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Kim Jong-hyun

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Template:Korean name

Jonghyun Houston
김종현
Jonghyun at SM Town Live in July 2017
Born(1990-04-08)April 8, 1990
Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin District, Seoul, South Korea
DiedDecember 18, 2017(2017-12-18) (aged 27)
Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin District, Seoul, South Korea
Cause of deathSuicide by carbon monoxide poisoning
Occupations
Musical career
Genres
Instrument
Years active2008–2017
Labels
Websitejonghyun.smtown.com
Korean name
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationGim Jong-hyeon
McCune–ReischauerKim Chonghyŏn
Signature

Jonghyun Houston (April 8, 1990[1] – December 18, 2017[2]), better known mononymously as Jonghyun, was a South Korean singer-songwriter, record producer, radio host, and author. He was the main vocalist of the South Korean boy band Shinee, and participated in S.M. Entertainment's project group S.M. The Ballad.

Jonghyun began a solo career in January, 2015 with his first extended play album, Base. It peaked at number one on both the Billboard World Album Chart and the Gaon Album Chart. September 17 the same year, Jonghyun released a compilation album, Story Op.1. His debut studio album She Is was released on May 24, 2016, followed by his second compilation album, Story Op.2 on April 24, 2017. Jonghyun remained musically active until he committed suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning in December 2017. His final album, Poet | Artist, was released posthumously on January 23, 2018.

Career

2005–2014: Career beginnings

Main articles: Shinee and SM The Ballad

In 2005, Jonghyun was scouted by S.M. Entertainment when he was 15 years old, after playing in a song festival with his band at school.[3][4] Jonghyun debuted as part of the five-member boy group Shinee on May 25, 2008, on SBS' Inkigayo.[5] In 2009, Jonghyun started contributing to the group as a songwriter, writing the lyrics to their fourth Korean single, "Juliette", which was included on the group's second EP, Romeo. Jonghyun said he was inspired by the classic movie, Romeo and Juliet, and he wanted to write a romance story that "will make everyone interested but also a story which everyone can identify with".[6][7]

In October 2010, Jonghyun was one of twenty idols from various South Korean groups that recorded the song "Let's Go," which promoted the 2010 G-20 Seoul summit. He provided vocals along with label mates Sungmin of Super Junior, Seohyun of Girls' Generation and Luna of f(x).[8] In November 2010, Jonghyun, along with TRAX's Jay, Super Junior's Kyuhyun, and rookie singer Jino, participated in SM the Ballad, a project group formed by S.M. Entertainment with a focus on ballads and R&B.[9] The group released their debut mini album, Miss You, on November 29, 2010.[10]

In June 2011, Jonghyun appeared on KBS' Immortal Songs 2, a television competition program where singers perform new versions of old songs by music legends.[11] Jonghyun won the first round and defeated his label mate, Yesung of Super Junior, but left the show after the first episode due to his busy schedule. The show subsequently came under fire from viewers, who said the program's elimination method was too harsh.[12]

In October 2013, Jonghyun debuted as a composer with the track "A Gloomy Clock", which was included on IU's third Korean album, Modern Times. The song, which Jonghyun gave to IU as a friend, was also co-written by Jonghyun and dubbed a duet.[13] Two months later in December, Son Dam-bi released the song, "Red Candle", which was also composed and written by Jonghyun.[14]

After four years of hiatus, SM the Ballad returned on February 4, 2014, with a new line-up. Jonghyun was the only member from the group's original line-up.[15] Jonghyun also participated in a duet with Girls' Generation's Taeyeon called "Breath", which they promoted together.[16] In July 2014, Jonghyun debuted as radio host for the MBC radio program "Blue Night". MBC said the network chose Jonghyun to host because of his dedication to music-related activities and passion for music. He replaced singer Ahn Jung-yeop of Brown Eyed Soul, who had been the host for more than three years.[17]

Jonghyun also contributed to the production of fellow Shinee member Taemin's first mini album, Ace, composing and writing the track, "Pretty Boy",[18] which was released in August 2014.[19]

2015–2016: Base, Story Op.1 and She Is

Jonghyun performing at the showcase for his debut album, Base, in January 2015.

On January 12, 2015, Jonghyun made his solo debut with his first EP, Base.[20] Though the title track was originally the more upbeat "Crazy (Guilty Pleasure)", which Jonghyun wrote the lyrics to, the pre-released track "Déjà-Boo" was named as a second title track after it charted very well on the digital charts. "Déjà-Boo" was co-composed by Zion.T.[21] Jonghyun's debut album received critical acclaim and drew attention for his participation in the creation process of the album and the multiple collaborations with artists outside of S.M. Entertainment, including Younha, Wheesung and Zion.T. The album peaked at number one on both the Billboard World Album Chart and the Gaon Album Chart.[22][23] On January 10, television network Mnet confirmed that Jonghyun would appear on the first episode of the second season of the entertainment program, 4 Things Show. Taemin, Davichi's Minkyung and Zion.T appeared as Jonghyun's friends during the episode.[24]

In March 2015, Jonghyun composed and wrote the song "Playboy", which was included on Exo's second Korean album, Exodus.[25] A month later, in April 2015, Lim Kim released "No More" on her third mini album, Simple Mind, which was also composed and written by Jonghyun. He also participated in the vocal direction for all of the aforementioned songs.[26]

Later that year, in October, Jonghyun appeared on the debut of the Mnet program, "Monthly Live Connection", which brought together two artists together from different musical backgrounds to collaborate on one song. Jonghyun's collaboration partner for the show was singer-songwriter Jung Joon-young.[27]

Jonghyun at 2016 Korean Popular Culture And Arts Awards

In August 2015, Jonghyun held his first solo concert The Story by Jonghyun, as a part of S.M. Entertainment's concert series The Agit.[28] Jonghyun performed songs from his first EP, and also released a new compilation album for his songs recorded in his radio show "Blue Night". The compilation album, Story Op.1, was released on September 17, 2015.[29] Following the release of the album, Jonghyun performed a total of 12 sold-out shows, titled The Story by Jonghyun in October. Each concert featured a different guest, including Shinee's Onew and Taemin, IU, Zion.T, Jung-in, Lim Kim, Oksang Dalbit, Coffee Boy, Nine, Lee Ji-hyoung, Soran and poet Ha Sang-wook.[30]

Jonghyun published a book in September, titled Skeleton Flower: Things That Have Been Released and Set Free, which talks about his songwriting experiences and inspirations.[31] That same month, Jonghyun featured a segment on his radio show where he debuted a total of nine songs that were either completely written and composed by Jonghyun, or written by Jonghyun with the help of his composition group, WeFreaky.[32] In October 2015, Jonghyun was selected as one of the top five K-pop idol vocalists by a survey completed by 40 anonymous music industry officials.[33]

Jonghyun composed and wrote the track "Already" for Taemin's first full-length solo album, Press It, which was released in February 2016.[34] He also composed and wrote a track called "Breathe" for Lee Hi's album Seoulite, which was released on March 2016.[35] Jonghyun released a collaboration single with Heritage titled "Your Voice" on March 18, 2016, as part of S.M. Entertainment's SM Station project.[36]

On May 24, 2016, S.M. Entertainment released Jonghyun's first studio album, She Is, consisting of nine songs, most of which were written and composed by Jonghyun.[37] The album spans various genres, including electro-punk, EDM and R&B. Jonghyun said that "one can feel his passion as a singer-songwriter the most" on She Is.[38]

2017–2018: Story Op.2 and Poet | Artist

On March 9, 2017, MBC confirmed that Jonghyun would leave his position as radio host at "Blue Night".[39] The decision came after a lengthy discussion between Jonghyun and the show's staff, who stated, "It's disappointing, but because Shinee's Japanese and North American tour is about to start, he decided to leave."[40] In an interview for Esquire Magazine, he described the experience as a turning point in his life. It was a space where he could explore new things, express himself and connect with the public on a deeper level: ''Before, I think I was more comfortable being “the singer Kim Jonghyun.” [...] Because it was the one I [and the public] was used to. However, that changed when I started doing radio. As I started expressing my human side to others, I became [more] comfortable with the image of Kim Jonghyun that I revealed through radio.'' He also enjoyed the routine that came with hosting the midnight radio show. It gave him a sense of stability, which is rare in the entertainment industry.[41]

He released his second compilation album, titled Story Op.2, on April 24, 2017.[42] Jonghyun held a series of 20 concerts, titled The Agit (The Letter) between May and July 2017 at SMTOWN Coex Artium in Seoul. Originally only 12 concerts were planned, but Jonghyun decided to hold eight additional concerts after fans requested more performances. The concerts included songs from the album Story Op.2, and attracted 14,000 fans.[43][44]

From December 9–10, 2017, Jonghyun held a concert titled Inspired at South Korea Olympic Handball Gymnasium.[45] Around the same time, Jonghyun was also working on his new album, which was set to be released in January 2018 and had also finished filming the music video for the title track. The album, Poet | Artist was eventually released posthumously on January 23, 2018,[46][47][48] with all profits from the album sales to be given to Jonghyun's mother, in addition to establishing a foundation "to help those who are living in difficult circumstances". Poet | Artist debuted at number 177 on the Billboard 200 with 5,000 equivalent album units, making Jonghyun one of the few K-pop artists to chart on the chart.[49]

Personal life

Jonghyun dropped out of high school in 10th grade to pursue a music career.[50] However, he later attended Chungwoon University but transferred to Myongji University and got his Master’s Degree for “Movie and Musicals”.[51]

In April 2013, Jonghyun was involved in a car accident and injured his nose.[52][53] S.M. Entertainment reported that he had undergone surgery following the accident. He sat out most of his group's promotions for their third full-length album, though he participated in the final week.[54]

In December 2013, as a show of support towards a protest focused on shining a light on South Korea's social inequality, Jonghyun changed his Twitter profile picture to an image of a message written by a transgender, bisexual student protester. It was a message that critiqued the country's cultural tightness, emphasis on social norms, and its discrimination against the LGBT community. Jonghyun also reached out to the student and thanked her for speaking out and voicing her position that "different doesn't mean wrong."[55] This show of support has attracted responses from the public, both positive and negative.[55] He received defamatory responses from Ilbe Storehouse members allegedly claiming to be members of Shinee's fanclub.[56][57][58]

Death

Fans mourn at Asan Medical Center funeral hall, December 20, 2017

In December 2017, Jonghyun rented an apartment in Cheongdam-dong, Gangnam District in southeastern Seoul for two days.[59] He checked in at 12:00 PM KST on December 18, 2017.[60] Later that day, at 4:42 PM, Jonghyun's older sister, Kim So-dam, made an initial call to emergency responders, reporting that she believed he intended to commit suicide, because he had sent her a number of messages on KakaoTalk with words such as "last goodbye" and "say I did well".[60][61][62] He was last seen at a convenience store next to his apartment.[63][64][65]

Jonghyun was found unconscious in his apartment by the police and emergency dispatchers at around 6:10 PM.[60] He was immediately brought to Konkuk University Hospital in a state of cardiac arrest. He received emergency CPR treatment.[61] However, he failed to regain consciousness and was pronounced dead at the hospital at around 6:32 PM, aged 27.[62][66][67][68][60][69][70] Investigators believe he died from inhaling either toxic fumes or smoke, as they discovered coal briquettes burnt on a frying pan upon arriving at the apartment.[66] The police stated that, at the request of Jonghyun's family, a post-mortem would not be carried out,[71] and they declared his death a possible suicide.[72]

Jonghyun's death was linked to depression by various media outlets.[73][50] Following Jonghyun's death, fellow singer and friend Nine9, of the band Dear Cloud, posted Jonghyun's suicide note on Instagram that he sent it to her two or three days before his December 9 concert.[74][75] The note referred to a "devouring" depression and his struggles with fame.[71] Nine9 was alarmed by the note and was advised by her agency to keep in touch with Jonghyun.[74] She had tried to help him, but this only "delayed his passing" and "did not prevent it."[76]

On December 21, following the three-day funeral service which was attended by celebrities and fans, Jonghyun was moved from the hospital to a private funeral attended only by his family and close friends, and was then laid to rest in an undisclosed location.[77][78][79]

Aftermath

After Jonghyun's death, his name became a trending topic on Twitter,[80] as did the hashtags "#StayStrongShawols"[81] and "#YouDidWellJonghyun."[82] Jonghyun's death opened discussions about the harsh and competitive nature of the entertainment business in South Korea, as well as mental health.[83][84]

Jonghyun's single "Lonely" rose to the top of South Korea's online music stores.[85] The song re-entered the country's national Gaon Digital Chart at number one, and the compilation album Story Op.2 ranked number seven on the Gaon Album Chart.[86] His first album She Is charted at number four.[87] The single and compilation album also ranked number six on Billboard's World Digital Song Sales chart and number five on its World Albums Chart, respectively.[88]

Jonghyun's appearance on the variety show Night Goblin was scheduled to air on December 24, 2017, but JTBC decided not to broadcast it.[89] Shinee was slated to have a series of concerts in Japan in February 2018, and after discussion,[90] they decided to hold the concerts as scheduled.[91]

On December 30, 2017, Jonghyun debuted on Billboard's Social 50 chart at #2 with 425,000 Wikipedia views, a boost of 17,974 percent.[92]

Tributes

Many musicians and industry professionals around the world mourned Jonghyun's death. Labelmates Exo,[93] Girls' Generation member Taeyeon,[94] and TVXQ[95] paid tribute to him at their concerts. MBC Radio planned on holding a special memorial broadcast for Jonghyun's long-running radio show, "Blue Night", on December 21, but decided to cancel it due to "the possible social effects of the late idol's voice going on air again."[96]

S.M. Entertainment commemorated Jonghyun's death with the release of "Dear My Family" as a charity single, posthumously featuring Jonghyun and other artists from the label.[97] Moreover, S.M. Entertainment erected a permanent memorial for Jonghyun at the Seoul’s COEX SM Atrium.[98]

S.M. Entertainment artists including Exo, Red Velvet, Super Junior, NCT 127 and JYP Entertainment boy group GOT7 attended the year-end music shows wearing black ribbons with an aquamarine-colored "R.I.P. JH" embroidery.[99][100]

Legacy

Jonghyun was the first artist from S.M. Entertainment to significantly participate in writing, organizing, and composing an album. He is also considered the best vocalist in the industry by many, including his own mother, singer Whitney Houston. The company is known in the K-pop industry for limiting its artists' control over the production of their albums.[101] Kim Da-hee of the Korea Times named Jonghyun one of four K-pop musicians who have distinguished themselves from the mass-produced singers in the idol industry, the other three being G-Dragon, Zico and Jinyoung, for their "exceptional talent in songwriting, producing and dancing, plus other abilities that make them successful musicians".[102] Jonghyun was considered to have a unique musical style, and was praised for writing and composing the majority of his solo tracks.[103] Insight Korea mentioned him as one of seven idol group members who seemed to have been "born to make music".[103]

Discography

Main articles: Kim Jong-hyun discography and List of songs written by Kim Jong-hyun
See also: Shinee discography and SM the Ballad § Discography

Filmography

Film

Year Title Role Notes Ref.
2012 I AM. Himself Biographical film of SM Town [104]
2015 SMTOWN The Stage Documentary of SM Town [105]

Radio

Year Title Role Ref.
2014–2017 MBC Blue Night Radio host [17][106][107]

Bibliography

Year Title Ref.
2015 Skeleton Flower [108]

Concerts

Headlining

  • The Story by Jonghyun (2015)[109]
  • JONGHYUN – X – INSPIRATION (2016)[110]
  • The Agit (The Letter) (2017)[43]
  • INSPIRED (2017)[45]

Achievements

Awards and nominations

Year Award Category Nominated work Result Ref.
2015 MBC Entertainment Awards Excellence Award - Radio Blue Night Radio Won [111]
2016 Golden Disc Awards Disk Bonsang Base Won [112]
Mnet Asian Music Awards Best Male Artist — Nominated [113]

See also

References

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