Jump to content

April 2015 Nepal earthquake

Coordinates: 28°08′49″N 84°42′29″E / 28.147°N 84.708°E / 28.147; 84.708
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Al E. (talk | contribs) at 15:59, 1 May 2015 (→Immediate Aftermath: fixed broken <ref>). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

2015 Nepal earthquake (Gorkha earthquake)
April 2015 Nepal earthquake is located in Nepal
April 2015 Nepal earthquake
Kathmandu
Kathmandu
UTC time??
Magnitude7.8Mw[1] or 7.6 ML[2] or 8.1 Ms[3]
Depth15.0 kilometers (9 mi)[1]
Epicenter28°08′49″N 84°42′29″E / 28.147°N 84.708°E / 28.147; 84.708[1]
TypeThrust[1]
Areas affected
Max. intensityIX (Violent)[1]
Aftershocks6.6Mw on 25 April at 12:30[4]
6.7Mw on 26 April at 12:54[5]
Casualties6,311+ confirmed dead,[i][6] though the real death toll could be as high as 10,000[7] 14,000+ injured[8]

The 2015 Nepal earthquake' (the Himalayan earthquake)[9][10] which killed at least 6300 people and injured more than twice as many as of 30 April 2015,[i] occurred at on 25 April with a moment magnitude (Mw) of 7.8 or 7.6 ML[2] or 8.1Ms[3] and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of IX (Violent). Its epicenter lay in Barpak village of Gorkha district and its hypocenter was at a depth of approximately 15 km (9.3 mi).[1]

It was the most powerful disaster to strike Nepal since the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake.[11][12][13] Some casualties have also been reported in the adjoining areas of India, China, and Bangladesh. India responded with Operation Maitri for rescue and relief in Nepal by its armed forces[14][15] and also evacuated Indian and foreign citizens from Nepal.

The earthquake triggered an avalanche on Mount Everest, killing at least 19,[16] making it the deadliest day on the mountain in history.[17] It triggered another huge avalanche in Langtang valley, where 250 are now missing.[18] Centuries-old buildings were destroyed at UNESCO World Heritage sites in the Kathmandu Valley, including some at the Kathmandu Durbar Square, the Patan Durbar Square and the Bhaktapur Durbar Square. Nepal's government has declared three days of mourning after the quake.[19]

Geophysicists and other experts had warned for decades that Nepal was vulnerable to a deadly earthquake, particularly because of its geology, urbanization, and architecture.[20][21]

Continued aftershocks occurred throughout Nepal, with one shock reaching a magnitude of 6.7 on 26 April at NST.[5] The country is at continued risk of landslides as well.[22] Even five days after the Great Quake, rescue teams are still pulling out survivors trapped under rubble both inside and outside Kathmandu Valley.[23]

Earthquake

Map of the earthquake and its aftershocks

The earthquake occurred on 25 April 2015 at NST (06:11:26 UTC) at a depth of approximately 15 km (9.3 mi) (which is considered shallow and therefore more damaging than quakes that originate deeper in the ground),[24] with its epicenter approximately 34 km (21 mi) east-southeast of Lamjung, Nepal, lasting approximately twenty seconds.[25] The earthquake was initially reported as 7.5 Mw by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) before it was quickly upgraded to 7.9 Mw and finally downgraded to 7.8 Mw. The China Earthquake Networks Center (CENC) reported the earthquake's magnitude to be 8.1 Ms. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) said two powerful quakes were registered in Nepal at 06:11 UTC and 06:45 UTC. The first quake measured 7.9 Mw and its epicenter was identified at a distance of 80 km to the northwest of Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal. Bharatpur was the nearest major city to the main earthquake, 53 km (33 mi) from the epicenter. The second earthquake was somewhat less powerful at 6.6 Mw. It occurred 65 km (40 mi) east of Kathmandu and its seismic focus lay at a depth of 10 km (6.2 mi) below the earth's surface. Over thirty-five aftershocks of magnitude 4.5 Mw or greater occurred in the day following the initial earthquake, including the one of magnitude 6.6 Mw.[26]

According to the USGS, the temblor was caused by a sudden thrust, or release of built-up stress, along the major fault line where the Indian Plate, carrying India, is slowly diving underneath the Eurasian Plate, carrying much of Europe and Asia.[24] Kathmandu, situated on a block of crust approximately 120 km (75 miles) wide and 60 km (37 miles) long, reportedly shifted 3 m (10 ft) to the south in just 30 seconds.[27]

The risk of a large earthquake was well known beforehand. In 2013, in an interview with seismologist Vinod Kumar Gaur, The Hindu quoted him as saying, "Calculations show that there is sufficient accumulated energy [in the MFT], now to produce an 8 magnitude earthquake. I cannot say when. It may not happen tomorrow, but it could possibly happen sometime this century, or wait longer to produce a much larger one."[28] According to Brian Tucker, founder of a nonprofit organisation devoted to reducing casualties from natural disasters, some government officials had expressed confidence that such an earthquake would not occur again. Tucker recounted a conversation he had had with a government official in the 1990s who said, "We don't have to worry about earthquakes anymore, because we already had an earthquake"; the previous earthquake to which he referred occurred in 1934.[29]

Geology

M6+ Himalayan region earthquakes, 1900–2014

Nepal lies towards the southern limit of the diffuse collisional boundary where the Indian Plate underthrusts the Eurasian Plate,[30] occupying the central sector of the Himalayan arc, nearly one-third of the 2,400 km (1,500 mi) long Himalayas. Geologically, the Nepal Himalayas are sub-divided into five tectonic zones from north to south, east to west and almost parallel to sub-parallel.[31] These five distinct morpho-geotectonic zones are: (1) Terai Plain, (2) Sub Himalaya (Sivalik Range), (3) Lesser Himalaya (Mahabharat Range and mid valleys), (4) Higher Himalaya, and (5) Inner Himalaya (Tibetan Tethys).[32] Each of these zones is clearly identified by their morphological, geological, and tectonic features.[32]

The convergence rate between the plates in central Nepal is about 45 mm (1.8 in) per year. The location, magnitude, and focal mechanism of the earthquake suggest that it was caused by a slip along the Main Frontal Thrust.[1][33]

The earthquake's effects were amplified in Kathmandu as it sits on the Kathmandu Basin, which contains up to 600 m (2,000 ft) of sedimentary rocks, representing the infilling of a lake.[34]

Based on a study published in 2014, of the Main Frontal Thrust, on average a great earthquake occurs every 750 ± 140 and 870 ± 350 years in the east Nepal region.[35] A study from 2015 found a 700-year delay between earthquakes in the region. The study also suggests that because of tectonic stress buildup, the earthquake from 1934 in Nepal and the 2015 quake are connected, following a historic earthquake pattern.[36]

Intensity

Nepal earthquake ShakeMap

According to "Did You Feel It?" (DYFI?) responses on the USGS website, the intensity in Kathmandu was IX (Violent).[1] Tremors were felt in the neighboring Indian states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, West Bengal, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat,[37] in the Indian capital region around New Delhi[38] and as far south as Karnataka.[39] Many buildings were brought down in Bihar. Minor cracks in the walls of houses were reported in Odisha. Minor quakes were registered as far as Kochi in the southern state of Kerala. The intensity in Patna was V (Moderate).[40] The intensity was IV (Light) in Dhaka, Bangladesh.[1] The earthquake was also experienced across southwestern China, ranging from the Tibet Autonomous Region to Chengdu, which is 1,900 km (1,200 mi) away from the epicenter.[41] Tremors were felt in Pakistan[42] and Bhutan.[1]

Aftershocks

Main article: List of aftershocks after the 2015 Nepal earthquake

A major aftershock of magnitude 6.7 Mw occurred on 26 April 2015 in the same region at 12:55 NST (07:09 UTC), with an epicenter located about 17 km (11 mi) south of Kodari, Nepal.[42][43] The aftershock caused fresh avalanches on Mount Everest and was felt in many places in northern India including Kolkata, Siliguri, Jalpaiguri and Assam.[44] The aftershock caused a landslide on the Koshi Highway which blocked the section of the road between Bhedetar and Mulghat.[45]

A model of GeoGateway, based on a United States Geological Survey mechanism of a near-horizontal fault as well as location of aftershocks showed that the fault was an 11° dip striking at 295°, 50 km (31 mi) wide, 150 km (93 mi) long, and had a dip slip of 3 m (9.8 ft).[46] The USGS says the aftershock on Sunday registered at a shallow depth of 10 km (6.2 mi).[44]

Assuming that this earthquake is the largest event in this seismic episode, Nepal can expect more than 30 aftershocks greater than magnitude 5 over the next month.[47] As of 1 May 2015, total 120 aftershocks have occured with different epicenters and magnitudes, of only above 4 magnitude.[48][49] The big aftershocks could persist in Nepal for years as the earthquakes are striking on the neighboring faults and could rupture in subsequent large earthquakes to release accumulated energy for hundreds of years in Himalaya.[50]

Immediate Aftermath

Casualties by country
Country Deaths Injuries Ref.
Nepal Nepal > 6,204
 > 13,932 [51][52]
India India 78 288 [53]
China China 25 383 [54]
Bangladesh Bangladesh 4 200 [55]
Total > 6,311 > 14,803
Foreign casualties in Nepal
Country Deaths Ref.
India India 7 [56]
China China 4 [57]
Italy Italy 4 [58]
United States United States 4 [59]
France France 3 [60]
Belgium Belgium 2 [61]
Germany Germany 2 [61]
Netherlands Netherlands 2 [61]
Australia Australia 1 [61][62]
Estonia Estonia 1 [63]
Hong Kong Hong Kong 1 [64]
Japan Japan 1 [65]
New Zealand New Zealand 1 [66]
United Kingdom United Kingdom 1 [67]
Total 34

Casualties

The earthquake killed at least 6,300 and injured more than twice as many, as of 30 April 2015,[i][51] Nepal's Prime Minister, Sushil Koirala, has said [68] that the number could reach 10,000.[69] Earthquake expert Max Wyss issued a predicted death toll of 57,700 based on earthquake intensity, housing construction type and population density.[70] The rural death toll may have been lower than expected as villagers were outdoors working during the time the quake hit.[71]

On 27 April, The Himalayan Times reported that as many as 20,000 foreign nationals may have been visiting Nepal at the time of the earthquake. As reports come in from isolated villages, it is possible that total deaths may reach or exceed the more than 10,000 killed in the 1934 earthquake.[72] Hundreds of people are still considered missing and more than 450,000 are displaced.[52]

As of 4:14 p.m. 27 April in India, Home Minister Rajnath Singh, confirmed that 56 people died in the state of Bihar, 12 in Uttar Pradesh, 3 in West Bengal and 1 in Rajasthan.[73]

Avalanches on Mount Everest

Main article: 2015 Mount Everest avalanches

This earthquake caused many avalanches on Mount Everest. At least 19 climbers, including Google executive Dan Fredinburg,[74] are dead, with dozens injured or missing.

Landslides in the Langtang Valley

In the Langtang valley located in Langtang National Park around 250 people are reported missing after a huge avalanche hit the village of Ghodatabela[75] and the village of Langtang. The avalanche is estimated to have been two to three kilometres wide. Ghodatabela is an area popular on the Langtang trekking route.[76] The village of Langtang may have been destroyed by the avalanche. Around 300 are estimated to have died in smaller settlements on the outskirts of Langtang that were buried during the earthquake such as Chyamki, Thangsyap, and Mundu. Twelve locals and two foreigners are believed have survived. Smaller landslides and occured in the Trishuli River Valley with reports of significant damage at Mailung, Simle, and Archale.[18][77][78][79]

Damage

The Dharahara before the earthquake

The Tribhuvan International Airport serving Kathmandu was closed immediately after the quake, but was re-opened later in the day for relief operations, with commercial flights planned to resume on April 26.[80] It has since shut down operations sporadically due to aftershocks,[81] and many workers are not at their posts, either from becoming earthquake casualties or because they are dealing with its aftereffects.[82]

Kathmandu Durbar Square before the earthquake

Buildings in Kathmandu Durbar Square, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, collapsed,[25] as did the Dharahara tower, built in 1832; the collapse of the latter structure killed at least 180 people,[83][84][85][86] Manakamana Temple in Gorkha was also destroyed. The northern side of Janaki Mandir has been reported to be damaged.[87] Several temples, including Kasthamandap, Panchtale temple, the nine-storey Basantapur Durbar, the Dasa Avtar temple and two dewals located behind the Shiva Parvati temple were demolished by the quake. Few other monuments, including the Kumari Temple and the Taleju Bhawani Temple, among others, have partially collapsed.[88]

The top of the Jay Bageshwori Temple in Gaushala and some parts of the Pashupatinath Temple, Swyambhunath, Boudhanath Stupa, Ratna Mandir, inside Rani Pokhari, and Durbar High School have been destroyed.[89] Telephone service in Kathmandu has been sporadic since the quake, as has electricity.[82]

In Patan, the Char Narayan Mandir, the statue of Yog Narendra Malla, a pati inside Patan Durbar Square, the Taleju Temple, the Hari Shanker, Uma Maheshwor Temple and the Machhindranath Temple in Bungmati were destroyed. In Tripureshwor, the Kal Mochan Ghat, a temple inspired by Mughal architecture, was completely destroyed and the nearby Tripura Sundari also suffered significant damage. In Bhaktapur, several monuments, including the Fasi Deva temple, the Chardham temple and the 17th century Vatsala Durga Temple, were fully or partially destroyed.[89]

Outside the Valley, the Manakamana Temple in Gorkha, the Gorkha Durbar, the Palanchowk Bhagwati, in Kavrepalanchowk District, the Rani Mahal in Palpa District, the Janaki Mandir in Janakpur, the Churiyamai in Makwanpur District, the Dolakha Bhimsensthan in Dolakha District, and the Nuwakot Durbar were partially destroyed.[89]

Historian Prushottam Lochan Shrestha stated, "We have lost most of the monuments that had been designated as World Heritage Sites in Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Lalitpur District, Nepal. They cannot be restored to their original states."[89]

Economic effects

Road damage in Nepal

Nepal, with a total Gross Domestic Product of USD$19.921 billion (according to a 2012 estimate),[90] is one of Asia's poorest countries, and has little ability to fund a major reconstruction effort on its own.[91] Even before the quake, the Asian Development Bank estimated that it would need to spend about four times more than it currently does annually on infrastructure through 2020 to attract investment.[91] The U.S. Geological Survey initially estimated economic losses from the temblor at 9 percent to 50 percent of gross domestic product, with a best guess of 35 percent. "It’s too hard for now to tell the extent of the damage and the effect on Nepal’s GDP", according to Hun Kim, an Asian Development Bank (ADB) official. The ADB said on the 28th that it would provide a USD$3 million grant to Nepal for immediate relief efforts, and up to USD$200 million for the first phase of rehabilitation.[91]

Building damage as a result of the earthquake

"This is a very catastrophic event in a very poor nation. The cost of reconstruction over the next few years will be massive. Rebuilding costs could easily exceed USD$5 billion, which would be about 20 percent of Nepal's gross domestic product. Massive international disaster relief and rescue efforts will be needed urgently, as well as large-scale international financial and technical assistance for long-term reconstruction of the economy." said Rajiv Biswas, chief Asia-Pacific economist at Colorado-based consultancy services IHS Inc.[91][92]

Coverage on social media

The earthquake has received extensive coverage on social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter. Close to 5 million tweets related to Nepal was published during the first three days following the disaster.[93] Official Nepal government social media profiles also have been used by the Nepal Police,[94][95] the Office of the Prime Minister of Nepal Prime Minister's Disaster Relief Fund[96] and the National Emergency Operation Centre.[97] A group of popular Nepalese accounts on social media have been constantly providing rescue and relief information to the world. The hashtag #NepalEarthquake is in popular use on Twitter,[98] and a subreddit on the website Reddit was also created.[99]

International aid

Main article: Humanitarian response to the 2015 Nepal earthquake

Being Nepal's immediate neighbour, India was the first to respond, with Operation Maitri, which provided rescue and relief by its armed forces within hours.[14][15][100] It also evacuated its own and other countries' stranded nationals.

On 26 April 2015, international aid agencies and governments mobilized to respond to the earthquake. However, they faced challenges in getting assistance to the country and distributing it amid the widespread devastation.[101] The global response was coordinated by the Nepalese government through its National Emergency Operation Center.[101] Relief efforts were hampered by congestion at Kathmandu's airport.

As of 29 April 2015, international aid agencies like Medecins Sans Frontieres and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies had landed emergency medical teams and aid in Nepal,[102][103] but they had struggled to fully identify the areas where they were needed, especially in the outlying areas accessible only by helicopter.[104]

UNICEF appealed for donations, as close to 1.7 million children had been driven out into the open, and were in desperate need of drinking water, temporary shelters, sanitation and protection from disease outbreak due to rotting dead bodies, as well as psychological counselingl as of 29 April 2015. It distributed water, tents, hygiene kits, water purification tablets and buckets.[105]

Summary of international relief efforts in Nepal and surrounding countries following the 2015 Nepal earthquake
Aid agency / Country Cash donation (USD) Humanitarian aid and supplies Other aid Source
Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders) Rapid intervention surgical kit with 11-member team left Kathmandu for Ghorka (200 km north-west) (61 staff deployed) Water and sanitation - makeshift camps - Tudikhel (Kathmandu), Bhaktapur (40 km east of Kathmandu), first-aid material to Bhaktapur hospital [102][104]
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies $535,664.55 emergency fund activated Volunteers (first-aid, search-&-rescue) Blood-bank supplies to areas in the capital [103]
 European Union $3.3 million Aid, first-response teams and civil-protection experts [106]
 Algeria $1 million 70 relief workers, medicines, and other supplies [107]
 Australia $4 million AUD$2.5 million to Australian NGOs; $2.0 million to UN partners; $500,000 to the Australian Red Cross. 2 humanitarian experts and a crisis-response team [108][109]
 Austria $835,000 Austrian Red Cross search-&-rescue staff [110]
 Azerbaijan 1 ton of medical supplies, tents, blankets and water (Ministry of Emergency Situations) [111]
 Bangladesh BAF Lockheed C-130B aircraft with 10 tonnes of relief materials - tents, dry food, water, blankets, etc. A 34-member team (6 military medical teams and foreign ministry officials) Stranded Bangladeshis airlifted. [112][113][114][115]
 Belgium $1 million Search-&-rescue teams [109]
 Bhutan $1 million 63 personnel medical team [116][117][118][119]
[120]
 Brunei 8 man relief team (2 doctors, 4 paramedics from the Royal Brunei Armed Forces (RBAF) and Brunei’s Gurkha Reserve Unit (GRU) [121]
 Canada $4.16 million; $832,000 to the Canadian Red Cross A Boeing C-17 with supplies - blankets, jerry-cans, kitchen sets, hygiene kits, and tarps 150 Canadian troops; a Disaster Assistance Response Team - 30 experts; pledges by humanitarian organizations; immigration assistance [122][123][124][125]
[126]
 China Tents, blankets, and generators; emergency response for citizens China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) - 268 members, 26 search-&-rescue dogs , 39 helicopters [127][128][129][130]
[131][132][133]
 Colombia Fundraising by the Colombian Red Cross Over 1,500 volunteers from national societies. Evacuation of citizens and aid (when needed) [134][135][136][137]
 Czech Republic $791,378 A Boeing 737 - blankets, medical supplies, water and food; and a special trauma team. 36 medical workers and 13 firefighters. Evacuated 54 Czechs and 48 EU citizens. [138][139][140]
 Denmark $744,000 Aid (TBD) [141]
 Estonia Fundraising 15 rescue workers and medics (could not land - airport congestion) [142][143][144]
 Finland $2.25 million, fundraising - Finnish Red Cross Medical and logistical supplies A Finnish Red Cross relief workers team [145][146][147]
 France Equipment and supplies Crisis centre at Foreign Ministry; a reinforcement team in New Delhi; 11 rescuers, (more help if needed) [148][149]
 Germany A mobile medical centre 52 relief workers team - physicians, searchers, dog squads; the German Federal Agency for Technical Relief (THW)'s Rapid Deployment Unit Water and Sanitation Abroad (SEEWA) [150][151][152]
 Greece Search-&-rescue teams [109]
 Hong Kong $6.45 million [153][154]
 India Material aid in Operation Maitri (as of Tuesday 28 April):

• hundreds of tons of food and dry rations
• 5,000 vials of insulin
• 3 tons of relief material
• 1 tons of blankets
• Several tons of stretchers, tents
• 2 tons of medical supplies
• over 100,000 water (non-bottled and bottled - Indian Railways)
• Helicopters - Mi-17, Cheetah, HAL Dhruv ALH
• Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)
• 8 member medical team
• 4 bed health camp (Lagankhel)
• Light vehicles
Evacuation of over 220,000 Indian by air and road

[155][156][157][158]
[159][160][161][162][163]
[164][165][166]
[167][168][169]
 Indonesia $2 million 2 Boeing 737-400s belonging to the Indonesian Armed Forces and Garuda Indonesia, flew with 6 tons of relief supplies - blankets, body bags, food, water
hospital and sleeping tents, medical equipment: and medicine
 66 personnel of SAR and Medical team [170][171]
 Iran An 80,000 pounds (36,000 kg) relief package (via India) [172][173][174]
 Israel Two El Al Boeing 747-400 jets carrying an IDF search-&-rescue team - medical elements & tons of equipmen - a field hospital (with premature-babies ward), cutters, electronic sniffers, generators, and lighting equipment. 264 person search-&-rescue team, including physicians; two El Al planes for evacuation [175][176][177]
 Italy $334,000 [178]
 Japan $8.4 million Emergency relief supplies worth US$210,000 70 experts - Foreign Ministry, the National Police Agency, and JICA, along with rescuers, search-&-rescue dog handlers, communication specialists, physicians, and field coordinators [109][179][180]
 Malaysia 20 doctors - Mercy Malaysia; 30-man rescue team - Special Malaysia Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team [181][182]
 Maldives Other aid (TBA) [183]
 Mexico Earthquake rescue brigade and engineers. [150][184][185]
 Monaco Other aid (TBA) [150]
 Netherlands $4.45 million 5 tons of relief supplies 62-man and 8-dog team; several physicians, nurses, and engineers [186]
 New Zealand $771,000 in humanitarian aid 45 urban search and rescue technicians [187]
 Norway $17.3 million [188]
 Pakistan Four Lockheed C-130 planes with a 30-bed hospital, 2,000 military meals, 600 blankets, 200 tents, and other assorted relief items Military emergency personnel including army doctors, medical staff, and the combined ERRA-NDMA's special search and rescue teams with sniffer dogs [189][190]
 Philippines Soldiers, Philippine Red Cross staff, and volunteers [191][192]
 Poland 81 firefighters of the State Fire Service, 12 search and rescue dogs, and 6 doctors of the Polish Center for International Aid [193][194]
 Qatar 2 aircraft with 60 tons of relief materials, such as food, medicines, power generators, and tents; 2 additional aircraft with 120 tons of relief materials, in addition to a field hospital provided by Qatari Red Crescent Aid operations [195]
 Russia Other aid (TBA) 50 highly skilled rescue workers [196]
 Singapore $100,000 55 members of the Singapore Civil Defence Force; officers from Singapore's police forces, including the Gurkha Contingent; another relief team .[109][197]
 Slovenia $55,000 [198][199][200]
 South Africa A search and rescue team composed of members of the South African Police Service with police dogs to aid in the rescue operation. [201]
 South Korea $1 million 40 search and rescue workers [202][203]
 Sri Lanka SLAF C-130 Hercules flight and SriLankan Airbus A330 flight with 17 tonnes of medicine, engineering, signal and ordnance equipment, supportive transport requirements, water bottles, health accessories, dry rations, and water purification tablets, etc. Groups of specialist physicians, other medical staff, and medicine; 44 military personnel and 4 medical consultants; a team of 156 persons, including 11 airmen, 4 medical consultants, and 14 sailors; 97 service personnel: 72 Army personnel, 14 Navy personnel, 11 Air Force personnel [204][205]
  Switzerland Experts, including a physician, a building surveyor, and a water quality technician [206]
 Sweden $1.5 million 60 search and rescue staff, along with dogs [207]
 Taiwan $300,000 Nepal rejected Taiwan's offer to send search and rescue teams due to "China factor". [208][209]
 Thailand $200,000 by government
$302,000 by the king 		Medics and rescue staff [210][211][212][213]
 Turkey Up to 65 search and rescue staff [214]
 United Arab Emirates $1.36 million Medical and food supplies, purchased from India 88 search and rescue staff [109][215]
 United Kingdom $23.14 million, of which $7.713 million was donated by the government and $7.713 million was donated by the public 30 tonnes of humanitarian aid and 11 tonnes of equipment

A team of 60 search and rescue responders and medical experts deployed by the Department for International Development; engineers from the British Army's Brigade of Gurkhas

[216][217][218]
[219]
 United States $10 million A disaster response team from USAID; Urban Search and Rescue Virginia Task Force 1 from Fairfax County, Virginia was deployed to Nepal from the Dover Air Force Base; Los Angeles County's Urban Search and Rescue California Task Force 2; U.S. Army Green Beret soldiers [220][221][222][223]
[224]

See also

buildings demolished by the earthquake

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "M7.8 – 29 km ESE of Lamjung, Nepal". United States Geological Survey. 25 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  2. ^ a b "Recent Earthquakes In Nepal". National Seismological Center.
  3. ^ a b "2015年4月25日尼泊尔8.1级地震情况通报（in Chinese）". China Earthquake Networks Center. 25 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  4. ^ "M6.6 - 49km E of Lamjung, Nepal".
  5. ^ a b "M6.7 - 17km S of Kodari, Nepal". usgs.gov.
  6. ^ "Nepal PM faces ire of quake victims". The Hindu. 29 April 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  7. ^ Nepalese Prime Minister says death toll could be 10,000, Reuters
  8. ^ The Assam Tribune Online
  9. ^ Cindy Tran; Liam Quinn (25 April 2015). "Desperate families of DOZENS of Australians unaccounted in the deadly Himalayan earthquake disaster take to social media with pleas for help finding their loved ones". Daily Mail. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  10. ^ Chidanand Rajghatta (26 April 2015). "Is this the 'Big Himalayan Quake' we feared?". The Times of India. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  11. ^ "What 1934 Told Nepal to Expect About the Next Big Quake".
  12. ^ "Timeline: Nepal 2015 to 1934, the worst quake disasters in the last 80 years". Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  13. ^ "Nepal earthquake: Eerie reminder of 1934 tragedy".
  14. ^ a b "Army Launches Operation Maitri" (Press release). New Delhi: Press Information Bureau, Govt. of India. Ministry of Defence. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  15. ^ a b "It took Modi minutes to help neighbouring Nepal after earthquake". Business Day Live. 25 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  16. ^ nytimes.com 2015-04-27 katmandu-nepal-fear-loss-and-devastation, nytimes.com; accessed 28 April 2015.
  17. ^ "First survivors of Mount Everest avalanche reach Kathmandu". Fox News. The Associated Press. 26 April 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  18. ^ a b "Up to 250 missing after avalanche hits Nepal trekking route". "Mail Online". Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  19. ^ "Nepal government declares three days of mourning after deadly quake". Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  20. ^ "Experts had warned for decades that Nepal was vulnerable to a killer quake". Washington Post. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  21. ^ Colin Stark (26 April 2015). "Nepal earthquake: 'A tragedy waiting to happen' - CNN.com". CNN. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  22. ^ "Earth Quake-hit Nepal at high risk of landslides in coming weeks". Free Press Journal.
  23. ^ "Still finding survivors".
  24. ^ a b Howard, Brian Clark (25 April 2015). "Nepal Earthquake Strikes One of Earth's Most Quake-Prone Areas". National Geographic. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  25. ^ a b "Powerful earthquake hits Nepal". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  26. ^ "1 Day, Magnitude 2.5+ Worldwide". Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  27. ^ Joel Achenbach (27 April 2015). "Kathmandu shifts three metres in 30 seconds". Sydney Morning Herald (Washington Post). Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  28. ^ Internet Desk. "Was this the big earthquake that was predicted in the Himalayas?". The Hindu. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  29. ^ "Experts had warned for decades that Nepal was vulnerable to a killer quake". Washington Post. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  30. ^ Amos, Jonathan (25 April 2015). "Why Nepal is so vulnerable to quakes". BBC. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  31. ^ "GEOLOGY OF NEPAL HIMALAYA". n.d. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  32. ^ a b "General Geology". Government of Nepal. 2014. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  33. ^ Josh Fischman. "How The Deadly Nepal Earthquake Happened [GRAPHIC]". scientificamerican.com. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  34. ^ Mughier J.L., Huyghe P., Gajurel A.P., Upreti B.N. & Jouanne F.; Huyghe; Gajurel; Upreti; Jouanne (2011). "Seismites in the Kathmandu basin and seismic hazard in central Himalaya" (PDF). Tectonophysics. 509 (1–2): 33–49. Bibcode:2011Tectp.509...33M. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2011.05.012. Retrieved 28 April 2015.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  35. ^ L. Bollinger, S. N. Sapkota, P. Tapponnier, Y. Klinger, M. Rizza, J. Van der Woerd, D. R. Tiwari, R. Pandey, A. Bitri, S. Bes de Berc (2014). "Return period of great Himalayan earthquakes in Eastern Nepal: evidence from the Patu and Bardibas strands of the Main Frontal Thrust". Journal of Geophysical Research. doi:10.1002/2014JB010970.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  36. ^ "Nepal quake 'followed historic pattern'". BBC. 27 April 2015.
  37. ^ "Andhra Pradesh earthquake update: Aftershocks of Nepal Earthquake felt in Visakhapatnam, Godavari and Srikakulam districts". Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  38. ^ "Tremors felt in Delhi, Metro services briefly disrupted".
  39. ^ "In pics: 5,500 killed, more than 1/4th of Nepal's population affected after horrific earthquake".
  40. ^ "Massive 7.9 Earthquake jolts Bihar, North India and Nepal". news.biharprabha.com. 25 April 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  41. ^ 尼泊尔8.1级地震致中国西藏震感强烈有房屋倒塌 (in Chinese). China News. 25 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  42. ^ a b Kim Hjelmgaard (26 April 2015). "Nepal hit by major aftershock as search for quake survivors intensifies". USA Today. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  43. ^ "Fresh Tremors in North India, Including Delhi, a Day After Nepal Earthquake". NDTV. 26 April 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  44. ^ a b "LIVE: Death toll rises to 2200 in Nepal earthquake, India resumes rescue ops". The Indian Express. 26 April 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  45. ^ "Koshi Highway obstructed". ekantipur.com. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  46. ^ "IRIS: Special Event: Nepal". iris.edu.
  47. ^ "Major earthquake hits Nepal". Nature News & Comment. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  48. ^ "98 large scale aftershocks in 72 hours".
  49. ^ "Over 100 Aftershocks Since Saturday Strike Fear in Nepal".
  50. ^ "Big Aftershocks In Nepal Could Persist For Years".
  51. ^ a b Nepal PM faces ire of quake victims, The Hindu, April 29, 2015
  52. ^ a b "National Emergency Operation Centre". National Emergency Operation Centre. 01 May 2015. Retrieved 01 May 2015. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  53. ^ "Nepal earthquake: India rescues more foreign nationals under 'Operation Maitri'". Zee News. 29 April 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  54. ^ "25 dead, 117 injured in Tibet following Nepal earthquake". Xinhua. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  55. ^ "4 killed, 18 Bangladesh districts affected in earthquake, says govt". Bdnews24.com. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  56. ^ The Assam Tribune Online
  57. ^ "Nepal earthquake: International aid effort increased". BBC News. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  58. ^ "terremoto Nepal". Emergenza24. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  59. ^ "The fourth American confirmed to have died was Vinh B Truong, who had been enjoying a hiking holiday when the tragedy happened; death toll soars past 5,000". Daily Mail. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  60. ^ "Séisme au Népal: "Forte présomption" sur la mort d'un troisième français" (in French). 20 minutes. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  61. ^ a b c d "#Annapurna circuit".
  62. ^ "Nepal earthquake: Melbourne woman Renu Fotedar killed". The Sydney Morning Herald. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  63. ^
  64. ^ "Hong Kong resident confirmed dead in Nepal earthquake as 15 more remain missing". SCMP. 28 April 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  65. ^ "Nepal earthquake death toll expected to rise sharply - live updates". The Guardian. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  66. ^ Andrea Vance & Rosanna Price (28 April 2015). "One Kiwi dead after Nepal earthquake". Staff. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  67. ^ "Nepal quake: Foreign Office confirms a British national died in the disaster". 29 April 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  68. ^ "Timeline: Nepal 2015 to 1934, the worst quake disasters in the last 80 years". Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  69. ^ "LIVE Nepal Earthquake Update: Death Toll Crosses 5000, Over 5600 Indians Evacuated". SkyMet Weather. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  70. ^ Dire Prospects Seen When the Full Nepal Earthquake Death Toll is Tallied, New York Times, Andrew C. Revkin, April 29, 2015
  71. ^ The Latest on Nepal: In Ravaged Hamlets, Lives Were Spared, U.S. News and World Reports, April 29, 2015
  72. ^ "90 Britons missing as Nepal earthquake death toll rises". The Himalayan Times via RT. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  73. ^ "Fresh tremor jolts Bengal, death toll in India rises to 72". The Hindi BusinessLine. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  74. ^ Los Angeles Times (26 April 2015). "Google employee killed in avalanche was 'adventure activist,' friends say". latimes.com. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  75. ^ Daigle, Katy (28 April 2015). "250 people feared missing after mudslide in Nepal village". Daily News. Daily News. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  76. ^ Dr Dave (29 April 2015). "Landslides in Langtang during and after the Nepal earthquake". AGU Blogosphere. AGU Blogosphere. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  77. ^ "British archeologist 'terrified' after narrowly escaping death in Nepalese earthquake". Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  78. ^ Dennis, Kopp (15 May 2013). "Langtang Trek – to Langtang Village". See the World in my Eye Blog. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  79. ^ "Landslides in Langtang during and after the Nepal earthquake". Rappler.com. Agence France-Presse. 29 April 2015. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  80. ^ "Kathmandu airport shut, flights to resume from Sunday". ABP Live. 25 April 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  81. ^ "Quake agony revealed quietly on trip from Nepal airport". Washington Post. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  82. ^ a b "In earthquake's deadly aftermath, Nepalis grieve the loss of their sacred landmarks". Washington Post. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  83. ^ "Historic Tower Collapses In Nepal Earthquake". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  84. ^ Deepak Nagpal (25 April 2015). "LIVE: Two major quakes rattle Nepal; historic Dharahara Tower collapses, deaths reported in India". Zee News. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  85. ^ "Historic Dharahara tower collapses in Kathmandu after earthquake". 25 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  86. ^ "180 bodies retrieved from debris of Nepal's historic tower". Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  87. ^ "Nearly 700 killed after 7.9-magnitude earthquake strikes Nepal". RT. 25 April 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  88. ^ nytimes.com 2015-04-25 Before and After the Earthquake in Nepal Photographs
  89. ^ a b c d "Historical monuments lost forever". The Nation. 26 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  90. ^ "Nepal Economy Devastated Following Earthquake". PrimePair. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  91. ^ a b c d "Nepal's Slowing Economy Set for Freefall Without Global Help". Bloomberg Business. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  92. ^ "The Latest on Nepal Quake: Aid arriving as deaths top 4,000". times-herald.com. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  93. ^ "#NepalEarthquake - how to rescue, volunteer, donate & support". TechSansar.com. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  94. ^ "Nepal Police Headquarters in Facebook". Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  95. ^ "Nepal Police Headquarters in Twitter".
  96. ^ "Prime Minister's Disaster Relief Fund".
  97. ^ "EarthquakeNepal-MoHA National Emergency Operation Centre".
  98. ^ "NepalEarthquake - how to rescue, volunteer, donate & support".
  99. ^ "/r/NepalEarthquake - Subreddit covering 2015 Nepal Earthquake".
  100. ^ Bhardwaj, Mayank, Dutta, Ratnajyoti (28 April 2015). "China? India? We're grateful for their help: Nepal's ambassador to India". Reuters. Retrieved 30 April 2015.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  101. ^ a b Mark Scott. "Nepal Earthquake Poses Challenge to International Aid Agencies". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  102. ^ a b "Nepal - 28/29 April 2015". Medecins Sans Frontieres (Doctors Without Borders). Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  103. ^ a b 25 April 2015. "Red Cross volunteers in action following 7.8 magnitude earthquake in Nepal". International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Retrieved 30 April 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  104. ^ a b Sifferlin, Alexandra (28 April 2015). "Medics Race Against Time to Save Nepal's Quake Survivors". TIME. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  105. ^ "29 April 2015 - Nepal Earthquake: New appeal for children amid growing need- UNICEF". UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund). Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  106. ^ 30 April 2015. "EU Commissioner Stylianides to arrive in Nepal". Kantipur. Retrieved 30 April 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  107. ^ "Algeria sends rescuers, drugs to quake-hit Nepal". Xinhua News Agency (via Global Post). 26 April 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  108. ^ "Earthquake in Nepal". Minister for Foreign Affairs. 26 April 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  109. ^ a b c d e f Balachandran, Manu (26 April 2015). "Indian helicopters, Israeli hospitals and Malaysian medics: How the world is coming to Nepal's aid". Quartz. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  110. ^ "Werner Faymann: "Regierung beschließt Nepal-Hilfe von 750.000 Euro"". Bundeskanzleramt (in German). 28 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  111. ^ "Azerbaijan sends humanitarian aid to Nepal". Azerbaijan State Telegraph Agency. 30 April 2015. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  112. ^ "Biman flight returns to Dhaka failing to get landing clearance in earthquake- ravaged Kathmandu". The Daily Star. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  113. ^ "Bangladesh to help Nepal in wake of devastating earthquake". bdnews24.com. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  114. ^ "BD Air Force aircraft reaches Nepal with relief materials". UNB News. 26 April 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  115. ^ "Bangladesh sends aid for Nepali earthquake victims". BDMilitary. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  116. ^ Kuensel Online (27 April 2015). "(Untitled)". Facebook. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  117. ^ Tobgay, Tshering (27 April 2015). "(Untitled)". Facebook. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  118. ^ "DeSuups loading supplies on special flight bound for Nepal. His Majesty has commanded 54-member medical team to assist in rescue and relief". Twitter.com.
  119. ^ "Earthquake: Everything is fine in Bhutan, says minister". OneIndia. 25 April 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  120. ^ "Bhutan to dispatch medical team to Nepal". Kuensel Online. 25 April 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  121. ^ Aaron Wong (29 April 2015). "Brunei sends relief contingent to Nepal". The Brunei Times. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  122. ^ "Nepal Earthquake Kills More than 1,900 people". CBC.
  123. ^ "Nepal earthquake: 2,500 dead as aftershocks terrify survivors". CBC. 26 April 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  124. ^ "Nepal earthquake: a roundup of relief efforts". Toronto Star. 26 April 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  125. ^ "Canada will match contributions to Nepal earthquake relief fund". Canadian Press (via CP24). 27 April 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  126. ^ "Canada sends military transport to deliver aid to Nepal". Global Post. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  127. ^ "Nepal Earthquake: India and China Send Rescue Teams to Himalayan Nation". The Wall Street Journal. 26 April 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  128. ^ "Chinese rescue team to depart for shaken, devastated Nepal". CCTV. 25 April 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  129. ^ 中国国际救援队出发 尼泊尔驻华大使感叹患难之交. CRI (in Chinese). 26 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  130. ^ 中国国际救援队飞赴尼泊尔震区 精选6条搜救犬. CCTV (in Chinese). 26 April 2015.
  131. ^ "China offers 20 mln yuan in humanitarian aid to quake-hit Nepal". Xinhua. 26 April 2015.
  132. ^ "China prepares relief supplies for quake-hit Nepal". Xinhua. 25 April 2015.
  133. ^ 中国第二轮援助尼泊尔灾区4000万物资. Sina (in Chinese). 28 April 2015.
  134. ^ "Santos se solidarizó con víctimas de la tragedia en Nepal" (in Spanish).
  135. ^ "Cruz Roja habilita cuentas para donación - ELESPECTADOR.COM". ElEspectador. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  136. ^ "Comunicado #4 La Cruz Roja llama a la solidaridad de los colombianos para ayudar a los damnificados del Terremoto en Nepal". cruzrojacolombiana.org. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  137. ^ "Colombia está lista para brindar ayuda humanitaria a Nepal: UNGRD". rcnradio.com. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  138. ^ "Czech Republic will help Nepal (in Czech)". Government of the Czech Republic. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  139. ^ "Czech medical team to help earthquake victims in Nepal". The Prague Post. 28 April 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  140. ^ "Czech authorities establish contact with all Czechs in Nepal". Radio Prague. 29 April 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  141. ^ "Denmark sends aid to Nepal after earthquake". The Local. 26 April 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  142. ^ "Eesti ja Soome päästemeeskond ei lenda Nepali" (in Estonian). Postimees. 28 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  143. ^ "Eesti päästemeeskonna juht: lootus peab alati säilima, muidu me ei läheks sinna". Uudised (in Estonian). 27 April 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  144. ^ Lakson, Piret (29 April 2015). "Eesti päästemeeskonna juht tõdes, et varustuse pakkimisel tehti vigu" (in Estonian). Postimees. Retrieved 29 April 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  145. ^ "The Finnish Red Cross kicks off campaigns for earthquake victims in Nepal". YLE. 26 April 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  146. ^ "Red Cross logistical unit gets green light for Nepal trip". YLE. 30 April 2015. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  147. ^ "Suomi lahjoittaa kaksi miljoonaa euroa Nepaliin". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). 28 April 2015. Retrieved 30 April 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  148. ^ "Népal - Tremblement de terre (25 avril 2015)". France Diplomatie (in French). 25 April 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  149. ^ "Népal - Tremblement de terre - Déclaration de Laurent Fabius". France Diplomatie (in French). 26 April 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  150. ^ a b c "Turkey's AFAD and international aid organizations rush to Nepal after devastating earthquake". Daily Sabah Asia Pacific. 25 April 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  151. ^ "Germany, France sending rescue teams, emergency relief to quake-hit Nepal". 680 News. 26 April 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  152. ^ "Erdbeben in Nepal: THW entsendet Voraus- und SEEWA-Team". thw.de (in German). Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  153. ^ "CE expresses deepest sympathies for Nepal earthquake victims". info.gov.hk. 26 April 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  154. ^ "HKSARG to provide relief and financial assistance for quake victims in Nepal". info.gov.hk. 26 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  155. ^ "India sends 10 NDRF Teams for Relief and Rescue Operation in Nepal". Bihar Prabha.
  156. ^ "Nepal Earthquake: Major Aftershock Hits Kathmandu as Toll Climbs". NBC News.
  157. ^ "Nepal earthquake: Relief, rescue operations as they happened on Monday". Zee News.
  158. ^ "Nepal quake: India launches 'Operation Maitri', airlifts many". Hindustan Times.
  159. ^ "Live: Kathmandu airport reopens for rescue ops, Nepal quake death toll rises to 2263". FirstPost.
  160. ^ "Operation Maitri: India launches massive relief and rescue efforts in Nepal". DNA India.
  161. ^ "Nepal quake: Indian Railway provides one lakh 'rail neer' bottles as relief". DNA India.
  162. ^ "Operation Maitri in full swing". The Telegraph.
  163. ^ "Operation Maitri in Full Swing to Pull Nepal Out of Rubble". The New Indian Express.
  164. ^ "Nepal earthquake: Rescue, relief work as they happened on Tuesday". Zee News.
  165. ^ "#IndiaWithNepal 8 Tonnes of Baby food and skimmed milk, 6 Tonnes of Medicines, 2 Tonnes of biscuits in other material". Vikas Swarup, official spokesperson, Ministry of External Affairs, on Twitter.
  166. ^ "#IndiaWithNepal More materials for rescue and relief efforts today: 2 Engineering Task Forces, 100 Personnel, 55 tonnes of drinking water". Vikas Swarup, official spokesperson, Ministry of External Affairs, on Twitter.
  167. ^ "Live: India's help was like extending blank cheque, says Nepal; earthquake death toll at 5,057". FirstPost.com.
  168. ^ "India evacuates 170 foreigners from Nepal". DNA India.
  169. ^ "India evacuates 170 foreign nationals from Nepal". The Times of India.
  170. ^ "Indonesia Kirim Tim SAR dan Medis ke Nepal".
  171. ^ "Indonesia kirim bantuan 6 ton ke Nepal".
  172. ^ "اعلام مراتب تسلیت جمعیت هلال احمر ایران به دولت و مردم نپال/ آمادگی هلال احمر ایران برای انجام عملیات پاسخگویی به حادثه و کمک به زلزله زدگان نپالی" (in Persian). Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  173. ^ "Iran Red Crescent ready to send relief to Nepal". Islamic Republic News Agency. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  174. ^ "40 tons humanitarian relief supplies ready to dispatch to Nepal". Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  175. ^ "Search and rescue team to depart shortly from Israel to region; will include doctors". Jerusalem Post. 25 April 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  176. ^ "Rescuers on 2 El Al jets heading for Nepal Sunday". Arutz Sheva. 25 April 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  177. ^ "IAF plane brings babies born in quake-struck Nepal to Israel". Jerusalem Post. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  178. ^ "Leaders, charities offer condolences, help after Nepal quake". The IFP.ca. 25 April 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
  179. ^ "Japan Starts Emergency Assistance to Nepal over the Great Earthquake". Poverist. 25 April 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
  180. ^ "Emergency Grant Aid to Nepal for the Earthquake Damage". Poverist. 29 April 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2014.
  181. ^ Azura Abas (26 April 2015). "Malaysia ready to help Nepal, says Anifah". New Straits Times. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  182. ^ "Malaysia to send doctors, rescuers to Nepal: PM Najib". Channel News Asia. 26 April 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  183. ^ "IGMH Group gives USD 10,000 disaster aid to Nepal". HaveeruOnline. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  184. ^ "Estas son las formas en que puedes ayudar a Nepal desde México" (in Spanish). CNNMéxico. Turner Broadcasting System. 27 April 2015. Archived from the original on 28 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  185. ^ "Topos de Tlatelolco apoyarán en labores de rescate en Nepal" (in Spanish). Excélsior. Excélsior. 27 April 2015. Archived from the original on 28 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  186. ^ "Dutch rescue team to aid Nepal earthquake response". NL Times. 26 April 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  187. ^ Rilkoff, Matt. "Strong 6.7 aftershock rocks Nepal". Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  188. ^ "Regjeringen bidrar med ytterligere 100 millioner kroner til Nepal". Regjeringen (in Norwegian). 28 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  189. ^ "Nepal earthquake: Rescue effort intensifies". BBC. 26 April 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  190. ^ "Nepal earthquake kills 1,341 people while climbers 'run for their lives' after avalanche on Everest". The Telegraph. 25 April 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  191. ^ "Aquino: Nepal is not alone after deadly quake". philstar.com. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  192. ^ Mabasa, Roy (27 April 2015). "DFA to help 2 Pinoys on Everest as Nepal quake toll nears 2,000". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  193. ^ "Polscy strażacy polecieli z pomocą do Nepalu". TVN24 (in Polish). 25 April 2015.
  194. ^ "Trzęsienie ziemi w Nepalu. Polacy pomogą w akcji ratunkowej". Polskie Radio (in Polish). 26 April 2015.
  195. ^ "Qatar supplies aid to earthquake victims in Nepal". Gulf Times. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  196. ^ "Russia's Emergencies Ministry offers aid to Nepal in eliminating aftermaths of earthquake". TASS. 25 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  197. ^ "Singapore prepares to send 55-man search-and-rescue team to Nepal". The Straits Times. 25 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  198. ^ "Slovenija Nepalu namenila 50 tisoč evrov pomoči" (in Slovene). 29 April 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  199. ^ "Government to Give EUR 50,000 to Quake-Stricken Nepal". STA. 29 April 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  200. ^ "Government to Give EUR 50,000 to Quake-Stricken Nepal". The Slovenia Times. 29 April 2015. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  201. ^ Magubane, Khulekani (28 April 2015). "South African police to assist with search-and-rescue efforts in Nepal". TimesLive. RDM News Wire, Business Day. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  202. ^ "정부 "네팔에 100만달러 지원…한국인 부상자 3명으로 늘어"(종합2보)" (in Korean). 26 April 2015.
  203. ^ "S. Korea to send 40-member relief team to quake-hit Nepal". 27 April 2015.
  204. ^ "Sri Lanka to send emergency relief to Nepal". 25 April 2015.
  205. ^ "Sri Lanka sends second flight with service personnel and supplies to Nepal". 29 April 2015.
  206. ^ "No time to lose: Global response to Nepal quake gears up". Kentucky Lexington Herald-Leader. 26 April 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  207. ^ "Devastating 7.9-magnitude quake strikes Nepal, India LIVE UPDATES". Russia Today. 26 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  208. ^ "Taiwan donates $300,000 to Nepal in wake of massive quake". Taiwan News. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  209. ^ Nepal Rejects Taiwanese Offer of Rescue Help, but Accepts Medical Aid
  210. ^ 'ในหลวง-ราชินี'พระราชทาน เงิน 10 ล้านช่วยชาวเนปาล - เดลินิวส์
  211. ^ น้ำใจไทยไม่แพ้ใคร! 'บิ๊กตู่' จัดเต็ม ส่งทีมแพทย์-บรรเทาทุกข์ ช่วยชาวเนปาล Template:Th icon
  212. ^ บิ๊กตู่สั่งสธ.-กองทัพส่งความช่วยเหลือให้เนปาล - โพสต์ทูเดย์ ข่าว Template:Th icon
  213. ^ รวมรายชื่อหน่วยงานเปิดรับบริจาค ช่วยแผ่นดินไหวเนปาล Template:Th icon
  214. ^ "More than 1,800 killed in Nepal earthquake". AA. 26 April 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  215. ^ "UAE aid to Nepal earthquake victims". The National UAE. 26 April 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  216. ^ "Nepal earthquake: RAF aid flight prepares to leave Brize Norton". BBC. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  217. ^ "Nepal earthquake: UK aid donations reach £15m". BBC. 29 April 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  218. ^ "UK humanitarian aid released for Nepal earthquake victims". GOV.UK. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  219. ^ "British Army Gurkha engineers to fly to Nepal earthquake zone". The Telegraph. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  220. ^ "Nepal earthquake: US to send disaster response team and m in aid". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  221. ^ "Fairfax Fire/Rescue on Twitter". Twitter.
  222. ^ $10 Million: The Latest On U.S. Aid To Nepal Talk Radio News Service; April 28, 2015
  223. ^ "The Latest on Nepal Quake: US Soldiers Stay in Nepal to Help". The New York Times. 26 April 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  224. ^ "US sends $10 mn in Nepal quake aid". Yahoo News. 27 April 2015.

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Note: Officially, Dead - 6000 + , Injured - 13,827, Damaged Houses - 284,911 (10,147+13,888+138,182+122,694), Homeless - Not filled up. Data as of 30 April 2015 19:15 hrs. Source: National Emergency Operation Centre (Nepal Govt.) np en
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2015 Nepal earthquake.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=April_2015_Nepal_earthquake&oldid=660266983"