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Demographics of Portugal

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Historical population
YearPop.±%
1422 1,043,274—    
1527 1,262,376+21.0%
1636 1,100,000−12.9%
1736 2,143,368+94.9%
1770 2,850,444+33.0%
1776 3,352,310+17.6%
1801 2,931,930−12.5%
1811 2,876,602−1.9%
1838 3,200,000+11.2%
1849 3,411,454+6.6%
1864 4,188,419+22.8%
1878 4,550,699+8.6%
1890 5,049,729+11.0%
1900 5,423,132+7.4%
1911 5,969,056+10.1%
1920 6,032,991+1.1%
1930 6,825,883+13.1%
1940 7,722,152+13.1%
1950 8,510,240+10.2%
1960 8,851,240+4.0%
1970 8,648,369−2.3%
1981 9,833,041+13.7%
1991 9,862,540+0.3%
2001 10,356,117+5.0%
2011 10,562,178+2.0%
2017* 10,291,027−2.6%
Source: INE 2011[1][2][3] *Estimate

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Portugal, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

In 2010 Portugal had 10,572,721 inhabitants.

Portugal is a fairly linguistically and religiously homogeneous country. Ethnically, the Portuguese people are mainly a combination of ancient paleolithic populations, and the proto-Celtic, Celtic and Iberian tribes, para-Celtic Lusitanians. Some other groups, like the Romans, Germanic (Visigoths, Suevi, Buri, Alans and Vandals) and later the Moorish (Berber), Sephardic Jewish, and the French also passed through the country.

Today, Ukrainians, Moldovans, Romanians, Russians, Bulgarians, Brazilians, and Venezuelans form the major foreign communities in the country. Members of PALOP countries (Portuguese-speaking African countries) are also immigrants and form communities in the country..[4] Portuguese is spoken throughout the country, with only the villages of Miranda do Douro's Mirandese language recognised as a locally co-official language.

Vital statistics since 1900

Portugal population 1961–2003, Number of inhabitants in thousands, (2005 Data from FAO)
Population density of Portugal, per km2:
  0–49
  50–99
  100–299
  300–599
  600+
[5][6][7][8] Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Fertility rates
1900 5,410,000 165 245 110 330 54 915 30.5 20.3 10.2
1901 5,460,000 170 773 114 130 56 643 31.3 20.9 10.4
1902 5,490,000 176 029 108 378 67 651 32.0 19.7 12.4
1903 5,560,000 183 138 111 685 71 453 33.0 20.1 12.8
1904 5,600,000 176 726 105 572 71 154 31.6 18.9 12.7
1905 5,660,000 179 746 112 756 66 990 31.8 20.0 11.8
1906 5,690,000 182 920 125 243 57 677 32.1 22.0 10.2
1907 5,730,000 176 417 113 254 63 163 30.7 19.7 11.0
1908 5,790,000 175 268 115 876 59 392 30.3 20.0 10.2
1909 5,850,000 174 753 112 421 62 332 29.9 19.2 10.8
1910 5,890,000 186 953 113 161 73 792 31.7 19.2 12.6
1911 5,960,000 230 033 130 900 99 133 38.6 22.0 16.6
1912 5,960,000 207 870 119 578 88 292 34.9 20.1 14.8
1913 5,970,000 193 906 123 054 70 852 32.5 20.6 11.9
1914 5,980,000 188 479 115 526 72 953 31.5 19.3 12.0
1915 5,990,000 195 225 122 513 72 712 32.6 20.5 12.0
1916 6,000,000 192 780 129 389 63 391 32.1 21.6 10.7
1917 6,000,000 188 391 134 082 54 309 31.4 22.3 9.0
1918 6,020,000 178 687 248 978 -70 291 29.7 41.4 -11.6
1919 6,020,000 166 162 152 856 13 306 27.6 25.4 2.2
1920 6,040,000 202 908 142 862 60 046 33.6 23.7 9.9
1921 6,070,000 197 022 126 316 70 706 32.4 20.8 11.7
1922 6,170,000 203 727 125 747 77 980 33.1 20.4 12.6
1923 6,240,000 207 172 141 775 65 397 33.2 22.7 10.4
1924 6,310,000 207 440 126 052 81 388 32.8 20.0 12.8
1925 6,370,000 208 434 117 413 91 021 32.6 18.4 14.3
1926 6,470,000 214 633 127 959 86 674 33.5 19.8 13.8
1927 6,550,000 199 399 123 382 76 017 31.0 18.8 12.2
1928 6,620,000 211 314 124 088 87 226 31.9 18.7 13.1
1929 6,720,000 200 874 118 824 82 050 29.9 17.7 12.2
1930 6,804,000 202 529 116 352 86 177 29.7 17.1 12.8
1931 6,860,000 204 120 115 225 88 895 29.7 16.8 13.0
1932 6,968,000 208 062 118 895 89 167 29.9 17.1 12.8
1933 7,057,000 204 315 120 996 83 319 28.9 17.2 11.8
1934 7,147,000 203 158 118 539 84 619 28.4 16.6 11.8
1935 7,237,000 203 943 123 051 80 892 28.2 17.0 11.2
1936 7,326,000 205 615 119 003 86 612 28.1 16.2 11.8
1937 7,416,000 198 217 117 291 80 926 26.7 15.8 10.9
1938 7,506,000 199 467 115 331 84 136 26.6 15.4 11.2
1939 7,595,000 198 888 116 075 82 813 26.2 15.3 10.9
1940 7,696,000 187 892 120 486 67 406 24.4 15.7 8.8
1941 7,750,000 184 336 134 937 49 399 23.8 17.4 6.4
1942 7,810,000 187 503 126 531 60 972 24.0 16.1 7.8
1943 7,890,000 198 101 121 887 76 214 25.1 15.3 9.7
1944 7,960,000 201 373 119 275 82 098 25.3 14.8 10.3
1945 8,040,000 209 131 115 596 93 535 26.0 14.2 11.6
1946 8,100,000 205 825 120 800 85 025 25.4 14.9 10.5
1947 8,180,000 200 488 110 437 90 051 24.5 13.5 11.0
1948 8,262,000 220 981 107 576 113 405 26.7 13.0 13.7
1949 8,333,000 212 260 117 499 94 761 25.5 14.1 11.4
1950 8,405,000 205 163 102 798 102 365 24.4 12.2 12.2
1951 8,459,000 207 870 105 473 102 397 24.6 12.5 12.1
1952 8,496,000 211 213 100 486 110 727 24.9 11.8 13.0
1953 8,534,000 202 135 97 460 104 675 23.7 11.4 12.3
1954 8,570,000 197 536 95 088 102 448 23.0 11.1 12.0
1955 8,610,000 209 790 99 472 110 318 24.4 11.6 12.8
1956 8,647,000 202 667 106 919 95 748 23.4 12.4 11.1
1957 8,680,000 211 494 101 784 109 710 24.4 11.7 12.6
1958 8,725,000 212 467 91 891 120 576 24.4 10.5 13.8
1959 8,826,000 213 062 97 754 115 308 24.3 11.1 13.1
1960 8,865,000 213 895 95 007 118 888 23.9 10.6 13.3 3.01
1961 8,929,000 217 516 99 590 117 926 24.3 11.1 13.2 3.18
1962 8,994,000 220 200 96 864 123 336 24.4 10.7 13.7 3.21
1963 9,031,000 212 152 98 011 114 141 23.4 10.8 12.6 3.08
1964 9,034,000 217 136 96 878 120 258 23.8 10.6 13.2 3.15
1965 8,999,000 210 299 95 187 115 112 23.0 10.4 12.6 3.08
1966 8,931,000 206 940 100 088 106 852 22.7 11.0 11.7 3.05
1967 8,875,000 202 061 95 816 106 245 22.2 10.5 11.7 3.00
1968 8,837,000 194 962 94 661 100 301 21.4 10.4 11.0 2.90
1969 8,758,000 189 739 101 088 88 651 20.9 11.1 9.7 2.85
1970 8,663,000 180 690 93 093 87 597 20.4 10.5 9.9 2.76
1971 8,624,000 181 243 98 688 82 555 21.0 11.4 9.6 2.80
1972 8,637,000 174 685 90 315 84 370 20.2 10.5 9.8 2.70
1973 8,630,000 172 324 95 435 76 889 20.0 11.1 8.9 2.66
1974 8,879,000 171 979 96 928 75 051 19.6 11.1 8.6 2.60
1975 9,308,000 179 648 97 936 81 712 19.8 10.8 9.0 2.52
1976 9,404,000 186 712 102 027 84 685 20.0 10.9 9.1 2.57
1977 9,508,000 181 064 96 111 84 953 19.2 10.2 9.0 2.46
1978 9,609,000 167 467 96 194 71 273 17.5 10.1 7.5 2.23
1979 9,714,000 160 311 92 732 67 579 16.6 9.6 7.0 2.11
1980 9,819,000 158 352 94 971 63 381 16.2 9.7 6.5 2.19
1981 9,884,000 152 102 95 892 56 210 15.4 9.7 5.7 2.14
1982 9,940,000 151 029 92 551 58 478 15.3 9.4 5.9 2.20
1983 9,976,000 144 327 96 367 47 960 14.6 9.7 4.9 1.97
1984 10,017,000 142 805 97 227 45 578 14.4 9.8 4.6 1.94
1985 10,031,000 130 492 97 339 33 153 13.2 9.8 3.3 1.80
1986 10,035,000 126 748 95 828 30 920 12.7 9.6 3.1 1.66
1987 10,025,000 123 218 95 423 27 795 12.3 9.5 2.8 1.61
1988 10,014,000 122 121 98 236 23 885 12.3 9.9 2.4 1.60
1989 9,996,000 118 560 96 220 22 340 11.9 9.7 2.2 1.53
1990 9,983,000 116 383 103 115 13 268 11.8 10.4 1.3 1.51
1991 9,950,000 116 415 104 361 12 054 11.7 10.5 1.2 1.43
1992 9,955,000 115 018 101 161 13 857 11.5 10.2 1.4 1.49
1993 9,974,000 114 030 106 384 7 646 11.4 10.7 0.8 1.54
1994 10,009,000 109 287 99 621 9 666 10.9 10.0 1.0 1.42
1995 10,044,000 107 184 103 939 3 245 10.7 10.4 0.3 1.37
1996 10,084,000 110 363 107 259 3 104 11.0 10.7 0.3 1.45
1997 10,134,000 113 047 105 157 7 890 11.2 10.4 0.8 1.48
1998 10,187,000 113 510 106 574 6 936 11.2 10.5 0.7 1.48
1999 10,249,000 116 038 108 268 7 770 11.4 10.7 0.8 1.49
2000 10,331,000 120 071 105 813 14 258 11.8 10.4 1.4 1.57
2001 10,395,000 112 825 105 582 7 243 11.0 10.3 0.7 1.45
2002 10,445,000 114 456 106 690 7 766 11.0 10.3 0.7 1.47
2003 10,473,000 112 589 109 148 3 441 10.8 10.5 0.3 1.44
2004 10,495,000 109 356 102 371 6 985 10.4 9.7 0.7 1.40
2005 10,512,000 109 457 107 839 1 618 10.4 10.2 0.2 1.40
2006 10,533,000 105 514 102 362 3 152 10.0 9.7 0.3 1.36
2007 10,553,000 102 567 103 888 -1 321 9.7 9.8 -0.1 1.33
2008 10,563,000 104 594 104 280 314 9.8 9.8 0.0 1.37
2009 10,573,000 99 491 104 434 -4 943 9.4 9.8 -0.4 1.32
2010 10,573,000 101 381 105 954 -4 573 9.5 10.0 -0.5 1.37
2011 10,542,000 97 000 102 500 -5 500 9.2 9.7 -0.5 1.30[9]
2012 10,487,000 90 026 107 598 -17 572 8.5 10.2 -1.7 1.28[10]
2013 10,427,000 82 787 106 543 -23 756 7.9 10.2 -2.3 1.21
2014 10,375,000 82 367 104 790 -22 423 7.9 10.1 -2.2 1.23
2015 10,341,000 85 500 108 511 -23 011 8.2 10.5 -2.3 1.30
2016 10,309,000 87 126 110 535 -23 409 8.5 10.7 -2.2 1.36
2017 10,291,000 86 154 109 586 -23 432 8.4 10.7 -2.3 1.37

Natural increase current

[11]

  • Number of births for January-March 2017 = Decrease 20,545
  • Number of births for January-March 2018 = Decrease 20,195
  • Number of deaths for January-March 2017 = Positive decrease 32,526
  • Number of deaths for January-March 2018 = Negative increase 33,851
  • Natural growth for January-March 2017 = Decrease -11,981
  • Natural growth for January-March 2018 = Decrease -13,656

Urban organization

Metropolitan areas and agglomerations

As of 2001 Census, Portugal had two significant agglomerations: Lisbon Metropolitan Region (3.34 million inhabitants) and Northern Littoral Urban-Metropolitan Region (or Porto Metropolitan Agglomeration) with 2.99 million people, the later with a polycentric nature.[12] These broader agglomerations are distinct from the political metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Porto – Grande Área Metropolitana de Lisboa (2,8 million) and Grande Área Metropolitana do Porto (1,8 million). Together they hold 43% of the total population.

Image City Metropolitan area Subregion Core municipality
Lisbon 2,815,851[12] 2,042,326 545,245
Porto 1,758,531[12] 1,401,805 237,559

Largest urban areas

When considering the number of inhabitants in consistent single urban areas, de facto cities in mainland Portugal, per the new with increased density of human-created structures, and excluding suburban and rural areas, Portugal has two cities with about one million inhabitants each (Lisbon and Porto), ten others with more than 50,000 inhabitants and 14 cities with populations between 20,000 and 40,000 inhabitants.[12]

Note: the following table does not include cities in the Portuguese islands of Madeira and Azores in mid-Atlantic Ocean.

City Metropolitan Area Agglomeration
Cities with about 50,000 inh. (2001 Census)
Leiria
Amora Lisbon Metropolitan Region
Portimão
Faro
Évora
Cities with about 40,000 inh. (2001 Census)
Viana do Castelo
Covilhã
Castelo Branco
Santarém Lisbon Metropolitan Region
Alverca do Ribatejo Lisbon Metropolitan Region
Vila Nova de Famalicão Northern Littoral Urban-Metropolitan Region
Figueira da Foz
Guarda
Caldas da Rainha Lisbon Metropolitan Region
Olhão
Santo Tirso Greater Porto Northern Littoral Urban-Metropolitan Region
Vila Real
Póvoa de Santa Iria Greater Lisbon Lisbon Metropolitan Region

Largest cities

Portugal has 151 localities with city status (cidade). Every city is included into a municipality (município). This is a list of population by city, which means that it refers to the number of inhabitants in the city proper, excluding inhabitants from the same municipality but living outside the urban area of the city in other civil parishes (freguesias) of the municipality. In some cases, the entire municipality and the city proper cover the same territory.[13]

Rank City name Population Metropolitan area Subregion
1 Lisbon 547,631 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon Grande Lisboa
2 Porto 237,584 Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto Grande Porto
3 Vila Nova de Gaia 186,503 Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto Grande Porto
4 Amadora 175,135 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon Grande Lisboa
5 Braga 143,532 Greater Metropolitan Area of Minho Cávado
6 Funchal 111,892 Madeira
7 Coimbra 102,455 Greater Metropolitan Area of Coimbra Baixo Mondego
8 Setúbal 90,640 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon Península de Setúbal
9 Almada 89,533 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon Península de Setúbal
10 Agualva-Cacém 79,805 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon Grande Lisboa
11 Queluz 75,179 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon Grande Lisboa
12 Guimarães 66,912 Ave
13 Viseu 66,143 Dão-Lafões
14 Rio Tinto 64,815 Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto Grande Porto
15 Aveiro 61,752 Baixo Vouga
16 Odivelas 59,559 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon Grande Lisboa
17 Matosinhos 49,486 Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto Grande Porto
18 Amora 48,629 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon Península de Setúbal
19 Ponta Delgada 46,102 Açores
20 Portimão 45,431 Algarve
21 Faro 44,099 Algarve
22 Leiria 42,745 Pinhal Litoral
23 Póvoa de Varzim 42,396 Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto Grande Porto
24 Évora 41,159 Alentejo Central
25 Barreiro 40,859 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon Península de Setúbal
26 Maia 40,134 Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto Grande Porto
27 Ermesinde 38,798 Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto Grande Porto
28 Viana do Castelo 38,045 Minho-Lima
29 Covilhã 36,226 Cova da Beira
30 Castelo Branco 35,242 Beira Interior Sul

Largest municipalities by population

The 20 most and the 20 least populated municipalities of Portugal. The metropolitan areas of Lisbon, Porto, Minho and Coimbra are visible.

Denotes the number of inhabitants in the municipality area; area is in km2; only for populations of over 100,000 inhabitants.

Rank Municipality Population Land Area Density Metropolitan area
1 Lisbon 547,631 84.8 6,458 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
2 Sintra 377,837 319.2 1,184 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
3 Vila Nova de Gaia 302,296 170.8 1,770 Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto
4 Porto 237,584 41.3 5,753 Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto
5 Cascais 206,429 97.4 2,119 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
6 Loures 205,054 169.3 1,211 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
7 Braga 181,474 183.2 991
9 Matosinhos 175,478 62.2 2,821 Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto
9 Amadora 175,135 23.8 7,359 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
10 Almada 174,030 70.0 2,486 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
11 Oeiras 172,120 45.7 3,766 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
12 Gondomar 168,027 133.3 1,261 Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto
13 Seixal 158,269 95.5 1,657 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
14 Guimarães 158,124 241.3 655
15 Odivelas 144,549 26.4 5,475 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
16 Coimbra 143,396 319.0 450
17 Santa Maria da Feira 139,312 215.1 648 Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto
18 Vila Franca de Xira 136,886 317.7 431 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
19 Maia 135,306 83.7 1,617 Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto
20 Vila Nova de Famalicão 133,832 201.7 664
21 Leiria 126,879 564.7 225
22 Setúbal 121,185 171.9 705 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
23 Barcelos 120,391 378.9 318
24 Funchal 111,892 75.7 1,478

People

Main article: Portuguese people

Nationality

noun: Portuguese (singular and plural)
adjective: Portuguese

Languages

Main article: Portuguese language

The main language is Portuguese. Mirandês (the Mirandese language), is also recognised, and has special protection in the area of Miranda do Douro.

Immigration

Main article: Immigration to Portugal
Foreign-born naturalised citizens in Portugal by 2001.

In 1992, 1.3% of the population was foreign, by 2007 the number had grown to 4.1% or 435,736 people[14].

Since the independence of the former African colonies, Portugal saw a steady immigration from Africa, most notably Cape Verde, Angola and Guinea-Bissau, but also São Tomé and Príncipe, Mozambique and former Portuguese India in Asia.

Portugal saw migration waves due to labor shortages since 1999, first from Eastern Europe (1999–2002), in two distinctive groups, a Slav (Ukraine, Russia and Bulgaria) and an East Latin (Romania and Moldavia), that stopped and started declining as the labour market became saturated.

Since 2003, most of the immigrants came from Brazil, China and the Indian subcontinent. Family reunification was seen as important for a successful integration in the country, thus the government eased it, and in 2006, more than 6 in 10 new immigrants were family members of legal foreign residents in the country.[15]

There is also a significant number of elderly Western European residents in search of quality of life, namely from France, German, the Netherlands and United Kingdom.

The 20 largest legal immigrant communities in 2007 compared with their numbers in 1999
* : European Union citizenship
Country of origin Number in 1999 Number in 2007 Growth in percentage
 Brazil 20,851 66,354 + 218%
 Cape Verde 43,951 63,925 + 45%
 Ukraine 123 39,480 + 31998%
 Angola 17,721 32,728 + 85%
 Guinea-Bissau 14,217 23,733 + 67%
 United Kingdom 13,335 23,608 + 77%
 Romania 224 19,155 + 8451%
 Spain 11,122 18,030 + 62%
 Germany 9,605 15,498 + 61%
 Moldova 3 14,053 + 468333%
 São Tomé and Príncipe 4,809 10,627 + 121%
 France 6,499 10,556 + 62%
 China 2,762 10,448 + 278%
 United States 7,975 8,264 + 4%
 Netherlands 3,675 6,589 + 79%
 Italy 2,700 5,985 + 122%
 Mozambique 4,502 5,681 + 26%
 Russia 448 5,114 + 1042%
 Bulgaria 347 5,028 + 1349%
 India 1,211 4,104 + 239%

In 2008, SEF, the foreigners and borders bureau, started using a new integrated information system, incompatible with previous statistics. The foreign population grew 1% from 435,736 in 2007 to 440,277. One in four immigrants is Brazilian.[16]

Immigrants
Country of origin Number in 2011
 Angola 162,604
 Brazil 139 703
 France 94,484
 Mozambique 73,084
 Cape Verde 61 953
 Ukraine 33,172
 Guinea-Bissau 29,578
 Germany 28,000
Nationality appliance
Previous nationality Number in 2008
 Cape Verde 9,926
 Brazil 8,391
 United Kingdom 4,589
 Angola 4,463
 Moldova 4,449

Ethnic minorities and persons with disabilities

See also: Immigration to Portugal and Racism in Portugal

Anti-racism laws prohibit and penalize racial discrimination in housing, business, and health services. In 2007 approximately 332,137 legal immigrants live in the country, representing approximately 5% of the population. The country also has a resident Romani (Gypsy) population of approximately 40,000 people.

Discrimination against persons with disabilities in employment, education, access to health care, or the provision of other state services is illegal. The law mandates access to public buildings and to newly built private buildings for such persons.

Religion

Main article: Religion in Portugal
Religions in Portugal (Census 2011 [pt])[17]
Catholicism
 
 81.0%
Other Christianity
 
 3.3%
Others
 
 0.6%
No Religion
 
 6.8%
Undeclared
 
 8.3%

The great majority of the Portuguese population belongs to the Roman Catholic Church. Religious observance remains strong in northern areas, with the population of Lisbon and southern areas generally less devout and strongly anticlerical. Religious minorities include a little over 300,000 Protestants and Mormons. There are also about 50,000 Muslims and 10,000 Hindus. Most of them came from Goa, a former Portuguese colony on the west coast of India (Some Muslims also came from former two Portuguese African colonies with important Muslim minorities: Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique). There are also about 1,000 Jews. Portugal is also home to less than 10,000 Buddhists, mostly Chinese from Macau and a few Indians from Goa.

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.62%
male: 99.55%
female: 99.63% (2015)[18]

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Age structure

0–14 years: 16.1% (male 906,062/female 831,992)
15–64 years: 65.7% (male 3,548,140/female 3,538,562). The biggest population age group is 35–39.
65 years and over: 18.1% (male 800,339/female 1,156,361) (2012 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.09 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Infant mortality rate

Year Deaths/1,000 live births
2000 5.5
2001 5.0
2002 5.0
2003 4.1
2004 3.8
2005 3.5
2006 3.3
2007 3.4
2008 3.3
2009 3.6
2010 2.5
2011
2012 4.6

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 81.1 years
male: 78.2 years
female: 83.9 years (2016[19])

See also

References

  1. ^ Nuno Valério (coord.), Estatísticas Históricas Portuguesas, Vol. I, pp. 33, 37 e 51. INE, 2001. (PDF: 4,18 MB)
  2. ^ INE, CENSOS 2001 Resultados Definitivos, Informação à Comunicação Social, 21 October 2002.
  3. ^ INE, Estimativas de População Residente, Portugal, NUTS II, NUTS III e Municípios – 2006, Informação à Comunicação Social, 3 August 2007.
  4. ^ "Portugal Ethnic Groups | Study.com". Study.com. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  5. ^ B.R. Mitchell. European historical statistics, 1750–1975.
  6. ^ "United Nations. Demographic Yearbook 1948" (PDF). Unstats.un.org. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  7. ^ "Statistics Portugal". Ine.pt. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  8. ^ "PORDATA – População residente: total e por sexo". Pordata.pt. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  9. ^ "2011 WORLD POPULATION DATA SHEET" (PDF). Prb.org. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  10. ^ "2012 – Negative birth rate decreases further – Portugal – Portuguese American Journal". Portuguese-american-journal.com. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  11. ^ "Monthly Statistical Bulletin". Instituto Nacional de Estatística. Statistics Portugal. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  12. ^ a b c d Fernando Nunes da Silva (2005), Alta Velocidade em Portugal, Desenvolvimento Regional, CENSUR, IST Archived 24 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ UMA POPULAÇÃO QUE SE URBANIZA, Uma avaliação recente – Cidades, 2004 Archived 6 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine Nuno Pires Soares, Instituto Geográfico Português (Geographic Institute of Portugal)
  14. ^ População Estrangeira em Território Nacional (pdf) (in Portuguese), SEF, 2008, retrieved 12 September 2008
  15. ^ Imigração: Novos imigrantes legais em Portugal aumentaram 50% em 2006 – OCDE Archived 10 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine – RTP.pt
  16. ^ Um em cada quatro imigrantes é de nacionalidade brasileira – Diário de Notícias
  17. ^ "Census – Final results : Portugal – 2011". Statistics Portugal. 20 November 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  18. ^ "Portugal". Uis.unesco.org. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  19. ^ "Life Expectancy in Portugal". Worldlifeexpectancy.com. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
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