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List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates

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The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish, Danish and Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is one of five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel. The first Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Frédéric Passy and Henry Dunant. The Peace Prize is presented annually in Oslo, Norway, by the Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee in the presence of the King, on December 10 (the anniversary of Nobel's death). It is the only Nobel Prize not presented in Stockholm, Sweden.

As of 2008, the Peace Prize has been awarded to 96 individuals and 20 organizations.

Laureates

Year Laureate(s) Country Rationale
1901 Frédéric Passy France Passy won the prize for being one of the main founders of the Inter-Parliamentary Union and also the main organizer of the first Universal Peace Congress.[1][2]
Henry Dunant Switzerland Dunant won the prize for his role in founding the International Committee of the Red Cross.[1][2]
1902 Élie Ducommun Switzerland Honorary secretaries, Permanent International Peace Bureau in Berne
Charles Albert Gobat Switzerland
1903 William Randal Cremer United Kingdom Secretary, International Arbitration League
1904 Institut de Droit International Belgium
1905 Bertha Sophie Felicitas Baronin von Suttner Austria-Hungary Honorary President, Permanent International Peace Bureau
1906 Theodore Roosevelt United States President of the United States; peace treaty collaborations (brokering the Treaty of Portsmouth ending the Russo-Japanese War)
1907* Ernesto Teodoro Moneta Italy President, Lombard League of Peace
1907* Louis Renault France Professor of International Law
1908* Klas Pontus Arnoldson Sweden Founder, Swedish Peace and Arbitration Association
1908* Fredrik Bajer Denmark Honorary President, Permanent International Peace Bureau
1909* Auguste Marie François Beernaert Belgium Member of the Cour Internationale d'Arbitrage.
1909* Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant France Founder and president of the French parliamentary group for international arbitration. Founder of the Comité de défense des intérets nationaux et de conciliation internationale
1910 International Peace Bureau Switzerland Berne
1911* Tobias Michael Carel Asser Netherlands Initiator of the International Conferences of Private Law in The Hague
1911* Alfred Hermann Fried Austria-Hungary Founder of Die Waffen Nieder
1912 Elihu Root United States For initiating various arbitration agreements
1913 Henri La Fontaine Belgium President of the Permanent International Peace Bureau
1914 [Not awarded]
1915 [Not awarded]
1916 [Not awarded]
1917 International Committee of the Red Cross Switzerland
1918 [Not awarded]
1919 Woodrow Wilson United States President of the United States, as foremost promoter of the League of Nations
1920 Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois France President of the Council of the League of Nations
1921* Hjalmar Branting Sweden Prime minister, Swedish delegate to the Council of the League of Nations
1921* Christian Lous Lange Norway Secretary-general of the Inter-Parliamentary Union
1922 Fridtjof Nansen Norway Norwegian delegate to the League of Nations, originator of the Nansen passports for refugees
1923 [Not awarded]
1924 [Not awarded]
1925* Austen Chamberlain United Kingdom For the Locarno Treaties
1925* Charles Gates Dawes United States Chairman of the Allied Reparations Commission and originator of the Dawes Plan
1926* Aristide Briand France For the Locarno Treaties
1926* Gustav Stresemann Germany For the Locarno Treaties
1927* Ferdinand Buisson France Founder and president of the League for Human Rights
1927* Ludwig Quidde Germany Delegate to numerous peace conferences
1928 [Not awarded]
1929 Frank B. Kellogg United States For the Kellogg-Briand Pact
1930 Nathan Söderblom Sweden Leader of the ecumenical movement
1931* Jane Addams United States International president of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
1931* Nicholas Murray Butler United States For promoting the Kellogg-Briand Pact
1932 [Not awarded]
1933 Sir Norman Angell United Kingdom Writer, member of the Executive Committee of the League of Nations and the National Peace Council
1934 Arthur Henderson United Kingdom Chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference
1935 Carl von Ossietzky Germany Pacifist journalist.
1936 Carlos Saavedra Lamas Argentina President of the League of Nations and mediator in the Chaco War between Paraguay and Bolivia
1937 Robert Cecil United Kingdom Founder and president of the International Peace Campaign
1938 Nansen International Office For Refugees Switzerland
1939 [Not awarded]
1940 [Not awarded]
1941 [Not awarded]
1942 [Not awarded]
1943 [Not awarded]
1944 International Committee of the Red Cross Switzerland Awarded retroactively in 1945
1945 Cordell Hull United States For co-initiating the United Nations
1946* Emily Greene Balch United States Honorary international president of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
1946* John R. Mott United States Chairman of the International Missionary Council and president of the World Alliance of Young Men's Christian Associations
1947 Friends Service Council
American Friends Service Committee 		United Kingdom
United States 		On behalf of the Religious Society of Friends, better known as the Quakers
1948 [Not awarded] May have been awarded to Mohandas Gandhi had he not been assassinated.[3]
1949 Lord Boyd-Orr United Kingdom Director general Food and Agricultural Organization, president National Peace Council, president World Union of Peace Organizations
1950 Ralph Bunche United States for mediating in Palestine (1948)
1951 Léon Jouhaux France President of the International Committee of the European Council, vice president of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, vice president of the World Federation of Trade Unions, member of the ILO Council, delegate to the UN
1952 Albert Schweitzer France For his philosophy of "Reverence for Life", expressed in many ways, but most famously in founding the Lambaréné Hospital in Gabon
1953 George Catlett Marshall United States For the Marshall Plan
1954 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees United Nations
1955 [Not awarded]
1956 [Not awarded]
1957 Lester Bowles Pearson Canada President of the 7th session of the United Nations General Assembly for introducing peacekeeping forces to resolve the Suez Crisis
1958 Georges Pire Belgium Leader of L'Europe du Coeur au Service du Monde, a relief organization for refugees.
1959 Philip Noel-Baker United Kingdom "for his lifelong ardent work for international peace and co-operation."
1960 Albert Lutuli South Africa President, African National Congress
1961 Dag Hammarskjöld Sweden Secretary-General, United Nations (posthumous)
1962 Linus Carl Pauling United States "for his campaign against nuclear weapons testing."
1963 International Committee of the Red Cross
League of Red Cross societies 		Switzerland
1964 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. United States Leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, campaigner for civil rights
1965 United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) United Nations
1966 [Not awarded]
1967 [Not awarded]
1968 René Cassin France President, European Court of Human Rights
1969 International Labour Organization United Nations
1970 Norman Borlaug United States "for research at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center."
1971 Willy Brandt West Germany "for West Germany's Ostpolitik, embodying a new attitude towards Eastern Europe and East Germany."
1972 [Not awarded]
1973 Henry A. Kissinger
Lê Ðức Thọ (declined the honors) 		United States
North Vietnam 		The Vietnam peace accord
1974 Seán MacBride
Eisaku Sato 		Ireland
Japan 		President of the International Peace Bureau the Commission of Namibia of the United Nations
1975 Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov Soviet Union Campaigns for human rights
1976 Betty Williams
Mairead Corrigan 		United Kingdom Founders of the Northern Ireland Peace Movement (later renamed Community of Peace People)
1977 Amnesty International United Kingdom Campaign against torture
1978 Mohamed Anwar Al-Sadat
(محمد أنور السادات)
Menachem Begin (מנחם בגין) 		Egypt
Israel 		For negotiating peace between Egypt and Israel
1979 Mother Teresa India Poverty awareness campaigner and her service to humanity
1980 Adolfo Pérez Esquivel Argentina Human rights advocate
1981 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees United Nations
1982 Alva Myrdal
Alfonso García Robles 		Sweden
Mexico 		Treaty of Tlatelolco
1983 Lech Wałęsa Poland Founder of Solidarność; campaigner for human rights
1984 Desmond Mpilo Tutu South Africa Anti-apartheid
1985 International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War United States "for spreading authoritative information and by creating an awareness of the catastrophic consequences of atomic warfare"
1986 Elie Wiesel United States author, Holocaust survivor "for his message of peace"[4]
1987 Óscar Arias Sánchez Costa Rica "for his work for peace in Central America, efforts which led to the accord signed in Guatemala on August 7 this year"[5]
1988 United Nations Peace-Keeping Forces United Nations For participation in numerous conflicts since 1956. At the time of the award, 736 people from a variety of nations had lost their lives in peacekeeping efforts.
1989 Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama Tibet "for his consistent resistance to the use of violence in his people's struggle to regain their freedom"[6]
1990 Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev
(Михаи́л Серге́евич Горбачёв) 		Soviet Union "for his leading role in the peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international community"[7]
1991 Aung San Suu Kyi (အောင္‌ဆန္‌းစုက္ရည or ) Myanmar "for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights"[8]
1992 Rigoberta Menchú Guatemala "in recognition of her work for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples"[9]
1993 Nelson Mandela
Frederik Willem de Klerk 		South Africa "for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa"[10]
1994 Yasser Arafat (ياسر عرفات)
Shimon Peres (שמעון פרס)
Yitzhak Rabin (יצחק רבין) 		Palestine
Israel
Israel 		"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East"[11]
1995 Joseph Rotblat
Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs 		Poland
United Kingdom
Canada 		"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms"[12]
1996 Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo
José Ramos-Horta 		Timor-Leste "for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor."[13]
1997 International Campaign to Ban Landmines
Jody Williams 		United States "for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines"[14]
1998 John Hume
David Trimble 		Ireland
United Kingdom 		"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland"[15]
1999 Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders) Switzerland "in recognition of the organization's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents"[16]
2000 Kim Dae Jung
김대중 (金大中) 		South Korea "for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular"[17]
2001 United Nations
Kofi Annan 		United Nations
Ghana 		"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world"[18]
2002 Jimmy Carter United States Former President of the United States, "for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development"[19]
2003 Shirin Ebadi (شيرين عبادي) Iran "for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children"[20]
2004 Wangari Maathai Kenya "for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace"[21]
2005 International Atomic Energy Agency
Mohamed ElBaradei
(محمد البرادعي) 		United Nations
Egypt 		"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way"[22]
2006 Muhammad Yunus (মুহাম্মদ ইউনুস)
Grameen Bank 		Bangladesh "for advancing economic and social opportunities for the poor, especially women, through their pioneering microcredit work"[23]
2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Al Gore 		United Nations
United States 		"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change"[24]
2008 Martti Ahtisaari Finland Former President of Finland, "for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts"[25]

* Years with multiple nominations for a Nobel Prize.

References

  1. ^ a b "The Nobel Peace Prize 1901". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  2. ^ a b Lundestad, Geir. "The Nobel Peace Prize, 1901-2000". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  3. ^ Mahatma Gandhi, the Missing Laureate, Nobelprize.org
  4. ^ Press Release - Peace 1986
  5. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 1987". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  6. ^ "The Nobel Prize". Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso).
  7. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 1990". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  8. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 1991". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  9. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 1992". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  10. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 1993". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  11. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 1994". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  12. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 1995". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  13. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 1996". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  14. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 1997". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  15. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 1998". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  16. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 1999". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  17. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 2000". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  18. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 2001". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  19. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 2002". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  20. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 2003". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  21. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 2004". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  22. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 2005". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  23. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 2006". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  24. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 2007". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  25. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 2008". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-10.

External links

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