Fokker 100
| Fokker 100 | |
|---|---|
| |
| Austrian Arrows Fokker 100 (F-28-0100) | |
| Role | Airliner |
| Manufacturer | Fokker |
| First flight | November 30, 1986 |
| Introduction | February 1988 with Swissair |
| Status | Active service |
| Primary users | Avianca (29) KLM Cityhopper (20) Click Mexicana (25) Iran Air (18) Austrian Arrows (16) |
| Produced | 1986-1997 |
| Number built | 283 |
| Developed from | Fokker F28 |
| Variants | Fokker 70 |
The Fokker 100 is a medium size twin-turbofan airliner from the Fokker company.
Low operational costs and almost no competition in the 100-seat short-range class made it a best seller when it was introduced in the late 1980s, but improved models of the Bombardier CRJ200 and Embraer ERJ 145 family affected sales and Fokker became insolvent. Production ended in 1997 with 283 airframes delivered. In August 2006, 229 Fokker 100 aircraft remained in airline service with 47 airlines around the world.[1]
Design and development
The Fokker 100 design was announced in 1983 as an updated replacement for Fokker's popular, but superseded F28 Fellowship design. Although the majority of the parts between the two aircraft are different, the Fokker 100 was certificated by the United States Federal Aviation Administration as the Fokker 28-0100. The most noticeable difference was the much longer fuselage, which increased seating by 65% from 65 in the original F28 series to 107 in a three-by-two single-class arrangement. Fokker also introduced a redesigned wing for the 100, which they claimed was 30% more efficient in cruise. The engines were upgraded to the modern Rolls-Royce Tay turbofans, while the cockpit was updated with an all-glass instrumentation package. The Fokker 100 features twin fuselage-mounted engines and a T-tail, similar to that of the Douglas DC-9 family. The Fokker 100 does not have eyebrow windows above the main cockpit windows as on the Fokker F28.
Two prototypes were built - the first, PH-MKH, flew for the first time on November 30, 1986, and the second, PH-MKC, followed on February 25, 1987. The type certificate was awarded in November 1987. The first deliveries of the TAY620-15 powered versions started to Swissair in February 1988. American Airlines (75 planes ordered), TAM Transportes Aéreos Regionais (now TAM Airlines (TAM Linhas Aéreas)) (50 planes) and US Air (40 planes) were major customers of the Fokker 100 and were powered by the more powerful TAY650-15.
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By 1991,Fokker knobjockeys blow so much pole Fokker had produced 70 units and had orders for more than 230. An extended range version with additional fuel tanks in the wings was introduced in 1993, and a quick-change passenger/freighter version in 1994, the 100QC. A shorter version was introduced in 1993 as a replacement for the earlier F28, known as the Fokker 70, which removed 4.70 m (15.42 ft) of the fuselage and reduced seating to 80. Studies on the 130 seat Fokker 130 and the Fokker 100QC (freighter) did not reach further stages of development. A Fokker 100EJ (Executive Jet) was introduced in 2003 as a conversion from used Fokker 100 aircraft.
Although the design was a success in the marketplace, Fokker continued to lose money due to mismanagement. Eventually their parent company, Daimler Benz Aerospace, shut them down. Fokker collapsed in 1996 and wound up production in early 1997. There had been some discussion about the company being purchased by Bombardier, but the plans fell through.
An Amsterdam-based group, Rekkof Restart (Rekkof is Fokker spelled backwards) negotiated to re-open the Fokker 70 and 100 lines in 1999, but the deal never completed. Stork B.V. acquired the maintenance business for the aircraft and operated it under the name "Fokker Aviation".[2]
Like any number of designs, the 70/100 was being increasingly squeezed from below by stretched versions of the Bombardier and Embraer regional jets, which also killed off plans for the Fairchild 728JET/928JET and an unnamed design from ATR. A proposed stretch version called the Fokker 130 was never built.[2]
Notable incidents
- On March 5, 1993 Palair Macedonian Flight 301, a Fokker 100 (PH-KXL) crashed shortly after take-off from Skopje Airport on its way to Zurich Airport, killing 83 of 97 passengers and crew on board.[3]
- On October 31, 1996, TAM Transportes Aéreos Regionais Flight 402 crashed next to Congonhas Airport in Brazil, killing 99 people, including everyone on board plus 4 people on the ground.
- On November 7, 1999 Air Dolomiti Flight 2708, a Fokker 100 flying from Venice Marco Polo Airport with 44 on board, suffered maingear failure while approaching Barcelona International Airport and landed safely on a foam carpet.[4]
- On January 25, 2007, Air France Flight 7775 from Pau to Paris crashed shortly after take-off. All 54 passengers and crew escaped from the aircraft, although one person was killed on the ground.[5] An investigation by the BEA revealed that the cause of the accident was ice on the wings of the aircraft involved.[6]
- On February 2, 2008, an Austrian Airlines Fokker 100 made an emergency landing at Leeds Bradford International Airport in the UK, after the right engine was reported idle. The pilots landed safely, and there were no injuries amongst the 103 passengers and crew on board.[7]
- On August 12, 2009, the wheel on an Aseman Airlines Fokker 100 exploded and caught fire as the aircraft made a hard landing in the city of Isfahan [8]
Current operators
As of August 2009 229 aircraft are still in operational use with airlines[9].
- Aero Mongolia
- Air Affaires Gabon
- Air Bagan
- Air Express
- Air Niugini
- Alliance Airlines
- Austrian Arrows
- Blue Line
- Brit Air
- Carpatair
- Contact Air
- Dutch Antilles Express
- Eastindo
- Germania Flug
- Helvetic Airways
- Iran Air
- Iran Aseman Airlines
- Iran Air Transport
- IRS Airlines
- Kish Air
| class="col-break " |
- KLM Cityhopper
- Mandarin Airlines
- Merpati Nusantara Airlines
- MexicanaClick
- Moldavian Airlines
- Montenegro Airlines
- Network Aviation Australia
- OceanAir
- OLT
- Pelita Air Service
- Portugália
- Régional
- SAM
- Skywest Airlines (Australia)
- Trade Air
- Transwisata Prima Aviation
Previous operators
- Air Berlin
- Air Greece
- Air Europe
- American Airlines
- Aviacsa
- Palair Macedonian Airlines
- Air Gabon
- CCM Airlines
- Flight West Airlines
- Germania
- Girjet
- Korean Air
- MALEV
- Mexicana
- Midway Airlines
- Swissair
- TAM Airlines
- TAM Airlines (Paraguay)
- TAT European Airlines
- US Airways
- EUjet
- Jetsgo
Specifications
| Fokker 100 Tay 620 |
Fokker 100 Tay 650 | |
|---|---|---|
| Cockpit crew | Two | |
| Seating capacity | 107 (1-class) 97 (2-class) | |
| Length | 35.53 metres (116 ft 7 in) | |
| Wingspan | 28.08 metres (92 ft 2 in) | |
| Wing area | 93.5 square metres (1,006 sq ft) | |
| Height | 8.50 metres (27 ft 11 in) | |
| Typical empty weight | 24,375 kilograms (53,738 lb) | 24,541 kilograms (54,104 lb) |
| Maximum take-off weight | 43,090 kilograms (95,000 lb) | 45,810 kilograms (100,990 lb) |
| Range fully loaded | 1,323 nautical miles (2,450 km; 1,522 mi) | 1,710 nautical miles (3,170 km; 1,970 mi) |
| Max. cruising speed | 845 km/h (525 mph, 456 kn) | |
| Powerplants (2x) | Rolls-Royce Tay Mk 62015 | Rolls-Royce Tay Mk 65015 |
| Engine thrust | 13,850 lbf (61.6 kN) | 15,100 lbf (67.2 kN) |
- Notes: Data are provided for reference only. Tay 620=Rolls-Royce Tay Mk 62015 and Tay 650=Rolls-Royce Tay Mk 65015
- Sources: airliners.net[10]
See also
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
- ACAC ARJ21
- Airbus A318
- BAe 146
- Boeing 717
- Bombardier CRJ900/1000
- Bombardier CSeries
- Embraer E-Jets
- Mitsubishi Regional Jet
- Sukhoi Superjet 100
- Tupolev Tu-334
- Yakovlev Yak-42D
Related lists
References
Notes
- ^ Flight International, 3-9 October 2006.
- ^ a b History of Fokker
- ^ "ASN Aircraft accident Fokker 100 PH-KXL Skopje". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 2008-04-13.
- ^ "ASN Aircraft accident Fokker 100 I-ALPL Barcelona Airport (BCN)". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 2008-03-10.
- ^ "Picture: Truck driver killed as Air France Régional Fokker 100 hits vehicle during overrun in Pau". Flight Global. Retrieved 2 January 2009.
- ^ "Icing led to Air France Fokker take-off crash: investigators". Flight Global. Retrieved 2 January 2009.
- ^ BBC News
- ^ [1]
- ^ "World Airliner Census". Flight International: 37-59. 2009-08-18.
- ^ The Fokker 100
Bibliography
- Taylor, Michael J. H. (1996). Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory. London, England: Brassey's. ISBN 1 85733 1981 1.
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