tower 303 64 2021 Tallest twin towers in Jakarta under construction
Indonesia-1 South Tower 303 60 2022 Tallest twin towers in Jakarta under construction
Thamrin Nine Tower 2 300 62 2020[28] Under construction
Fortune Tower 280-330[29] 56 - On Hold, to be built at Menara Jakarta complex at Kemayoran
Abode Sudirman Place 60
55 		2021 Under construction
The Jakarta Office Tower 266 59[30] 2021 U/C
Daswin Building 263 53[31] 2020 T/O
St Regis Hotel and Residence [32] 244 55 [33] 2019 T/O [34]
Pollux Sky Suites 235 50 2021 On Hold
Azure Tower 230-288 53 2021 T/O
Breeze Tower 230-288 53 2024 On Hold
Equinox Tower 230-254 53 2021 T/O
Destiny Tower 230-254 53 2024 On Hold
Celestial Tower 230-254 53 2024 On Hold
Sky 57 49
29 		2022 U/C
The Hundred 212 47 2018 On Hold
Benhil Central 200+ 45 - Preparation Stage
Diamond Tower 198,75 49 - Preparation Stage
Branz Mega Kunigan[35] 180
135 		44
35 		2023 On Hold
Regatta Hotel 163 40 2018 On Hold
Holland Village Office Tower and Apartment Tower 170
170
165 		44
44
36 		2021 To be built at Holland Village Complex [36]

Proposed

This lists buildings that are proposed in Jakarta and are planned to rise at least 200 meters.

Name Height
m 		Floors Year
(est.) 		Notes
Signature Tower 638 114 2025 Proposed. Expected to be the 6th-tallest building in the world.
BUMN Tower 600 100 - Also known as Menara Kebanggaan Indonesia (Indonesian Pride Tower).
Pertamina Energy Tower 523 99 - Proposed
MC TOWER 450 80 - Proposed
EX Tower 441 98 2020 Never Built
Arthaloka Tower 360 72 - Proposed. Tallest building to be built at Arthaloka Square[37]
OUE Tower 350 - - Proposed
Ciputra World Jakarta 1 Tower 4 350 70 - Proposed
The Pinnacle Mangkuluhur City 350 110 - Proposed
Mega Kuningan Town Park 320 63 2010 Considered to be a stale proposal[38]
Sentra BDNI Tower A 317 62 - Cancelled
Indonesia Financial Center Tower A 304 2021 Proposed
Indonesia Financial Center Tower B 304 2021 Proposed
Menara Panin Bank 300+ 70 - Proposed
Sampoerna Strategic Square 2 300+ 72
BRI Tower 300+ 80 - Proposed
7Point8 298 60 2025+ Proposed
Sungai Gerong Residential Tower 285,4 63 - Proposed
World Financial Tower 250 50+ - Proposed
Cyber Estate Tower 240 60 -
Bumiputera Tower 230 63 -
Avania Residences 230+ 50+ - Proposed
IFC Tower 1 215+ 49 - Proposed
SSI Tower 212 - - Proposed
Kompas Gramedia Tower 200+ ±50 - Proposed
PRJ Towers 52
49 		- Proposed
Pakubuwono Patra 50+
50+ 		- Proposed
Wisma Kosgoro Redevelopment 150+ 40 - Proposed
Grand Sahid Plaza - 50 -

Timeline of tallest buildings

Buildings which were once held the title of tallest building in Jakarta, as well as the current[when?] one.

Name Height
m 		Floor Years as the tallest
 Image Notes
Sarinah 74 15 1963-1967
Wisma Nusantara 117 30 1967-1983 Tallest building in Southeast Asia upon completion.
Graha Mandiri 143 32 1983-1996
Wisma 46 262 51 1996-2015 Was the second tallest building in the Southern Hemisphere upon completion.
Gama Tower 310 69 2015-2021 File:Gama tower.jpg
Thamrin Nine Tower 383 72 2021-future

See also

References

  1. ^ "In Jakarta, kampungs coexist with skyscrapers". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
  2. ^ Knörr, Jacqueline (2014). Creole Identity in Postcolonial Indonesia. Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-1-78238-268-3. JSTOR j.ctt9qcwb1.
  3. ^ "Jakarta".
  4. ^ "4 Calon Pencakar Langit Tertinggi di Indonesia". Kompas. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
  5. ^ "Jakarta". Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  6. ^ "Kalahkan Beijing, Jakarta Punya 158 Pencakar Langit". Kompas. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
  7. ^ "Tallest buildings built and proposed in Jakarta". Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  8. ^ "Where does Jakarta Stand in the Global Picture?".
  9. ^ "World skyscraper construction hits all-time high". CNN. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
  10. ^ "Wisma Nusantara - history". Wisma Nusantara. Pt. Wisma Nusantara International. 2014. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
  11. ^ 10 Gedung Tertinggi di Jakarta, VIVA.co.id, November 24, 2010.
  12. ^ "Where are the fastest evolving Central Business Districts in Asia Pacific?". Archived from the original on 2018-07-09. Retrieved 2017-11-25.}}
  13. ^ "Number of 150m+ Completed Buildings - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2020-08-05.
  14. ^ "Jakarta's tallest hotel set to attract business travelers". The Jakarta Post. 2016-08-23. Retrieved 2016-09-17.
  15. ^ Cemindo Tower Archived 2014-02-02 at the Wayback Machine, CTBUH. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  16. ^ "Millennium Office Tower". Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  17. ^ "Raffles Jakarta".
  18. ^ "Salim=Group Bangun Apartemen Tertinggi di Jakarta". Kompas. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
  19. ^ "Mangkuluhur City 3, Jakarta".
  20. ^ {cite web|url=http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/ciputra-world-residential-tower/12702%7Ctitle=Ciputra World Residential Tower}}
  21. ^ "Sequis Tower".
  22. ^ "Tokopedia Tower".
  23. ^ "Keppel Land Kembangkan Apartemen West Vista di Jakarta Barat". Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  24. ^ "Keppel Land Optimistis Proyek Apartemen West Vista at Puri Terserap Pasar".
  25. ^ "Chitaland Tower".
  26. ^ "DBS Bank Tower".
  27. ^ "MNC Media Tower".
  28. ^ https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/uol-unveils-2-deals-to-strengthen-its-indonesian-hospitality-portfolio
  29. ^ "Kemayoran Dilirik Banyak Investor, Sebenarnya Ada Apa?". Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  30. ^ "Mori Building launches construction of office tower in Central Jakarta". Antara. Retrieved 2017-08-10.
  31. ^ "Daswin Building". Retrieved 12 February 2018.
  32. ^ "Akhirnya, The St Regis Jakarta Bergeser ke Kuningan". Kompas. Retrieved 2017-08-24.
  33. ^ "Proyek Rajawali Place raih pinjaman US$ 260 juta". Kontan. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
  34. ^ "Rajawali Property Hadirkan Hunian Rp 23 Miliar di Kawasan Kuningan". Kompas. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
  35. ^ "Tokyu Land Siapkan Pembangunan Branz Mega Kuningan". Berita Satu. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  36. ^ "Holland Village Complex".
  37. ^ "Arthaloka Square".
  38. ^ Mega Kuningan Town Park, SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
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