Khawaja Nazimuddin
 |
Khawaja Nazimuddin | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 2nd Prime Minister of Pakistan | |
| In office 17 October 1951 – 17 April 1953 | |
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Preceded by | Liaquat Ali Khan |
| Succeeded by | Muhammad Ali Bogra |
| 2nd Governor-General of Pakistan | |
| In office 14 September 1948 – 17 October 1951 | |
| Preceded by | Muhammad Ali Jinnah |
| Succeeded by | Ghulam Muhammad |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 19 July 1894 Dacca, Bengal |
| Died | October 22, 1964 (aged 70) Dacca, East Pakistan |
| Political party | Muslim League |
Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin, KCIE (Urdu: خواجہ ناظم الدین, Bengali: খাজা নাজিমুদ্দীন Khaja Nazimuddin) (July 19, 1894 - October 22 1964) was the second Governor-General of Pakistan, and later the second Prime Minister of Pakistan as well.
Early Life
He was born in Dacca, Bengal (now Dhaka, Bangladesh) into the family of the Nawabs of Dhaka, who are ethnically Kashmiri[citation needed]. He received his education from Dunstable Grammar School in England, then Aligarh Muslim University, and later Trinity Hall, Cambridge until the mid-1930s.
Politics
After returning to British India, he became involved in politics in his native Bengal. Nazimuddin was initially the Education Minister, but climbed the ranks to become the Chief Minister of the province prior to independence. Nazimuddin also became the head of the Muslim League in Eastern India.
Governor-General of Pakistan
Upon the formation of Pakistan, he became an important part of the early government. After the early death of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Nazimuddin succeeded him as the Governor-General of Pakistan. At this point in time, the position was largely ceremonial, and executive power rested with the Prime Minister. The first Prime Minister of Pakistan, Liaquat Ali Khan was assassinated in 1951, and Nazimuddin stepped in to replace him.
Prime Minister
During Nazimuddin's time as Prime Minister, Pakistan saw a growing rift within the Muslim League, especially between Punjabi and Bengali groups, as those were the two largest ethnic groups of Pakistan, but were separated by India. On 21 February, 1952, a demonstration in the Language movement demanding equal and official status to the Bengali language turned bloody, with many fatalities caused by police firings. During his reign, a framework was begun for a constitution that would allow Pakistan to become a republic, and end its Dominion status. Progress was made, but Nazimuddin's time as Prime Minister would be cut short in 1953.
In 1953, a religious movement began to agitate for the removal of the Ahmadi religious minority from power positions, and demanded a declaration of this minority as non-Muslims. Nazimuddin resisted such pressures; but riots broke out in The Punjab against both the government and followers of this religious minority. Nazimuddin responded by changing the governor of that province to Feroz Khan Noon, but the decision came late.
Resignation
Ghulam Muhammad, the Governor-General, asked the Prime Minister to step down. Khawaja Nazimuddin refused, but Ghulam Muhammad got his way by invoking a reserve power that allowed him to dismiss the Prime Minister. The Chief Justice, Muhammad Munir, of the "Federal Court of Pakistan" (now named as the Supreme Court of Pakistan), did not rule on the legality of the dismissal, but instead forced new elections. The new prime-minister was another Bengali born statesman, Muhammad Ali Bogra.
The dismissal of Nazimuddin, the Prime Minister, by the Governor-General, Muhammad, signalled a troubling trend in Pakistani political history.
Death
The Nazimabad and North Nazimabad suburbs of Karachi and Nazimuddin Road of Dhaka have been named in honour of Khawaja Nazimuddin.
He was buried at Suhrawardy Udyan of his hometown Dhaka.
Honours
He was made a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) in 1926, and was knighted in 1934 by the King-Emperor George V, when he was promoted to the rank of Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE).
See also
Sources
Current Events Biography, 1959
External links
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- Articles lacking sources from July 2007
- 1894 births
- 1964 deaths
- Alumni of Trinity Hall, Cambridge
- Bangladeshi politicians
- Governors-General of Pakistan
- Pakistani politicians
- Prime Ministers of Pakistan
- Aligarh Muslim University alumni
- Leaders of the Pakistan Movement
- Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire