Tammy Baldwin

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Tammy Baldwin
United States Senator
from Wisconsin
Assumed office
January 3, 2013
Serving with Ron Johnson
Preceded byHerb Kohl
Secretary of the Senate Democratic Conference
Assumed office
January 3, 2017
LeaderChuck Schumer
Preceded byPatty Murray
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Wisconsin's 2nd district
In office
January 3, 1999 – January 3, 2013
Preceded byScott Klug
Succeeded byMark Pocan
Member of the Wisconsin State Assembly
from the 78th district
In office
January 3, 1993 – January 3, 1999
Preceded byDavid Clarenbach
Succeeded byMark Pocan
Personal details
Born
Tammy Suzanne Green Baldwin

(1962-02-11) February 11, 1962 (age 62)
Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
EducationSmith College (BA)
University of Wisconsin–Madison (JD)
WebsiteSenate website

Tammy Suzanne Green Baldwin (born February 11, 1962) is an American politician serving as the junior United States Senator from Wisconsin since 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, she previously served three terms in the Wisconsin Assembly, representing the 78th district, and from 1999 to 2013 represented Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives.

As a gay woman, Baldwin has made history several times through her electoral success. In 1998, she became the first woman elected to represent Wisconsin in Congress,[1] and the first openly gay woman elected to Congress and the first openly LGBT non-incumbent elected to Congress. In 2012, Baldwin became the first openly gay person elected to the United States Senate and the first openly LGBT person elected to the United States Senate.[2][3]

Baldwin defeated her Republican opponent, former Wisconsin Governor Tommy Thompson, in the 2012 United States Senate election in Wisconsin. She was reelected in 2018 by a landslide, defeating Republican nominee Leah Vukmir.

Early life, education and early political career

Baldwin was born and grew up in Madison, Wisconsin. Baldwin's mother, who died in 2017, was 19 and going through a divorce when Baldwin was born. Baldwin was raised by her grandparents and spent Saturdays with her mother, who suffered from mental illness and opioid addiction.[4] Her maternal grandfather, biochemist David E. Green, was Jewish (the son of immigrants from Russia and Germany), and her maternal grandmother, who was Anglican, was English-born.[5] Baldwin's aunt is biochemist Rowena Green Matthews; through her maternal grandfather, Baldwin is a third cousin of comedian Andy Samberg.[6][7]

Baldwin graduated from Madison West High School in 1980 as the class valedictorian. She earned a B.A. degree from Smith College in 1984 and a J.D. degree from the University of Wisconsin Law School in 1989.[8] She was a lawyer in private practice from 1989 to 1992.[9]

Baldwin was first elected to political office in 1986 at the age of 24 when she was elected to the Dane County Board of Supervisors, a position she held until 1994.[10] She also served one year on the Madison City Council to fill a vacancy in the coterminous district.[11]

Wisconsin Assembly (1993–1999)

Elections

In 1992, Baldwin ran to represent Wisconsin's 78th Assembly District. She won the Democratic primary with 43% of the vote.[12] In the general election, Baldwin defeated Mary Kay Baum (Labor and Farm Party nominee) and Patricia Hevenor (Republican Party nominee) by a vote of 59%-23%-17%.[13] She was one of just six openly gay political candidates nationwide to win a general election in 1992.[14]

In 1994, Baldwin won reelection to a second term with 76% of the vote.[15] In 1996, she won reelection to a third term with 71% of the vote.[16]

Tenure

Baldwin was the first openly lesbian member of the Wisconsin Assembly and one of a very few openly gay politicians in the country at the time. In 1993, Baldwin said she was disappointed by Democratic President Bill Clinton's support of the military's "don't ask, don't tell" policy.[17] In early 1994, she proposed legalizing same-sex marriage in Wisconsin.[18][19] In 1995, she proposed domestic partnerships in Wisconsin.[20]

Baldwin opposes capital punishment in Wisconsin.[21]

Committee assignments

  • Criminal Justice Committee[22]
  • Education Committee (Chair)[23]

U.S. House of Representatives (1999–2013)

Baldwin presiding over the House while serving as Speaker Pro Tempore

Elections

In 1998, U.S. Congressman Scott Klug of the 2nd District, based in Madison, announced he would retire, prompting Baldwin to run for the seat. She won the Democratic primary with a plurality of 37% of the vote.[24] In the general election, she defeated Republican nominee Josephine Musser 53%-47%.[25]

Baldwin was the first woman elected to Congress from Wisconsin. She was also the first openly gay person elected to the House of Representatives, and the first open lesbian elected to Congress.[2][3]

In 2000, Baldwin won reelection to a second term, defeating Republican John Sharpless 51%-49%, a difference of 8,902 votes. While she lost eight of the district's nine counties, she carried the largest, Dane County, with 55 percent of the vote—enough to give her the victory.[26]

After the 2000 census, the 2nd District was made significantly more Democratic in redistricting. Baldwin won reelection to a third term in the newly redrawn 2nd District with 66% of the vote against Republican Ron Greer.[27] In 2004, she beat Dave Magnum 63%-37%.[28] She won a 2006 rematch against Magnum, again winning 63%-37%.[29] In 2008, she defeated Peter Theron 69%-31%,[30] and in 2010 she won a seventh term with 62% of the vote against Chad Lee.[31]

Committee assignments

U.S. Senate (2013–present)

2012 election

Main article: United States Senate election in Wisconsin, 2012
Baldwin and Thompson debating during the 2012 election

Baldwin ran as the Democratic nominee against Republican nominee Tommy Thompson, who had formerly been governor and Secretary of Health and Human Services. She announced her candidacy on September 6, 2011, in a video emailed to supporters.[32] She ran uncontested in the primary election,[33] and spoke at the 2012 Democratic National Convention about tax policy, campaign finance reform, and equality in the United States.[34]

She was endorsed by Democracy for America, and she received campaign funding from EMILY's List, the Gay & Lesbian Victory Fund, and LPAC.[35] Baldwin was endorsed by the editorial board of The Capital Times, who wrote that "Baldwin's fresh ideas on issues ranging from job creation to health care reform, along with her proven record of working across lines of partisanship and ideology, and her grace under pressure mark her as precisely the right choice to replace retiring U.S. Sen. Herb Kohl."[36]

Thompson claimed during his campaign that her "far left approach leaves this country in jeopardy."[37]

The candidates had three debates, on September 28,[38][39] October 18,[40] and October 26.[41] According to Baldwin's Federal Election Commission filings, she raised about $12 million, over $5 million more than her opponent.[42]

On November 6, 2012, Baldwin became the first openly gay candidate to be elected to the U.S. Senate. Because of her 14 years in the House of Representatives, under Senate rules she had the highest seniority in her entering class of senators.[43] She was succeeded in Congress by State Assemblyman Mark Pocan, who had earlier succeeded her in the state legislature.

Baldwin was featured in Time's November 19, 2012, edition, in the Verbatim section, where she was quoted as saying "I didn't run to make history" on her historic election.[44] In a separate section, she was also mentioned as a new face to watch in the Senate.[45]

2018 election

Main article: United States Senate election in Wisconsin, 2018

Baldwin won a second term in 2018 with 55.4% of the vote, defeating Republican Leah Vukmir by a landslide margin of approximately 11%.

Committee assignments

Political positions

Ideology

In October 2012, Baldwin described herself as a progressive in the mold of Robert M. La Follette.[46] No two U.S. Senators from the same state vote differently as often as Baldwin and Ron Johnson do.[47]

In 2003, Baldwin served on the advisory committee of the Progressive Majority, a political action committee dedicated to electing progressive candidates to public office.[48]

Baldwin is a member of the Congressional Progressive Caucus[49] and the Afterschool Caucuses.[50] According to a 2011 National Journal survey, she was among the most liberal members of the House.[51] As of 2012, her voting record made her one of the most liberal members of Congress.[52][53][48][54]

Economy and jobs

In a September 2015 radio interview, Baldwin said that she, the Pope, and Donald Trump all supported repeal of the carried interest tax loophole. Politifact stated that there was no record of the Pope weighing in on this particular tax break.[55]

In 2016, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce gave Baldwin a 32% cumulative score on "key business votes."[56]

In October 2017, CBS News reported that the Freedom Partners, a Koch-funded group, had "launched a $1.6 million television and digital ad campaign" targeting Baldwin for her "stance on taxes." The ads charged her with having "voted for five trillion dollars in more taxes" and with having "supported higher income taxes, sales taxes – even energy taxes." One ad stated: "If Tammy Baldwin opposes tax reform, it's proof that she opposes jobs."[57]

In October 2017, the editors of The Capital Times praised Baldwin and Bernie Sanders for their vocal opposition to a budget resolution that they believed would increase income inequality. Baldwin was described as "one of the budget's most ardent foes."[58]

In November 2017, Baldwin expressed opposition to the Trump tax-reform bill, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, saying that it was being drafted "behind closed doors" and charging that it was being "shoved through." In its place, she promoted a bill, the Stronger Way Act, that she and Cory Booker (D-NJ) co-sponsored.[59]

In 2018, Baldwin sponsored the Reward Work Act of 2018, which proposed to guarantee the right of employees in listed companies to elect one-third of the board of directors.[60]

Terrorism

In November 2013, Baldwin introduced a bill that would "bring greater government transparency, oversight and due process whenever authorities use information gathered for intelligence purposes to make domestic non-terrorism cases against Americans."[61]

Baldwin described the mass shooting in Orlando, Florida, in June 2016 as a "hate crime"[62] and said "The question now for America is are we going to come together and stand united against hate, gun violence and terrorism?"[63]

Immigration

In June 2013, Baldwin voted for S. 744, the Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act, which would have enabled undocumented immigrants to acquire legal residency status and, later, citizenship.[64]

She voted against Kate's Law in 2016.[65]

In 2017, immigration reduction advocacy group NumbersUSA gave Baldwin an overall grade of F, with a score of 11% on immigration bills. On the reduction of unnecessary worker visas, she scored a C; on the reduction of refugee and asylum fraud, and on the reduction of amnesty enticements, she scored F-.[66]

She voted against building a fence on the U.S.-Mexico border in 2006.[67]

Opposition to Iraq War

Baldwin was a vocal critic of the Iraq War.[10][68] On October 10, 2002, she was among the 133 members of the House who voted against authorizing the invasion of Iraq. She warned there would be "postwar challenges," observing that "there is no history of democratic government in Iraq," that its "economy and infrastructure are in ruins after years of war and sanctions," and that rebuilding would take "a great deal of money."[69] In 2005, she joined the Out of Iraq Caucus.[70]

Impeachment of Dick Cheney and Alberto Gonzales

On August 1, 2007, Baldwin cosponsored H. Res. 333, a bill proposing articles of impeachment against Vice President Dick Cheney, and H Res. 589, a bill proposing the impeachment of Attorney General Alberto Gonzales. On January 20, 2008, Baldwin wrote in the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel that on December 14, 2007, "I joined with my colleagues on the House Judiciary Committee, Reps. Robert Wexler (D-Fla.) and Luis Gutierrez (D-Ill.), in urging Chairman Rep. John Conyers (D-Mich.) to conduct hearings on a resolution of impeachment now pending consideration in that committee." Although some constituents "say I have gone too far," others "argue I have not gone far enough" and feel "we are losing our democracy and that I should do more to hold the Bush administration accountable for its actions."[71]

Baldwin speaks during the second day of the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado.

Health care

An outspoken advocate of single-payer, government-run universal health care system since her days as a state legislator, Baldwin introduced the Health Security for All Americans Act, which would have required states to provide such a system, in 2000, 2002, 2004, and 2005.[10][68][72][73][74] The bill died each time it was introduced without a House vote.[75]

She has said that she "believes strongly that a single-payer health system is the best way to comprehensively and fairly reform our health care system."[75] In November 2009, Baldwin voted for the version of health-care reform that included a public option, a government-run health-care plan that would have competed with private insurers, but only the House passed that version. She ultimately voted for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare, which became law in 2010.[10][76] Baldwin said she hoped a public option in the ACA would lead to a single-payer system. The first version of the ACA Baldwin voted for included a public option, but the final version did not.[75]

In 2009, Baldwin introduced the Ending LGBT Health Disparities Act (ELHDA), which sought to advance LGBT health priorities by promoting research, cultural competency, and non-discrimination policies. The bill was not passed.[77]

In April 2017, Baldwin was one of five Democratic senators to sign a letter to President Trump warning that failure "to take immediate action to oppose the lawsuit or direct House Republicans to forgo this effort will increase instability in the insurance market, as insurers may choose not to participate in the marketplace in 2018" and that they remained concerned that his administration "has still not provided certainty to insurers and consumers that you will protect the cost-sharing subsidies provided under the law."[78]

Baldwin wrote an op-ed in 2017 titled "Why I support Medicare for all and other efforts to expand health coverage."[79]

In April 2018, Baldwin was one of ten senators to sponsor the Choose Medicare Act, an expanded public option for health insurance that also increased Obamacare subsidies and rendered people with higher incomes eligible for its assistance.[80]

In January 2019, during the 2018–19 United States federal government shutdown, Baldwin was one of 34 senators to sign a letter to Commissioner of Food and Drugs Scott Gottlieb recognizing the efforts of the FDA to address the shutdown's effect on public health and employees while remaining alarmed "that the continued shutdown will result in increasingly harmful effects on the agency’s employees and the safety and security of the nation’s food and medical products."[81]

In February 2019, Baldwin was one of 11 senators to sign a letter to insulin manufactures Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi about their increased insulin prices depriving patients of "access to the life-saving medications they need."[82]

Resolution on 9/11 victims

Baldwin speaking at a U.S. Department of Justice event.

Baldwin was one of 22 members of Congress to vote against a 2006 resolution honoring victims of the September 11 attacks on the fifth anniversary of 9/11. (The resolution passed 395-22.) Baldwin said she voted against the resolution because it also endorsed the Patriot Act and criticized illegal immigration.[83][84]

Her vote received renewed attention in the 2012 U.S. Senate campaign when Tommy Thompson's campaign released an ad about it. Thompson said in a statement, "Wisconsin voters need to know that Congresswoman Tammy Baldwin put her extreme views above honoring the men and women who were murdered by the terrorists in the Sept. 11 attacks on our nation."[83] The Baldwin campaign responded by saying Thompson's ad was a "dishonest attack that tries to suggest Tammy Baldwin opposes honoring the victims of the 9/11 terrorist attacks."[83]

ACORN

In 2009, when the House voted overwhelmingly to defund ACORN, Baldwin was one of 75 House members (all Democrats) who voted against the measure.[85]

2016 U.S. presidential election

Baldwin with former Governor of Georgia and Secretary of Agriculture Sonny Perdue in February 2017

On October 20, 2013, Baldwin was one of sixteen female Democratic Senators to sign a letter endorsing Hillary Clinton as the Democratic nominee in the 2016 presidential election.[86]

Handling of Veterans Affairs report

In January 2015, USA Today obtained a copy of a report by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs inspector general about the Tomah, Wisconsin Veterans Affairs medical facility. The report said that two physicians at the Tomah VA were among the biggest prescribers of opioids in a multistate region, raising "potentially serious concerns." Baldwin's office had received the report in August 2014 but did not take action until January 2015, when Baldwin called for an investigation after the Center for Investigative Reporting published details of the report, including information about a veteran who died from an overdose at the facility. A whistleblower and former Tomah VA employee learned that Baldwin's office had a copy of the report, and he repeatedly emailed Baldwin's office asking that she take action on the issue. Baldwin's office did not explain why they waited from August 2014 to January 2015 to call for an investigation. Baldwin was the only member of Congress who had a copy of the inspection report.[87][88]

In February 2015, Baldwin fired her deputy state director over her handling of the VA report. The aide was offered but declined a severance deal that included a cash payout and a confidentiality agreement that would have required her to keep quiet. The aide filed an ethics complaint with the United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. The complaint was dismissed as lacking merit.[89] Baldwin said, "we should have done a better job listening to and communicating with another constituent with whom we were working on problems at the VA",[88] and that she had started a review of why her office had failed to act on the report. As a result of the review, Baldwin fined her chief of staff, demoted her state director, and reassigned a veterans' outreach staffer.[90] In November 2017, Baldwin co-sponsored legislation designed to strengthen opioid safety in the Department of Veterans Affairs.[91]

In December 2018, Baldwin was one of 21 senators to sign a letter to United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs Robert Wilkie calling it "appalling that the VA is not conducting oversight of its own outreach efforts" even though suicide prevention is the VA's highest clinical priority, and requesting that Wilkie "consult with experts with proven track records of successful public and mental health outreach campaigns with a particular emphasis on how those individuals measure success."[92]

Drug policy

In December 2016, Baldwin was one of 17 senators to sign a letter to President-elect Trump asking him to fulfill a campaign pledge to bring down the cost of prescription drugs, stating their willingness "to advance measures to achieve this goal" and calling on Trump "to partner with Republicans and Democrats alike to take meaningful steps to address the high cost of prescription drugs through bold administrative and legislative actions."[93]

In December 2017, Baldwin was one of six senators to sign a letter to Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell and Minority Leader Chuck Schumer requesting their "help in ensuring the long-term sustainability of the 340B program", a Trump administration rule mandating that drug companies give discounts to health-care organizations presently serving large numbers of low-income patients.[94]

Russia

In December 2018, after United States Secretary of State Mike Pompeo announced the Trump administration was suspending its obligations in the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty in 60 days in the event that Russia continued to violate the treaty, Baldwin was one of twenty-six senators to sign a letter expressing concern over the administration "now abandoning generations of bipartisan U.S. leadership around the paired goals of reducing the global role and number of nuclear weapons and ensuring strategic stability with America's nuclear-armed adversaries" and calling on President Trump to continue arms negotiations.[95]

Trade

In September 2016, Baldwin was one of 12 senators to sign a letter to President Obama asserting that the passage of the Trans-Pacific Partnership "in its current form will perpetuate a trade policy that advantages corporations at the expense of American workers" and that there would be an "erosion of U.S. manufacturing and middle class jobs, and accelerate the corporate race to the bottom" if provisions were not fixed.[96]

Climate change

In November 2018, Baldwin was one of 25 Democratic senators to cosponsor a resolution in response to findings of the Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change report and National Climate Assessment. The resolution affirmed the senators' acceptance of the findings and their support for bold action to address climate change.[97]

LGBT issues

In October 2018, Baldwin was one of 20 senators to sign a letter to Secretary of State Mike Pompeo urging him to reverse the rolling back of a policy that granted visas to same-sex partners of LGBTQ diplomats who had unions that were not recognized by their home countries, writing that too many places around the world have seen LGBTQ individuals "subjected to discrimination and unspeakable violence, and receive little or no protection from the law or local authorities" and that refusing to let LGBTQ diplomats bring their partners to the US would be equivalent of upholding "the discriminatory policies of many countries around the world."[98]

Electoral history

United States House of Representatives

Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district election, 1998[99]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Tammy Baldwin 116,377 52.49% +11.49
Republican Josephine Musser 103,528 46.69% -10.68%
Write-ins 1,578 0.80% +0.76%
Turnout 221,693 -21.50%
Democratic gain from Republican Swing
Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district election, 2000[100]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Tammy Baldwin 163,534 51.36% -1.13%
Republican John Sharpless 154,632 48.56% +2.07%
Write-ins 214 0.06% -0.70%
Turnout 318,380 +30.36
Democratic hold Swing
Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district election, 2002[101]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Tammy Baldwin 163,313 66.00% +14.64
Republican Ron Greer 83,694 33.82% -14.74%
Write-ins 403 0.16% +0.10
Turnout 247,410 -28.68%
Democratic hold Swing
Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district election, 2004[102]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Tammy Baldwin 251,637 63.26% -2.74%
Republican Dave Magnum 145,810 36.66% +2.84%
Write-ins 277 0.06% -0.10%
Turnout 397,724 +37.79%
Democratic hold Swing
Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district election, 2006[103]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Tammy Baldwin 191,414 62.82% -0.56%
Republican Dave Magnum 113,015 37.09% +0.53%
Write-ins 259 0.08% +0.02%
Turnout 304,688 -23.39%
Democratic hold Swing
Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district election, 2008[104]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Tammy Baldwin 277,914 69.33% +6.51%
Republican Peter Theron 122,513 30.56% 6.53%
Write-ins 414 0.10%
Turnout 400,841 +23.98%
Democratic hold Swing
Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district election, 2010[105]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Tammy Baldwin 191,164 61.73% -7.60%
Republican Chad Lee 118,099 38.16% +7.60%
Write-ins 197 0.06% -0.04%
Turnout 309,460 -22.79%
Democratic hold Swing

United States Senate

2012 United States Senate election, Wisconsin[106]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Tammy Baldwin 1,547,104 51.41% -15.9
Republican Tommy Thompson 1,380,126 45.86% +16.4
Libertarian Joseph Kexel 62,240 2.07% +2.1
Independent Nimrod Allen, III 16,455 0.55% N/A
Other Scattered 3,486 0.12% +0.1
Majority 166,978 5.55%
Turnout 3,009,411
Democratic hold Swing
2018 United States Senate election, Wisconsin
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Tammy Baldwin 1,472,914 55.4% +3.99
Republican Leah Vukmir 1,184,885 44.6% -1.26
Majority 288,029 10.8% +5.25
Turnout 2,657,799 100%
Democratic hold Swing

Personal life

Baldwin is the granddaughter of biochemist David E. Green and the niece of another biochemist, Rowena Green Matthews.[107] For fifteen years, Baldwin's domestic partner was Lauren Azar; in 2009, the couple registered as domestic partners in Wisconsin.[108] They separated in 2010.[109] Baldwin was baptized Episcopalian but considers herself "unaffiliated" with a religion.[110][111]

See also

References

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  44. ^ "Verbatim", Time, p. 15, November 19, 2012
  45. ^ "The Senate - A Few New Faces", Time, p. 18, November 19, 2012
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  53. ^ Kroll, Andy (August 15, 2012). "Can Tammy Baldwin Win Over Wisconsin?". Mother Jones. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
  54. ^ Bergquist, Lee (October 27, 2012). "Election 2012 - Baldwin's voting record places her among top liberals". Jsonline.com. Archived from the original on April 3, 2013. Retrieved December 5, 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  55. ^ Kertscher, Tom. "Do Donald Trump, Pope Francis and Tammy Baldwin all agree on eliminating a tax break?". Politifact. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
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External links

Wisconsin State Assembly
Preceded by Member of the Wisconsin Assembly
from the 78th district
1993–1999 		Succeeded by
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district
1999–2013 		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator from Wisconsin
(Class 1)
2012, 2018 		Most recent
Preceded by Secretary of the Senate Democratic Conference
2017–present 		Incumbent
U.S. Senate
Preceded by United States Senator (Class 1) from Wisconsin
2013–present
Served alongside: Ron Johnson 		Incumbent
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by United States Senators by seniority
58th 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tammy_Baldwin&oldid=883357205"